The issue of workplace harmony has for decades prevailed as a central factor with regard to organ... more The issue of workplace harmony has for decades prevailed as a central factor with regard to organizational performance, member cooperation and success. This study examines using empirical methods the association between employee trust perceptions and workplace harmony in the Nigeria banking industry. The study being quasi-experimental is carried out using the cross sectional survey design and data is generated from a sample of 214 participants drawn from an accessible population of 637 staff of 10 selected banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. The findings support significant associations between the empirical referents of employee trust perceptions namely; perception of ability, perception of benevolence and perception of integrity; and the criterion variable, workplace harmony. In conclusion we propose a more transparent, consistent and representative system of management which not only recognizes employees within the organization but also allows for participation, feedback and member s...
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opportunity for innovation and ... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opportunity for innovation and organizational citizenship behaviour in the Nigerian hospitality industry. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 1450 workers drawn from a population of 3768 workers in the South-South geopolitical region of Nigeria. The scales used were within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7, which was interpreted to be reliable. A total of 1,093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire were used for data analysis. Furthermore, the data obtained were analysed using the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient. The results reveal that opportunity for innovation is strongly related to altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, courtesy and sportsmanship. The findings suggest that organizations conducive for innovation tends to promote extra discretionary employee behaviour. The study concluded that in the presence of opportunity for innovation of the worker, organizational ...
Noble and concerted efforts have been made in many respects in the development of Africa. Althoug... more Noble and concerted efforts have been made in many respects in the development of Africa. Although a lot seems to have been achieved, a lot more is still left to be desired in order to attain the optimum level of development and boost the contributions of African States, particularly those in the Sub-Saharan region, in key areas of positive global best practices . The need for the consciousness of maintenance culture cannot be over stressed if the continent is to attain her full potentials. Maintenance culture Management could act as a key driver in sustaining competitive advantage in as well as ensuring sustainability of processes in social and organizational settings. Thus, this is one critical area of immense potential developmental benefit to the continent and a veritable avenue to impact the global space. Through participative observation and desk research, this exploratory paper took an introspective look at the macro, micro and mini level perspectives of Maintenance culture Management. This was done to trigger behavioral alterations in the different dimensional perspectives and within the African continental environment with a view to changing the current unfavorable narrative and increasing her potentials for better global impact. Keywords : Africa, culture, development, global, maintenance, management. DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/64-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
This study examined the relationship between Internal Attitude Survey and Workers Commitment. Usi... more This study examined the relationship between Internal Attitude Survey and Workers Commitment. Using Cross Sectional Survey design, a sample size of 357 employees from the Banking Industry in the South-South zone of Nigeria was used as respondents. The results drawn from the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation showed that Internal Attitude Survey had a significant positive association with workers continuance and normative commitment, but no significant association with workers affective commitment. This result suggest that when employees views and feelings are known by management and positive steps taken to redress imbalances, employees will be morally obliged to remain with the organization and will not be willing to leave the organization because of possible loss in their investment. Keywords: Internal Attitude Survey, Affective Commitment, Continuance Commitment, Normative commitment
Organizational Justice is very topical for organizations to achieve competitive edge. Few studies... more Organizational Justice is very topical for organizations to achieve competitive edge. Few studies examined the three dimensions of organizational justice and its effect on employee work passion. Using Spearman Rank Order Correlational Coefficient, we tested our hypotheses with a sample of 313 university lecturers. We found that distributive justice had no relationship with employee work passion; procedural and interactional justice had a significant positive relationship with employee work passion. Keywords: Organizational Justice, Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, Interactional Justice, Work Passion DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-14-06 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between opportunity for creativity and o... more The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between opportunity for creativity and organizational citizenship behaviour. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 1450 workers drawn from a population of 3768 workers. The scales used were within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7, which was interpreted to be reliable. A total of 1,093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire were used for data analysis. Furthermore, descriptive statistics were computed at the primary level of analysis, while the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient was used at the secondary level of analysis. The results reveal that opportunity for creativity is strongly related to altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, courtesy and sportsmanship The findings suggest that organizations conducive for creativity tends to promote extra discretionary employee behaviour
This study examined the effect of Employee Voice on Workers Commitment in the Banking Industry in... more This study examined the effect of Employee Voice on Workers Commitment in the Banking Industry in Nigeria. Seven research questions and seventeen hypotheses were proposed to test the relationship between Employee Voice and Workers Commitment. The quantitative research data was gathered with the aid of a five point likert scale questionnaire distributed to 357 employees, which is the corresponding sample size for the population of 5000 employees using Krejcie and Morgan’s Sample size determination. All the variables used for the study had a Cronbach Alpha above 0.7. With the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software, the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient was used to test fifteen out of the seventeen hypotheses. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to test the remaining two hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that Joint Consultation has a significant positive effect on workers Affective Commitment; Internal Attitude Survey and Suggestion Scheme has a significant...
The Nigerian Civil Service is one arguably fraught with high occasions of insubordination, disreg... more The Nigerian Civil Service is one arguably fraught with high occasions of insubordination, disregard for professionalism and nonchalance towards role expectations. Scores of previous research have investigated this phenomenon; however, it prevails with consequences most often embarrassing. This research examined the relationship between workers’incessant nonchalant attitude and the powerlessness of most first-line delegate authorities or unit heads in selected public parastatals in Rivers State, Nigeria. The concept of authority and power as regards punishment, sanctions and rewards are broadly discussed. The results from a sample of 12 departmental heads and 14 supervisors reveal a strong link between workers’ incessant nonchalant attitude and the inability of relevant first-line delegate authorities to take decisive measures or actions as espoused from the data. The implications of this finding are discussed and recommendations proffered accordingly.
European Journal of Business and Management Research
This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of Interactional Justice on Organizational Cit... more This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of Interactional Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of Academic Staff in Universities in Bayelsa State. Cross Sectional Research design was adopted. A sample size of 294 was obtained from a population of 1,268 workers, using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Sample size determination table. With the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences, the Spearman Rank Order Correlational Coefficient was used to analyse the data. The results obtained showed a significant positive relationship between Interactional Justice and all measures of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (Altruism, Courtesy, Conscientiousness, Civic Virtue, and Sportsmanship), indicating that workers are very helpful and assist colleagues with problems. It was recommended that management should always be polite and respectful to employees and involve them in decision making because employees perception of equity breeds extra role behaviour.
The issue of workplace harmony has for decades prevailed as a central factor with regard to organ... more The issue of workplace harmony has for decades prevailed as a central factor with regard to organizational performance, member cooperation and success. This study examines using empirical methods the association between employee trust perceptions and workplace harmony in the Nigeria banking industry. The study being quasi-experimental is carried out using the cross sectional survey design and data is generated from a sample of 214 participants drawn from an accessible population of 637 staff of 10 selected banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. The findings support significant associations between the empirical referents of employee trust perceptions namely; perception of ability, perception of benevolence and perception of integrity; and the criterion variable, workplace harmony. In conclusion we propose a more transparent, consistent and representative system of management which not only recognizes employees within the organization but also allows for participation, feedback and member support.
This study examined the effect of Suggestion Scheme - a form of Employee Voice and Workers Commit... more This study examined the effect of Suggestion Scheme - a form of Employee Voice and Workers Commitment. Using Cross Sectional Survey design, a sample size of 357 workers from the banks in the South-South zone of Nigeria was used as respondents. We found that suggestion scheme had a significant positive effect on employees’ continuance and normative commitment but no significant effect on employee’s affective commitment. This result suggests that when organizations utilize suggestion scheme as a form of employee voice, workers will be morally obliged to remain with the organization and will stay because they would not want to lose their investment.
This study examined the relationship between Internal Attitude Survey and Workers Commitment. Usi... more This study examined the relationship between Internal Attitude Survey and Workers Commitment. Using Cross Sectional Survey design, a sample size of 357 employees from the Banking Industry in the South-South zone of Nigeria was used as respondents. The results drawn from the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation showed that Internal Attitude Survey had a significant positive association with workers continuance and normative commitment, but no significant association with workers affective commitment. This result suggest that when employees views and feelings are known by management and positive steps taken to redress imbalances, employees will be morally obliged to remain with the organization and will not be willing to leave the organization because of possible loss in their investment.
This study examined the relationship between Quality Circle and workers commitment. Respondents w... more This study examined the relationship between Quality Circle and workers commitment. Respondents were drawn from a sample size of 357 workers from the Banks in the South-South zone of Nigeria. The study employed Cross sectional survey design. With the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation, the following results were obtained: Quality Circle had a significant positive association with workers affective, continuance and normative commitment. Hence quality circle increased workers affective, continuance and normative commitment.
This study investigates the impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on the Learning
O... more This study investigates the impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on the Learning Organization (LO) in hotels situate in the South-South region of Nigeria and also to ascertain which dimension of OCB influence LO most. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a total sample size of 1450 workers. The questionnaire was used and distributed to the respondents in sections, which comprise the demographic background, dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior and measures of the learning organization. The reliability of the instruments were calculated and found to be within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7. The result of the analysis was computed using 1093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire. The Pearson Correlation statistics and multiple regressions were used in the analysis of the obtained data. The results showed that only four dimensions of OCB which are altruism, sportsmanship, courtesy and conscientiousness accounted for any variation in the learning organization, with courtesy contributing most. The study finally recommends that for sustainable development of the hotel industry in the 21st century, management should stimulate behaviors that will promote these dimensions of OCB which will further enhance the learning organization as a modernizing workplace in the 21st century.
This study reviewed the literature on International Research Collaboration and National
Developme... more This study reviewed the literature on International Research Collaboration and National Development. A country is said to be developed when it is able to provide good social amenities to its citizens. Developing countries are still trying to provide for the needs of their citizenry. Nations need to carry out international research collaborations in order to attain the goal of becoming a truly developed country. International research collaboration covers consultations, advice, site visits, conferences/symposia, complementary research agendas, joint research projects, sharing of research facilities, access to research data and discoveries, graduate student exchange programs and faculty exchange between international counterparts. When this is done, there will be positive benefits accruing to countries for sustainable development in this 21st century.
The association of team briefing and workers commitment was examined in this study. Respondents w... more The association of team briefing and workers commitment was examined in this study. Respondents were drawn from a sample of 357 bankers in the South-South zone of Nigeria. Cross Sectional survey design was utilized. With the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation, we obtained the following results: team briefing had a significant positive relationship with affective, continuance and normative commitment. This suggests that workers remain with their organization because they are emotionally tied to the organization and feel morally obliged to remain as well as not wanting to lose their investment in the organization.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opportunity for innovation and ... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opportunity for innovation and organizational citizenship behaviour in the Nigerian hospitality industry. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 1450 workers drawn from a population of 3768 workers in the South-South geopolitical region of Nigeria. The scales used were within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7, which was interpreted to be reliable. A total of 1,093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire were used for data analysis. Furthermore, the data obtained were analysed using the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient. The results reveal that opportunity for innovation is strongly related to altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, courtesy and sportsmanship. The findings suggest that organizations conducive for innovation tends to promote extra discretionary employee behaviour. The study concluded that in the presence of opportunity for innovation of the worker, organizational citizenship behaviour is activated.
The issue of workplace harmony has for decades prevailed as a central factor with regard to organ... more The issue of workplace harmony has for decades prevailed as a central factor with regard to organizational performance, member cooperation and success. This study examines using empirical methods the association between employee trust perceptions and workplace harmony in the Nigeria banking industry. The study being quasi-experimental is carried out using the cross sectional survey design and data is generated from a sample of 214 participants drawn from an accessible population of 637 staff of 10 selected banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. The findings support significant associations between the empirical referents of employee trust perceptions namely; perception of ability, perception of benevolence and perception of integrity; and the criterion variable, workplace harmony. In conclusion we propose a more transparent, consistent and representative system of management which not only recognizes employees within the organization but also allows for participation, feedback and member s...
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opportunity for innovation and ... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opportunity for innovation and organizational citizenship behaviour in the Nigerian hospitality industry. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 1450 workers drawn from a population of 3768 workers in the South-South geopolitical region of Nigeria. The scales used were within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7, which was interpreted to be reliable. A total of 1,093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire were used for data analysis. Furthermore, the data obtained were analysed using the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient. The results reveal that opportunity for innovation is strongly related to altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, courtesy and sportsmanship. The findings suggest that organizations conducive for innovation tends to promote extra discretionary employee behaviour. The study concluded that in the presence of opportunity for innovation of the worker, organizational ...
Noble and concerted efforts have been made in many respects in the development of Africa. Althoug... more Noble and concerted efforts have been made in many respects in the development of Africa. Although a lot seems to have been achieved, a lot more is still left to be desired in order to attain the optimum level of development and boost the contributions of African States, particularly those in the Sub-Saharan region, in key areas of positive global best practices . The need for the consciousness of maintenance culture cannot be over stressed if the continent is to attain her full potentials. Maintenance culture Management could act as a key driver in sustaining competitive advantage in as well as ensuring sustainability of processes in social and organizational settings. Thus, this is one critical area of immense potential developmental benefit to the continent and a veritable avenue to impact the global space. Through participative observation and desk research, this exploratory paper took an introspective look at the macro, micro and mini level perspectives of Maintenance culture Management. This was done to trigger behavioral alterations in the different dimensional perspectives and within the African continental environment with a view to changing the current unfavorable narrative and increasing her potentials for better global impact. Keywords : Africa, culture, development, global, maintenance, management. DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/64-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2020
This study examined the relationship between Internal Attitude Survey and Workers Commitment. Usi... more This study examined the relationship between Internal Attitude Survey and Workers Commitment. Using Cross Sectional Survey design, a sample size of 357 employees from the Banking Industry in the South-South zone of Nigeria was used as respondents. The results drawn from the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation showed that Internal Attitude Survey had a significant positive association with workers continuance and normative commitment, but no significant association with workers affective commitment. This result suggest that when employees views and feelings are known by management and positive steps taken to redress imbalances, employees will be morally obliged to remain with the organization and will not be willing to leave the organization because of possible loss in their investment. Keywords: Internal Attitude Survey, Affective Commitment, Continuance Commitment, Normative commitment
Organizational Justice is very topical for organizations to achieve competitive edge. Few studies... more Organizational Justice is very topical for organizations to achieve competitive edge. Few studies examined the three dimensions of organizational justice and its effect on employee work passion. Using Spearman Rank Order Correlational Coefficient, we tested our hypotheses with a sample of 313 university lecturers. We found that distributive justice had no relationship with employee work passion; procedural and interactional justice had a significant positive relationship with employee work passion. Keywords: Organizational Justice, Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice, Interactional Justice, Work Passion DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-14-06 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between opportunity for creativity and o... more The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between opportunity for creativity and organizational citizenship behaviour. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 1450 workers drawn from a population of 3768 workers. The scales used were within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7, which was interpreted to be reliable. A total of 1,093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire were used for data analysis. Furthermore, descriptive statistics were computed at the primary level of analysis, while the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient was used at the secondary level of analysis. The results reveal that opportunity for creativity is strongly related to altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, courtesy and sportsmanship The findings suggest that organizations conducive for creativity tends to promote extra discretionary employee behaviour
This study examined the effect of Employee Voice on Workers Commitment in the Banking Industry in... more This study examined the effect of Employee Voice on Workers Commitment in the Banking Industry in Nigeria. Seven research questions and seventeen hypotheses were proposed to test the relationship between Employee Voice and Workers Commitment. The quantitative research data was gathered with the aid of a five point likert scale questionnaire distributed to 357 employees, which is the corresponding sample size for the population of 5000 employees using Krejcie and Morgan’s Sample size determination. All the variables used for the study had a Cronbach Alpha above 0.7. With the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software, the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient was used to test fifteen out of the seventeen hypotheses. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to test the remaining two hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that Joint Consultation has a significant positive effect on workers Affective Commitment; Internal Attitude Survey and Suggestion Scheme has a significant...
The Nigerian Civil Service is one arguably fraught with high occasions of insubordination, disreg... more The Nigerian Civil Service is one arguably fraught with high occasions of insubordination, disregard for professionalism and nonchalance towards role expectations. Scores of previous research have investigated this phenomenon; however, it prevails with consequences most often embarrassing. This research examined the relationship between workers’incessant nonchalant attitude and the powerlessness of most first-line delegate authorities or unit heads in selected public parastatals in Rivers State, Nigeria. The concept of authority and power as regards punishment, sanctions and rewards are broadly discussed. The results from a sample of 12 departmental heads and 14 supervisors reveal a strong link between workers’ incessant nonchalant attitude and the inability of relevant first-line delegate authorities to take decisive measures or actions as espoused from the data. The implications of this finding are discussed and recommendations proffered accordingly.
European Journal of Business and Management Research
This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of Interactional Justice on Organizational Cit... more This study was carried out to ascertain the effect of Interactional Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of Academic Staff in Universities in Bayelsa State. Cross Sectional Research design was adopted. A sample size of 294 was obtained from a population of 1,268 workers, using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) Sample size determination table. With the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences, the Spearman Rank Order Correlational Coefficient was used to analyse the data. The results obtained showed a significant positive relationship between Interactional Justice and all measures of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (Altruism, Courtesy, Conscientiousness, Civic Virtue, and Sportsmanship), indicating that workers are very helpful and assist colleagues with problems. It was recommended that management should always be polite and respectful to employees and involve them in decision making because employees perception of equity breeds extra role behaviour.
The issue of workplace harmony has for decades prevailed as a central factor with regard to organ... more The issue of workplace harmony has for decades prevailed as a central factor with regard to organizational performance, member cooperation and success. This study examines using empirical methods the association between employee trust perceptions and workplace harmony in the Nigeria banking industry. The study being quasi-experimental is carried out using the cross sectional survey design and data is generated from a sample of 214 participants drawn from an accessible population of 637 staff of 10 selected banks in Rivers State, Nigeria. The findings support significant associations between the empirical referents of employee trust perceptions namely; perception of ability, perception of benevolence and perception of integrity; and the criterion variable, workplace harmony. In conclusion we propose a more transparent, consistent and representative system of management which not only recognizes employees within the organization but also allows for participation, feedback and member support.
This study examined the effect of Suggestion Scheme - a form of Employee Voice and Workers Commit... more This study examined the effect of Suggestion Scheme - a form of Employee Voice and Workers Commitment. Using Cross Sectional Survey design, a sample size of 357 workers from the banks in the South-South zone of Nigeria was used as respondents. We found that suggestion scheme had a significant positive effect on employees’ continuance and normative commitment but no significant effect on employee’s affective commitment. This result suggests that when organizations utilize suggestion scheme as a form of employee voice, workers will be morally obliged to remain with the organization and will stay because they would not want to lose their investment.
This study examined the relationship between Internal Attitude Survey and Workers Commitment. Usi... more This study examined the relationship between Internal Attitude Survey and Workers Commitment. Using Cross Sectional Survey design, a sample size of 357 employees from the Banking Industry in the South-South zone of Nigeria was used as respondents. The results drawn from the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation showed that Internal Attitude Survey had a significant positive association with workers continuance and normative commitment, but no significant association with workers affective commitment. This result suggest that when employees views and feelings are known by management and positive steps taken to redress imbalances, employees will be morally obliged to remain with the organization and will not be willing to leave the organization because of possible loss in their investment.
This study examined the relationship between Quality Circle and workers commitment. Respondents w... more This study examined the relationship between Quality Circle and workers commitment. Respondents were drawn from a sample size of 357 workers from the Banks in the South-South zone of Nigeria. The study employed Cross sectional survey design. With the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation, the following results were obtained: Quality Circle had a significant positive association with workers affective, continuance and normative commitment. Hence quality circle increased workers affective, continuance and normative commitment.
This study investigates the impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on the Learning
O... more This study investigates the impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on the Learning Organization (LO) in hotels situate in the South-South region of Nigeria and also to ascertain which dimension of OCB influence LO most. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a total sample size of 1450 workers. The questionnaire was used and distributed to the respondents in sections, which comprise the demographic background, dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior and measures of the learning organization. The reliability of the instruments were calculated and found to be within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7. The result of the analysis was computed using 1093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire. The Pearson Correlation statistics and multiple regressions were used in the analysis of the obtained data. The results showed that only four dimensions of OCB which are altruism, sportsmanship, courtesy and conscientiousness accounted for any variation in the learning organization, with courtesy contributing most. The study finally recommends that for sustainable development of the hotel industry in the 21st century, management should stimulate behaviors that will promote these dimensions of OCB which will further enhance the learning organization as a modernizing workplace in the 21st century.
This study reviewed the literature on International Research Collaboration and National
Developme... more This study reviewed the literature on International Research Collaboration and National Development. A country is said to be developed when it is able to provide good social amenities to its citizens. Developing countries are still trying to provide for the needs of their citizenry. Nations need to carry out international research collaborations in order to attain the goal of becoming a truly developed country. International research collaboration covers consultations, advice, site visits, conferences/symposia, complementary research agendas, joint research projects, sharing of research facilities, access to research data and discoveries, graduate student exchange programs and faculty exchange between international counterparts. When this is done, there will be positive benefits accruing to countries for sustainable development in this 21st century.
The association of team briefing and workers commitment was examined in this study. Respondents w... more The association of team briefing and workers commitment was examined in this study. Respondents were drawn from a sample of 357 bankers in the South-South zone of Nigeria. Cross Sectional survey design was utilized. With the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation, we obtained the following results: team briefing had a significant positive relationship with affective, continuance and normative commitment. This suggests that workers remain with their organization because they are emotionally tied to the organization and feel morally obliged to remain as well as not wanting to lose their investment in the organization.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opportunity for innovation and ... more The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between opportunity for innovation and organizational citizenship behaviour in the Nigerian hospitality industry. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 1450 workers drawn from a population of 3768 workers in the South-South geopolitical region of Nigeria. The scales used were within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7, which was interpreted to be reliable. A total of 1,093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire were used for data analysis. Furthermore, the data obtained were analysed using the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient. The results reveal that opportunity for innovation is strongly related to altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, courtesy and sportsmanship. The findings suggest that organizations conducive for innovation tends to promote extra discretionary employee behaviour. The study concluded that in the presence of opportunity for innovation of the worker, organizational citizenship behaviour is activated.
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Sectional Survey design, a sample size of 357 employees from the Banking Industry in the South-South zone of
Nigeria was used as respondents. The results drawn from the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation showed
that Internal Attitude Survey had a significant positive association with workers continuance and normative
commitment, but no significant association with workers affective commitment. This result suggest that when
employees views and feelings are known by management and positive steps taken to redress imbalances,
employees will be morally obliged to remain with the organization and will not be willing to leave the
organization because of possible loss in their investment.
Organization (LO) in hotels situate in the South-South region of Nigeria and also to ascertain
which dimension of OCB influence LO most. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a
total sample size of 1450 workers. The questionnaire was used and distributed to the respondents
in sections, which comprise the demographic background, dimensions of organizational
citizenship behavior and measures of the learning organization. The reliability of the instruments
were calculated and found to be within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7. The result of
the analysis was computed using 1093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire. The Pearson
Correlation statistics and multiple regressions were used in the analysis of the obtained data. The
results showed that only four dimensions of OCB which are altruism, sportsmanship, courtesy and
conscientiousness accounted for any variation in the learning organization, with courtesy
contributing most. The study finally recommends that for sustainable development of the hotel
industry in the 21st century, management should stimulate behaviors that will promote these
dimensions of OCB which will further enhance the learning organization as a modernizing
workplace in the 21st century.
Development. A country is said to be developed when it is able to provide good social
amenities to its citizens. Developing countries are still trying to provide for the needs of their
citizenry. Nations need to carry out international research collaborations in order to attain
the goal of becoming a truly developed country. International research collaboration
covers consultations, advice, site visits, conferences/symposia, complementary research
agendas, joint research projects, sharing of research facilities, access to research data and
discoveries, graduate student exchange programs and faculty exchange between
international counterparts. When this is done, there will be positive benefits accruing to
countries for sustainable development in this 21st century.
Sectional Survey design, a sample size of 357 employees from the Banking Industry in the South-South zone of
Nigeria was used as respondents. The results drawn from the use of Spearman Rank Order Correlation showed
that Internal Attitude Survey had a significant positive association with workers continuance and normative
commitment, but no significant association with workers affective commitment. This result suggest that when
employees views and feelings are known by management and positive steps taken to redress imbalances,
employees will be morally obliged to remain with the organization and will not be willing to leave the
organization because of possible loss in their investment.
Organization (LO) in hotels situate in the South-South region of Nigeria and also to ascertain
which dimension of OCB influence LO most. The cross sectional survey was conducted with a
total sample size of 1450 workers. The questionnaire was used and distributed to the respondents
in sections, which comprise the demographic background, dimensions of organizational
citizenship behavior and measures of the learning organization. The reliability of the instruments
were calculated and found to be within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha values of 0.7. The result of
the analysis was computed using 1093 copies of completed and usable questionnaire. The Pearson
Correlation statistics and multiple regressions were used in the analysis of the obtained data. The
results showed that only four dimensions of OCB which are altruism, sportsmanship, courtesy and
conscientiousness accounted for any variation in the learning organization, with courtesy
contributing most. The study finally recommends that for sustainable development of the hotel
industry in the 21st century, management should stimulate behaviors that will promote these
dimensions of OCB which will further enhance the learning organization as a modernizing
workplace in the 21st century.
Development. A country is said to be developed when it is able to provide good social
amenities to its citizens. Developing countries are still trying to provide for the needs of their
citizenry. Nations need to carry out international research collaborations in order to attain
the goal of becoming a truly developed country. International research collaboration
covers consultations, advice, site visits, conferences/symposia, complementary research
agendas, joint research projects, sharing of research facilities, access to research data and
discoveries, graduate student exchange programs and faculty exchange between
international counterparts. When this is done, there will be positive benefits accruing to
countries for sustainable development in this 21st century.