Seed transport by hydrochory is a key mechanism of long‐distance dispersal constrained by attribu... more Seed transport by hydrochory is a key mechanism of long‐distance dispersal constrained by attributes of the seed and hydrodynamics of the river, influenced by seasonal precipitation and hydrological pulses. However, the extent to which a hydrodynamic model can predict seed dispersal influenced by a tributary is unknown. The study was conducted along a 10‐km stretch of the Falsino River in Amapá, Brazil. Hydrodynamic parameters from the 2021 rainy season were used to calibrate a three‐dimensional numerical model (SisBaHia) and simulate hydrochory of Macrolobium bifolium, a widely distributed species in the Amazon floodplains. This model was coupled with a Lagrangian dispersal model to estimate the average transport distance of the fruit plume. The simulated results were compared statistically with those of dispersal quantified in the field. The field experiment coincided with the maximum hydrological pulse, providing with a maximum potential distance of longitudinal dispersal fruit of c. 10 km in 2 hr. The orders of magnitude of the mean plume transport (observed and numerically simulated centre of mass) were compatible with each other over six longitudinal tracking sections (4.0% ≤ estimated × observed error ≤ 16.5%). Different channel stretches had distinct hydraulic characteristics that influenced spatial dispersal dynamics and are likely to be factors influencing the distribution of M. bifolium in these environments. The present research is a contribution to understanding fluvial hydrodynamics and hydrochory by M. bifolium, whose seed dispersal syndrome is an adaptive characteristic that might explain its abundance and richness in these Amazonian riparian zones. We used M. bifolium as a model species to understand the role of seasonal flood pulse and fluvial hydrodynamics related to hydrochory favouring.
SummaryGazetting and maintaining protected areas (PAs) are political processes and, as such, depe... more SummaryGazetting and maintaining protected areas (PAs) are political processes and, as such, depend on wider society’s support in order to achieve their aims. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of gender, education, age, income, place of origin and place of residence on public support for PAs in the Brazilian state of Amapá, a new tropical forest frontier. We gathered 615 complete interviews with adults living in both rural and urban settings. We found that most (90.5%) of the participants support PAs and that this attitude is more likely to exist among urban than rural participants. We found that gender, education, age, income and place of origin did not influence support for PAs. Biodiversity conservation is the most common reason why PAs receive public support. In contrast, participants who do not favour PAs see them as providing no benefit to people. We suggest that support by local political leaders from dominant and rival political parties for conservation helps to promote acceptance of PAs by stakeholders. However, relatively low support for PAs among rural participants could indicate that the expectations of these populations regarding the social benefits associated with this conservation policy have yet to be fulfilled.
RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi correlacionar indicadores operacionais de abastecimento de água... more RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi correlacionar indicadores operacionais de abastecimento de água com a frequência de doenças de notificação compulsória de transmissão hídrica em seis municípios do estado do Amapá, Brasil. A metodologia consistiu no tratamento estatístico de dados de doenças de notificação compulsória de transmissão hídrica, disponibilizados pela Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde do Amapá (período de 2007 a 2017), com indicadores operacionais de abastecimento de água consolidados pelo Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (período de 1996 a 2017). Os resultados mostraram, por meio de séries de regressões, que seis entre 20 indicadores operacionais apresentaram significância e correlação positiva com a ocorrência de doenças diarreicas agudas, independentemente do município (Raj2 = 0,75, p < 0,05), com tendência progressiva em relação à expansão dos serviços de saneamento básico. Conclui-se que os seis indicadores operacionais apresentaram correlaç...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022
Countries participating in the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization have few options for the en... more Countries participating in the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization have few options for the environmentally appropriate final disposal of municipal solid waste. Thus, sustainable practices aimed at reducing the negative effects of such a disposal on the environment are complex and hard to accomplish, since solid waste generation per capita proportionally increases as populations grow (≈ 2.7% > world average), mainly in countries inserted in Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization. Thus, demographic, socioeconomic, management, and ecological factors represented by 18 independent variables were statistically analyzed to explain waste per capita variation in Amazonian countries and sub-regions. Multiple Kruskal–Wallis tests were applied; 13 of them recorded significant results (p < 0.05). Subsequently, simple and multivariate regression analyses were carried out by taking into consideration waste per capita and significant variables. Simple regression results recorded for variables “IAC” and “Gini index” were significant (RIAC2 = 60.09%, RGini2 = 30.83%), with emphasis on “Amazon biome” (DF = 33, p < 0.01, RBiome2 = 5.34%). Multivariate models resulted in wide explainability variation, depending on the number and type of available variable (54.47% ≤ Raj2 ≤ 70.83%), with emphasis on “IAC,” “Ptot,” “Purb,” “Wton,” “Lon,” Area, “HDI,” “Gini,” and “SDG11” (p < 0.01). In conclusion, waste per capita estimation models can present variations and geographical interdependencies due to different variables and factors that reflect the current public policies and municipal solid waste management practices.
Large ships are efficient in transporting oil and its derivatives. However, they can cause spills... more Large ships are efficient in transporting oil and its derivatives. However, they can cause spills in the event of accidents. The aim of the study is to simulate oil dispersion processes in scenarios of likely accidents with ships traveling on sea routes interconnected with Amazonian ports and with the Atlantic Ocean. Navigation routes were based on traffic data to identify risk areas, as well as to compare them to data from the environmental (oil) sensitivity index and to results of numerical simulations of plumes dispersion. These three approaches were integrated to each other in order to assess potential environmental impacts of plumes on coastal biota and human populations. Scenarios results have indicated that the rainy season is the most critical period for plumes dispersion. But, depending on the emission point, plumes tend to remain close to the coast, extend up to 132 km within 72 h, affecting the biodiversity, protected areas and water supply systems from the urban areas.
There are a number of reasons that make Amazon estuary an important natural water resource. First... more There are a number of reasons that make Amazon estuary an important natural water resource. First, it is biologically productive being the spawning and nursery ground for many important aquatic biota. Second, it serves as receiving waters for wastewater discharges and for navigation use. Third, it has been demonstrating its elevated dilution and self-purification capacity for constituents of the water, principally bacteria, toxic substances, organic material and nutrients. Many cities and small ports of the State of the Amapá located on estuaries and coastal zones are ready affecting their quality through runoff, domestic and industrial wastewater. So, the present research evaluated the water quality in four rivers located close to the periurban areas of Macapá and Santana and rural area of Mazagão municipality. The main objective is to diagnostic the spatial-temporal distribution of some variables and parameters of the water quality, considering important factors as atrophic, hydro...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016
Várzea forests of the Amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. For e... more Várzea forests of the Amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. For example, the oil extracted from the seeds of crabwood trees is traditionally used to combat various illnesses and as such artisanal extraction processes have been maintained. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the process involved in artisanal extraction of crabwood oil in the Fazendinha Protected Area, in the state of Amapá; (2) characterise the processes of knowledge transfer associated with the extraction and use of crabwood oil within a peri-urban riverine community; and (3) discern medicinal uses of the oil. The data were obtained using semistructured interviews with 13 community members involved in crabwood oil extraction and via direct observation. The process of oil extraction is divided into four stages: seed collection; cooking and resting of the seeds; shelling of the seeds and dough preparation; and oil collection. Oil extraction is carried out within the home f...
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, 2014
As interações entre povos e comunidades tradicionais que convivem com a floresta e com populações... more As interações entre povos e comunidades tradicionais que convivem com a floresta e com populações urbanizadas ameaçam a manutenção dos saberes tradicionais associados ao uso dos recursos naturais. A partir desse pressuposto, o artigo identifica o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) sobre as andirobeiras (Carapa guianensis Aublet), o uso dos produtos provenientes da espécie, o conhecimento sobre a extração do óleo de andiroba e a manutenção desse hábito na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Fazendinha, Amapá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 84 moradores e três grupos focais. Os resultados mostram que, aproximadamente, 76% dos moradores possuem CEL sobre a espécie e indicam como seus principais produtos o óleo das sementes e a madeira, enquanto 64% conhecem o processo de extração do óleo e 30% mantêm o hábito da extração. Os mais jovens conhecem o óleo, porém a maioria não vivenciou integralmente o processo de extração. Constatou-se que o CEL sobre ...
Seed transport by hydrochory is a key mechanism of long‐distance dispersal constrained by attribu... more Seed transport by hydrochory is a key mechanism of long‐distance dispersal constrained by attributes of the seed and hydrodynamics of the river, influenced by seasonal precipitation and hydrological pulses. However, the extent to which a hydrodynamic model can predict seed dispersal influenced by a tributary is unknown. The study was conducted along a 10‐km stretch of the Falsino River in Amapá, Brazil. Hydrodynamic parameters from the 2021 rainy season were used to calibrate a three‐dimensional numerical model (SisBaHia) and simulate hydrochory of Macrolobium bifolium, a widely distributed species in the Amazon floodplains. This model was coupled with a Lagrangian dispersal model to estimate the average transport distance of the fruit plume. The simulated results were compared statistically with those of dispersal quantified in the field. The field experiment coincided with the maximum hydrological pulse, providing with a maximum potential distance of longitudinal dispersal fruit of c. 10 km in 2 hr. The orders of magnitude of the mean plume transport (observed and numerically simulated centre of mass) were compatible with each other over six longitudinal tracking sections (4.0% ≤ estimated × observed error ≤ 16.5%). Different channel stretches had distinct hydraulic characteristics that influenced spatial dispersal dynamics and are likely to be factors influencing the distribution of M. bifolium in these environments. The present research is a contribution to understanding fluvial hydrodynamics and hydrochory by M. bifolium, whose seed dispersal syndrome is an adaptive characteristic that might explain its abundance and richness in these Amazonian riparian zones. We used M. bifolium as a model species to understand the role of seasonal flood pulse and fluvial hydrodynamics related to hydrochory favouring.
SummaryGazetting and maintaining protected areas (PAs) are political processes and, as such, depe... more SummaryGazetting and maintaining protected areas (PAs) are political processes and, as such, depend on wider society’s support in order to achieve their aims. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of gender, education, age, income, place of origin and place of residence on public support for PAs in the Brazilian state of Amapá, a new tropical forest frontier. We gathered 615 complete interviews with adults living in both rural and urban settings. We found that most (90.5%) of the participants support PAs and that this attitude is more likely to exist among urban than rural participants. We found that gender, education, age, income and place of origin did not influence support for PAs. Biodiversity conservation is the most common reason why PAs receive public support. In contrast, participants who do not favour PAs see them as providing no benefit to people. We suggest that support by local political leaders from dominant and rival political parties for conservation helps to promote acceptance of PAs by stakeholders. However, relatively low support for PAs among rural participants could indicate that the expectations of these populations regarding the social benefits associated with this conservation policy have yet to be fulfilled.
RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi correlacionar indicadores operacionais de abastecimento de água... more RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi correlacionar indicadores operacionais de abastecimento de água com a frequência de doenças de notificação compulsória de transmissão hídrica em seis municípios do estado do Amapá, Brasil. A metodologia consistiu no tratamento estatístico de dados de doenças de notificação compulsória de transmissão hídrica, disponibilizados pela Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde do Amapá (período de 2007 a 2017), com indicadores operacionais de abastecimento de água consolidados pelo Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (período de 1996 a 2017). Os resultados mostraram, por meio de séries de regressões, que seis entre 20 indicadores operacionais apresentaram significância e correlação positiva com a ocorrência de doenças diarreicas agudas, independentemente do município (Raj2 = 0,75, p < 0,05), com tendência progressiva em relação à expansão dos serviços de saneamento básico. Conclui-se que os seis indicadores operacionais apresentaram correlaç...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022
Countries participating in the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization have few options for the en... more Countries participating in the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization have few options for the environmentally appropriate final disposal of municipal solid waste. Thus, sustainable practices aimed at reducing the negative effects of such a disposal on the environment are complex and hard to accomplish, since solid waste generation per capita proportionally increases as populations grow (≈ 2.7% > world average), mainly in countries inserted in Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization. Thus, demographic, socioeconomic, management, and ecological factors represented by 18 independent variables were statistically analyzed to explain waste per capita variation in Amazonian countries and sub-regions. Multiple Kruskal–Wallis tests were applied; 13 of them recorded significant results (p < 0.05). Subsequently, simple and multivariate regression analyses were carried out by taking into consideration waste per capita and significant variables. Simple regression results recorded for variables “IAC” and “Gini index” were significant (RIAC2 = 60.09%, RGini2 = 30.83%), with emphasis on “Amazon biome” (DF = 33, p < 0.01, RBiome2 = 5.34%). Multivariate models resulted in wide explainability variation, depending on the number and type of available variable (54.47% ≤ Raj2 ≤ 70.83%), with emphasis on “IAC,” “Ptot,” “Purb,” “Wton,” “Lon,” Area, “HDI,” “Gini,” and “SDG11” (p < 0.01). In conclusion, waste per capita estimation models can present variations and geographical interdependencies due to different variables and factors that reflect the current public policies and municipal solid waste management practices.
Large ships are efficient in transporting oil and its derivatives. However, they can cause spills... more Large ships are efficient in transporting oil and its derivatives. However, they can cause spills in the event of accidents. The aim of the study is to simulate oil dispersion processes in scenarios of likely accidents with ships traveling on sea routes interconnected with Amazonian ports and with the Atlantic Ocean. Navigation routes were based on traffic data to identify risk areas, as well as to compare them to data from the environmental (oil) sensitivity index and to results of numerical simulations of plumes dispersion. These three approaches were integrated to each other in order to assess potential environmental impacts of plumes on coastal biota and human populations. Scenarios results have indicated that the rainy season is the most critical period for plumes dispersion. But, depending on the emission point, plumes tend to remain close to the coast, extend up to 132 km within 72 h, affecting the biodiversity, protected areas and water supply systems from the urban areas.
There are a number of reasons that make Amazon estuary an important natural water resource. First... more There are a number of reasons that make Amazon estuary an important natural water resource. First, it is biologically productive being the spawning and nursery ground for many important aquatic biota. Second, it serves as receiving waters for wastewater discharges and for navigation use. Third, it has been demonstrating its elevated dilution and self-purification capacity for constituents of the water, principally bacteria, toxic substances, organic material and nutrients. Many cities and small ports of the State of the Amapá located on estuaries and coastal zones are ready affecting their quality through runoff, domestic and industrial wastewater. So, the present research evaluated the water quality in four rivers located close to the periurban areas of Macapá and Santana and rural area of Mazagão municipality. The main objective is to diagnostic the spatial-temporal distribution of some variables and parameters of the water quality, considering important factors as atrophic, hydro...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016
Várzea forests of the Amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. For e... more Várzea forests of the Amazon estuary contain species of importance to riverine communities. For example, the oil extracted from the seeds of crabwood trees is traditionally used to combat various illnesses and as such artisanal extraction processes have been maintained. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the process involved in artisanal extraction of crabwood oil in the Fazendinha Protected Area, in the state of Amapá; (2) characterise the processes of knowledge transfer associated with the extraction and use of crabwood oil within a peri-urban riverine community; and (3) discern medicinal uses of the oil. The data were obtained using semistructured interviews with 13 community members involved in crabwood oil extraction and via direct observation. The process of oil extraction is divided into four stages: seed collection; cooking and resting of the seeds; shelling of the seeds and dough preparation; and oil collection. Oil extraction is carried out within the home f...
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, 2014
As interações entre povos e comunidades tradicionais que convivem com a floresta e com populações... more As interações entre povos e comunidades tradicionais que convivem com a floresta e com populações urbanizadas ameaçam a manutenção dos saberes tradicionais associados ao uso dos recursos naturais. A partir desse pressuposto, o artigo identifica o conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) sobre as andirobeiras (Carapa guianensis Aublet), o uso dos produtos provenientes da espécie, o conhecimento sobre a extração do óleo de andiroba e a manutenção desse hábito na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) da Fazendinha, Amapá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 84 moradores e três grupos focais. Os resultados mostram que, aproximadamente, 76% dos moradores possuem CEL sobre a espécie e indicam como seus principais produtos o óleo das sementes e a madeira, enquanto 64% conhecem o processo de extração do óleo e 30% mantêm o hábito da extração. Os mais jovens conhecem o óleo, porém a maioria não vivenciou integralmente o processo de extração. Constatou-se que o CEL sobre ...
This research deals with the systemic analysis of parameters of drinking water quality exclusivel... more This research deals with the systemic analysis of parameters of drinking water quality exclusively from underground sources in Macapa from 2014 to 2015. It aimed to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the water quality from underground sources in several neighborhoods in the city. The research methodology consisted of the following steps: a) monitoring the groundwater quality parameters in 52 homes supplied only with well water (sample units), distributed at random in neighborhoods of the city during the rainy season (April / May 2015) and the dry season (November 2014); b) statistically comparing the difference between water quality parameters in the two seasons, taking the health perspective of the surrounding environment into account; c) analyzing compliance of the water quality parameters in comparison to the current legislation; d) analyzing the historical, economical and legal context of the groundwater in Macapa, based on quantitative and qualitative information which may be able to explain the current health and environmental situation of the supplying wells. The results were statistically analyzed to test its spatial and seasonal distribution pattern (11 physicochemical and microbiological variables) and 32 health and environmental variables (environment). We observed that among the 11 monitored water quality parameters, only 3 (NH4+, Al+3 and Color) did not show significant seasonal difference (p> 0.05), being the others significant variants (p<0.05) (Turbidity, NO3, Cl-, Total Coliforms (CT), E. coli, pH, Mn). The Fe ion was not compared because of sample loss during the dry season. Regression analysis indicated decreasing trends in the concentration of TC and E. coli as the depth of the well and the distance from the sewage drains increased, but not significantly in both seasonal periods (p> 0.05). The Cluster analysis was performed to assess variables sets and spatial similarity between the sample units. The existence of four similar groups was observed, which indicated spatial variations concerning the groundwater vulnerability in the northeast to southwest direction. Therefore, the hypothesis of significant spatial and seasonal variability in the groundwater quality for human consumption in Macapa is confirmed, which is characterized as vulnerable, poorly protected, posing risk to public health though, especially in the rainy season. People’s access to water and quality sanitation is not being effectively met, breaking the fundamental rights to life, health and balanced environment and the human dignity as well.
Keywords: Water supply, hydro-sanitary parameters, sanitation, environmental health, human dignity.
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Papers by Helenilza Cunha
Keywords: Water supply, hydro-sanitary parameters, sanitation, environmental health, human dignity.