Papers by Idongesit Eshiet
revolution in information communication technology has created boundless opportunities for media ... more revolution in information communication technology has created boundless opportunities for media users. With the advent of mobile technology devices and the growth of social media platforms, endless access has been provided for the youths not only to consume media but also to make media and share it more easily and quickly. However, increased access to media consumption and creation has its latent consequences, one of such is gender-based violence. This paper investigated social media orchestrated gender-based violence among youths in Nigeria, using a combination of methods- content analysis of reported cases in the media and in-depth interview of victims. Findings reveal a dangerous pattern of social media orchestrated gender-based violence among youths. This calls for media literacy education for Nigerian youths on the need to use social media critically and cautiously.
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The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review, 2008
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Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy
Purpose The upsurge in global youth migration remains a major concern for policymakers, politicia... more Purpose The upsurge in global youth migration remains a major concern for policymakers, politicians and academia at large. Given the emerging interests in youth migration and informal jobs in cities around the world, this study aims to establish the barriers limiting the transition of migrant youths, in informal settings, into formal jobs and the consequent impact on their livelihood. Design/methodology/approach Leveraging the push-pull approach of the functionalist migration school, this study uses a primary research design. A structured questionnaire was administered among 150 migrant youths who were selected across informal settings in Lagos, using a convenient sampling technique. Then, a structured face-to-face interview was later conducted among 40 selected migrant youths. Findings There is a skill mismatch between the competence of the youths and the requirements of firms in the formal sector, and the migrant youths are largely disenfranchised from opportunities that flow with...
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Benin Journal of Social Sciences , 2018
The study investigated the coping strategies of slum dwellers in response to flood hazards in Lag... more The study investigated the coping strategies of slum dwellers in response to flood hazards in Lagos, Nigeria. Flooding has increased in frequency and magnitude in recent times in Lagos, culminating in the loss of lives and assets. Slum dwellers within the Lagos metropolis are particularly vulnerable to flood disasters due to poor planning, infrastructural decay, overcrowding and poor sanitation habits of residents. The study therefore, sought to unravel the impact of floods on livelihoods and assets of slum dwellers and the strategies adopted by them to mitigate these impacts, using Ilaje-Bariga and Makoko communities (two flood prone slums) as study areas. Mix methodscross sectional survey and focus group discussions were used to gather both quantitative and qualitative data on the coping strategies of respondents. The study underpins its arguments on the social vulnerability and adaptation approach. Finding of the study reveal that respondents' perception of the major cause of flood hazard is the indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in flood drainages by residents. It further reveals that despite the consistent annual flood hazards in these communities, there has been no organized state support for flood victims. Individuals/households are left to devise their coping strategies. The study recommends that Government's efforts at flood disaster management in urban slums such as Ilaje-Bariga and Makoko communities should equally emphasize the nonstructural aspect of flood management such as behavioural change, which is currently not prioritised in flood disaster management.
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Nation Building in Africa: Issues, Challenges and Emerging Trends, 2021
Although the military has no constitutional role in politics, it has however remained a permanent... more Although the military has no constitutional role in politics, it has however remained a permanent feature in the African political landscape. This chapter examines military involvement in politics and governance and its impact on nation building in Africa using secondary sources. Specifically, the chapter assesses the military professional organization and its constitutional role in the state. It examines the reasons why African armies meddle into politics, a domain that is outside their constitutional role. It also assesses the performance of the military while in governance. Finding reveals a myriad of factors that have made the political terrain attractive to the military such as civilian misrule. It also shows that years of military rule did not usher in the desired nation building. This led to a clamour for the return to civil rule from the 1990s. Today, a majority of African states operate civil regimes and military takeovers have become unfashionable therefore raising a fundamental issue ‘if there is a future for military rule in Africa.’ Inferences from present socio-economic and political realities in the continent reveal the imminence of military coups. The chapter therefore concludes that military rule may remain a permanent feature in Africa’s political landscape if civil mis-governance continues as usual. This however, poses a challenge to nation building as military rule is antithetical to nation building.
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필기 한글 인식은 지금까지 많은 연구가 이루어졌음에도 아직까지 해결되지 못한 어려운 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 중첩 클러스터링과 다중 신경망을 이용하여 필기 한글을 인식하는 방... more 필기 한글 인식은 지금까지 많은 연구가 이루어졌음에도 아직까지 해결되지 못한 어려운 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 중첩 클러스터링과 다중 신경망을 이용하여 필기 한글을 인식하는 방법을 제안하였다. 한글은 문자 클래스의 수가 많아 단일 신경망으로는 인식하기 어렵다. 따라서 신경망을 이용하여 필기 한글을 인식할 경우 먼저 한글 문자들을 몇 개의 클러스터로 나눈 후 이를 기반으로 입력 문자를 대분류 한후 각 클러스터에 내에서 신경망을 이용하여 상세 분류를 수행한다. 그러나 이와 같은 시스템에서는 대분류 과정에서 많은 오류가 발생하여 전체 인식률을 저하시킨다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대분류를 통해 각 신경망이 분류할 대상 클래스를 축소하되, 대분류 단계에서 자주 혼동되는 문자 클래스를 복수의 클러스터에 중복되도록 소속시킴으로써 대분류 오류를 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 방법을 기존에 많이 사용되는 6형식 분류 기반의 신경망 인식기와 비교한 결과 제안하는 방법이 더 높은 인식률을 나타내었다.
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BMC Public Health, 2022
Background Nigeria’s child health profile is quite concerning with an infant mortality rate of 67... more Background Nigeria’s child health profile is quite concerning with an infant mortality rate of 67 deaths per 1000 live births and a significant slowing down in progress towards improving child health outcomes. Nigeria’s 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) suggests several bio-demographic risk factors for child death, including mother’s poor education, poverty, sex of child, age of mother, and location (rural vs urban) but studies are yet to explore the predictive power of these variables on infant survival in Nigeria. Methods The study extracted data for all births in the last 12 months preceding the 2018 Nigeria DHS and used the Cox proportional hazard model to predict infant survival in Nigeria. Failure in this analysis is death with two possible outcomes – dead/alive – while the survival time variable is age at death. We censored infants who were alive at the time of the study on the day of the interview. Covariates in the analysis were: age of mother, education of mother, w...
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International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement, 2019
The article assesses the importance of citizen engagement in engendering good governance in the h... more The article assesses the importance of citizen engagement in engendering good governance in the health sector. However, citizens need an effective ‘voice' in order to be heard. Thus, the article argues for the need to utilise existing civic organizations like the rural women's associations as platforms of civic engagements. Using Akwa Ibom state as a study location, the article investigated the role of rural women's associations in citizen engagement in the primary health sector. Findings reveal that although rural women's associations are engaged in diverse socio-economic and political activities, they however do not engage in socially accountable activities. Nevertheless, findings further reveal that associations have the potentials of becoming platforms for social accountability if harnessed by development partners. The argument of the study is anchored on the participatory development approach which argues about the need for beneficiaries of development to become active participants in the development process.
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Africa Media Review: Special Issue on Gender and Media , 2015
The objective of this paper is to investigate the gendered portrayal of political actors in Niger... more The objective of this paper is to investigate the gendered portrayal of political actors in Nigerian print media and its impact on women’s political participation based on an empirical study. The study adopted a combination of methods – content analysis and cross-sectional survey. A case study of the coverage of the corruption charges of two former Speakers of the lower legislature (male and female, respectively) during the 2007-2011 administration was conducted on two purposely selected daily newspapers – The Punch and The Guardian. To complement the findings of the content analysis, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample size of 100 respondents on their perception of media portrayal of female politicians. Findings of the content analyses revealed that the coverage of the cases was gendered, with the female Speaker’s case being sensationalised, hyped and trivialised. However, the findings of the survey indicate that a majority of the respondents saw the coverage as just...
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International Journal of Economy, Management and Social Sciences, 2014
The revolution in information communication technology has created boundless opportunities for me... more The revolution in information communication technology has created boundless opportunities for media users. With the advent of mobile technology devices and the growth of social media platforms, endless access has been provided for the youths not only to consume media but also to make media and share it more easily and quickly. However, increased access to media consumption and creation has its latent consequences, one of such is gender-based violence. This paper investigated social media orchestrated gender-based violence among youths in Nigeria, using a combination of methods - content analysis of reported cases in the media and in-depth interview of victims. Findings reveal a dangerous pattern of social media orchestrated gender-based violence among youths. This calls for media literacy education for Nigerian youths on the need to use social media critically and cautiously.
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Reproductive Health, 2018
Background: Early childbearing comes at high health costs to girls, the children they bear, their... more Background: Early childbearing comes at high health costs to girls, the children they bear, their future life chances and the larger society. Nationally representative data suggest variation in onset of childbearing across regions and states of the country. Yet, there is need for strong evidence on how background characteristics explain time to first birth among young females across regions in Nigeria.
Methods: We analysed the 2013 DHS dataset using Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression. The outcome variable is age at onset of childbearing with location (rural/urban), education, religion, wealth index, region and having ever married/ cohabited as covariates. Models were computed for national level analysis and the six regions of the country.
Results: The effect of marriage/cohabitation on time to first birth is strong and universal across the regions. Ever married girls had higher adjusted hazard ratios for starting childbearing than single girls, ranging from 5.35 in the South South to 44.62 in the North West (p<0.001 in all models). Education also has significant effect on time to first birth across regions. The significance of state of residence, wealth, and religion varies across regions.
Conclusion: We conclude that the combinations of factors that explain onset of childbearing vary across regions. Therefore, context specific factors should be considered in program designs aimed at achieving a significant reduction in early childbearing and similar problems in Nigeria. Keywords: Adolescent childbearing, Regional variation in Nigeria, Early marriage and cohabitation, Reproductive health, Survival analysis, Wealth
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Human Rights, Public Values and Leadership in Healthcare Policy, 2019
This chapter addresses the feasibility of Nigeria achieving Target 3.1 of Sustainable Development... more This chapter addresses the feasibility of Nigeria achieving Target 3.1 of Sustainable Development Goal 3, which aims at reducing maternal deaths to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Maternal deaths occur due to lack of access to maternal healthcare, which encompasses the healthcare dimensions of family planning, preconception, prenatal, and postnatal care for women. Nigeria is presently the second largest contributor to maternal deaths globally, having a maternal mortality ratio of 814 per 100,000 live births. Will Nigeria achieve this goal by 2030? This chapter assesses the maternal health landscape of Nigeria and the measures taken by the government to address maternal health from the perspective of the feasibility of achieving SDG 3, Target 3.1 by 2030.
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The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social and Community Studies, 2015
The paper assesses the religious and social perspectives on women’s reproductive health rights ... more The paper assesses the religious and social perspectives on women’s reproductive health rights in Nigeria. Reproductive health deals with the physical, mental, and social well-being of individuals in all matters relating to their reproductive system. Reproductive health rights, therefore, imply that individuals should be able to have a satisfying and safe sexual life, with the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so. However, these rights are oftentimes hindered by socio-cultural and religious barriers. The paper assesses the socio-cultural and religious barriers to women’s reproductive health rights in Nigeria, based on secondary data. The sociological theories of gender roles serve as the theoretical underpinning of the paper. Findings reveal that socio-cultural and religious attitudes have affected women’s reproductive health in Nigeria, thus resulting in high incidence of unwanted pregnancies, abortions, maternal mortality and sexually transmitted infections. The paper recommends value reorientation as a panacea for this ugly situation. This should be done through community participatory approach, in which community members are involved in decision-making in devising culturally and religiously oriented reproductive health programs to meet men and women’s reproductive health needs.
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International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 2008
In recent times, manifestations of poverty which are particularly striking have been related to t... more In recent times, manifestations of poverty which are particularly striking have been related to the Urbanization, Feminization and Africanisation of poverty. It is currently estimated that about half of the poor lives in the urban areas and this figure is drastically increasing with 90% in Latin America, 45% in Asia and 40% in Africa. Although in statistical terms, Africa presents the lowest rates of urban poverty and urbanization worldwide, however, it is also the region where the pace and scope of urban poverty is the highest. According to the United Nations (2003), 71% of city dwellers in Sub Saharan Africa are poor. Thus, rapid urbanization is one of the most significant processes affecting Africa and shaping her future. The consequence of this is a radical transformation in the structure of urban centers, accompanied by complex social, economic and environmental changes. Thus, urbanization as a strategy of development, within peripheral capitalist states, generates and accentuates many of the contradictions it was supposed to solve, and women as producers and consumers both in the rural and urban areas have increasingly become victims of these contradictions. Women, become more of the victims of urbanization as their status declines with their diminished productive role in the transition to an urban economy based on wage labour. Women become particularly vulnerable to poverty as gender interacts at every facet of life to create, reproduce and perpetuate female’s poverty, hence the feminization of poverty. Thus, a gender analysis of urban poverty becomes necessary, as this stands to illuminate the processes and dynamics of poverty, and hence, further enrich our understanding of the phenomenon of urbanization and poverty.
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Books by Idongesit Eshiet
Re-examining Gender, Gender Roles and Identity in Nigeria: The Fattening Room Tradition of the Efik , 2022
The African universe is typically one whole interconnected commune of existence. Just as the worl... more The African universe is typically one whole interconnected commune of existence. Just as the world of the living, the dead and the unborn connect in a transcendental manner, the flora and fauna are closely connected to the general and overarching cognition of the natural African person. It is in this very sense that ‘we are what we eat’, an idea that reflects the significance of dietary content to people’s general well-being and sociocultural outlook. For the Africans, therefore, food is life! By extension, in the circle and context of education, we can equally posit that ‘we are what we are taught and what we read’. To this end, the very essence of the Fattening Room practice among the Efik is to make women into what the society wants them to be. In this outlook to life and the world, the rites of passage through the cyclicity of life must be unbroken. Different commentaries already show that, as far as connubial relations are concerned, an average Efik woman has the requisite native education and training needed to hold onto a man and make a lasting home. In the fattening room, an Efik woman is groomed and moulded to know how to care for her prospective husband and what it takes to look after her future home. Regrettably, the fattening room practice is fast waning due to modernity. This book is a report of the field work on the fattening room practice of the Efik, conducted in Calabar, Cross River State in June, 2021. The study utilized the in-depth and key informant interviews as well as the focus group discussions methods to gather qualitative data from maidens who have ever been in the fattening room; chaperons; parents of ever been to fattening room maidens and leaders who are knowledgeable about the practice in the community. Findings reveal the fattening room practice as a rich cultural heritage of the Efik, which is however weakening and fast disappearing, due to the criminalizing of a major aspect of the practice – FGM; also due to the perceived not-too-healthy act of overfeeding the maiden in the fattening room, as well as the traditional length of time for which maidens are expected to stay in the fattening room, which varies from one month to seven years. While the fourth is the fact that many have linked the Anansa river goddess and Egbe ritual to the fattening room practice. This has occasioned a reality in which many who are Christians are seen to frown at the age-old practice. This book is therefore of very strategic importance. This is because essential information disappears with a waning culture.
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Papers by Idongesit Eshiet
Methods: We analysed the 2013 DHS dataset using Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression. The outcome variable is age at onset of childbearing with location (rural/urban), education, religion, wealth index, region and having ever married/ cohabited as covariates. Models were computed for national level analysis and the six regions of the country.
Results: The effect of marriage/cohabitation on time to first birth is strong and universal across the regions. Ever married girls had higher adjusted hazard ratios for starting childbearing than single girls, ranging from 5.35 in the South South to 44.62 in the North West (p<0.001 in all models). Education also has significant effect on time to first birth across regions. The significance of state of residence, wealth, and religion varies across regions.
Conclusion: We conclude that the combinations of factors that explain onset of childbearing vary across regions. Therefore, context specific factors should be considered in program designs aimed at achieving a significant reduction in early childbearing and similar problems in Nigeria. Keywords: Adolescent childbearing, Regional variation in Nigeria, Early marriage and cohabitation, Reproductive health, Survival analysis, Wealth
Books by Idongesit Eshiet
Methods: We analysed the 2013 DHS dataset using Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression. The outcome variable is age at onset of childbearing with location (rural/urban), education, religion, wealth index, region and having ever married/ cohabited as covariates. Models were computed for national level analysis and the six regions of the country.
Results: The effect of marriage/cohabitation on time to first birth is strong and universal across the regions. Ever married girls had higher adjusted hazard ratios for starting childbearing than single girls, ranging from 5.35 in the South South to 44.62 in the North West (p<0.001 in all models). Education also has significant effect on time to first birth across regions. The significance of state of residence, wealth, and religion varies across regions.
Conclusion: We conclude that the combinations of factors that explain onset of childbearing vary across regions. Therefore, context specific factors should be considered in program designs aimed at achieving a significant reduction in early childbearing and similar problems in Nigeria. Keywords: Adolescent childbearing, Regional variation in Nigeria, Early marriage and cohabitation, Reproductive health, Survival analysis, Wealth