Mario Neve

Maps are still objects that arouse curiosity, but whose persuasive power is far from being widely recognized. Although they are used more than ever, every day, since their digital version on mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones makes it possible various uses, their true nature is still the domain of specialists, also due to the geographic illiteracy caused by recent educations' reforms.
In fact, maps have always passed confidence around in a particular worldview, so in a specific political reading of reality and, at times, have made possible its design.
Why then, "Europe's design"? Because this book chooses to follow the thread of the geographical representations of what is now called European identity, trying to show the role of maps both as a certification of a territorial domination in place and as a foreshadowing of a territory to be achieved.
In this book, one wonders: the Europe we know would have been the same without maps? How much of today's difficulty in imagining and implementing an effective European unity can be attributed to some sort of 'cartographic syndrome'?

Perchè studiare geografia? Cosa ha da dire la geografia di un mondo quotidianamente sotto gli occhi di tutti? Non è sufficiente viaggiare, guardare la televisione, navigare in Internet, leggere un giornale? Nonostante gli sforzi che anche in Italia i geografi stanno compiendo per far comprendere, oggi più che mai, l´importanza della geografia, le nuove generazioni appaiono, più delle precedenti, colpite da "analfabetismo geografico". E il mondo dell´informazione di massa non è da meno. Ripartendo dalla lezione della fenomenologia geografica, il testo si snoda nei percorsi della geografia contemporanea, cercando di far apparire quale ricchezza di idee, approcci, entusiasmi lo studio geografico del mondo possa suscitare, inaspettatamente, nei giovani e non solo. Gli interrogativi della geografia odierna sono gli interrogativi della nostra civiltà, quelli che si presentano negli interstizi della vita quotidiana, spesso inavvertiti come le parole scritte più in grande in una carta geografica. Fare geografia vuol dire porsi seriamente quelle domande che continuano a farci visita dopo esser tornati da un viaggio, dopo aver spento il televisore, il computer, dopo aver riposto il giornale.

Il concetto di paesaggio, che in geografia (e non solo) ha avuto e continua ad avere grande rilevanza, offre un notevole campo di riflessione quando incrociato con il concetto di mondo intermedio. Specialmente oggi, in cui l\u2019estrema difficolta\u300 di sviluppare pensieri che tengano conto dell\u2019intreccio complesso di scale dei processi in atto, e nell\u2019insostenibilita\u300 ormai conclamata di approcci che continuino a tenere separati i cosiddetti ambiti \u201cscientifico\u201d e \u201cumanistico\u201d, obbliga al ripensamento radicale degli strumenti concettuali. L\u2019ipotesi di fondo su cui poggiano queste note riguarda quel passaggio evolutivo in cui dalla fase di \uabspeciazione\ubb (circa 100 000 anni fa) e\u300 avve- nuta la \uabnascita cognitiva di Homo sapiens\ubb. In particolare, si sostiene che il meccanismo coevolutivo genetico e culturale sia stato innescato da un mutamento ambientale, o meglio, dalla risposta ad un cambiamento piuttosto radicale nel paesaggio di riferimento. La rimodulazione conseguente del corredo cognitivo di base ha originato la forma primordiale di cio\u300 che in geografia e\u300 stato codificato in eta\u300 moderna sotto il nome di \uabsituazione geografica\ubb, e che attraverso la scissione tra conoscenze e pratiche caratteritica della modernit\ue0 \ue8 stato disarticolato secondo i due livelli analitici qualitativo e quantitativo, quest'ultimo dominio quasi esclusivo della mappa. Il paesaggio, si potrebbe dire, sviluppa invece il lato qualitativo della situazione, rimettendo al centro la questione dell\u2019osservatore, del soggetto, che l\u2019informazione disincarnata della mappa sembra accantonare e rendere pressoche\u301 irrilevante, e per questo rivela molteplici fruttuose interferenze con la nozione di \uabmondo intermedio\ubb

La recensione del volume "Spazio e politica" ne evidenzia i meriti sia espositivi sia di attualit\ue0, nell'attenzione posta dagli autori alle tematiche contemporanee e alla letteratura internazionale in una visione interdisciplinare

I disastri e le calamità che con ossessiva ripetitività fanno da sfondo ostinato al flusso delle notizie sono designabili ormai come naturali solo a patto d'ignorare il percorso evolutivo che ha portato alla situazione che stiamo vivendo. In particolare, l'attuale pandemia come stress test del modello di sviluppo corrente, si presenta come una vera «catastrofe antropocenica». Come catastrofe, non soltanto nei suoi indubbi effetti drammatici nel quotidiano, ma anche nel senso di René Thom, come brusca discontinuità evolutiva, catastrofe di una rappresentazione del mondo. Antropocenica, perché, nonostante tale concetto sia ancora oggetto di dibattito, è difficile negare che il SARS-CoV-2 sia ascrivibile all'impatto delle attività umane. Il presente saggio cerca di inquadrare la pandemia all'interno del modello di territorialità di Claude Raffestin, nel tentativo di mostrare come il paradigma neoliberista abbia portato alle estreme conseguenze le proprie opzioni in term...

The issue of cultural heritage and the topical subject of \u201csmart cities\u201d don\u2019t seem to be a perfect match when it comes to the prevailing definitions of the nature of cities\u2019 smartness. The strong accent and focus on information production and management \u2014 then ICT centrality \u2014 in basically any mainstream definition of smart cities overemphasises the computing version of intelligence, a version which represents an enduring research study field of cognitive science: the idea that human cognition is basically dependent on logic and calculation, then it can be studied and simulated by computing machines. The essay adopts a different notion of smartness: one which associates brains, bodies, and things, according to the \u201cextended-distributed mind\u201d and \u201cmaterial engagement\u201d approaches. In such a perspective, urban cultural heritage reveals itself as the core of cities\u2019 intelligence: as the living interplay of bodies, minds, and urban built environment all interacting in giving birth to what is usually called \u201cintangible cultural heritage\u201d. To develop such an approach, focusing on the current trend of regeneration projects in Mediterranean cities, the essays at first debunks the idea of urban cultural heritage as an (almost exclusively) economic asset, which mistakes city\u2019s smartness (or \u201ccreativity\u201d) for the conscious dependency on monopoly rent market laws and tourism flows and fluctuations. Secondly, the essay presents an example of complexity of urban cultural heritage, namely the Italian one, outlining the cultural, geographical, and historical contexts from which it comes, in order to exemplify why considering to make a city \u2018smart\u2019 (or enhance its supposed smartness) in concentrating projects and resources primarily on ICT technologies is meaningless: because the relations put in place by urban cultural heritage are webs of connectivity to be studied taking into account their wholeness. Finally, on the ground of the underlying assumption that cities are the oldest known form and model of artificial intelligence (within the framework of the \u201cextended- distributed mind\u201d and \u201cmaterial engagement\u201d theories), the essay points out the urgent necessity of interdisciplinary research projects being able to look at the interrelations among all cities\u2019 parts (including peripheries, decaying zones, suburbs), to bring out the potential smartness any city has. Starting from urban cultural heritage as the very core of cities\u2019 mind, meant as a coevolving assemblage of built environment (urbs, the city of stones) and people (civitas, the city of human beings), research can play a major role in hampering the speculative exploitation of urban milieus

The intuition of something else. Geographical features of an
anthropocenic catastrophe
We are living in an age in which disasters are a basically constant backdrop of breaking news, but that can be named as natural provided only that we ignore the evolutionary path leading to the present situation.
Namely, the present pandemic – interpreted as a stress test of our model of development – shows itself as a real «anthropocenic catastrophe». As a catastrophe, not only because of its unquestionable tragic impact on lives, but also, following René Thom, as an abrupt evolutionary discontinuity, as a catastrophe of a representation of the world. Anthropocenic, because, despite the ongoing debate over such concept, it is hard to ascribe SARS- CoV-2 to nature.
The present essay aims at framing the pandemic within the model of territoriality by Claude Raffestin, showing how the neoliberal paradigm has taken to the extreme its choices in terms of blind trust in digitalisation and automation (algocracy), regarding decision-making, work, and health, so finally disrupting the evolutionary inner adjustment process through which territorialities have been able through time to settle singularities into a common framework.

This is the web version (http://whis.cssn.cn/sjs/sjs_xsdt/201601/t20160115_2828233.shtml, China Social Sciences Network) of the Chinese translation of the second lecture I held at the Shanghai Museum as part of e lectures' cycle on European Middle Ages urbanism at the Museum's invitation. The printed version was published on the Wenhui Daily. Late Middle Ages represent a crucial turning point in the evolution of European urbanism. The so called ’urban revolution’ (X century) entailed a series of changes at different societal levels — demography, governance, trade, cultural production —, which established long standing patterns characterising most of historic city centres' aesthetic impact and structure still today. In this lecture, they are presented some characteristics of such urban age, showing an increasing social recognition and acceptance of craft and intermediary skills and activities (artisans, merchants, bankers), which, by being organised in guilds, played a more and more decisive role in cities' decision-making.

Le carte geografiche sono oggetti che suscitano ancora curiosit\ue0, ma il cui potere persuasivo \ue8 tutt'altro che riconosciuto. Nonostante siano impiegate pi\uf9 che mai quotidianamente, da quando la loro versione digitale sui dispositivi mobili come tablet e smartphone ne rende possibile gli usi pi\uf9 svariati, la loro vera natura resta ancora dominio degli specialisti, anche grazie all'analfabetismo geografico indotto dalle riforme dell'istruzione. In effetti, le mappe hanno sempre fatto circolare fiducia in una determinata visione del mondo, quindi in una specifica lettura politica della realt\ue0 e, a volte, ne hanno reso possibile la progettazione. Perch\ue9 quindi \uabdisegno dell\u2019Europa\ubb? Perch\ue9 questo libro sceglie di seguire il filo conduttore delle rappresentazioni geografiche di ci\uf2 che oggi viene chiamata 'identit\ue0 europea', cercando di mostrare il ruolo delle mappe sia come certificazione di un dominio territoriale in atto sia come prefigurazione di un territorio da realizzare. In questo libro ci si chiede: l\u2019Europa che conosciamo sarebbe stata la stessa senza carte geografiche? Quanto delle odierne difficolt\ue0 nell\u2019immaginare e realizzare una effettiva unit\ue0 europea sono da attribuire a una sorta di \u2018sindrome cartografica\u2019

It is not unusual in the life of ideas that a better definition of a concept, or, even, a discipline, be given ‘from outside ’ the field of study itself, that is, by someone from outside the discipline. But, as one of the wittiest2 contemporary geographers put it: for geography this is the rule, not the exception. Because of its nature and origin, geography is like the Mediterranean Lingua Franca, which any mariner could understand and speak, at the same time, modifying and shaping this language to one's own mother language. According to a historian of philosophy, geography ‘makes connections visible ’ [sie macht Zusammenhänge sichtbar] (Holenstein 2004:7). Zusammenhang is a multifaceted term, also implying the meaning of ‘context’, referring both to the links and the frame: so borrowing a term coined by Paul Valéry, we could day that geography makes implexes3 visible. Zusammenhang is also a keyword in Alexander von Humboldt’s theory, the geographer who in the early 19th centur...

Il libro racconta tre modi tra i tanti possibili di intendere il viaggiare, lo spostarsi, il peregrinare. Il viaggio: poche parole come \u201cviaggio\u201d comprendono suggestioni a cos\uec ampio spettro che intessono l\u2019esperienza umana. Potranno essere ambigui viaggi della mente cui danno forma la pittura e altri modi di intendere un\u2019arte che si identifica via via con l\u2019esperienza; oppure viaggi misurati sulla forma simbolica della carta topografica in confronto alla realt\ue0 del trasferimento; o ancora, viaggi che mettono insieme mete geografiche e finalit\ue0 spirituali nell\u2019attitudine al pellegrinaggio. Ipotesi di viaggi e pellegrinaggi, religiosi o mondani, studiati in modo trasversale da un geografo (Mario Neve), una storica delle chiese (Elisabetta Marchetti) e uno storico dell\u2019arte (Gian Luca Tusini)

Un Grand Tour scrittorio dall'Italia all'Europa e ritorno, con partenza ed arrivo a Ravenna, per indagare cosa vuol dire patrimonio culturale, se riguarda esclusivamente le opere d'arte o l'architettura di pregio, cosa ha a che fare con il paesaggio e perch\ue9 l'Italia non pu\uf2 permettersi di ignorarlo

The fact that the world population is predominantly urban now, for the first time in human history, it is no longer a novelty for a few years. What is less known is the fact that the statistics refer to a concept of the city now out for well over time. The meaning of city indeed changed dramatically. The issue of urban cultural heritage itself concerns more and more countries of all continents. The theme of «creative cities» has been very developed and articulated since it was formulated, in particular by Charles Landry, in the eighties. Programs like the European Capitals of Culture certainly belong to this field, which are still a great ambition for many munici- palities since 1985. This theme, in a broad sense, also applies to other phenomena, less visible but no less important: those that reveal a general willingness, exacerbated by the crisis, to assume more and more a role of active citizenship. The Summer School of Bologna University – Ravenna Campus, in coordination with the...

A partire dal rapporto tra il fenomeno citt\ue0 e la sua rappresentazione, l\u2019articolo sviluppa una disa- mina dei pi\uf9 recenti tentativi di produrre rappresentazioni urbane che rendano conto della pluralit\ue0 ed eterogeneit\ue0 dei processi contemporanei, ponendo in rilievo le ragioni che impongono un cambiamen- to radicale di paradigma, in particolare per quanto riguarda la riproposizione di modelli e strumenti la cui applicazione critica, come nel caso dello strumento cartografico, si traduce il pi\uf9 delle volte in un atteggiamento \u2018riformista\u2019, che non riesce a cogliere gli aspetti inediti della situazione urbana attuale. Assuming the strong mutual relationship between the city and its representation, the paper deve- lops a concise review of the main attempts to account for the multiplicity and heterogeneity of today\u2019s urban processes. In this view, the paper mainly focuses on the theoretical issues hindering most of the models and tools employed to portr...

Ricezione dell'opera, scuole, riproduzione del personale scientifico: riflettendo su tre libri che hanno cambiato il modo di pensare la Geografia Coordina Franco Farinelli 10:30 – Saluti di apertura 11:00 – Claudio Cerreti e Claudio Minca presentano l'incontro 11:30 – Clara Copeta e Giulia de Spuches dialogano su Realtà sociali e paesaggio simbolico, di Denis Cosgrove (1984) 12:30 – Pausa e buffet 14:00 – Claudio Minca e Mario Neve dialogano su Le metafore della Terra, di Giuseppe Dematteis (1985) 15:00 – Claudio Cerreti ed Elena dell'Agnese dialogano su Per una geografia del potere, di Claude Raffestin (1981) 16:00 – Dibattito generale aperto al pubblico

This is the web version (http://whis.cssn.cn/sjs/sjs_xsdt/201601/t20160115_2828233.shtml, China Social Sciences Network) of the Chinese translation of the second lecture I held at the Shanghai Museum as part of e lectures' cycle on European Middle Ages urbanism at the Museum's invitation. The printed version was published on the Wenhui Daily. Late Middle Ages represent a crucial turning point in the evolution of European urbanism. The so called ’urban revolution’ (X century) entailed a series of changes at different societal levels — demography, governance, trade, cultural production —, which established long standing patterns characterising most of historic city centres' aesthetic impact and structure still today. In this lecture, they are presented some characteristics of such urban age, showing an increasing social recognition and acceptance of craft and intermediary skills and activities (artisans, merchants, bankers), which, by being organised in guilds, played a more and more decisive role in cities' decision-making.

Le carte geografiche sono oggetti che suscitano ancora curiosit\ue0, ma il cui potere persuasivo \ue8 tutt'altro che riconosciuto. Nonostante siano impiegate pi\uf9 che mai quotidianamente, da quando la loro versione digitale sui dispositivi mobili come tablet e smartphone ne rende possibile gli usi pi\uf9 svariati, la loro vera natura resta ancora dominio degli specialisti, anche grazie all'analfabetismo geografico indotto dalle riforme dell'istruzione. In effetti, le mappe hanno sempre fatto circolare fiducia in una determinata visione del mondo, quindi in una specifica lettura politica della realt\ue0 e, a volte, ne hanno reso possibile la progettazione. Perch\ue9 quindi \uabdisegno dell\u2019Europa\ubb? Perch\ue9 questo libro sceglie di seguire il filo conduttore delle rappresentazioni geografiche di ci\uf2 che oggi viene chiamata 'identit\ue0 europea', cercando di mostrare il ruolo delle mappe sia come certificazione di un dominio territoriale in atto sia come prefigurazione di un territorio da realizzare. In questo libro ci si chiede: l\u2019Europa che conosciamo sarebbe stata la stessa senza carte geografiche? Quanto delle odierne difficolt\ue0 nell\u2019immaginare e realizzare una effettiva unit\ue0 europea sono da attribuire a una sorta di \u2018sindrome cartografica\u2019

It is not unusual in the life of ideas that a better definition of a concept, or, even, a discipline, be given ‘from outside ’ the field of study itself, that is, by someone from outside the discipline. But, as one of the wittiest2 contemporary geographers put it: for geography this is the rule, not the exception. Because of its nature and origin, geography is like the Mediterranean Lingua Franca, which any mariner could understand and speak, at the same time, modifying and shaping this language to one's own mother language. According to a historian of philosophy, geography ‘makes connections visible ’ [sie macht Zusammenhänge sichtbar] (Holenstein 2004:7). Zusammenhang is a multifaceted term, also implying the meaning of ‘context’, referring both to the links and the frame: so borrowing a term coined by Paul Valéry, we could day that geography makes implexes3 visible. Zusammenhang is also a keyword in Alexander von Humboldt’s theory, the geographer who in the early 19th centur...

Il libro racconta tre modi tra i tanti possibili di intendere il viaggiare, lo spostarsi, il peregrinare. Il viaggio: poche parole come \u201cviaggio\u201d comprendono suggestioni a cos\uec ampio spettro che intessono l\u2019esperienza umana. Potranno essere ambigui viaggi della mente cui danno forma la pittura e altri modi di intendere un\u2019arte che si identifica via via con l\u2019esperienza; oppure viaggi misurati sulla forma simbolica della carta topografica in confronto alla realt\ue0 del trasferimento; o ancora, viaggi che mettono insieme mete geografiche e finalit\ue0 spirituali nell\u2019attitudine al pellegrinaggio. Ipotesi di viaggi e pellegrinaggi, religiosi o mondani, studiati in modo trasversale da un geografo (Mario Neve), una storica delle chiese (Elisabetta Marchetti) e uno storico dell\u2019arte (Gian Luca Tusini)

Un Grand Tour scrittorio dall'Italia all'Europa e ritorno, con partenza ed arrivo a Ravenna, per indagare cosa vuol dire patrimonio culturale, se riguarda esclusivamente le opere d'arte o l'architettura di pregio, cosa ha a che fare con il paesaggio e perch\ue9 l'Italia non pu\uf2 permettersi di ignorarlo

The fact that the world population is predominantly urban now, for the first time in human history, it is no longer a novelty for a few years. What is less known is the fact that the statistics refer to a concept of the city now out for well over time. The meaning of city indeed changed dramatically. The issue of urban cultural heritage itself concerns more and more countries of all continents. The theme of «creative cities» has been very developed and articulated since it was formulated, in particular by Charles Landry, in the eighties. Programs like the European Capitals of Culture certainly belong to this field, which are still a great ambition for many munici- palities since 1985. This theme, in a broad sense, also applies to other phenomena, less visible but no less important: those that reveal a general willingness, exacerbated by the crisis, to assume more and more a role of active citizenship. The Summer School of Bologna University – Ravenna Campus, in coordination with the...

ABSTRACT Mapping is not merely making maps. As demonstrated by a rich literature, mapping is an ancient cognitive activity, and its complexity as a process explains how troubling has always been for scholars to define it starting from the map as an object: indeed, mapping is quite an absolute metaphor in Hans Blumenberg's terms. Its main role has concerned (and still concerns) the production and conveying of spatial information. Spatial information is one of the most vital kinds of information for gathering and keeping human groups together, as far as relationships in their widest sense are involved. The present essay aims at showing how mapping works in setting milieus of individuation (following the insightful work of Simondon). In drawing mainly on the Simondon's concept of invention (along with the most recent literature on mapping), it is possible to show that the mapping is the leading information infrastructure at the root of the production of spatial information, that this feature has been made possible by the chimeric nature of mapping (combining logic and analogy), and that the radical novelty of the Geo-Web is based on the would-be solution to a problem already existing in the earliest examples of mapping.

Ricezione dell'opera, scuole, riproduzione del personale scientifico: riflettendo su tre libri che hanno cambiato il modo di pensare la Geografia Coordina Franco Farinelli 10:30 – Saluti di apertura 11:00 – Claudio Cerreti e Claudio Minca presentano l'incontro 11:30 – Clara Copeta e Giulia de Spuches dialogano su Realtà sociali e paesaggio simbolico, di Denis Cosgrove (1984) 12:30 – Pausa e buffet 14:00 – Claudio Minca e Mario Neve dialogano su Le metafore della Terra, di Giuseppe Dematteis (1985) 15:00 – Claudio Cerreti ed Elena dell'Agnese dialogano su Per una geografia del potere, di Claude Raffestin (1981) 16:00 – Dibattito generale aperto al pubblico

ABSTRACT Mapping is not merely making maps. As demonstrated by a rich literature, mapping is an ancient cognitive activity, and its complexity as a process explains how troubling has always been for scholars to define it starting from the map as an object: indeed, mapping is quite an absolute metaphor in Hans Blumenberg's terms. Its main role has concerned (and still concerns) the production and conveying of spatial information. Spatial information is one of the most vital kinds of information for gathering and keeping human groups together, as far as relationships in their widest sense are involved. The present essay aims at showing how mapping works in setting milieus of individuation (following the insightful work of Simondon). In drawing mainly on the Simondon's concept of invention (along with the most recent literature on mapping), it is possible to show that the mapping is the leading information infrastructure at the root of the production of spatial information, that this feature has been made possible by the chimeric nature of mapping (combining logic and analogy), and that the radical novelty of the Geo-Web is based on the would-be solution to a problem already existing in the earliest examples of mapping.

This is the web version (http://whis.cssn.cn/sjs/sjs_xsdt/201602/t20160226_2884818.shtml, China Social Sciences Network) of the Chinese translation of the third lecture I held at the Shanghai Museum as part of e lectures' cycle on European Middle Ages urbanism at the Museum's invitation.
The printed version was published on the Wenhui Daily.
The audience has been invited for a stroll through an ideal-typical European medieval town, exemplified by its main public places: the town hall, the cathedral, the piazza, the loggia, the porch. For each of them different examples have been shown, however all belonging to common patterns like a musical theme with variations, so well instancing the unity in variety that is the distinguishing feature of European cultural heritage.

This is the web version (http://whis.cssn.cn/sjs/sjs_xsdt/201601/t20160115_2828233.shtml, China Social Sciences Network) of the Chinese translation of the second lecture I held at the Shanghai Museum as part of e lectures' cycle on European Middle Ages urbanism at the Museum's invitation.
The printed version was published on the Wenhui Daily.
Late Middle Ages represent a crucial turning point in the evolution of European urbanism. The so called ’urban revolution’ (X century) entailed a series of changes at different societal levels — demography, governance, trade, cultural production —, which established long standing patterns characterising most of historic city centres' aesthetic impact and structure still today.
In this lecture, they are presented some characteristics of such urban age, showing an increasing social recognition and acceptance of craft and intermediary skills and activities (artisans, merchants, bankers), which, by being organised in guilds, played a more and more decisive role in cities' decision-making.

This is the revised text of a lecture given at the 4th session of the 31st Italian Geographical Congress (Milan, 2012 June 11-13).

Assuming the strong mutual relationship between the city and its representation, the paper develops a concise review of the main attempts to account for the multiplicity and heterogeneity of today’s urban processes. In this view, the paper mainly focuses on the theoretical issues hindering most of the models and tools employed to portray contemporary cities, specifically through the resources of data analysis and GIS.
The critical issue at stake here is that such tools cannot be simply ‘amended’ and/or ‘improved’, since, by their very nature, they face the reality simply trying to reduce its complexity, so taming its contradictions and seeming mismatches.

The fact that the world population is predominantly urban now, for the first time in human history, it is no longer a novelty for a few years. What is less known is the fact that the statistics refer to a concept of the city now out for well over time.
The meaning of city indeed changed dramatically. The issue of urban cultural heritage itself concerns more and more countries of all continents.
The theme of «creative cities» has been very developed and articulated since it was formulated, in particular by Charles Landry, in the eighties.
Programs like the European Capitals of Culture certainly belong to this field, which are still a great ambition for many munici- palities since 1985.
This theme, in a broad sense, also applies to other phenomena, less visible but no less important: those that reveal a general willingness, exacerbated by the crisis, to assume more and more a role of active citizenship.
The Summer School of Bologna University – Ravenna Campus, in coordination with the ISES Summer University (Institute for Social and European Studies and Corvinus University of Budapest), addresses this issue by following both paths: creative cities more traditionally designed, and new «creative communities», combining the theoretical and methodological perspec- tives with the analysis and development of practical case studies. The annual Summer School has the dual aim to train young scholars in this new vision of the urban, encouraging them to apply the new knowledge to their areas of study and intervention, and to foster debate and critical exchange between experts, scholars, and students.
The geographic area the program will primarily focus on is the Mediterranean (including the Adriatic-Ionian macro-region as the area of interest more immediate and specific), while the partner ISES will provide the program his long research and training experience on the area of Central Europe.