The exposure of the Arctic ecosystem to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was assessed through... more The exposure of the Arctic ecosystem to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was assessed through a review of literature data. Concentrations of 19 chemicals or congeneric groups were estimated for the highest levels of the Arctic food chain (Arctic cod, ringed seals, and polar bears). The ecotoxicological risk for seals, bears, and bear cubs was estimated by applying the concentration addition (CA) concept. The risk of POP mixtures was very low in seals. By contrast, the risk was 2 orders of magnitude higher than the risk threshold for adult polar bears and even more (3 orders of magnitude above the threshold) for bear cubs fed with contaminated milk. Based on the temporal trends available for many of the chemicals, the temporal trend of the mixture risk for bear cubs was calculated. Relative to the 1980s, a decrease in risk from the POP mixture is evident, mainly because of international control measures. However, the composition of the mixture substantially changes, and the contribution of new POPs (particularly perfluorooctane sulfonate) increases. These results support the effectiveness of control measures, such as those promulgated in the Stockholm Convention, as well as the urgent need for their implementation for new and emerging POPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;9999:1–12. # 2016 SETAC
... Measurements and Correlation Eros Baccl, *vt Davlde Calamarl,t Carlo Gagel,+ and Marco Vlghi&... more ... Measurements and Correlation Eros Baccl, *vt Davlde Calamarl,t Carlo Gagel,+ and Marco Vlghi' ... Following the indications of Travis and Hattemer-Frey (8), the Henry's law constant H and the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient KO, were considered. ...
The SCHER adopted this opinion at its 7th plenary on 18 May 2010 after public consultation 2 Abou... more The SCHER adopted this opinion at its 7th plenary on 18 May 2010 after public consultation 2 About the Scientific Committees Three independent non-food Scientific Committees provide the Commission with the scientific advice it needs when preparing policy and proposals relating to consumer safety, public health and the environment. The Committees also draw the Commission's attention to the new or emerging problems which may pose an actual or potential threat. They are: the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) and are made up of external experts. In addition, the Commission relies upon the work of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA), the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). SCHER Opinions on risks related...
... Plant biomass plays a significant role in the global environmental partitioning phenomena and... more ... Plant biomass plays a significant role in the global environmental partitioning phenomena and plants are good indicators of tropospheric contamination levels by chlorinated hydrocarbons. ... the global distribution as well as the air concentrations, the use patterns of the ...
... Measurements and Correlation Eros Baccl, *vt Davlde Calamarl,t Carlo Gagel,+ and Marco Vlghi&... more ... Measurements and Correlation Eros Baccl, *vt Davlde Calamarl,t Carlo Gagel,+ and Marco Vlghi' ... Following the indications of Travis and Hattemer-Frey (8), the Henry's law constant H and the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient KO, were considered. ...
The EU Water Framework Directive states that the management of surface water must be based on a s... more The EU Water Framework Directive states that the management of surface water must be based on a site-specific assessment of water quality, that is dependent on land use. As a result, to develop a robust chemical management policy for aquatic ecosystems, the ecotoxicological risk must be strictly related to the local conditions and characteristics of the system. This paper presents a methodology developed to assess the ecotoxicological risk of pesticides to site-specific aquatic ecosystems. Spatial and relational databases, provisional models and risk indices were integrated into Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to produce maps of exposure, effect and risk at watershed scale. Each active ingredient is characterised by a data set that includes input data as well as results represented by a risk assessment cartography. The aim of this procedure is to perform a site-specific risk assessment by integrating geographical distribution of predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), ecotoxicological effects and the potential/actual quality of the exposed ecosystem. Examples of pesticide risk maps for surface waters in Lombardia Region (Northern Italy) are shown.
Current methods for ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides on birds take into account pes... more Current methods for ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides on birds take into account pesticide properties and the bio-ecological characteristics of birds. However, there is a need to develop a spatially explicit method to refine the RA at different scales. A spatially explicit procedure has been developed to be applied at both field and sub-regional scales. An example of application on a pilot area characterised by intensive agriculture is provided. Focal species were selected as indicators of the different feeding habits and ecological role, considering the real presence in the area. Risk assessment and mapping were performed by integrating the existing toxicological data on birds from the literature with site-specific information providing maps for all pesticides used in the area. A software package was developed to automate the exposure assessment of pesticides on birds. A discussion on main critical issues related to actual risk assessment procedure is presented.
The exposure of the Arctic ecosystem to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was assessed through... more The exposure of the Arctic ecosystem to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was assessed through a review of literature data. Concentrations of 19 chemicals or congeneric groups were estimated for the highest levels of the Arctic food chain (Arctic cod, ringed seals, and polar bears). The ecotoxicological risk for seals, bears, and bear cubs was estimated by applying the concentration addition (CA) concept. The risk of POP mixtures was very low in seals. By contrast, the risk was 2 orders of magnitude higher than the risk threshold for adult polar bears and even more (3 orders of magnitude above the threshold) for bear cubs fed with contaminated milk. Based on the temporal trends available for many of the chemicals, the temporal trend of the mixture risk for bear cubs was calculated. Relative to the 1980s, a decrease in risk from the POP mixture is evident, mainly because of international control measures. However, the composition of the mixture substantially changes, and the contribution of new POPs (particularly perfluorooctane sulfonate) increases. These results support the effectiveness of control measures, such as those promulgated in the Stockholm Convention, as well as the urgent need for their implementation for new and emerging POPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;9999:1–12. # 2016 SETAC
... Measurements and Correlation Eros Baccl, *vt Davlde Calamarl,t Carlo Gagel,+ and Marco Vlghi&... more ... Measurements and Correlation Eros Baccl, *vt Davlde Calamarl,t Carlo Gagel,+ and Marco Vlghi' ... Following the indications of Travis and Hattemer-Frey (8), the Henry's law constant H and the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient KO, were considered. ...
The SCHER adopted this opinion at its 7th plenary on 18 May 2010 after public consultation 2 Abou... more The SCHER adopted this opinion at its 7th plenary on 18 May 2010 after public consultation 2 About the Scientific Committees Three independent non-food Scientific Committees provide the Commission with the scientific advice it needs when preparing policy and proposals relating to consumer safety, public health and the environment. The Committees also draw the Commission's attention to the new or emerging problems which may pose an actual or potential threat. They are: the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) and are made up of external experts. In addition, the Commission relies upon the work of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA), the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). SCHER Opinions on risks related...
... Plant biomass plays a significant role in the global environmental partitioning phenomena and... more ... Plant biomass plays a significant role in the global environmental partitioning phenomena and plants are good indicators of tropospheric contamination levels by chlorinated hydrocarbons. ... the global distribution as well as the air concentrations, the use patterns of the ...
... Measurements and Correlation Eros Baccl, *vt Davlde Calamarl,t Carlo Gagel,+ and Marco Vlghi&... more ... Measurements and Correlation Eros Baccl, *vt Davlde Calamarl,t Carlo Gagel,+ and Marco Vlghi' ... Following the indications of Travis and Hattemer-Frey (8), the Henry's law constant H and the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient KO, were considered. ...
The EU Water Framework Directive states that the management of surface water must be based on a s... more The EU Water Framework Directive states that the management of surface water must be based on a site-specific assessment of water quality, that is dependent on land use. As a result, to develop a robust chemical management policy for aquatic ecosystems, the ecotoxicological risk must be strictly related to the local conditions and characteristics of the system. This paper presents a methodology developed to assess the ecotoxicological risk of pesticides to site-specific aquatic ecosystems. Spatial and relational databases, provisional models and risk indices were integrated into Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to produce maps of exposure, effect and risk at watershed scale. Each active ingredient is characterised by a data set that includes input data as well as results represented by a risk assessment cartography. The aim of this procedure is to perform a site-specific risk assessment by integrating geographical distribution of predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), ecotoxicological effects and the potential/actual quality of the exposed ecosystem. Examples of pesticide risk maps for surface waters in Lombardia Region (Northern Italy) are shown.
Current methods for ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides on birds take into account pes... more Current methods for ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides on birds take into account pesticide properties and the bio-ecological characteristics of birds. However, there is a need to develop a spatially explicit method to refine the RA at different scales. A spatially explicit procedure has been developed to be applied at both field and sub-regional scales. An example of application on a pilot area characterised by intensive agriculture is provided. Focal species were selected as indicators of the different feeding habits and ecological role, considering the real presence in the area. Risk assessment and mapping were performed by integrating the existing toxicological data on birds from the literature with site-specific information providing maps for all pesticides used in the area. A software package was developed to automate the exposure assessment of pesticides on birds. A discussion on main critical issues related to actual risk assessment procedure is presented.
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