Valentina Lucia La Rosa is a psychologist and is specialized in Psychotherapy. She is Member of the following Scientific Societies: Italian Association of Psychology (AIP); Lacanian School of Psychoanalysis (SLP); European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE); Italian Society of Human Reproduction (SIRU); Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS). Her research interests are quality of life, sexual function and psychological well-being in gynecological diseases. Phone: +390953782793 Address: Via Santa Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
The aim of this work is to propose a comment on the impact of different forms of child abuse. A m... more The aim of this work is to propose a comment on the impact of different forms of child abuse. A multidisciplinary approach (gynecological, psychological and pediatric) is important for an adequate diagnosis and an early recognition of the abuse in order to minimize the serious impact of child abuse on the physical and psychological wellbeing of the victims.
Purpose: Despite the numerous studies on the factors involved in the genesis and growth of uterin... more Purpose: Despite the numerous studies on the factors involved in the genesis and growth of uterine leiomyomas, the pathogenesis of these tumors remains unknown. Intrinsic abnormalities of the myometrium, abnormal myometrial receptors for estrogen, and hormonal changes or altered responses to ischemic damage during the menstrual period may be responsible for the initiation of (epi)genetic changes found in these tumors. Considering these elements, we aimed to offer an overview about epigenetic and genetic landscape of uterine leiomyomas. Methods: Narrative overview, synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases. Results: Several studies showed that leiomyomas have a monoclonal origin. Accumulating evidence converges on the risk factors and mechanisms of tumorigenesis: the transloca-tion t (12;14) and deletion of 7q were found in the highest percentages of recurrence; dysregulation of the HMGA2 gene has been mapped within the critical 12q14–q15 locus. Estrogen and progesterone are recognized as promoters of tumor growth, and the potential role of environmental estrogens has been poorly explored. The growth factors with mitogenic activity, such as transforming growth factor-β3, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and insulin like growth factor-I are elevated in fibroids and may have a role as effectors of the tumor promotion. Conclusion: The new clues on genetics and Depigenetics, as well as about the growth factors that control normal and pathological myometrial cellular biology may be of great help for the development of new effective and less invasive therapeutic strategies in the near future.
Hysteroscopic surgery is the actual gold standard treatment for several types of intrauterine pat... more Hysteroscopic surgery is the actual gold standard treatment for several types of intrauterine pathologies, including submucous myomas (SMs). To date, the availability of Hysteroscopic Tissue Removal systems (HTRs) opened a new scenario. Based on these elements, the aim of this article is to review the available evidence about HTRs for the management of SMs. We included 8 papers (3 prospective studies and 5 retrospective studies). A total of 283 women underwent intrauterine morcellation of SM: 208 were treated using MyoSure and 75 using Truclear 8.0. Only 3 articles reported data about procedures performed in outpatient/office setting. Only half of the included studies included type 2 SMs. HTRs significantly reduced operative time compared to traditional resectoscopy in some studies, whereas others did not find significant differences. Despite the availability of few randomized controlled trials and the cost of the instrument, according to our systematic review, the use of HTRs seems to be a feasible surgical option in terms of operative time and complications. Nevertheless, the type of SM still remains the biggest challenge: type 0 and 1 SMs are easier to manage with respect to type 2, reflecting what already is known for the " classic " hysteroscopic myomectomy.
The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of uterine artery embolizatio... more The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of uterine artery embolization on sexual function and psychological well-being of women affected from uterine fibroids.
The aim of this article is to propose a brief commentary about the impact of gynaecologic cancer ... more The aim of this article is to propose a brief commentary about the impact of gynaecologic cancer treatments on the reproductive capacity of affected women and the importance of the fertility preservation treatments to improve quality of life and psychological well-being. The experience of gynaecologic cancer and treatment affects sexual function and psychological wellbeing of patients. Therefore, the preservation of reproductive potential is central to quality of life. Despite the importance of fertility preservation for cancer survivors’ quality of life and psychological well-being, there is still little information about these treatments. We suggest that further studies about the impact on quality of life and psychological outcomes of fertility preservation counselling and fertility preservation treatments should be conducted.
Carcinosarcomas (CS) in gynecology are very infrequent and represent only 2–5% of uterine cancers... more Carcinosarcomas (CS) in gynecology are very infrequent and represent only 2–5% of uterine cancers. Despite surgical cytoreduction and subsequent chemotherapy being the primary treatment for uterine CS, the overall five-year survival rate is 30 ± 9% and recurrence is extremely common (50–80%). Due to the poor prognosis of CS, new strategies have been developed in the last few decades, targeting known dysfunctional molecular pathways for immunotherapy. In this paper, we aimed to gather the available evidence on the latest therapies for the treatment of CS. We performed a systematic review using the terms " uterine carcinosarcoma " , " uterine Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumors " , " target therapies " , " angiogenesis therapy " , " cancer stem cell therapy " , " prognostic biomarker " , and " novel antibody-drug ". Based on our results, the differential expression and accessibility of epithelial cell adhesion molecule-1 on metastatic/chemotherapy-resistant CS cells in comparison to normal tissues and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) open up new possibilities in the field of target therapy. Nevertheless, future investigations are needed to clarify the impact of these new therapies on survival rate and medium-/long-term outcomes.
Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases and affects ~10% of women in repro... more Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases and affects ~10% of women in reproductive age. The most common clinical signs of endometriosis are menstrual irregularities, chronic pelvic pain (CPP), dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and infertility. Symptoms of endometriosis often affect psychological and social functioning of patients. For this reason, endometriosis is considered as a disabling condition that may significantly compromise social relationships, sexuality and mental health. Considering this point, the aim of this narrative review is to elucidate the impact of anxiety and depression in the management of women with endometriosis. Psychological factors have an important role in determining the severity of symptoms, and women who suffer from endometriosis report high levels of anxiety, depression and other psychiatric disorders. In addition, endometriosis is one of the most important causes of CPP; women with endometriosis suffer from a wide range of pelvic pain such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, nonmenstrual (chronic) pelvic pain, pain at ovulation, dyschezia and dysuria. Several studies have underlined the influence of CPP on quality of life and psychological well-being of women with endometriosis. Data suggest that the experience of pelvic pain is an important component of endometriosis and may significantly affect emotive functioning of affected women. It has been demonstrated that high levels of anxiety and depression can amplify the severity of pain. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between psychological factors and perception of pain. Treatment of endometriosis may be hormonal or surgical. Surgery is the primary treatment for more severe forms of endometriosis. There are few data in the literature about the influence of psychological factors and psychiatric comorbidities on the effectiveness of treatments. It is important to evaluate the presence of previous psychiatric diseases in order to select the most appropriate treatment for the patient.
Objectives: we aimed to report our experience about congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (... more Objectives: we aimed to report our experience about congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) that is a rare and fatal congenital anomaly; laryngeal atresia is the most frequent cause. Sonographic findings are enlarged echogenic lungs, dilated trachea, and ascites. Methods: we performed a single-center case series analysis collecting antenatally through ultrasound examination, and some of them confirmed by autopsy. Results: we report six cases of CHAOS diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography between 2007 and 2013. Conclusion: to date literature provides very few individual case reports. This work describes typical sonographic findings of this syndrome and it underlines the importance of early prenatal diagnosis to improve prognosis thought an ex utero intrapartum treatment, that seems to be the only chance of survival for the affected fetus.
PURPOSE:
Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic pain syndrome and a... more PURPOSE: Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic pain syndrome and a chronic inflammatory condition prevalent in women that leads to urgency, sleep disruption, nocturia and pain in the pelvic area, to the detriment of the sufferer's quality of life. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic techniques. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was performed on MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases gathering all literature about "Interstitial cystitis" and "Painful Bladder Syndrome". Visual analogue scales, epidemiological strategies, pain questionnaires and similar techniques were not included in this literature survey. RESULTS: The etiology, exact diagnosis and epidemiology of IC/PBS are still not clearly understood. To date, its prevalence is estimated to be in the range of 45 per 100,000 women and 8 per 100,000 men, whereas joint prevalence in both sexes is 10.6 cases per 100,000. There are no "gold standards" in the diagnosis or detection of IC/PBS, therefore, several etiological theories were investigated, such as permeability, glycosaminoglycans, mast cell, infection and neuroendocrine theory to find new diagnostic strategies and potential biomarkers. CONCLUSION: Due to the fact that this disease is of an intricate nature, and that many of its symptoms overlap with other concomitant diseases, it could be suggested to classify the patients with emphasis on the phenotype, as well as their symptom clusters, to tailor the diagnostic and management choices according to the observed biomarkers.
Placenta is the crucial organ for embryo and fetus development and plays a critical role in the d... more Placenta is the crucial organ for embryo and fetus development and plays a critical role in the development of fetal growth restriction (FGR). There are increasing evidences on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a variety of pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia and FGR. More than 1880 miRNAs have been reported in humans and most of them are expressed in placenta. In this paper, we aimed to review the current evidence about the topic. According to retrieved data, controversial results about placental expression of miRNAs could be due (at least in part) to the different experimental methods used by different groups. Despite the fact that several authors have demonstrated a relatively easy and feasible detection of some miRNAs in maternal whole peripheral blood, costs of these tests should be reduced in order to increase cohorts and have stronger evidence. In this regard, we take the opportunity to solicit future studies on large cohort and adequate statistical power, in order to identify a panel of biomarkers on maternal peripheral blood for early diagnosis of FGR.
In the last decade the use of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) significantly increased and,... more In the last decade the use of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) significantly increased and, due to the improved quality of the procedures and management of patients, it has led to progressively better outcomes. In parallel, the latest literature data show an increased incidence of ovarian cancer, that to date does not have a protocol with high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis. Considering the accumulating evidence about the etiology of ovarian cancer, it has been postulated a correlation between the increasing use of necessary and propaedeutic pharmacological treatments for ART and the increased incidence of this tumor. Despite the current data in the literature do not allow to draw definitive conclusions, the aim of this work is to propose a brief comment on the possible correlation between fertility treatments and the occurrence of ovarian cancer, particularly in women with BRCA mutations.
The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of pelvic organ prolapse on t... more The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of pelvic organ prolapse on the quality of life and the psychological well-being of the affected women.
Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological diseases and has an incidence of about 6%-... more Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological diseases and has an incidence of about 6%-10% in women of reproductive age. It has been estimated that 50% of women with fertility problems have endometriosis. The management of infertility associated with endometriosis is difficult and controversial and it is important to provide a multidisciplinary approach in order to reduce the impact of these diseases on psychological and emotive well-being of affected women, as much as possible.
The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of endometriosis on quality o... more The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of endometriosis on quality of life and psychological well-being of women affected.
The aim of this work is to propose a comment on the impact of different forms of child abuse. A m... more The aim of this work is to propose a comment on the impact of different forms of child abuse. A multidisciplinary approach (gynecological, psychological and pediatric) is important for an adequate diagnosis and an early recognition of the abuse in order to minimize the serious impact of child abuse on the physical and psychological wellbeing of the victims.
Purpose: Despite the numerous studies on the factors involved in the genesis and growth of uterin... more Purpose: Despite the numerous studies on the factors involved in the genesis and growth of uterine leiomyomas, the pathogenesis of these tumors remains unknown. Intrinsic abnormalities of the myometrium, abnormal myometrial receptors for estrogen, and hormonal changes or altered responses to ischemic damage during the menstrual period may be responsible for the initiation of (epi)genetic changes found in these tumors. Considering these elements, we aimed to offer an overview about epigenetic and genetic landscape of uterine leiomyomas. Methods: Narrative overview, synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases. Results: Several studies showed that leiomyomas have a monoclonal origin. Accumulating evidence converges on the risk factors and mechanisms of tumorigenesis: the transloca-tion t (12;14) and deletion of 7q were found in the highest percentages of recurrence; dysregulation of the HMGA2 gene has been mapped within the critical 12q14–q15 locus. Estrogen and progesterone are recognized as promoters of tumor growth, and the potential role of environmental estrogens has been poorly explored. The growth factors with mitogenic activity, such as transforming growth factor-β3, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and insulin like growth factor-I are elevated in fibroids and may have a role as effectors of the tumor promotion. Conclusion: The new clues on genetics and Depigenetics, as well as about the growth factors that control normal and pathological myometrial cellular biology may be of great help for the development of new effective and less invasive therapeutic strategies in the near future.
Hysteroscopic surgery is the actual gold standard treatment for several types of intrauterine pat... more Hysteroscopic surgery is the actual gold standard treatment for several types of intrauterine pathologies, including submucous myomas (SMs). To date, the availability of Hysteroscopic Tissue Removal systems (HTRs) opened a new scenario. Based on these elements, the aim of this article is to review the available evidence about HTRs for the management of SMs. We included 8 papers (3 prospective studies and 5 retrospective studies). A total of 283 women underwent intrauterine morcellation of SM: 208 were treated using MyoSure and 75 using Truclear 8.0. Only 3 articles reported data about procedures performed in outpatient/office setting. Only half of the included studies included type 2 SMs. HTRs significantly reduced operative time compared to traditional resectoscopy in some studies, whereas others did not find significant differences. Despite the availability of few randomized controlled trials and the cost of the instrument, according to our systematic review, the use of HTRs seems to be a feasible surgical option in terms of operative time and complications. Nevertheless, the type of SM still remains the biggest challenge: type 0 and 1 SMs are easier to manage with respect to type 2, reflecting what already is known for the " classic " hysteroscopic myomectomy.
The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of uterine artery embolizatio... more The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of uterine artery embolization on sexual function and psychological well-being of women affected from uterine fibroids.
The aim of this article is to propose a brief commentary about the impact of gynaecologic cancer ... more The aim of this article is to propose a brief commentary about the impact of gynaecologic cancer treatments on the reproductive capacity of affected women and the importance of the fertility preservation treatments to improve quality of life and psychological well-being. The experience of gynaecologic cancer and treatment affects sexual function and psychological wellbeing of patients. Therefore, the preservation of reproductive potential is central to quality of life. Despite the importance of fertility preservation for cancer survivors’ quality of life and psychological well-being, there is still little information about these treatments. We suggest that further studies about the impact on quality of life and psychological outcomes of fertility preservation counselling and fertility preservation treatments should be conducted.
Carcinosarcomas (CS) in gynecology are very infrequent and represent only 2–5% of uterine cancers... more Carcinosarcomas (CS) in gynecology are very infrequent and represent only 2–5% of uterine cancers. Despite surgical cytoreduction and subsequent chemotherapy being the primary treatment for uterine CS, the overall five-year survival rate is 30 ± 9% and recurrence is extremely common (50–80%). Due to the poor prognosis of CS, new strategies have been developed in the last few decades, targeting known dysfunctional molecular pathways for immunotherapy. In this paper, we aimed to gather the available evidence on the latest therapies for the treatment of CS. We performed a systematic review using the terms " uterine carcinosarcoma " , " uterine Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumors " , " target therapies " , " angiogenesis therapy " , " cancer stem cell therapy " , " prognostic biomarker " , and " novel antibody-drug ". Based on our results, the differential expression and accessibility of epithelial cell adhesion molecule-1 on metastatic/chemotherapy-resistant CS cells in comparison to normal tissues and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) open up new possibilities in the field of target therapy. Nevertheless, future investigations are needed to clarify the impact of these new therapies on survival rate and medium-/long-term outcomes.
Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases and affects ~10% of women in repro... more Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases and affects ~10% of women in reproductive age. The most common clinical signs of endometriosis are menstrual irregularities, chronic pelvic pain (CPP), dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and infertility. Symptoms of endometriosis often affect psychological and social functioning of patients. For this reason, endometriosis is considered as a disabling condition that may significantly compromise social relationships, sexuality and mental health. Considering this point, the aim of this narrative review is to elucidate the impact of anxiety and depression in the management of women with endometriosis. Psychological factors have an important role in determining the severity of symptoms, and women who suffer from endometriosis report high levels of anxiety, depression and other psychiatric disorders. In addition, endometriosis is one of the most important causes of CPP; women with endometriosis suffer from a wide range of pelvic pain such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, nonmenstrual (chronic) pelvic pain, pain at ovulation, dyschezia and dysuria. Several studies have underlined the influence of CPP on quality of life and psychological well-being of women with endometriosis. Data suggest that the experience of pelvic pain is an important component of endometriosis and may significantly affect emotive functioning of affected women. It has been demonstrated that high levels of anxiety and depression can amplify the severity of pain. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between psychological factors and perception of pain. Treatment of endometriosis may be hormonal or surgical. Surgery is the primary treatment for more severe forms of endometriosis. There are few data in the literature about the influence of psychological factors and psychiatric comorbidities on the effectiveness of treatments. It is important to evaluate the presence of previous psychiatric diseases in order to select the most appropriate treatment for the patient.
Objectives: we aimed to report our experience about congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (... more Objectives: we aimed to report our experience about congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) that is a rare and fatal congenital anomaly; laryngeal atresia is the most frequent cause. Sonographic findings are enlarged echogenic lungs, dilated trachea, and ascites. Methods: we performed a single-center case series analysis collecting antenatally through ultrasound examination, and some of them confirmed by autopsy. Results: we report six cases of CHAOS diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography between 2007 and 2013. Conclusion: to date literature provides very few individual case reports. This work describes typical sonographic findings of this syndrome and it underlines the importance of early prenatal diagnosis to improve prognosis thought an ex utero intrapartum treatment, that seems to be the only chance of survival for the affected fetus.
PURPOSE:
Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic pain syndrome and a... more PURPOSE: Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic pain syndrome and a chronic inflammatory condition prevalent in women that leads to urgency, sleep disruption, nocturia and pain in the pelvic area, to the detriment of the sufferer's quality of life. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic techniques. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was performed on MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases gathering all literature about "Interstitial cystitis" and "Painful Bladder Syndrome". Visual analogue scales, epidemiological strategies, pain questionnaires and similar techniques were not included in this literature survey. RESULTS: The etiology, exact diagnosis and epidemiology of IC/PBS are still not clearly understood. To date, its prevalence is estimated to be in the range of 45 per 100,000 women and 8 per 100,000 men, whereas joint prevalence in both sexes is 10.6 cases per 100,000. There are no "gold standards" in the diagnosis or detection of IC/PBS, therefore, several etiological theories were investigated, such as permeability, glycosaminoglycans, mast cell, infection and neuroendocrine theory to find new diagnostic strategies and potential biomarkers. CONCLUSION: Due to the fact that this disease is of an intricate nature, and that many of its symptoms overlap with other concomitant diseases, it could be suggested to classify the patients with emphasis on the phenotype, as well as their symptom clusters, to tailor the diagnostic and management choices according to the observed biomarkers.
Placenta is the crucial organ for embryo and fetus development and plays a critical role in the d... more Placenta is the crucial organ for embryo and fetus development and plays a critical role in the development of fetal growth restriction (FGR). There are increasing evidences on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a variety of pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia and FGR. More than 1880 miRNAs have been reported in humans and most of them are expressed in placenta. In this paper, we aimed to review the current evidence about the topic. According to retrieved data, controversial results about placental expression of miRNAs could be due (at least in part) to the different experimental methods used by different groups. Despite the fact that several authors have demonstrated a relatively easy and feasible detection of some miRNAs in maternal whole peripheral blood, costs of these tests should be reduced in order to increase cohorts and have stronger evidence. In this regard, we take the opportunity to solicit future studies on large cohort and adequate statistical power, in order to identify a panel of biomarkers on maternal peripheral blood for early diagnosis of FGR.
In the last decade the use of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) significantly increased and,... more In the last decade the use of assisted reproduction techniques (ART) significantly increased and, due to the improved quality of the procedures and management of patients, it has led to progressively better outcomes. In parallel, the latest literature data show an increased incidence of ovarian cancer, that to date does not have a protocol with high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis. Considering the accumulating evidence about the etiology of ovarian cancer, it has been postulated a correlation between the increasing use of necessary and propaedeutic pharmacological treatments for ART and the increased incidence of this tumor. Despite the current data in the literature do not allow to draw definitive conclusions, the aim of this work is to propose a brief comment on the possible correlation between fertility treatments and the occurrence of ovarian cancer, particularly in women with BRCA mutations.
The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of pelvic organ prolapse on t... more The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of pelvic organ prolapse on the quality of life and the psychological well-being of the affected women.
Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological diseases and has an incidence of about 6%-... more Endometriosis is one of the most common gynaecological diseases and has an incidence of about 6%-10% in women of reproductive age. It has been estimated that 50% of women with fertility problems have endometriosis. The management of infertility associated with endometriosis is difficult and controversial and it is important to provide a multidisciplinary approach in order to reduce the impact of these diseases on psychological and emotive well-being of affected women, as much as possible.
The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of endometriosis on quality o... more The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of endometriosis on quality of life and psychological well-being of women affected.
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Papers by Valentina Lucia La Rosa
endometriosis is considered as a disabling condition that may significantly compromise social relationships, sexuality and mental health. Considering this point, the aim of this narrative review is to elucidate the impact of anxiety and depression in the management of women with endometriosis. Psychological factors have an important role in determining the severity of symptoms, and women who suffer from endometriosis report high levels of anxiety, depression and other psychiatric disorders. In addition, endometriosis is one of the most important causes of CPP; women with endometriosis suffer from a wide range of pelvic pain such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, nonmenstrual (chronic) pelvic pain, pain at ovulation, dyschezia and dysuria. Several studies have underlined the influence of CPP on quality of life and psychological well-being
of women with endometriosis. Data suggest that the experience of pelvic pain is an important component of endometriosis and may significantly affect emotive functioning of affected women. It has been demonstrated that high levels of anxiety and depression can amplify the severity of pain. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between psychological factors and perception of pain. Treatment of endometriosis may be hormonal or surgical. Surgery is the primary treatment for more severe forms of endometriosis. There are few data in the literature about the influence of psychological factors and psychiatric comorbidities on the effectiveness of treatments. It is important to evaluate the presence of previous psychiatric
diseases in order to select the most appropriate treatment for the patient.
Sonographic findings are enlarged echogenic lungs, dilated trachea, and ascites.
Methods: we performed a single-center case series analysis collecting antenatally through ultrasound examination, and some of them confirmed by autopsy.
Results: we report six cases of CHAOS diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography between 2007 and 2013.
Conclusion: to date literature provides very few individual case reports. This work describes typical sonographic findings of this syndrome and it underlines the importance of early prenatal diagnosis to improve prognosis thought an ex utero intrapartum treatment, that seems to be the only chance of survival for the affected fetus.
Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic pain syndrome and a chronic inflammatory condition prevalent in women that leads to urgency, sleep disruption, nocturia and pain in the pelvic area, to the detriment of the sufferer's quality of life. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic techniques.
METHODS:
A comprehensive literature review was performed on MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases gathering all literature about "Interstitial cystitis" and "Painful Bladder Syndrome". Visual analogue scales, epidemiological strategies, pain questionnaires and similar techniques were not included in this literature survey.
RESULTS:
The etiology, exact diagnosis and epidemiology of IC/PBS are still not clearly understood. To date, its prevalence is estimated to be in the range of 45 per 100,000 women and 8 per 100,000 men, whereas joint prevalence in both sexes is 10.6 cases per 100,000. There are no "gold standards" in the diagnosis or detection of IC/PBS, therefore, several etiological theories were investigated, such as permeability, glycosaminoglycans, mast cell, infection and neuroendocrine theory to find new diagnostic strategies and potential biomarkers.
CONCLUSION:
Due to the fact that this disease is of an intricate nature, and that many of its symptoms overlap with other concomitant diseases, it could be suggested to classify the patients with emphasis on the phenotype, as well as their symptom clusters, to tailor the diagnostic and management choices according to the observed biomarkers.
endometriosis is considered as a disabling condition that may significantly compromise social relationships, sexuality and mental health. Considering this point, the aim of this narrative review is to elucidate the impact of anxiety and depression in the management of women with endometriosis. Psychological factors have an important role in determining the severity of symptoms, and women who suffer from endometriosis report high levels of anxiety, depression and other psychiatric disorders. In addition, endometriosis is one of the most important causes of CPP; women with endometriosis suffer from a wide range of pelvic pain such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, nonmenstrual (chronic) pelvic pain, pain at ovulation, dyschezia and dysuria. Several studies have underlined the influence of CPP on quality of life and psychological well-being
of women with endometriosis. Data suggest that the experience of pelvic pain is an important component of endometriosis and may significantly affect emotive functioning of affected women. It has been demonstrated that high levels of anxiety and depression can amplify the severity of pain. Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between psychological factors and perception of pain. Treatment of endometriosis may be hormonal or surgical. Surgery is the primary treatment for more severe forms of endometriosis. There are few data in the literature about the influence of psychological factors and psychiatric comorbidities on the effectiveness of treatments. It is important to evaluate the presence of previous psychiatric
diseases in order to select the most appropriate treatment for the patient.
Sonographic findings are enlarged echogenic lungs, dilated trachea, and ascites.
Methods: we performed a single-center case series analysis collecting antenatally through ultrasound examination, and some of them confirmed by autopsy.
Results: we report six cases of CHAOS diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography between 2007 and 2013.
Conclusion: to date literature provides very few individual case reports. This work describes typical sonographic findings of this syndrome and it underlines the importance of early prenatal diagnosis to improve prognosis thought an ex utero intrapartum treatment, that seems to be the only chance of survival for the affected fetus.
Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic pain syndrome and a chronic inflammatory condition prevalent in women that leads to urgency, sleep disruption, nocturia and pain in the pelvic area, to the detriment of the sufferer's quality of life. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic techniques.
METHODS:
A comprehensive literature review was performed on MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases gathering all literature about "Interstitial cystitis" and "Painful Bladder Syndrome". Visual analogue scales, epidemiological strategies, pain questionnaires and similar techniques were not included in this literature survey.
RESULTS:
The etiology, exact diagnosis and epidemiology of IC/PBS are still not clearly understood. To date, its prevalence is estimated to be in the range of 45 per 100,000 women and 8 per 100,000 men, whereas joint prevalence in both sexes is 10.6 cases per 100,000. There are no "gold standards" in the diagnosis or detection of IC/PBS, therefore, several etiological theories were investigated, such as permeability, glycosaminoglycans, mast cell, infection and neuroendocrine theory to find new diagnostic strategies and potential biomarkers.
CONCLUSION:
Due to the fact that this disease is of an intricate nature, and that many of its symptoms overlap with other concomitant diseases, it could be suggested to classify the patients with emphasis on the phenotype, as well as their symptom clusters, to tailor the diagnostic and management choices according to the observed biomarkers.