Andrea is a Full Professor at the Federal University of São Paulo. Since his FAPESP Post-doctoral Research Grant (2018-2022) at IEE/USP, his research has focused on energy governance, poverty and justice, as core dimensions of the socio-technical implications of ongoing climate-driven and energy-related transitions. He has conducted fieldwork on energy poverty and vulnerability in a low-income settlement in São Paulo (2022-2023), FAPESP Project 2020/09872-4, ‘Energy Poverty and Vulnerability in the Community of Vila Nova Esperança (São Paulo, SP / Brazil), and comparative research on energy and digital vulnerability across six Latin-American countries (IDB – IEE/USP). His research line on ‘The Governance of Just Transitions’ welcomes PhD and Master students from national and international universities. He is actively engaged in promoting non-toxic masculinity and a cultural transformation of gender relations.
A gestao de riscos e os chamados a resiliencia tem sido feitos em um vazio conceitual e politico,... more A gestao de riscos e os chamados a resiliencia tem sido feitos em um vazio conceitual e politico, distantes das experiencias das pessoas em situacao de vulnerabilidade e do enfoque da protecao social, tao necessarios as realidades da Macrometropole Paulista, onde as vitimas do modelo de crescimento economico excludente convivem – ha geracoes – com riscos cotidianos e desastres que sao negligenciados. Embora considerado um Estado Resiliente, Sao Paulo ainda esta distante de reconhecer que desastres sao problemas mal resolvidos de desenvolvimento. Ha necessidade de fazer perguntas para promover dialogos no tema. Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade; Resiliencia; Macrometropole Paulista; Gestao do risco; Narrativa do risco.
El acceso a los servicios energéticos es fundamental para la satisfacción de las necesidades bási... more El acceso a los servicios energéticos es fundamental para la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de las personas y, por lo tanto, es considerado un importante indicador de desigualdades socioeconómicas. Dada la relevancia del tema desde el punto de vista del desarrollo humano y de las políticas públicas, este estudio se propuso analizar la pobreza energética en cinco países de América Latina Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Perú y Uruguay, con la finalidad de aportar una nueva perspectiva a los indicadores de acceso a la energía en el contexto latinoamericano y comprender sus determinantes desde una mirada hacia indicadores de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica.
This paper aims to analyze the implications of the energy transition policies in Argentina and Br... more This paper aims to analyze the implications of the energy transition policies in Argentina and Brazil. The paper's goal is to illustrate that the two countries are undergoing a transformation of their energy systems toward greater diversification of the energy supply and probably, not a socially inclusive one. Based on data on national energy policies, the evolution of the energy supply mixes over the period 1990-2020, and access to electricity by the households at the national level, the paper offers a critical reading of how the two countries faced the challenges posed by the present process of energy system transformation. The paper adopts a political economy and political ecology perspective employing the notion of just energy transition (JET) to illustrate the contradictions and tensions of the latter approach analyzing quantitative data related to the transformation of the energy system and energy poverty in both Argentina and Brazil.
RESUMO O artigo apresenta resultados do projeto desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Governança... more RESUMO O artigo apresenta resultados do projeto desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Governança Energética no contexto da Macrometrópole Paulista em face da Variabilidade Climática. Com base numa abordagem qualitativa suportada por análise documental e dados quantitativos e qualitativos produzidos pelo grupo de pesquisa, o presente trabalho combina os conceitos de “estilo de política” e “ciência pós-normal”, considerando a transição energética por um lado e a mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas por outro. Esse arcabouço conceitual é confrontado com três estudos de caso: a) a geopolítica da energia na América do Sul, no nível macro; b) o Plano Decenal de Energia no Brasil, no nível meso; e, c) as políticas de mitigação e adaptação frente às mudanças climáticas na cidade de São Paulo, no nível micro. Embora nos três níveis sejam identificadas proposições institucionais para tratar do manejo de fontes energéticas e redução de emissões, as práticas demonstram contextos multif...
The Covid-19 pandemic represented a watershed in the dynamics of global socio-environmental chang... more The Covid-19 pandemic represented a watershed in the dynamics of global socio-environmental change. Against this transforming scenario, extractive pressures on lithium reserves in the Global South increased. Furthermore, the Lithium Triangle also witnesses the unfolding tensions between the Asian block and the Atlantic world, visible centrally in the dispute between the United States and China. We hypothesise that the Lithium Triangle, made up of the salt flats of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, has given way to a Latin American lithium-bearing. Methodologically, the research combines data collected over a decade on the lithium debate, bibliographic review, statistics, interviews with key informants, and participant observation. After the pandemic, a booming lithium market and its price growth resulted in an attempt to sustain a more substantial presence in national states. The paper argues that, because of post-pandemic geo-political transformations, we are now witnessing a new post-pandemic reality in lithium deposits and salt lakes. The latter reflects the increasing pressures from the Global North on reserves met with a repertoire of rather heterogeneous actions of institutional and social resistance by the countries of the Global South to resist them.
IPCC's Sixth Assessment is a landmark in recognizing social justice and local knowledge as im... more IPCC's Sixth Assessment is a landmark in recognizing social justice and local knowledge as imperative for successful climate adaptation; however, taking this new scientific consensus seriously has profound implications. While narratives of fossil fuel companies and closing climate windows often dominate climate politics, there is an urgent need for new thinking frames, especially given that everyday adaptations by the most vulnerable are often hindered by incumbent actors at more local scales. In response, this paper tackles the issue of climate risk and human wellbeing in Latin America from an emerging and innovative perspective: reparation ecology. Reparation is a heuristic category by means of which we systematize converging evidence about the responses of local Latin-American communities to severe socio-environmental crises that are closely connected to climate risks and to long-lasting threats to the wellbeing of human societies and ecosystems. The results focus on a compar...
Rumo a 2019 Linha editorial e secoes Instrucoes para as(os) colaboradoras(es) Recepcao de artigos... more Rumo a 2019 Linha editorial e secoes Instrucoes para as(os) colaboradoras(es) Recepcao de artigos Linguagem inclusiva Processo de avaliacao Sistema de referencias bibliograficas
The Colombian Journal of Sociology (rcs, for its Spanish acronym) is a biannual scientific public... more The Colombian Journal of Sociology (rcs, for its Spanish acronym) is a biannual scientific publication. RCS had its inception on the 2nd of December of 1979 and established itself as one of the journals that contributed the most to the diffusion of debates on classical and contemporary sociology. Its academic contribution has been recognized by national and international scholars as well as by students and alumni.
A gestao de riscos e os chamados a resiliencia tem sido feitos em um vazio conceitual e politico,... more A gestao de riscos e os chamados a resiliencia tem sido feitos em um vazio conceitual e politico, distantes das experiencias das pessoas em situacao de vulnerabilidade e do enfoque da protecao social, tao necessarios as realidades da Macrometropole Paulista, onde as vitimas do modelo de crescimento economico excludente convivem – ha geracoes – com riscos cotidianos e desastres que sao negligenciados. Embora considerado um Estado Resiliente, Sao Paulo ainda esta distante de reconhecer que desastres sao problemas mal resolvidos de desenvolvimento. Ha necessidade de fazer perguntas para promover dialogos no tema. Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade; Resiliencia; Macrometropole Paulista; Gestao do risco; Narrativa do risco.
El acceso a los servicios energéticos es fundamental para la satisfacción de las necesidades bási... more El acceso a los servicios energéticos es fundamental para la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de las personas y, por lo tanto, es considerado un importante indicador de desigualdades socioeconómicas. Dada la relevancia del tema desde el punto de vista del desarrollo humano y de las políticas públicas, este estudio se propuso analizar la pobreza energética en cinco países de América Latina Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Perú y Uruguay, con la finalidad de aportar una nueva perspectiva a los indicadores de acceso a la energía en el contexto latinoamericano y comprender sus determinantes desde una mirada hacia indicadores de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica.
This paper aims to analyze the implications of the energy transition policies in Argentina and Br... more This paper aims to analyze the implications of the energy transition policies in Argentina and Brazil. The paper's goal is to illustrate that the two countries are undergoing a transformation of their energy systems toward greater diversification of the energy supply and probably, not a socially inclusive one. Based on data on national energy policies, the evolution of the energy supply mixes over the period 1990-2020, and access to electricity by the households at the national level, the paper offers a critical reading of how the two countries faced the challenges posed by the present process of energy system transformation. The paper adopts a political economy and political ecology perspective employing the notion of just energy transition (JET) to illustrate the contradictions and tensions of the latter approach analyzing quantitative data related to the transformation of the energy system and energy poverty in both Argentina and Brazil.
RESUMO O artigo apresenta resultados do projeto desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Governança... more RESUMO O artigo apresenta resultados do projeto desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Governança Energética no contexto da Macrometrópole Paulista em face da Variabilidade Climática. Com base numa abordagem qualitativa suportada por análise documental e dados quantitativos e qualitativos produzidos pelo grupo de pesquisa, o presente trabalho combina os conceitos de “estilo de política” e “ciência pós-normal”, considerando a transição energética por um lado e a mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas por outro. Esse arcabouço conceitual é confrontado com três estudos de caso: a) a geopolítica da energia na América do Sul, no nível macro; b) o Plano Decenal de Energia no Brasil, no nível meso; e, c) as políticas de mitigação e adaptação frente às mudanças climáticas na cidade de São Paulo, no nível micro. Embora nos três níveis sejam identificadas proposições institucionais para tratar do manejo de fontes energéticas e redução de emissões, as práticas demonstram contextos multif...
The Covid-19 pandemic represented a watershed in the dynamics of global socio-environmental chang... more The Covid-19 pandemic represented a watershed in the dynamics of global socio-environmental change. Against this transforming scenario, extractive pressures on lithium reserves in the Global South increased. Furthermore, the Lithium Triangle also witnesses the unfolding tensions between the Asian block and the Atlantic world, visible centrally in the dispute between the United States and China. We hypothesise that the Lithium Triangle, made up of the salt flats of Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, has given way to a Latin American lithium-bearing. Methodologically, the research combines data collected over a decade on the lithium debate, bibliographic review, statistics, interviews with key informants, and participant observation. After the pandemic, a booming lithium market and its price growth resulted in an attempt to sustain a more substantial presence in national states. The paper argues that, because of post-pandemic geo-political transformations, we are now witnessing a new post-pandemic reality in lithium deposits and salt lakes. The latter reflects the increasing pressures from the Global North on reserves met with a repertoire of rather heterogeneous actions of institutional and social resistance by the countries of the Global South to resist them.
IPCC's Sixth Assessment is a landmark in recognizing social justice and local knowledge as im... more IPCC's Sixth Assessment is a landmark in recognizing social justice and local knowledge as imperative for successful climate adaptation; however, taking this new scientific consensus seriously has profound implications. While narratives of fossil fuel companies and closing climate windows often dominate climate politics, there is an urgent need for new thinking frames, especially given that everyday adaptations by the most vulnerable are often hindered by incumbent actors at more local scales. In response, this paper tackles the issue of climate risk and human wellbeing in Latin America from an emerging and innovative perspective: reparation ecology. Reparation is a heuristic category by means of which we systematize converging evidence about the responses of local Latin-American communities to severe socio-environmental crises that are closely connected to climate risks and to long-lasting threats to the wellbeing of human societies and ecosystems. The results focus on a compar...
Rumo a 2019 Linha editorial e secoes Instrucoes para as(os) colaboradoras(es) Recepcao de artigos... more Rumo a 2019 Linha editorial e secoes Instrucoes para as(os) colaboradoras(es) Recepcao de artigos Linguagem inclusiva Processo de avaliacao Sistema de referencias bibliograficas
The Colombian Journal of Sociology (rcs, for its Spanish acronym) is a biannual scientific public... more The Colombian Journal of Sociology (rcs, for its Spanish acronym) is a biannual scientific publication. RCS had its inception on the 2nd of December of 1979 and established itself as one of the journals that contributed the most to the diffusion of debates on classical and contemporary sociology. Its academic contribution has been recognized by national and international scholars as well as by students and alumni.
El acceso a los servicios energéticos es fundamental para la satisfacción de las necesidades bási... more El acceso a los servicios energéticos es fundamental para la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de las personas y, por lo tanto, es considerado un importante indicador de desigualdades socioeconómicas. Dada la relevancia del tema desde el punto de vista del desarrollo humano y de las políticas públicas, este estudio se propuso analizar la pobreza energética en cinco países de América Latina – Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Perú y Uruguay, con la finalidad de aportar una nueva perspectiva a los indicadores de acceso a la energía en el contexto latinoamericano y comprender sus determinantes desde una mirada hacia indicadores de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. Por pobreza energética, el estudio considera una adaptación del método de medición propuesto por García Ochoa (2014), que presenta la pobreza energética desde la perspectiva del acceso a servicios energéticos considerados básicos para la satisfacción de las necesidades de las per- sonas. El presente estudio adiciona a esto el concepto de pobreza energética severa, la cual se comprende como la insatisfacción de más de la mitad de los servicios energéticos considerados necesarios para la satisfacción de dichas necesidades. Los resultados demostraron que hay una gran heterogeneidad entre los países, pero aún una gran participación de hogares en condición de pobreza energética (entre 58% y 73%) y pobreza energética severa (entre 1% y 23%), con mayor concentración en zonas rurales. Los indicadores de acceso a servicio energético de confort térmico, calentamiento de agua y conocimiento y comunicación que se mostraron más sensibles tanto del punto de vista de sesgos decurrentes de la disponibilidad de datos y heterogeneidad de acceso. Con relación a la interacción con otros indicadores de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, el estudio demostró que, en todos los países, los hogares cuyo jefe no presenta educación secundaria completa se encuentran en situación de vul- nerabilidad social y en desventaja en cuanto al acceso a servicios públicos de calidad, y son más susceptibles a pobreza energética. De este modo, dada la significativa interacción de la pobreza energética extrema con otros indicadores de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, es crucial que las políticas públicas de inclusión tengan en cuenta las necesidades por servicios energéticos para una agenda de desarrollo sostenible.
Lampis et al 2022 Dossiê de Energia 2022 Brasil um foco no setor elétrico
Este documento tem como objetivo apresentar o Setor Energético Brasileiro, com foco no setor elét... more Este documento tem como objetivo apresentar o Setor Energético Brasileiro, com foco no setor elétrico. Os indicadores foram compilados e disponibilizados em esse documento pela equipe da Grupo de Pesquisa em Governança Energética (GPGE) do Instituto de Energia e Meio Ambiente (IEE) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) liderada por Andrea Lampis.
Inequality and Disadvantages affecting Street Vendors in Bogotá, 2021
Taking the case of street vendors in Bogotá, a specific group within the larger group of informal... more Taking the case of street vendors in Bogotá, a specific group within the larger group of informal workers in the capital city of Colombia, the paper poses a set of questions related to the politics of poverty and inequality.
The paper starts by revising theoretical insights on inequality and the use of indicators on poverty, inequality and employment. After, the report analyses on the basis of document analysis and interviews the actions undertaken by the city of Bogotá and more specifically by the Institute for Social Economy (IPES) regarding its potential contribution to the reduction of inequality and disadvantage for street vendors.
Nowadays, after the 2008/2009 financial crisis and, even more so, due to the still on-going and largely unchartered effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, large capitals in the global south like Bogotá require a guiding reflection towards the renewal of policies geared at the protection of economic, social and cultural rights. As it was initially discussed in Europe, a new people-centred economic paradigm is needed nowadays more than ever to rethink social protection policies. Affordable access to health care and well-adapted educational education should be an important part of this shift.
This case study reviews the Bogota City’s efforts in challenging persistent inequality of opportunities and its perpetuation. It discusses the design of existing programmes benefiting street vendors and their social protection coverage.
Routledge Handbook on Cultural Heritage and Disaster Risk Management, 2023
This chapter discusses the notion of development in its relation to cultural heritage, shedding l... more This chapter discusses the notion of development in its relation to cultural heritage, shedding light on four categories that stem out when we consider this topic in the era of disaster capitalism: economic growth drivers; power; cognitive capitalism, and territory. This discussion is based on a bibliographic review and data analysis of the heritage sector and disaster risk management in Brazil.
Energy Transitions in Latin America The Tough Route to Sustainable Development, 2023
Energy poverty is a form of poverty expression and social exclusion. There has been increased pub... more Energy poverty is a form of poverty expression and social exclusion. There has been increased public awareness and policies related to this issue, which is included to some extent in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Objective Number 7 (SDG 7). This chapter explores the relationship between poverty and access to energy in Brazil, which is still an underexplored topic in national academic research and policy. Focusing on the energy access indicators of SDG 7, this study examined cross-scale dimensions of vulnerability through a three-tiered analysis that considers chronic, recent, and inertial poverty. The findings highlight that energy poverty disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, leading to varied energy experiences. Moreover, the study reveals that if conventional energy poverty indicators are not critically evaluated, they may overlook critical aspects of energy access and disregard certain marginalized groups. Despite the Agenda 2030 commitment of "leaving no one behind," our research demonstrates a significant SDG 7 bias in Brazil concerning poverty eradication. The existing indicators disregard disparities in energy consumption and perpetuate a misleading notion of universal access across the country. This observation raises concerns about the effectiveness of universalizing indicators within the sustainable development agenda, as they have the potential to overlook the realities of socially and economically vulnerable individuals. This oversight may occur due to rounding numbers or adopting arbitrary priorities, thereby masking marginalized populations' authentic experiences and challenges. Consequently, the question arises as to whether these indicators truly capture the complexity and nuances of energy poverty and its impact on the most disadvantaged communities.
In this chapter, we discuss the emerging climate justice debates in Latin America. This region ho... more In this chapter, we discuss the emerging climate justice debates in Latin America. This region holds the highest biodiversity on the planet and a variety of eco- climatic gradients. This diversity is not only environmental but also human and social. The interaction between them results in several preserved and threatened natural areas, large development projects, growing urban centres, and multiple vulnerable groups exposed to socioeconomic and environmental vulnerabilities, as well as the risk of disasters and adverse effects of climate change (Ramos and de Salles Cavedon-Capdeville 2017). Furthermore, Latin America is home to inequality that has been characterized as the highest in the world (Serna 2017). Despite the progress achieved in the past decade, poverty reduction efforts in the region were impacted as a result of the COVID-19 health crisis. In 2021, extreme poverty in Latin America affected over 86 million people (CEPAL 2022). This represents a setback of 27 years. The health crisis revealed the structural problems of inequality, poverty, informality, and vulnerability that ended up exacerbating the impact of health emergency on the middle-income population.
Os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável – desafios para o planejamento e a governança ambiental da Macrometrópole Paulista. , 2020
Este capítulo apresenta, de forma crítica, uma análise que identifica as condições atuais e os pr... more Este capítulo apresenta, de forma crítica, uma análise que identifica as condições atuais e os principais gargalos presentes na Macrometrópole Paulista (MMP) frente aos desafios do ODS 7, visando orientar assim, formuladores de políticas públicas da MMP. ISBN: 978-65-990173-5-3
J. Postigo & R. Young, Kenneth (Eds.), Naturaleza y Sociedad: Perspectivas socio-ecológicas sobre cambios globales en América Latina, 2016
Este capítulo reconstruye los ejes principales del origen de los enfoques de adaptación participa... more Este capítulo reconstruye los ejes principales del origen de los enfoques de adaptación participativa sobre la base de los planteamientos de Paulo Freire, así como los desarrollos de Orlando Fals Borda y Robert Chambers. De este modo, muestra el carácter político y las peculiaridades culturales de toda participación como acto de rescate, rebeldía y afirmación, y no solamente de adaptación. Este análisis de corte más teórico se complementa con el análisis de un caso de estudio que se basa en la aplicación del enfoque de adaptación al cambio climático en las comunidades (adaptación basada en comunidades [AbC]) en la zona del Macizo Colombiano en el sur de Colombia.
Investigación aplicada sobre cambio climático: aportes para ciudades de América Latina, 2020
ISBN 9789978675304
En este capítulo se presenta un análisis de tres experiencias de investigació... more ISBN 9789978675304
En este capítulo se presenta un análisis de tres experiencias de investigación aplicada en ámbito urbano y nacional en el campo de la adaptación al cambio climático. Estas tres experiencias corresponden a la coordinación del grupo de trabajo que diseñó el marco conceptual de la política nacional de adaptación de Colombia (2011); la participación como investigador principal para el caso de Bogotá en una etapa (2010-11) de un proyecto de mayor duración del Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), ‘Adaptation to the health impacts of air pollution and climate extremes in Latin American cities’ (ADAPTE) dedicada a la capacidad de adaptación de la población vulnerable frente a la variabilidad climática y, finalmente, la experiencia de investigación en el marco de la actividad el Urbanization and Global Environmental Change Project (UGEC) entre 2008 y 2017, cuándo el proyecto cerró absorbido por la nueva organización-sombrilla Future Earth.
LINEAMIENTOS PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LA VULNERABILIDAD SOCIAL EN LOS ESTUDIOS DE LA GESTIÓN MUNICIPAL DEL RIESGO DE DESASTRES, 2017
En línea con la comunidad internacional de investigación e intervención del riesgo de desastres, ... more En línea con la comunidad internacional de investigación e intervención del riesgo de desastres, la Unidad Nacional para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (UNGRD) reconoce que los desastres no son naturales y que, por el contrario, existen factores políticos, sociales y culturales que inciden en el grado de vulnerabilidad de los individuos en el momento de enfrentar y recuperarse ante la ocurrencia de una emergencia o desastre. Debido a que estos factores y sus efectos varían tanto de una comunidad a la otra, así como entre ellas, la academia, las agencias de cooperación internacional y las entidades gubernamentales han implementado diferentes metodologías para analizar las múltiples dimensiones de la vulnerabilidad. En relación con la dimensión social de la vulnerabilidad, con la publicación de estos lineamientos Colombia actualiza su abanico de instrumentos para la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (GRD) desarrollando una herramienta que permita el análisis de la vulnerabilidad social en diferentes contextos geográficos y culturales. En Colombia, por la superposición de factores biofísicos y prácticas de desarrollo socioeconómico poco sostenibles con los ecosistemas, así como por la demografía muy dinámica de nuestra sociedad, las amenazas y la vulnerabilidad social van a ejercer un conjunto de presiones recíprocas a lo largo de las próximas décadas, generando – con alta probabilidad - nuevos desastres y situaciones e alto riesgo. Otro elemento de relieve que le da forma al análisis de vulnerabilidad es la recuperación de una tradición importante en la historia de las ciencias sociales en Colombia, la Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP). A través de una comprensión construida de la mano con las comunidades y las municipalidades del país acerca de la vulnerabilidad social frente a los desastres, se recupera una conceptualización más abarcadora de ciudadanía, otorgándole un rol activo a las comunidades locales. Éstas, al ser incluidas en estos estudios, identificarán sus propias vulnerabilidades y capacidades, y serán más conscientes tanto de las amenazas actuales y potenciales en sus territorios, como de las acciones que pueden tomar para empoderarse y gestionar sus riesgos, sin dejar de lado la misión que tiene el Estado de prevenir la ocurrencia de los desastres. La inclusión de la vulnerabilidad social en la GRD nos permite dejar de lado el discurso sobre la victimización y comprender que en los territorios las personas, el Estado, el sector privado, la empresa y las comunidades juegan un papel en la construcción social del riesgo a través de su interacción con la amenaza como hecho biofísico, la exposición como hecho tanto biofísico como social, cultural y finalmente su vulnerabilidad que, en relación con la resiliencia contituyen lo que denominamos el riesgo. Es por esta razón, es que la UNGRD, con la ayuda del Instituto de Estudios del Ministerio Público (IEMP), ha considerado oportuno brindarles a los municipios de todo el territorio nacional estos lineamientos, en los cuales, cada una de las administraciones locales encontrará una conjunto de herramientas (conceptuales, metodológicas y prácticas), por medio de las cuales podrán realizar una serie de actividades, que permitirán incluir una valoración de la vulnerabilidad social de sus comunidades en los diferentes estudios de GRD.
Not only are concepts the building blocks for understanding, relating to and guiding practical ac... more Not only are concepts the building blocks for understanding, relating to and guiding practical actions on the ground; they also are both the product and the representations of contended domains of power, political interests, epistemic communities often clustered around specific policy-driven beliefs and, finally, social actors with their cultural practices by means of which concepts are adopted in order to strengthen the networks those actors need to produce knowledge and confront that produced by others. To deny that and to uncritically adopt concepts that originated in the natural sciences, such as adaptation and resilience for instance, produces short-sighted and most often tautological explanations. It is a practice that equal the assumptions that it exists some sort of truth out there to be objectively appraised and mastered in order to provide guidance (the key concepts of) Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) or Climate Change Adaptation (CCA). The fact that the concepts of DRR and CCA, with all their sub-sets of more specific concepts, might have been perfectly and consistently elaborated within a number of original scientific disciplines that first proposed the concept (i.e. engineering, ecology) or by a number of more interdisciplinary area studies (i.e. disaster studies or development studies) it is not the issue at stake here. One of the key issue discussed by the chapters is rooted in a concern about the shortfalls related to and caused by the translation of either specific or broad concepts to other scientific fields or areas, an operation that has been only partially successful, but which has produced a tremendous institutional and political impact, yet has been carried out without sufficient scientific evidence or agreement. The chapter takes on board the challenge of connecting the concepts of DRR and CCA analysing those two broad areas of scientific, political and cultural tension using a critical lens capable of opening up a dialogue both with a more traditional and positivist and a more alternative and constructivist perspective. In order to do this the chapter asks three key questions. Here below they are complemented by the main writing guidelines of the chapter itself. 1. Are DRR and CCA really comparable? - Within the specialised literature, DRR and CCA, have produced a central debate concerned with the reducibility of one area of concern to the other. The chapter argues that the phenomena they intend to describe operate at different natural, biophysical, geographical and social scales. Across those scales many opportunities for an encounter exist at the meso or micro (local) level. However, climate change remains mainly a planetary and macro-regional phenomenon, while disasters are mostly local, although global forces and pressures may significantly contribute to produce them. 2. How have the concepts of DRR and CCA been elaborated? – Rather than indulging in a taxonomic exercise of tracking, comparing and showing the differences between concept definitions; the chapter interrogates the reasons and the political motivation beyond the main epistemic and political communities producing, working with and using the concepts of DRR and CCA. 3. What is said, what is hidden, what is forgotten by DRR and CCA concepts? – Concepts with their definitions and uses talk to us about how reality should ideally be, what aspects of its dynamics are relevant and, at the very end, what counts more and what counts less. In this final section the chapter acknowledges the profound need the areas of DRR and also of CCA have to innovate and go beyond a risk-centered approach. Issues of socio-environmental justice, of the relationship between risk and adaptation on the one hand and, on the other, rigths are discussed bringing into the perspective a few but key ideas of some of the most representative critical scholars of our contemporaneity to offer a provocative and hopefully refreshing reading of a very established and traditional field of enquiry.
Editors
Adriana Allen is a Professor of Development Planning and Urban Sustainability at the Bart... more Editors Adriana Allen is a Professor of Development Planning and Urban Sustainability at the Bartlett Development Planning Unit, University College London (UCL), UK, where she leads the Research Cluster on Environmental Justice, Urbanisation and Resilience and is the UCL Environment Institute co-director on Sustainable Cities. Her work examines the potential to foster transformative links between planning, environmental justice and sustainability in the urban global South.
Andrea Lampis is associate professor in the Department of Sociology of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. He holds a PhD in social policy from the London School of Economics. His research combines the study of urban vulnerability and poverty with environmental risk and the socio-institutional implication of climate change adaptation.
Mark Swilling is Distinguished Professor of Sustainable Development in the School of Public Leadership, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, and academic director of the Sustainability Institute. He is responsible for the design and implementation of its master’s and doctoral programmes in sustainable development. He also heads up the TSAMA Hub, a new centre for the transdisciplinary study of sustainability and complexity at Stellenbosch University. The TSAMA Hub hosts a new transdisciplinary doctoral programme which involves collaboration between seven of Stellenbosch University’s faculties. Professor Swilling obtained his PhD from the University of Warwick in 1994.
Cambio ambiental global, Estado y valor público: la cuestión socioecológica en América Latina, en... more Cambio ambiental global, Estado y valor público: la cuestión socioecológica en América Latina, entre justicia ambiental y “legítima depredación” presenta un conjunto de trabajos fruto del seminario internacional “Cambio Ambiental Global, Estado y Valor Público”, realizado los días 6 y 7 de febrero de 2014 en Bogotá, en correspondencia con el primer encuentro del Grupo de Trabajo (gt) de clacso “Cambio Ambiental Global, Cambio Climático, Movimientos Sociales y Políticas Públicas”. En el marco de un continente latinoamericano fuertemente dependiente de la explotación de los recursos naturales y mineros, los interrogantes acerca del papel del Estado como regulador y garante del interés común requiere de respuestas que superen la visión del Estado mismo como garante de un clima de negocios favorable al capital internacional. Frente al cambio ambiental global, las políticas públicas en el campo multidimensional de lo socio-ecológico enfrentan el reto de poner en el centro del debate la protección y uso sostenible de los bienes comunes, los derechos de las poblaciones al ejercicio del poder de decisión, así como de las comunidades locales en relación con temas tales como la soberanía alimentaria y el derecho a la seguridad económica. El libro presenta un conjunto de trabajos de destacados y destacadas investigadores e investigadoras que dialogan de manera innovadora con estos retos complejos, proponiendo en su conjunto una reflexión de relieve para el debate sobre cambio ambiental global en América Latina.
Section 1 presents a summary of climate change scenarios for Colombia, which helps set the scene ... more Section 1 presents a summary of climate change scenarios for Colombia, which helps set the scene of the challenges for urban adaptation to climate change. Section 2 presents the conceptual framework of the paper. Section 3 frames the debate on adaptation to climate change in terms of a number of “double” agendas representing multiple tensions amongst contrasting positions. Section 4 analyses the institutional arrangements existing in Colombia to deal with climate change. Finally, section 5 presents the analysis of existing adaptation policies, experiences and debates in Bogotá and in a number of selected Colombian main cities: Medellín, Cartagena and Cali. Barranquilla, although an important port, is not selected as the information about what the city has planned in terms of adaptation to climate change is very scant and what has been done so far is comparable with the scarce evidence found for Medellín and Cali, cites of a similar importance within the Colombian urban hierarchy.
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Por pobreza energética, el estudio considera una adaptación del método de medición propuesto por García Ochoa (2014), que presenta la pobreza energética desde la perspectiva del acceso a servicios energéticos considerados básicos para la satisfacción de las necesidades de las per- sonas. El presente estudio adiciona a esto el concepto de pobreza energética severa, la cual se comprende como la insatisfacción de más de la mitad de los servicios energéticos considerados necesarios para la satisfacción de dichas necesidades.
Los resultados demostraron que hay una gran heterogeneidad entre los países, pero aún una gran participación de hogares en condición de pobreza energética (entre 58% y 73%) y pobreza energética severa (entre 1% y 23%), con mayor concentración en zonas rurales. Los indicadores de acceso a servicio energético de confort térmico, calentamiento de agua y conocimiento y comunicación que se mostraron más sensibles tanto del punto de vista de sesgos decurrentes de la disponibilidad de datos y heterogeneidad de acceso. Con relación a la interacción con otros indicadores de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, el estudio demostró que, en todos los países, los hogares cuyo jefe no presenta educación secundaria completa se encuentran en situación de vul- nerabilidad social y en desventaja en cuanto al acceso a servicios públicos de calidad, y son más susceptibles a pobreza energética. De este modo, dada la significativa interacción de la pobreza energética extrema con otros indicadores de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, es crucial que las políticas públicas de inclusión tengan en cuenta las necesidades por servicios energéticos para una agenda de desarrollo sostenible.
The paper starts by revising theoretical insights on inequality and the use of indicators on poverty, inequality and employment. After, the report analyses on the basis of document analysis and interviews the actions undertaken by the city of Bogotá and more specifically by the Institute for Social Economy (IPES) regarding its potential contribution to the reduction of inequality and disadvantage for street vendors.
Nowadays, after the 2008/2009 financial crisis and, even more so, due to the still on-going and largely unchartered effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, large capitals in the global south like Bogotá require a guiding reflection towards the renewal of policies geared at the protection of economic, social and cultural rights. As it was initially discussed in Europe, a new people-centred economic paradigm is needed nowadays more than ever to rethink social protection policies. Affordable access to health care and well-adapted educational education should be an important part of this shift.
This case study reviews the Bogota City’s efforts in challenging persistent inequality of opportunities and its perpetuation. It discusses the design of existing programmes benefiting street vendors and their social protection coverage.
ISBN: 978-65-990173-5-3
En este capítulo se presenta un análisis de tres experiencias de investigación aplicada en ámbito urbano y nacional en el campo de la adaptación al cambio climático. Estas tres experiencias corresponden a la coordinación del grupo de trabajo que diseñó el marco conceptual de la política nacional de adaptación de Colombia (2011); la participación como investigador principal para el caso de Bogotá en una etapa (2010-11) de un proyecto de mayor duración del Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), ‘Adaptation to the health impacts of air pollution and climate extremes in Latin American cities’ (ADAPTE) dedicada a la capacidad de adaptación de la población vulnerable frente a la variabilidad climática y, finalmente, la experiencia de investigación en el marco de la actividad el Urbanization and Global Environmental Change Project (UGEC) entre 2008 y 2017, cuándo el proyecto cerró absorbido por la nueva organización-sombrilla Future Earth.
La inclusión de la vulnerabilidad social en la GRD nos permite dejar de lado el discurso sobre la victimización y comprender que en los territorios las personas, el Estado, el sector privado, la empresa y las comunidades juegan un papel en la construcción social del riesgo a través de su interacción con la amenaza como hecho biofísico, la exposición como hecho tanto biofísico como social, cultural y finalmente su vulnerabilidad que, en relación con la resiliencia contituyen lo que denominamos el riesgo.
Es por esta razón, es que la UNGRD, con la ayuda del Instituto de Estudios del Ministerio Público (IEMP), ha considerado oportuno brindarles a los municipios de todo el territorio nacional estos lineamientos, en los cuales, cada una de las administraciones locales encontrará una conjunto de herramientas (conceptuales, metodológicas y prácticas), por medio de las cuales podrán realizar una serie de actividades, que permitirán incluir una valoración de la vulnerabilidad social de sus comunidades en los diferentes estudios de GRD.
To deny that and to uncritically adopt concepts that originated in the natural sciences, such as adaptation and resilience for instance, produces short-sighted and most often tautological explanations. It is a practice that equal the assumptions that it exists some sort of truth out there to be objectively appraised and mastered in order to provide guidance (the key concepts of) Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) or Climate Change Adaptation (CCA).
The fact that the concepts of DRR and CCA, with all their sub-sets of more specific concepts, might have been perfectly and consistently elaborated within a number of original scientific disciplines that first proposed the concept (i.e. engineering, ecology) or by a number of more interdisciplinary area studies (i.e. disaster studies or development studies) it is not the issue at stake here. One of the key issue discussed by the chapters is rooted in a concern about the shortfalls related to and caused by the translation of either specific or broad concepts to other scientific fields or areas, an operation that has been only partially successful, but which has produced a tremendous institutional and political impact, yet has been carried out without sufficient scientific evidence or agreement.
The chapter takes on board the challenge of connecting the concepts of DRR and CCA analysing those two broad areas of scientific, political and cultural tension using a critical lens capable of opening up a dialogue both with a more traditional and positivist and a more alternative and constructivist perspective. In order to do this the chapter asks three key questions. Here below they are complemented by the main writing guidelines of the chapter itself.
1. Are DRR and CCA really comparable? - Within the specialised literature, DRR and CCA, have produced a central debate concerned with the reducibility of one area of concern to the other. The chapter argues that the phenomena they intend to describe operate at different natural, biophysical, geographical and social scales. Across those scales many opportunities for an encounter exist at the meso or micro (local) level. However, climate change remains mainly a planetary and macro-regional phenomenon, while disasters are mostly local, although global forces and pressures may significantly contribute to produce them.
2. How have the concepts of DRR and CCA been elaborated? – Rather than indulging in a taxonomic exercise of tracking, comparing and showing the differences between concept definitions; the chapter interrogates the reasons and the political motivation beyond the main epistemic and political communities producing, working with and using the concepts of DRR and CCA.
3. What is said, what is hidden, what is forgotten by DRR and CCA concepts? – Concepts with their definitions and uses talk to us about how reality should ideally be, what aspects of its dynamics are relevant and, at the very end, what counts more and what counts less. In this final section the chapter acknowledges the profound need the areas of DRR and also of CCA have to innovate and go beyond a risk-centered approach. Issues of socio-environmental justice, of the relationship between risk and adaptation on the one hand and, on the other, rigths are discussed bringing into the perspective a few but key ideas of some of the most representative critical scholars of our contemporaneity to offer a provocative and hopefully refreshing reading of a very established and traditional field of enquiry.
Adriana Allen is a Professor of Development Planning and Urban Sustainability at the Bartlett Development Planning Unit, University College London (UCL), UK, where she leads the Research Cluster on Environmental Justice, Urbanisation and Resilience and is the UCL Environment Institute co-director on Sustainable Cities. Her work examines the potential to foster transformative links between planning, environmental justice and sustainability in the urban global South.
Andrea Lampis is associate professor in the Department of Sociology of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. He holds a PhD in social policy from the London School of Economics. His research combines the study of urban vulnerability and poverty with environmental risk and the socio-institutional implication of climate change adaptation.
Mark Swilling is Distinguished Professor of Sustainable Development in the School of Public Leadership, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, and academic director of the Sustainability Institute. He is responsible for the design and implementation of its master’s and doctoral programmes in sustainable development. He also heads up the TSAMA Hub, a new centre for the transdisciplinary study of sustainability and complexity at Stellenbosch University. The TSAMA Hub hosts a new transdisciplinary doctoral programme which involves collaboration between seven of Stellenbosch University’s faculties. Professor Swilling obtained his PhD from the University of Warwick in 1994.
depredación” presenta un conjunto de trabajos fruto del seminario
internacional “Cambio Ambiental Global, Estado y Valor
Público”, realizado los días 6 y 7 de febrero de 2014 en Bogotá,
en correspondencia con el primer encuentro del Grupo de Trabajo
(gt) de clacso “Cambio Ambiental Global, Cambio Climático,
Movimientos Sociales y Políticas Públicas”. En el marco de un continente latinoamericano fuertemente dependiente de la explotación
de los recursos naturales y mineros, los interrogantes acerca del papel
del Estado como regulador y garante del interés común requiere
de respuestas que superen la visión del Estado mismo como garante
de un clima de negocios favorable al capital internacional. Frente
al cambio ambiental global, las políticas públicas en el campo
multidimensional de lo socio-ecológico enfrentan el reto de poner
en el centro del debate la protección y uso sostenible de los bienes
comunes, los derechos de las poblaciones al ejercicio del poder de
decisión, así como de las comunidades locales en relación con temas
tales como la soberanía alimentaria y el derecho a la seguridad económica. El libro presenta un conjunto de trabajos de destacados y
destacadas investigadores e investigadoras que dialogan de manera
innovadora con estos retos complejos, proponiendo en su conjunto
una reflexión de relieve para el debate sobre cambio ambiental global
en América Latina.
of “double” agendas representing multiple tensions amongst contrasting positions. Section 4 analyses the institutional arrangements existing in Colombia to deal with climate change. Finally, section 5 presents the analysis of existing adaptation policies, experiences and debates in Bogotá and in a
number of selected Colombian main cities: Medellín, Cartagena and Cali. Barranquilla, although an important port, is not selected as the information about what the city has planned in terms of adaptation to climate change is very scant and what has been done so far is comparable with the scarce
evidence found for Medellín and Cali, cites of a similar importance within the Colombian urban hierarchy.