Purpose - This article deals with the impact of ethnic origin on individual employability, focuss... more Purpose - This article deals with the impact of ethnic origin on individual employability, focussing on the first stage of the hiring process. Deeply, the authors’ goal is to fathom whether there is a preference for native job candidates over immigrants, decomposing the discrimination against minority groups into its statistical and taste-based components by means of a new approach. Design/methodology/approach - The authors built up a data set by means of an ad hoc field experiment, conducted by sending equivalent fictitious CVs in response to 1000 real online job openings in Italy. The authors developed the discrimination decomposition index using first- and second-generation immigrants. Findings - The authors’ main result is that both first- and second-generation immigrants are discriminated compared to Italians. In between the two categories, second-generation candidates are discriminated especially if their ethnicities are morphologically different from those of natives (i.e. Ch...
Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the gender attitudes influence on the partners’ alloc... more Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the gender attitudes influence on the partners’ allocation of both paid and unpaid work hours when they experienced the transition to parenthood. To this purpose, we use a cluster-based classification of couples according to gender attitudes. The classification gives dummies that are added as explanatory variables in a Difference-in-Differences estimation procedure. We adjust for endogeneity of fertility on working activities by introducing a specific instrumental variable. For the empirical analysis we use data on Italian married and cohabiting couples provided by the Istat Multipurpose Panel Survey in the years 2003 and 2007.
The effect of transition to parenthood on the labour division of Italian couples is estimated ado... more The effect of transition to parenthood on the labour division of Italian couples is estimated adopting a Difference-in-Differences specification of simultaneous equations of paid and unpaid work. In addition, a cluster-based classification of couples is provided to identify the influence of gender and familistic beliefs on partners’ division of labour. For the empirical analysis we use data on Italian couples provided by the Istat Multipurpose Panel Survey in years 2003 and 2007.
Empirical studies show that misspecification of the married (or cohabiting) women's labour su... more Empirical studies show that misspecification of the married (or cohabiting) women's labour supply equation may produce inefficient wage-elasticity estimates. In order to reduce the variability of these estimates, we suggest a new approach based on instrumental variables given by the economic value of the domestic unpaid-work of women. Using Italian micro-data on time use (ISTAT Survey on Time Use), and applying both a parametric and a semiparametric procedure, we estimate robust wage-elasticity coefficients of married women’s labour supply. Our results suggest that women’s labour supply is negatively influenced by the indirect cost of their informal activity of childcare and domestic work.
The empirical analysis of the intra-household allocation of time in Italy has been greatly develo... more The empirical analysis of the intra-household allocation of time in Italy has been greatly developed in the last decade. The literature suggests that female labour market participation in Italy is lower than in other European countries; conversely, the contribution in terms of domestic work and childcare by Italian men is very low. Studies found that the unequal labour division within the family strongly depends on the traditional social norms as gender role, and on the cultural background of the subjects. However, Italy is a host country with immigrants, and a quite large number of resident families is fully or partially composed by immigrants coming from countries with different cultural background. The aim of this paper is to investigate if people resident in Italy but born in other countries, suffer from the same decision-making process of traditional Italian families, involving a gendered division of roles in the intra-household allocation of time. Selecting a sample from the I...
Several studies show that the way in which children spend their time affects their cognitive and ... more Several studies show that the way in which children spend their time affects their cognitive and social development (Harding, 1997; Hofferth and Sandberg, 2001) and to answer some question, such as " What are children doing " taking into account children as primary source of information, is necessary for to study children's well-being (Ben-Arieh et al., 2001). Starting from an alternative way of measuring society's well-being, based on time use and affective (emotional) experience, called approach National Time Accounting (NTA) (Krueger, 2009), I try to understand how Italian children spend their time. But, the time that the child dedicates to compulsory (school and personal tasks) and extra-curricular activities depends upon a set of key factors such as: family demographic and economic characteristics (Larson and Verma, 1999; Brown, 2004), social and behavioural norms, and how parents allocate their time. Often, child is not free to choose especially in the first ...
The empirical analysis of the intra-household allocation of time in Italy has been greatly develo... more The empirical analysis of the intra-household allocation of time in Italy has been greatly developed in the last decade. The literature suggests that female labour market participation in Italy is lower than in other European countries; conversely, the contribution in terms of domestic work and childcare by Italian men is very low. Studies found that the unequal labour division within the family strongly depends on the traditional social norms as gender role, and on the cultural background of the subjects. However, Italy is a host country with immigrants, and a quite large number of resident families is fully or partially composed by immigrants coming from countries with different cultural background. The aim of this paper is to investigate if people resident in Italy but born in other countries, suffer from the same decision-making process of traditional Italian families, involving a gendered division of roles in the intra-household allocation of time. Selecting a sample from the I...
A Difference-in-Differences estimation procedure of market and domestic work of both partners is ... more A Difference-in-Differences estimation procedure of market and domestic work of both partners is adopted to study the changes in the allocation of market and domestic work among Italian married or cohabiting adults in their 50s and 60s after the retirement of man. Estimation results allow us to evaluate how much men increase their commitment in domestic activities as effect of the transition to retirement and how much this propensity is hampered by the gender ideology's influence. This result has been obtained providing proper methodological instruments to specify the gender attitudes' influence.
Purpose - This article deals with the impact of ethnic origin on individual employability, focuss... more Purpose - This article deals with the impact of ethnic origin on individual employability, focussing on the first stage of the hiring process. Deeply, the authors’ goal is to fathom whether there is a preference for native job candidates over immigrants, decomposing the discrimination against minority groups into its statistical and taste-based components by means of a new approach. Design/methodology/approach - The authors built up a data set by means of an ad hoc field experiment, conducted by sending equivalent fictitious CVs in response to 1000 real online job openings in Italy. The authors developed the discrimination decomposition index using first- and second-generation immigrants. Findings - The authors’ main result is that both first- and second-generation immigrants are discriminated compared to Italians. In between the two categories, second-generation candidates are discriminated especially if their ethnicities are morphologically different from those of natives (i.e. Ch...
Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the gender attitudes influence on the partners’ alloc... more Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the gender attitudes influence on the partners’ allocation of both paid and unpaid work hours when they experienced the transition to parenthood. To this purpose, we use a cluster-based classification of couples according to gender attitudes. The classification gives dummies that are added as explanatory variables in a Difference-in-Differences estimation procedure. We adjust for endogeneity of fertility on working activities by introducing a specific instrumental variable. For the empirical analysis we use data on Italian married and cohabiting couples provided by the Istat Multipurpose Panel Survey in the years 2003 and 2007.
The effect of transition to parenthood on the labour division of Italian couples is estimated ado... more The effect of transition to parenthood on the labour division of Italian couples is estimated adopting a Difference-in-Differences specification of simultaneous equations of paid and unpaid work. In addition, a cluster-based classification of couples is provided to identify the influence of gender and familistic beliefs on partners’ division of labour. For the empirical analysis we use data on Italian couples provided by the Istat Multipurpose Panel Survey in years 2003 and 2007.
Empirical studies show that misspecification of the married (or cohabiting) women's labour su... more Empirical studies show that misspecification of the married (or cohabiting) women's labour supply equation may produce inefficient wage-elasticity estimates. In order to reduce the variability of these estimates, we suggest a new approach based on instrumental variables given by the economic value of the domestic unpaid-work of women. Using Italian micro-data on time use (ISTAT Survey on Time Use), and applying both a parametric and a semiparametric procedure, we estimate robust wage-elasticity coefficients of married women’s labour supply. Our results suggest that women’s labour supply is negatively influenced by the indirect cost of their informal activity of childcare and domestic work.
The empirical analysis of the intra-household allocation of time in Italy has been greatly develo... more The empirical analysis of the intra-household allocation of time in Italy has been greatly developed in the last decade. The literature suggests that female labour market participation in Italy is lower than in other European countries; conversely, the contribution in terms of domestic work and childcare by Italian men is very low. Studies found that the unequal labour division within the family strongly depends on the traditional social norms as gender role, and on the cultural background of the subjects. However, Italy is a host country with immigrants, and a quite large number of resident families is fully or partially composed by immigrants coming from countries with different cultural background. The aim of this paper is to investigate if people resident in Italy but born in other countries, suffer from the same decision-making process of traditional Italian families, involving a gendered division of roles in the intra-household allocation of time. Selecting a sample from the I...
Several studies show that the way in which children spend their time affects their cognitive and ... more Several studies show that the way in which children spend their time affects their cognitive and social development (Harding, 1997; Hofferth and Sandberg, 2001) and to answer some question, such as " What are children doing " taking into account children as primary source of information, is necessary for to study children's well-being (Ben-Arieh et al., 2001). Starting from an alternative way of measuring society's well-being, based on time use and affective (emotional) experience, called approach National Time Accounting (NTA) (Krueger, 2009), I try to understand how Italian children spend their time. But, the time that the child dedicates to compulsory (school and personal tasks) and extra-curricular activities depends upon a set of key factors such as: family demographic and economic characteristics (Larson and Verma, 1999; Brown, 2004), social and behavioural norms, and how parents allocate their time. Often, child is not free to choose especially in the first ...
The empirical analysis of the intra-household allocation of time in Italy has been greatly develo... more The empirical analysis of the intra-household allocation of time in Italy has been greatly developed in the last decade. The literature suggests that female labour market participation in Italy is lower than in other European countries; conversely, the contribution in terms of domestic work and childcare by Italian men is very low. Studies found that the unequal labour division within the family strongly depends on the traditional social norms as gender role, and on the cultural background of the subjects. However, Italy is a host country with immigrants, and a quite large number of resident families is fully or partially composed by immigrants coming from countries with different cultural background. The aim of this paper is to investigate if people resident in Italy but born in other countries, suffer from the same decision-making process of traditional Italian families, involving a gendered division of roles in the intra-household allocation of time. Selecting a sample from the I...
A Difference-in-Differences estimation procedure of market and domestic work of both partners is ... more A Difference-in-Differences estimation procedure of market and domestic work of both partners is adopted to study the changes in the allocation of market and domestic work among Italian married or cohabiting adults in their 50s and 60s after the retirement of man. Estimation results allow us to evaluate how much men increase their commitment in domestic activities as effect of the transition to retirement and how much this propensity is hampered by the gender ideology's influence. This result has been obtained providing proper methodological instruments to specify the gender attitudes' influence.
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