Abstract In early 1950s, Iannis Xenakis became the first composer to use stochastic processes to generate pieces of music, working by hand. The first entirely computer-generated composition was Illiac. Suite. for. String. Quartett,... more
Abstract In early 1950s, Iannis Xenakis became the first composer to use stochastic processes to generate pieces of music, working by hand. The first entirely computer-generated composition was Illiac. Suite. for. String. Quartett, realized by Lejaren Hiller in 1956 (Hiller, 1970, 1981). In Hiller's approach, all kinds of musical processes were coded and implemented by computer. In the '80s, David Cope created a computer-aided system allowing anyone to create new compositions in the styles of past composers.
Abstract Coupled Multiscale Simulation and Optimization in Nanoelectronics project isaMarie Curie RTN supported by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Research Programme of the EU.
The Authors Angela MarceUo Anile is presently Full Professor of Mathematical Physics at the University of Catania. He graduated in mathematics at Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa in 1970 and obtained a D.Phil, in physics at Oxford in 1974.... more
The Authors Angela MarceUo Anile is presently Full Professor of Mathematical Physics at the University of Catania. He graduated in mathematics at Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa in 1970 and obtained a D.Phil, in physics at Oxford in 1974. Since then he has been visiting scientist in many European and US universities. He has a wide range of research interests including applied mathematics, general relativity, fluid dynamics, plasma physics, nonlinear waves and mathematical modelling of semiconductors. He is a member of SIAM.
Abstract An important problem in the theory of cellular automata (CA) is the research of complex rules, the parameterization of the rule space, and the description of the CA dynamic behavior.
Recently many authors ((1) and quoted references) have put their attention on the more-dimensional evolution equations. Particularly on the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation that describes the one-dimensional propagation of water waves... more
Recently many authors ((1) and quoted references) have put their attention on the more-dimensional evolution equations. Particularly on the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation that describes the one-dimensional propagation of water waves subject to transversal disturbances (2).
Developments in computer networks offer not only a wide range of possibilities in terms of spreading knowledge, but also many problems about retrieving and obtaining stored informative contents, in which users are interested. It seems... more
Developments in computer networks offer not only a wide range of possibilities in terms of spreading knowledge, but also many problems about retrieving and obtaining stored informative contents, in which users are interested. It seems that such a networking environment could play an important role from an informative and educational point of view.
In this paper we describe an electrical network, whose current evolution does agree with a Korteweg—de Vries equation. Our aim is to prepare pupils to understand the analytical aspects of nonlinear and dispersive phenomena, which very... more
In this paper we describe an electrical network, whose current evolution does agree with a Korteweg—de Vries equation. Our aim is to prepare pupils to understand the analytical aspects of nonlinear and dispersive phenomena, which very often are neglected in high-school and graduate textbooks. Some historical remarks introduce the topic and a bibliography is provided.
In this paper, we present the k-totalistic class of Cellular Automata (CA), which we generate from evolutionary processes, giving rise to Artificial Micro-Worlds (AMW). Within these micro-worlds, we observe a huge range of... more
In this paper, we present the k-totalistic class of Cellular Automata (CA), which we generate from evolutionary processes, giving rise to Artificial Micro-Worlds (AMW). Within these micro-worlds, we observe a huge range of self-replicators and an equally huge range of models of self-replicating structures that behave like biological species.
As Wolfram classification of cellular automata, we have divided a taxonomy of Artificial Micro Worlds (AMWs) into four classes. In previous work, we have presented many examples of self-reproducers belonging to Class 1. In this paper, we... more
As Wolfram classification of cellular automata, we have divided a taxonomy of Artificial Micro Worlds (AMWs) into four classes. In previous work, we have presented many examples of self-reproducers belonging to Class 1. In this paper, we present a series of AMWs, belonging to Class 2 (complex AMWs which contain complex species of self-reproducers); Class 3 (which contains species of self-reproducers with chaotic behavior) and Class 4 (which contains species with hyper complex self-reproducers).
A genetic algorithm, with a fitness function based on input-entropy, was developed to search for rules with complex behaviour for multi-state CAs. The surprising presence of complex rules founded allows the observation that, in this... more
A genetic algorithm, with a fitness function based on input-entropy, was developed to search for rules with complex behaviour for multi-state CAs. The surprising presence of complex rules founded allows the observation that, in this context too, complexity organises itself through various behaviour of emergent structures, which interact within regular or uniform domains, creating many different configurations, previously noticed for elementary CAs.
Abstract In this paper we study the propagation of ion-acoustic waves in a collisionless plasma, when different scales of variation are imposed. A modified Reduction-Perturbation method is used to obtain a generalized... more
Abstract In this paper we study the propagation of ion-acoustic waves in a collisionless plasma, when different scales of variation are imposed. A modified Reduction-Perturbation method is used to obtain a generalized Kadometsev-Petviashvili equation, which reduces to a KP when a plane simmetry is assumed.
In the last years several authors have investigated the properties of the nonlinear transmission lines (NTL)(1-~). An interesting result is that when the nonlinearity balances the dispersion or dissipation, the propagation of... more
In the last years several authors have investigated the properties of the nonlinear transmission lines (NTL)(1-~). An interesting result is that when the nonlinearity balances the dispersion or dissipation, the propagation of small-amplitude large-wavelength waves is governed by a KdV (6, 7) or Burgers' equation (s), respectively. The effects of the inhomogeneities have been studied in (9.1~). In this paper we consider the NTL with inhomogcneities and with dissipative and s
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) represent a powerful mathematical tool for describing a wide class of phenomena, ranged from the waves in shallow water to the dynamics of plasmas, the toda lattice, etc. The key feature of... more
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) represent a powerful mathematical tool for describing a wide class of phenomena, ranged from the waves in shallow water to the dynamics of plasmas, the toda lattice, etc. The key feature of many of these equations is the presence of soliton-like solutions.
Abstract: One of the most remarkable features of the human mind is its creativity. During the course of this talk we shall be presenting some examples of the creative use of scientific models such as Chua's attractors and Cellular... more
Abstract: One of the most remarkable features of the human mind is its creativity. During the course of this talk we shall be presenting some examples of the creative use of scientific models such as Chua's attractors and Cellular Automata in design. Our aim is to offer an enlightening glimpse into the relationship between scientific research into dynamical systems and the translation of these results into other media.
Abstract In this letter we study the propagation of two-dimensional solitons in shallow water of variable depth, in case a relation between wave surfaces and variable depth exists. The existence of N-solitons and cnoidal waves is proved.... more
Abstract In this letter we study the propagation of two-dimensional solitons in shallow water of variable depth, in case a relation between wave surfaces and variable depth exists. The existence of N-solitons and cnoidal waves is proved. Finally energetic considerations are presented.
Résumé/Abstract Combining the ideas of hypersurface theory, ray theory and the method of asymptotic expansion of multiple scales, an approach is proposed to study the diffraction of a weakly non-linear high-frequency waves in a space-like... more
Résumé/Abstract Combining the ideas of hypersurface theory, ray theory and the method of asymptotic expansion of multiple scales, an approach is proposed to study the diffraction of a weakly non-linear high-frequency waves in a space-like direction transverse to its in a relativistic viscous fluid
Abstract. Chaotic systems can be used to generate sounds and music. Establishing a musical interaction with such systems is often a difficult task. Our research aims at improve the extent of interaction provided by a generative music... more
Abstract. Chaotic systems can be used to generate sounds and music. Establishing a musical interaction with such systems is often a difficult task. Our research aims at improve the extent of interaction provided by a generative music system by using an evolutionary methods. A musician can hear and imitate what the generative system produces; therefore, we are interested in defining a control strategy to allow the generative music system to imitate the musical gesture provided by the musician.
Abstract At the beginning of the 1950s, John von Neumann (1966) asked himself whether it is possible to design a machine with the ability to create exact copies of itself which would themselves have the ability to produce new copies. Such... more
Abstract At the beginning of the 1950s, John von Neumann (1966) asked himself whether it is possible to design a machine with the ability to create exact copies of itself which would themselves have the ability to produce new copies. Such a machine would have reproductive capabilities comparable to those we find in biological organisms. In this setting, von Neumann's goal was to design a Universal. Constructor capable of reading the instructions for, and assembling, any machine the designer might seek to build.
Abstract The basic mechanisms underlying development have long been a focus of attention for biological research. Development-or morphogenesis-involves a special sequence of transformations determined by a wide range of elementary... more
Abstract The basic mechanisms underlying development have long been a focus of attention for biological research. Development-or morphogenesis-involves a special sequence of transformations determined by a wide range of elementary processes. It is these processes-genetic regulation, changes in cell morphology, self-replication and proliferation of cells, cooperation among cells (Gierer and Meinhardt, 1972)-that allow organisms to adapt to their environment and to survive.
Summary Combining the ideas of hypersurface theory, ray theory and the method of asymptotic expansion, an approach is proposed to study non-linear waves of small but finite amplitude in a relativistic viscous fluid. We show as the first... more
Summary Combining the ideas of hypersurface theory, ray theory and the method of asymptotic expansion, an approach is proposed to study non-linear waves of small but finite amplitude in a relativistic viscous fluid. We show as the first order term of the asymptotic solutions satisfies an equation like the Burgers one.
UK PubMed Central (UKPMC) is an archive of life sciences journal literature.
Abstract After Wolfram's proposal, other authors analyzed systems of CAs and proposed their own classifications (Gutowitz 1990; Li, Packard, and Langton 1990). Kurka (1997) proposed to classify them in 5 groups, based on the structure of... more
Abstract After Wolfram's proposal, other authors analyzed systems of CAs and proposed their own classifications (Gutowitz 1990; Li, Packard, and Langton 1990). Kurka (1997) proposed to classify them in 5 groups, based on the structure of their attractors. Walker (1990) based his characterization on connected Boolean networks. Many other researchers proposed classifications based on rule sets governing the CAs' behavior (Barbe 1990; Jen 1990; McIntosh, 1990; Voorhees, 1990; Wootters & Langton 1990).
Abstract What are the mechanisms underlying biological systems' ability to transform themselves: the ability of structures to replicate for their own goals, or to meet the specific goals of the system or environment to which they belong?... more
Abstract What are the mechanisms underlying biological systems' ability to transform themselves: the ability of structures to replicate for their own goals, or to meet the specific goals of the system or environment to which they belong? What kind of evolutionary process underlies the emergence of the simple structures which joined together and replicated to produce the life on earth? How can we reproduce these functions in digital machines?
Abstract Our basic metaphor: in this chapter, we present a taxonomy of self-replicators-as if they were animals in a zoo. In the zoo, we play the role of an external observer (a zoologist) whose role is to describe the animals (artificial... more
Abstract Our basic metaphor: in this chapter, we present a taxonomy of self-replicators-as if they were animals in a zoo. In the zoo, we play the role of an external observer (a zoologist) whose role is to describe the animals (artificial organisms) and their behavior. Different species reproduce in different ways-some sexually, some asexually. We observe differences in their developmental dynamics and differences in the way they adapt to their environment.
Abstract It is widely recognized that the birth of modern science dates to the moment when Galileo first timed physical processes taking place in space. In biology, it is only recently that scientists have felt the need for experimental... more
Abstract It is widely recognized that the birth of modern science dates to the moment when Galileo first timed physical processes taking place in space. In biology, it is only recently that scientists have felt the need for experimental and mathematical methods describing the development of living organisms in terms of dynamic processes.
Abstract Structural models and patterns are vitally important for human beings. From birth, we base our emotional and cognitive representations of the external world on species-specific signals (the human face) and exploit these signals... more
Abstract Structural models and patterns are vitally important for human beings. From birth, we base our emotional and cognitive representations of the external world on species-specific signals (the human face) and exploit these signals to structure our instinctive behavior. The creation of cognitive patterns to represent the world lies at the very heart of human cognition.
Abstract There have been many attempts to understand complexity and to represent it in terms of computable quantities. To date, however, these attempts have had little success. Although we find complexity in a broad range of scientific... more
Abstract There have been many attempts to understand complexity and to represent it in terms of computable quantities. To date, however, these attempts have had little success. Although we find complexity in a broad range of scientific domains, precise definitions escape our grasp (Bak, 1996; Morin, 2001; Prigogine & Stengers, 1984).
Abstract The ingenuity of nature and the power of DNA have generated an infinite range of languages-including human language. The existence of these languages inspires us to design artificial cognitive systems whose dynamic interaction... more
Abstract The ingenuity of nature and the power of DNA have generated an infinite range of languages-including human language. The existence of these languages inspires us to design artificial cognitive systems whose dynamic interaction with the environment is grounded, at least to some extent, on the same basic laws. Modern scientific knowledge provides us with new opportunities to investigate and understand the logic underlying biological life.
Abstract In Complexity Science (Bak, 1996; Morin, 2001; Gell-Mann, 1994; Prigogine & Stengers, 1984) and Artificial Life (Langton, 1995; Adami, 1998), almost all attempts to simulate or synthesize living systems in new media are somehow... more
Abstract In Complexity Science (Bak, 1996; Morin, 2001; Gell-Mann, 1994; Prigogine & Stengers, 1984) and Artificial Life (Langton, 1995; Adami, 1998), almost all attempts to simulate or synthesize living systems in new media are somehow related to the influential work of John von Neumann (1966). These studies can be grouped into four basic categories (Sipper et al., 1998).
In this paper we consider a new series of evolution equations generalizing the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) and Burgers equations, and we report recent advances on these equations together with the physical phenomena where they arise. In... more
In this paper we consider a new series of evolution equations generalizing the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) and Burgers equations, and we report recent advances on these equations together with the physical phenomena where they arise. In particular we consider a generalized Burgers' equation and we sketch a method for solution in series by using the theory of Sobolevskij and Tanabe. Then we study the KdV equation with nonuniformity terms and we describe various physical interpretation of this equation.
Abstract The introduction in the University curricula of the new models of the complexity and chaos finds its right collocation in a course of Applied Mathematics, that pursues the aim of presenting, planning and in some case developing... more
Abstract The introduction in the University curricula of the new models of the complexity and chaos finds its right collocation in a course of Applied Mathematics, that pursues the aim of presenting, planning and in some case developing mathematical instruments and methods useful in applicative contexts.
Abstract. In recent years, the label agent, used to specify from simple system process to highly expert software/hardware collections, denoting an entity created to perform either a specific task or set of tasks, has been included in the... more
Abstract. In recent years, the label agent, used to specify from simple system process to highly expert software/hardware collections, denoting an entity created to perform either a specific task or set of tasks, has been included in the context of Artificial Intelligence. This trend takes place also in educational domain where agents are called Pedagogical Agents.
Abstract: In previous work, the authors explored the parameter space for Chua's circuit and its generalizations, discovering new routes to chaos, and nearly a thousand new attractors. These were obtained by varying the parameters of the... more
Abstract: In previous work, the authors explored the parameter space for Chua's circuit and its generalizations, discovering new routes to chaos, and nearly a thousand new attractors. These were obtained by varying the parameters of the physical circuit and of systems derived from it.
Summary The propagation and the interaction of cylindrical solitons in shallow vater of variable depth are studied. Starting from the cylindrically symmetric version of the equations describing long waves in a beach, a Korteweg-de Vries... more
Summary The propagation and the interaction of cylindrical solitons in shallow vater of variable depth are studied. Starting from the cylindrically symmetric version of the equations describing long waves in a beach, a Korteweg-de Vries equation type ψ τ+ 6ψψ ξ+ ψ ξξξ=− Γ (τ) ψ is derived. Since no exact analytical solution has been found to date for this equation, some remarkable cases in which the equation takes up a tractable form are analysed.
In this paper, we present an Edutainment (education plus entertainment) secondary school setting based on the construction of artifacts and manipulation of virtual contents (images, sound, and music) connected to Chaos. This interactive... more
In this paper, we present an Edutainment (education plus entertainment) secondary school setting based on the construction of artifacts and manipulation of virtual contents (images, sound, and music) connected to Chaos. This interactive learning environment also foresees the use of a virtual theatre, by which students can manipulate 3D contents (parameterized models of expressive faces called “Talking Heads”), in order to realize a computer performance on the explanation of Chaos concepts.
Abstract The CoMSON project is a distributed European research project that combines research efforts from both academia and industry. This project is distributed among eight institutions across Europe. The aim of this project is to... more
Abstract The CoMSON project is a distributed European research project that combines research efforts from both academia and industry. This project is distributed among eight institutions across Europe. The aim of this project is to implement an experimental simulation platform (in software code) for devices in micro and nano-electronics with an integrated e-learning system. This project has two main goals.
Abstract This chapter presents an artificial taxonomy of 2-D, self-replicating cellular automata (CA) that can be considered as proto-organisms for structure replication. We found that the process of self-reproduction is a widespread... more
Abstract This chapter presents an artificial taxonomy of 2-D, self-replicating cellular automata (CA) that can be considered as proto-organisms for structure replication. We found that the process of self-reproduction is a widespread mechanism. In fact, self-reproducers in 2-D CA are very common and we discovered almost 10 methods of self-replication. The structures these systems produce, from ordered to complex ones, are very similar to those found in biological endeavor.
Abstract. This chapter presents an innovative approach for the segmentation of brain images that contain multiple sclerosis (MS) white matter lesions. Quantitative research of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), aimed at detecting and... more
Abstract. This chapter presents an innovative approach for the segmentation of brain images that contain multiple sclerosis (MS) white matter lesions. Quantitative research of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI), aimed at detecting and studying lesion load and tissue volumes, has turned out to be very useful for the re-evaluation of patients and clinical assessment of therapy. Until now, the standard procedure for this purpose has been the manual delineation of MS lesions, which makes the analysis a time-consuming process.