Between 2006 and 2008 the Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per la città metropo... more Between 2006 and 2008 the Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Bologna e per le province di MO, RE, FE carried out an excavation in the courtyard of Palazzo Legnani Pizzardi, which in Roman times was located in the first southern suburb of Bononia. As for the Roman period, a big hollow has been found, which probably belonged to the original defence system of the colony; afterwards, perhaps since the Augustan age, the hollow was filled with both ceramics and materials derived from the demolition of upmarket buildings. In particular, a considerable amount of amphorae has been found, 25 of them bearing stamps: one on Lamboglia 2, eight on Dressel 2–4, nine on Dressel 6A and seven on Dressel 6B amphorae. All these containers were produced in the Adriatic area, mainly in its northern part, and are mainly dated from the Augustan age to the Early Imperial age. In addition to that, a Dressel 7–11 amphora has been found, which bears a poorly preserved painted inscription mentioning the mur(ia) hisp(ana).
Over the past few decades an intense discussion has taken place among scholars about the importan... more Over the past few decades an intense discussion has taken place among scholars about the important role that instrumentum inscriptum plays in the reconstruction of various aspects of Roman social and economic history. One of the key issues is the definition of the criteria for publication and computer cataloguing of this class of materials, which includes various types of objects (amphorae, lamps, fine ware pottery, building materials, etc.) and inscriptions (stamps, tituli picti, graffiti ante or post cocturam). This paper presents a proposal for cataloguing fictile instrumentum inscriptum through a relational database which takes into account both the archaeological and epigraphical aspects of this kind of documents, also paying particular attention to possible prosopographic comparisons with lapidary epigraphy. The collection of these data allows the user to pursue socio-economic research on the basis of different criteria, which can be variously combined: geographical, typological, prosopographical and chronological. Three case studies show the usefulness of this tool both for analytical and statistical studies.
Nell'ambito di recenti scavi presso Palazzo Legnani Pizzardi a Bologna sono venuti alla luce due ... more Nell'ambito di recenti scavi presso Palazzo Legnani Pizzardi a Bologna sono venuti alla luce due laterizi recanti marchi a lettere rilevate entro cartiglio rettangolare: L. VALE. PIPERC, forse ricollegabile a una stele bononiense che menziona alcuni liberti di un L. Valerius Piperclus; CAESIANA, da riferire probabilmente a una non altrimenti nota figlina riconducibile alla gens Caesia.
This paper focuses on the collection and the overall analysis of the painted inscriptions with co... more This paper focuses on the collection and the overall analysis of the painted inscriptions with consular date on italic wine amphorae. This kind of inscriptions are beared mainly on Dressel 1 and Dressel 2-4 amphoras produced along the Tyrrhenian coastal area of Italy. The research has pointed out a great variety both in the expression of these dates and in the kind of extra information (e.g. the wine names, which can originate from the production place and/or the name of the fundus). As for the consular dates, the most part of the examples collected bears only one date, probably connected to the wine bottling; an interpretation as indication of the wine production is difficult because the consuls documented on tituli picti were in office in different periods of the year. Sometimes we have two dates, which are respectively referred to the year of production – expressed by the words vindemia/ natum or by the indication of the wine ageing – and to the wine diffusio. The lack of orderliness in the tituli picti structure can be interpretated as a clear signal of the informal nature of these inscriptions, which are connected to the wine, a product that was not controlled by the annona.
The paper focuses on the collection and analysis of the epigraphic evidence in Mutina dating from... more The paper focuses on the collection and analysis of the epigraphic evidence in Mutina dating from the 3rd century AD to the 5th century AD, with particular attention to funerary inscriptions. For the period between the half of the 3rd century AD and the half of the 4th century AD it can be noted a significant presence of military officers and exponents of the bureaucracy, who often reused ancienter proconnesian marble sarcophagi for themselves or their relatives. Almost all the inscriptions contain an explicit indication of the family relationships among the persons mentioned so it is possible to reconstruct family units which sometimes include ancestors until the second generation. An interesting case is that of the vir consularis L. Nonius Verus, for whom epigraphic documents allow to reconstruct more than a family unit. In fact there are three inscriptions which have been traditionally related to L. Nonius Verus and mention three different wifes (CIL XI 831; 832; 1017); in particular two of them surely concern the vir consularis whereas the third one could be attributed to a namesake relative.
Il presente contributo ha lo scopo di fornire alcune linee di interpretazione sul significato di ... more Il presente contributo ha lo scopo di fornire alcune linee di interpretazione sul significato di un consistente nucleo di tituli picti su anfore del tipo Dressel 7-11 e Dressel 12 rinvenute a Modena e a Parma. In una trentina di esse viene menzionata la già nota societas dei Quinti Caecilii, attiva nella prima metà del I secolo d.C. nell’ambito del commercio di derrate prodotte in Betica. Sono inoltre state proposte alcune riflessioni in merito alla presenza su due anfore rinvenute a Parma dell’indicazione Parmam, da interpretare probabilmente come il luogo di destinazione di tali contenitori.
The analysis of the presence of fish amphorae in the territory of Mutina provides a picture revea... more The analysis of the presence of fish amphorae in the territory of Mutina provides a picture revealing, especially for the late Augustan Age and the 1st century AD, a generalized consumption of fish-based products, with importation from Baetica (Dressel 7-11, Dressel 12 and Beltrán II containers), which was joined by small Adriatic amphorae to transport fish sauces which were probably produced along the Adriatic coast. In particular, the Baetican amphorae found during the excavation at Novi Sad Park, the reachest and most interesting archaeological context, amount to about the 8%, outlining a situation which can be quantitatively compared only to that of Parma, in the same region, and to that of Verona, in the Venetia region. Some of these containers bear painted inscriptions, which mention in the possessive case the Quinti Caecilii, whose function in unclear. They could be indeed the producers of fish sauces or the mercatores in charge of the trading of the containers. Regarding Spanish fish foodstuffs import in Mutina, it is probable that they arrived at an Adriatic port, perhaps Ravenna or another harbour in the Po river delta, and were then carried along the Padan road system and its related waterway system.
Between 2006 and 2008 the Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per la città metropo... more Between 2006 and 2008 the Soprintendenza Archeologia, belle arti e paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Bologna e per le province di MO, RE, FE carried out an excavation in the courtyard of Palazzo Legnani Pizzardi, which in Roman times was located in the first southern suburb of Bononia. As for the Roman period, a big hollow has been found, which probably belonged to the original defence system of the colony; afterwards, perhaps since the Augustan age, the hollow was filled with both ceramics and materials derived from the demolition of upmarket buildings. In particular, a considerable amount of amphorae has been found, 25 of them bearing stamps: one on Lamboglia 2, eight on Dressel 2–4, nine on Dressel 6A and seven on Dressel 6B amphorae. All these containers were produced in the Adriatic area, mainly in its northern part, and are mainly dated from the Augustan age to the Early Imperial age. In addition to that, a Dressel 7–11 amphora has been found, which bears a poorly preserved painted inscription mentioning the mur(ia) hisp(ana).
Over the past few decades an intense discussion has taken place among scholars about the importan... more Over the past few decades an intense discussion has taken place among scholars about the important role that instrumentum inscriptum plays in the reconstruction of various aspects of Roman social and economic history. One of the key issues is the definition of the criteria for publication and computer cataloguing of this class of materials, which includes various types of objects (amphorae, lamps, fine ware pottery, building materials, etc.) and inscriptions (stamps, tituli picti, graffiti ante or post cocturam). This paper presents a proposal for cataloguing fictile instrumentum inscriptum through a relational database which takes into account both the archaeological and epigraphical aspects of this kind of documents, also paying particular attention to possible prosopographic comparisons with lapidary epigraphy. The collection of these data allows the user to pursue socio-economic research on the basis of different criteria, which can be variously combined: geographical, typological, prosopographical and chronological. Three case studies show the usefulness of this tool both for analytical and statistical studies.
Nell'ambito di recenti scavi presso Palazzo Legnani Pizzardi a Bologna sono venuti alla luce due ... more Nell'ambito di recenti scavi presso Palazzo Legnani Pizzardi a Bologna sono venuti alla luce due laterizi recanti marchi a lettere rilevate entro cartiglio rettangolare: L. VALE. PIPERC, forse ricollegabile a una stele bononiense che menziona alcuni liberti di un L. Valerius Piperclus; CAESIANA, da riferire probabilmente a una non altrimenti nota figlina riconducibile alla gens Caesia.
This paper focuses on the collection and the overall analysis of the painted inscriptions with co... more This paper focuses on the collection and the overall analysis of the painted inscriptions with consular date on italic wine amphorae. This kind of inscriptions are beared mainly on Dressel 1 and Dressel 2-4 amphoras produced along the Tyrrhenian coastal area of Italy. The research has pointed out a great variety both in the expression of these dates and in the kind of extra information (e.g. the wine names, which can originate from the production place and/or the name of the fundus). As for the consular dates, the most part of the examples collected bears only one date, probably connected to the wine bottling; an interpretation as indication of the wine production is difficult because the consuls documented on tituli picti were in office in different periods of the year. Sometimes we have two dates, which are respectively referred to the year of production – expressed by the words vindemia/ natum or by the indication of the wine ageing – and to the wine diffusio. The lack of orderliness in the tituli picti structure can be interpretated as a clear signal of the informal nature of these inscriptions, which are connected to the wine, a product that was not controlled by the annona.
The paper focuses on the collection and analysis of the epigraphic evidence in Mutina dating from... more The paper focuses on the collection and analysis of the epigraphic evidence in Mutina dating from the 3rd century AD to the 5th century AD, with particular attention to funerary inscriptions. For the period between the half of the 3rd century AD and the half of the 4th century AD it can be noted a significant presence of military officers and exponents of the bureaucracy, who often reused ancienter proconnesian marble sarcophagi for themselves or their relatives. Almost all the inscriptions contain an explicit indication of the family relationships among the persons mentioned so it is possible to reconstruct family units which sometimes include ancestors until the second generation. An interesting case is that of the vir consularis L. Nonius Verus, for whom epigraphic documents allow to reconstruct more than a family unit. In fact there are three inscriptions which have been traditionally related to L. Nonius Verus and mention three different wifes (CIL XI 831; 832; 1017); in particular two of them surely concern the vir consularis whereas the third one could be attributed to a namesake relative.
Il presente contributo ha lo scopo di fornire alcune linee di interpretazione sul significato di ... more Il presente contributo ha lo scopo di fornire alcune linee di interpretazione sul significato di un consistente nucleo di tituli picti su anfore del tipo Dressel 7-11 e Dressel 12 rinvenute a Modena e a Parma. In una trentina di esse viene menzionata la già nota societas dei Quinti Caecilii, attiva nella prima metà del I secolo d.C. nell’ambito del commercio di derrate prodotte in Betica. Sono inoltre state proposte alcune riflessioni in merito alla presenza su due anfore rinvenute a Parma dell’indicazione Parmam, da interpretare probabilmente come il luogo di destinazione di tali contenitori.
The analysis of the presence of fish amphorae in the territory of Mutina provides a picture revea... more The analysis of the presence of fish amphorae in the territory of Mutina provides a picture revealing, especially for the late Augustan Age and the 1st century AD, a generalized consumption of fish-based products, with importation from Baetica (Dressel 7-11, Dressel 12 and Beltrán II containers), which was joined by small Adriatic amphorae to transport fish sauces which were probably produced along the Adriatic coast. In particular, the Baetican amphorae found during the excavation at Novi Sad Park, the reachest and most interesting archaeological context, amount to about the 8%, outlining a situation which can be quantitatively compared only to that of Parma, in the same region, and to that of Verona, in the Venetia region. Some of these containers bear painted inscriptions, which mention in the possessive case the Quinti Caecilii, whose function in unclear. They could be indeed the producers of fish sauces or the mercatores in charge of the trading of the containers. Regarding Spanish fish foodstuffs import in Mutina, it is probable that they arrived at an Adriatic port, perhaps Ravenna or another harbour in the Po river delta, and were then carried along the Padan road system and its related waterway system.
VI Incontro Instrumenta inscripta
Le iscrizioni con funzione didascalico-esplicativa
Committente,... more VI Incontro Instrumenta inscripta Le iscrizioni con funzione didascalico-esplicativa Committente, destinatario, contenuto e descrizione dell'oggetto nell'instrumentum inscriptum (Aquileia, 26-28 marzo 2015)
Cette communication aborde deux oracles sur la boiterie qui ont étés utilisés à Sparte pour déter... more Cette communication aborde deux oracles sur la boiterie qui ont étés utilisés à Sparte pour déterminer des décisions politiques, parce que ces voix divines continuèrent à avoir beaucoup d’influence sur les élites dirigeantes même après le succès de la sophistique. En particulier, j’ai l’intention d’analyser, en examinant leur vérité historique, l’oracle sur le danger d’une hegemonía boiteuse en Grèce après les guerres gréco-persanes et celui sur la nécessité d’éviter un royaume boiteux après la guerre de Péloponnèse. Dans les deux cas le sens n’était pas clair, de façon à ce que les oracles puissent être utilisés même pour des buts contraires, mais l’acceptation d’une interprétation ou de l’autre ne dépendait que de la personnalité politique qui la proposait. Je veux montrer que ce n'est pas par hasard si l'emportèrent les idées d’Etimaridas dans le premier cas et celles de Lisandre dans le deuxième.
Per l’alta età imperiale, quella del cosiddetto “Circolo dello Stretto” – comprendente i territor... more Per l’alta età imperiale, quella del cosiddetto “Circolo dello Stretto” – comprendente i territori della Hispania Baetica e della Mauretania Tingitana – è indubbiamente una delle zone più note per la produzione di garum e salagioni di pesce, prodotti che vennero ampiamente distribuiti in tutta la parte occidentale dell’Impero. Quest’area, pur comprendendo due province, è ormai considerata dagli studi più recenti come un’unica realtà produttiva, caratterizzata da un complesso sistema di cetariae, figlinae e luoghi di estrazione del sale, e per cui si è ipotizzato anche un commercio di anfore vuote dalla costa betica a quella tingitana. Dalla parziale corrispondenza onomastica – individuata dalla dott.ssa Laura Cerri nell’ambito di uno studio sistematico sui tituli picti sui contenitori della Tingitana – tra i mercatores che trasportavano i prodotti di Lixus e Tingi e quelli che commerciavano i salsamenta della Baetica è inoltre possibile ipotizzare che le anfore tingitane e betiche si trovassero nel medesimo porto d’imbarco, Baelo Claudia, per poi partire per Gades, da dove prendevano la via verso le altre province.
Per quanto riguarda l’Emilia, nuclei consistenti di anfore dei tipi Dressel 7-8 e 12 sono stati rinvenuti a Modena e a Parma. In particolare, dallo scavo di Modena, Parco Novi Sad e da due giacimenti a Parma, ossia quelli di via Palermo e di via Saffi, è venuto alla luce un nutrito gruppo di contenitori recanti tituli picti menzionanti il prodotto, ossia garum hispanum.
Scopo del mio intervento è una presentazione comparativa delle iscrizioni dipinte in questione, che mostrano – per quanto riguarda quelle rinvenute a Modena e a Parma, via Palermo – interessanti corrispondenze onomastiche. Si tenterà inoltre di ricostruire i probabili percorsi di arrivo dallo Stretto e di distribuzione di queste derrate all’interno della regio VIII.
Nell’ambito del progetto di dottorato, relativo al censimento ed allo studio dell’instrumentum in... more Nell’ambito del progetto di dottorato, relativo al censimento ed allo studio dell’instrumentum inscriptum – in particolare laterizi, dolia, pesi da telaio, anfore, lucerne e produzioni ceramiche – dei territori modenese e ferrarese è stata elaborata una schedatura informatizzata del materiale fittile bollato mediante la creazione di un database utilizzando Filemaker 9 Pro Advanced.
Tale banca dati, che può essere utilizzata per qualsiasi realtà locale, è composta da tre tabelle correlate tra loro: «Schede di censimento», corredata di immagini fotografiche e disegni, «Bibliografia» e «Riscontri epigrafici», relativa alle attestazioni epigrafiche riguardanti i personaggi menzionati sui bolli, con particolare attenzione ai riscontri prosopografici locali.
In particolare, la tabella «Schede di censimento», che consta di campi dei tipi «lista a discesa», «casella di modifica» e «contenitore», è divisa in tre sezioni: una relativa al contesto geografico originario di rinvenimento con indicazione, ove possibile, della sigla identificativa della località nella Carta Archeologica georeferenziata di Modena e della provincia, la seconda sul supporto materiale del bollo – con definizione della tipologia ed indicazioni metrologiche – e la terza relativa al testo epigrafico e comprendente una trascrizione diacritica utilizzando il Font TTF per Legamenti bolli laterizi elaborato da Alfredo Furlan e disponibile gratuitamente registrandosi ad Archeologia Italiana Forum.
La raccolta e schedatura organica, al momento completa per quanto concerne il materiale laterizio, dell’instrumentum inscriptum di Modena – mediante sia lo spoglio bibliografico sia il riscontro autoptico del materiale conservato presso le Istituzioni museali in stretta collaborazione con la Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell’Emilia Romagna – ha lo scopo di meglio comprendere l’organizzazione e la portata dell’attività manifatturiera di Mutina anche in relazione ad altri settori dell’economia – quale, ad esempio, l’allevamento, vista l’esistenza dell’importante fiera-mercato dei Campi Macri – nonché di delineare i rapporti commerciali intrattenuti dalla colonia con le aree limitrofe o con cui era collegata tramite percorsi terrestri e d’acqua.
Pendant les fouilles auprès du Parc “Novi Sad” à Modène (2009-2010) a été découvert environ mille... more Pendant les fouilles auprès du Parc “Novi Sad” à Modène (2009-2010) a été découvert environ mille amphores dans quatre contextes, qu’on peut dater entre la moitie du Ier s. ap. J. C. et la première moitié du Iième s. et qu’on peut interpréter comme des déscharges ou des bonifications des zones déprimées. Le patrimoine épigraphique est très riche: ici se trouvent 138 timbres, dont plus que un quart n’a pas de confrontations, une vingtaine de récipients bétiques et des petites amphores adriatiques à souces de poissons avec tituli picti. En particulier, je voudrais me consacrer à deux groupes de marques inconnues jusqu’à maintenant: un groupe de 11 Dressel 6A produites en Padanie portant le nom d’une femme, Numisia L. f. Firmilla, et 5 Dressel 6A vraisemblablement picéniennes avec un timbre à lettres libres et gravées VOLC. Ce timbre identifierait un personnage qui produisit et marqua aussi d’autres typologies céramiques, comme on pourrait déduire de la présence sur un récipient d’un double timbre réalisé par deux différéntes matrices, dont une est beaucoup plus petite que celle qui était utilisée pour les autres amphores. En outre, la découverte d’une association inédite des timbres en génitif RVBRI et CADMI sur les deux anses d’une Dressel 6A augmente les connaissances en ce qui concerne la série d’amphores produites avec toute probabilité à Città Sant’Angelo (Pescara), à l’intérieur de l’ager di Hadria, et timbrées par P. Rubrius Barbarus, beau-père de L. Tarius Rufus, producteur d’amphores bien connu.
In the early Roman Imperial Age the most famous and esteemed production of fish sauces was the on... more In the early Roman Imperial Age the most famous and esteemed production of fish sauces was the one of Hispania Baetica, which was widely spread in the Western part of the Empire. The published archaeological finds in Northern Italy show a moderate but constant influx of amphoras of the Dressel 7-11, Dressel 12 and Beltran II types between the 1st century AD and the first half of the 2nd century AD. Along with this importation of Baetican high-quality garum, in the Northern and Central Adriatic regions there was also a local production of fish sauces – mainly liquamen and muria – that were transported in small containers typologically similar to oil Dressel 6B amphoras.
As for the territory of the Roman colony of Mutina, recent excavations (2009-2010) at “Novi Sad” Park, in an area that was 600 meters from the city walls, give us new interesting information about fish products importation. Among about a thousand of amphoras found in this site, Baetican Dressel 7-8 and Dressel 12 amount to about the 8%, outlining a situation similar to that of Parma, in the same region, and to that of Verona and Aquileia, in the Venetia region. Some of these amphoras bear painted inscriptions that give information about the product and the garum producers and traders; in particular, some of them bear the name in genitive of two persons – the Quinti Caecilii – which has comparison only on some containers of Parma and on an amphora found on the Magdalensberg. Furthermore, in “Novi Sad” Park site there are – though the data are partial because they are not included in the documentation of the excavation – at least twenty small adriatic amphoras, some of which bearing painted inscriptions and one of them a stamp, that is the only one known for the moment on this type of container.
The aim of the paper is to do a quantitative and qualitative analysis on fish sauces containers of “Novi Sad” Park and of the other sites of the territory of Mutina, also paying attention to the epigraphical apparatus, that appears mainly on Novi Sad materials, except for a small amphora conserved at Castelfranco Emilia that bears a double unpublished inscription. Thanks to this analysis it will be also possible to make some considerations on trade organization and routes of these kind of goods whose diffusion, unlike Baetican oil, wasn’t supervised by the annona.
Convegno Internazionale "Famiglia e società dal III secolo d.C.: la famiglia tardoantica" (Bologn... more Convegno Internazionale "Famiglia e società dal III secolo d.C.: la famiglia tardoantica" (Bologna, 21-22 maggio 2015)
À travers ce poster nous avons l’objectif de présenter quelques inscriptions peintes découvertes ... more À travers ce poster nous avons l’objectif de présenter quelques inscriptions peintes découvertes sur petites amphores adriatiques à sauces de poisson dans le territoire de Modène. Il s’agit d’une typologie amphorique, qui était utilisée pour le transport de liquamen et muria, qui était produit entre le Ier s. et le IIème s. sur la côte du centre-nord de l’Adriatique et qui n’a été étudiée que récemment. La plupart de ces exemplaires viennent des fouilles du Parc “Novi Sad” à Modène (2009-2010); très intéressant est parmi eux un titulus sur cinq lignes, qui a une confrontation dans une petite amphore découverte à Urbs Salvia, dans les Marches. En outre, un exemplaire intègre avec la même inscription peinte deux fois sur les deux côtés du col est conservé dans le Musée Archéologique de Castelfranco Emilia. Probablement on peut rapporter à la même typologie aussi un fragment amphorique peint, qui avait été découvert dans un puits à Spilamberto et qui jusqu’à maintenant avait été attribué à tort à une production de l’antiquité tardive.
El presente volumen está dedicado al estudio de la epigrafía anfórica en particular, sellos y tit... more El presente volumen está dedicado al estudio de la epigrafía anfórica en particular, sellos y tituli picti de Mutina (Módena), colonia romana creada en el año 183 a.C., y de su ager. Un primer capítulo introductorio ofrece una visión histórica del papel socioeconómico y político de la colonia en el período cronológico al que se refiere la documentación anfórica, es decir, entre el período tardorrepublicano y el período altoimperial, y un breve análisis de los problemas topográficos relacionados con el territorio que le corresponde. Le siguen dos capítulos dedicados, respectivamente, al estudio de los sellos anfóricos, los opercula y las inscripciones pintadas; el material analizado en estos dos capítulos se recoge, siguiendo la misma subdivisión, en dos corpora. Sería imposible (y metodológicamente incorrecto) pretender reconstruir exhaustivamente la historia económica de un lugar a través de una investigación centrada únicamente en el instrumentum inscriptum y, en particular, en una sola clase de material, las ánforas, aunque se distingan por su doble naturaleza de producto manufacturado y contenedor de alimentos. Sin embargo, la considerable riqueza del corpus epigráfico recogido, en gran parte inédito hasta ahora, que comprende unos 300 sellos y, en un caso único en Cisalpina, 45 tituli picti, unida a un breve análisis de los datos obtenidos de otras clases de instrumentum inscriptum (ladrillos, lucernas, cerámica de mesa), ha permitido reconstruir una imagen que se corresponde con la obtenida a partir de fuentes literarias, epigráficas y arqueológicas: entre la Baja República y el Alto Imperio, Mutina fue un centro floreciente, que se adapta muy bien a la definición ciceroniana de «firmissima et splendidissima populi Romani colonia» (Cic. Phil. 5.24).
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Papers by Manuela Mongardi
This paper presents a proposal for cataloguing fictile instrumentum inscriptum through a relational database which takes into account both the archaeological and epigraphical aspects of this kind of documents, also paying particular attention to possible prosopographic comparisons with lapidary epigraphy.
The collection of these data allows the user to pursue socio-economic research on the basis of different criteria, which can be variously combined: geographical, typological, prosopographical and chronological. Three case studies show the usefulness of this tool both for analytical and statistical studies.
inoltre state proposte alcune riflessioni in merito alla presenza su due anfore rinvenute a Parma dell’indicazione Parmam, da interpretare probabilmente come il luogo di destinazione di tali contenitori.
In particular, the Baetican amphorae found during the excavation at Novi Sad Park, the reachest and most interesting archaeological context, amount to about the 8%, outlining a situation which can be quantitatively compared only to that of Parma, in the same region, and to that of Verona, in the Venetia region. Some of these containers bear painted inscriptions, which mention in the possessive case the Quinti Caecilii, whose function in unclear. They could be indeed the producers of fish sauces or the mercatores in charge of the trading of the containers. Regarding Spanish fish foodstuffs import in Mutina, it is probable that they arrived at an Adriatic port, perhaps Ravenna or another harbour in the Po river delta, and were then carried along the Padan road system and its related waterway system.
This paper presents a proposal for cataloguing fictile instrumentum inscriptum through a relational database which takes into account both the archaeological and epigraphical aspects of this kind of documents, also paying particular attention to possible prosopographic comparisons with lapidary epigraphy.
The collection of these data allows the user to pursue socio-economic research on the basis of different criteria, which can be variously combined: geographical, typological, prosopographical and chronological. Three case studies show the usefulness of this tool both for analytical and statistical studies.
inoltre state proposte alcune riflessioni in merito alla presenza su due anfore rinvenute a Parma dell’indicazione Parmam, da interpretare probabilmente come il luogo di destinazione di tali contenitori.
In particular, the Baetican amphorae found during the excavation at Novi Sad Park, the reachest and most interesting archaeological context, amount to about the 8%, outlining a situation which can be quantitatively compared only to that of Parma, in the same region, and to that of Verona, in the Venetia region. Some of these containers bear painted inscriptions, which mention in the possessive case the Quinti Caecilii, whose function in unclear. They could be indeed the producers of fish sauces or the mercatores in charge of the trading of the containers. Regarding Spanish fish foodstuffs import in Mutina, it is probable that they arrived at an Adriatic port, perhaps Ravenna or another harbour in the Po river delta, and were then carried along the Padan road system and its related waterway system.
Le iscrizioni con funzione didascalico-esplicativa
Committente, destinatario, contenuto e descrizione dell'oggetto
nell'instrumentum inscriptum (Aquileia, 26-28 marzo 2015)
Per quanto riguarda l’Emilia, nuclei consistenti di anfore dei tipi Dressel 7-8 e 12 sono stati rinvenuti a Modena e a Parma. In particolare, dallo scavo di Modena, Parco Novi Sad e da due giacimenti a Parma, ossia quelli di via Palermo e di via Saffi, è venuto alla luce un nutrito gruppo di contenitori recanti tituli picti menzionanti il prodotto, ossia garum hispanum.
Scopo del mio intervento è una presentazione comparativa delle iscrizioni dipinte in questione, che mostrano – per quanto riguarda quelle rinvenute a Modena e a Parma, via Palermo – interessanti corrispondenze onomastiche. Si tenterà inoltre di ricostruire i probabili percorsi di arrivo dallo Stretto e di distribuzione di queste derrate all’interno della regio VIII.
Tale banca dati, che può essere utilizzata per qualsiasi realtà locale, è composta da tre tabelle correlate tra loro: «Schede di censimento», corredata di immagini fotografiche e disegni, «Bibliografia» e «Riscontri epigrafici», relativa alle attestazioni epigrafiche riguardanti i personaggi menzionati sui bolli, con particolare attenzione ai riscontri prosopografici locali.
In particolare, la tabella «Schede di censimento», che consta di campi dei tipi «lista a discesa», «casella di modifica» e «contenitore», è divisa in tre sezioni: una relativa al contesto geografico originario di rinvenimento con indicazione, ove possibile, della sigla identificativa della località nella Carta Archeologica georeferenziata di Modena e della provincia, la seconda sul supporto materiale del bollo – con definizione della tipologia ed indicazioni metrologiche – e la terza relativa al testo epigrafico e comprendente una trascrizione diacritica utilizzando il Font TTF per Legamenti bolli laterizi elaborato da Alfredo Furlan e disponibile gratuitamente registrandosi ad Archeologia Italiana Forum.
La raccolta e schedatura organica, al momento completa per quanto concerne il materiale laterizio, dell’instrumentum inscriptum di Modena – mediante sia lo spoglio bibliografico sia il riscontro autoptico del materiale conservato presso le Istituzioni museali in stretta collaborazione con la Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell’Emilia Romagna – ha lo scopo di meglio comprendere l’organizzazione e la portata dell’attività manifatturiera di Mutina anche in relazione ad altri settori dell’economia – quale, ad esempio, l’allevamento, vista l’esistenza dell’importante fiera-mercato dei Campi Macri – nonché di delineare i rapporti commerciali intrattenuti dalla colonia con le aree limitrofe o con cui era collegata tramite percorsi terrestri e d’acqua.
As for the territory of the Roman colony of Mutina, recent excavations (2009-2010) at “Novi Sad” Park, in an area that was 600 meters from the city walls, give us new interesting information about fish products importation. Among about a thousand of amphoras found in this site, Baetican Dressel 7-8 and Dressel 12 amount to about the 8%, outlining a situation similar to that of Parma, in the same region, and to that of Verona and Aquileia, in the Venetia region. Some of these amphoras bear painted inscriptions that give information about the product and the garum producers and traders; in particular, some of them bear the name in genitive of two persons – the Quinti Caecilii – which has comparison only on some containers of Parma and on an amphora found on the Magdalensberg. Furthermore, in “Novi Sad” Park site there are – though the data are partial because they are not included in the documentation of the excavation – at least twenty small adriatic amphoras, some of which bearing painted inscriptions and one of them a stamp, that is the only one known for the moment on this type of container.
The aim of the paper is to do a quantitative and qualitative analysis on fish sauces containers of “Novi Sad” Park and of the other sites of the territory of Mutina, also paying attention to the epigraphical apparatus, that appears mainly on Novi Sad materials, except for a small amphora conserved at Castelfranco Emilia that bears a double unpublished inscription. Thanks to this analysis it will be also possible to make some considerations on trade organization and routes of these kind of goods whose diffusion, unlike Baetican oil, wasn’t supervised by the annona.
25th CEIPAC Anniversary 1990 – 2015.
26 archaeological campaigns in the Monte Testaccio (Roma).