POSITION: PhD student, department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF). Working on analysis of road induced land degradation in mountain and agricultural areas. Member of the Earth Surface & Society working group (@EarthSurfS). RESEARCH INTERESTS: land degradation, bio-geomorphology, remote sensing - GIS, soil erosion, natural hazard. Phone: 049-8272700 Address: Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro (Padua, Italy)
The presence of roads is closely linked with the activation of land degradative phenomena such as... more The presence of roads is closely linked with the activation of land degradative phenomena such as landslides. Factors such as ineffective road management and design, local rainfall regimes, and specific geomorphological elements actively influence landslide occurrence. In this context, recent developments in digital photogramme-try (e.g., Structure from Motion; SfM) paired with Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) systems increase our possibilities to realize low-cost and recurrent topographic surveys. This can lead to the development of multi-temporal (hereafter: 4D) and high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), which are fundamental to analyse geo-morphological features and quantify processes at the fine spatial and temporal resolutions at which they occur. This research proposes a multi-temporal comparison of the main geomorphometric indicators describing a landslide-prone terraced vineyard to assess the observed high-steep slope failures. The possibility to investigate the evolution of landslide geomorphic features in steep agricultural systems through a high-resolution and 4D comparison of such indicators is still a challenge to be explored. In this article, we considered a case study located in the central Italian Alps, where two landslides were activated below a rural road within a terraced agricultural system. The dynamics of the landslides were monitored by comparing repeated DEMs (DEM of difference), which reported erosion values of above 20 m 3 and 10 m 3 for the two landslide zones and deposition values of more than 15 m 3 and 9 m 3 , respectively. The road net-work's role in the alteration of superficial water flows was proved by the elaboration of the relative path impact index. Altered water flows were expressed by values between 2σ and 4σ close to the collapsed surfaces. The increase in profile curvature and roughness index described the landslides evolution over time. Finally, the multi-temporal comparison of feature extraction underlined the geomorpho-logical changes affecting the study area. The accuracy of features extraction was analysed through the quality index computation, expressed in a range between 0 (low accuracy) and 1 (high accuracy), and proved to be equal to 0.22 m (L1-pre), 0.63 m (L1-post), and 0.69 m (L2). Results confirmed the usefulness of high-resolution and 4D UAV-based SfM surveys to investigate landslides triggering due to the presence of roads at hillslope scale in agricultural systems. This work could be a useful starting point for further studies of landslide susceptible zones on a wider scale to preserve the quality and the productivity of affected agricultural areas.
The spread diffusion of wildlife in agroecosystems has induced conflictual interactions with huma... more The spread diffusion of wildlife in agroecosystems has induced conflictual interactions with humans, representing a critical issue, especially in terms of damages made on crops. They include deterioration of green and woody parts of crops, removal of seeds, crushing of cultivations, soil degradation. In this regard, a multi-temporal geolocalization and quantification of wildlife impact in agricultural landscapes is still a challenging point to be explored. The purpose of this research is to present a methodological approach, with the involvement of citizens (farmers and fields' owners) in the data collection, to analyze wildlife damages. The study area is the Treviso province, located in North East of Italy. A multi-temporal analysis is carried out considering the period 2009 up to 2018. In detail, a multi-temporal thematic mapping was realized classifying data in terms of wildlife species, damaged crops, and surface covered by affected cultivations. Such data were then processed through multi-variate statistical analysis. The results provide a clear overview of the phenomena in the investigated region, highlighting the fact that the uncontrolled spread of wildlife is responsible for severe damages on agroecosystems. In this connection, damages made by winged species and wild boar are the most numerous, respectively, with 1007 and 497 damages within the considered period. Corn is the most damaged crop, with a total of 977 damages observed on it between 2009 and 2018. Cross tabulation and cluster analysis have confirmed the magnitude of the problem taken into account. Such information could be used then by the local administrations to better understand the phenomena, providing suitable measures to contain it.
Soil loss poses a threat to hilly and mountainous areas, particularly where local economies stron... more Soil loss poses a threat to hilly and mountainous areas, particularly where local economies strongly depend on agricultural production. Among agricultural landscapes, vineyards are responsible for the highest erosion rates, particularly in steep-slope landscapes. The impact of vineyard mechanisation on soil loss is only marginally explored in published literature. This study provides an estimation of the annual soil loss rate by application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in 24 terraced vineyards located in northeastern Italy. Field observations showed that 13 vineyards consisted of fully mechanised fields, 5 vineyards had no form of mechanisation, while in 6 vineyards a mixture of practices was found. Soil erodibility (K factor) was derived for these practices (based on soil characteristics and varying degrees of compaction), while slope length and steepness (LS factors) were calculated from a 1-m LiDAR-based DTM, and remaining factors were based on datasets by the European Soil Data Centre. Mechanised fields showed 29% higher erosion rates than non-mechanised fields (respectively 53.9 and 69.5 t ha-1 y-1), although this is not statistically significant. Still, the direct impact of mechanisation is underestimated in this comparison, due to the predominant steep slopes in the manually cultivated fields. Furthermore, estimated soil loss from mechanised fields in addition to mechanised paths and roads is significantly higher by 37% than non-mechanised fields. This study thus offers an indication of how machinery and related soil compaction and transformation of terraces and infrastructure, increases soil loss risk.
Among the main invasive species, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the most responsible for soil degr... more Among the main invasive species, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the most responsible for soil degradation in Europe and many Italian regions. At the same time, the stable presence of this species in agricultural areas has induced a conflict with humans, causing economic losses, environmental degradation and also social issues. A clear quantification of the potential damages (in terms of soil bioturbation) of this species at large scale is, however, still obscure. The purpose of this research is to analyse the role of wild boars as a geomorphologic agent, presenting a general diagnostic framework regarding the geomorphic impact of this species, classifying and mapping potential sediment hotspots and their likely connection to rivers and road networks. Accordingly, a record of wild boar damage types is first presented, and their possible interaction with hydrological and geomorphological processes is described. Then, a pilot case study is discussed on mapping and quantifying wild boar damages in a hilly agricultural landscape located in northeast Italy. The wild boar damages were geolocalized using a geographical positioning system (GPS) in two years of intensive field campaigns among agricultural fields involved in wild boar damaging activities. For each damaged area (total 406), several measures of soil erosion depth were taken and the degradation surface of interest mapped for a total of 10 150 measures. The volume of removed soil was then estimated, considering the average depth of damages previously recorded. Finally, the Index of Connectivity was applied to provide a classification of the considered damages based on their connection to both river and road networks. The results indicate that the ongoing uncontrolled wild boar expansion may not affect crops only or be a risk for people, but can also increase soil erosion, with a potential connection to hydrographic networks and human infrastructures.
The presence of roads is closely linked with the activation of land degradative phenomena such as... more The presence of roads is closely linked with the activation of land degradative phenomena such as landslides. Factors such as ineffective road management and design, local rainfall regimes, and specific geomorphological elements actively influence landslide occurrence. In this context, recent developments in digital photogramme-try (e.g., Structure from Motion; SfM) paired with Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) systems increase our possibilities to realize low-cost and recurrent topographic surveys. This can lead to the development of multi-temporal (hereafter: 4D) and high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), which are fundamental to analyse geo-morphological features and quantify processes at the fine spatial and temporal resolutions at which they occur. This research proposes a multi-temporal comparison of the main geomorphometric indicators describing a landslide-prone terraced vineyard to assess the observed high-steep slope failures. The possibility to investigate the evolution of landslide geomorphic features in steep agricultural systems through a high-resolution and 4D comparison of such indicators is still a challenge to be explored. In this article, we considered a case study located in the central Italian Alps, where two landslides were activated below a rural road within a terraced agricultural system. The dynamics of the landslides were monitored by comparing repeated DEMs (DEM of difference), which reported erosion values of above 20 m 3 and 10 m 3 for the two landslide zones and deposition values of more than 15 m 3 and 9 m 3 , respectively. The road net-work's role in the alteration of superficial water flows was proved by the elaboration of the relative path impact index. Altered water flows were expressed by values between 2σ and 4σ close to the collapsed surfaces. The increase in profile curvature and roughness index described the landslides evolution over time. Finally, the multi-temporal comparison of feature extraction underlined the geomorpho-logical changes affecting the study area. The accuracy of features extraction was analysed through the quality index computation, expressed in a range between 0 (low accuracy) and 1 (high accuracy), and proved to be equal to 0.22 m (L1-pre), 0.63 m (L1-post), and 0.69 m (L2). Results confirmed the usefulness of high-resolution and 4D UAV-based SfM surveys to investigate landslides triggering due to the presence of roads at hillslope scale in agricultural systems. This work could be a useful starting point for further studies of landslide susceptible zones on a wider scale to preserve the quality and the productivity of affected agricultural areas.
The spread diffusion of wildlife in agroecosystems has induced conflictual interactions with huma... more The spread diffusion of wildlife in agroecosystems has induced conflictual interactions with humans, representing a critical issue, especially in terms of damages made on crops. They include deterioration of green and woody parts of crops, removal of seeds, crushing of cultivations, soil degradation. In this regard, a multi-temporal geolocalization and quantification of wildlife impact in agricultural landscapes is still a challenging point to be explored. The purpose of this research is to present a methodological approach, with the involvement of citizens (farmers and fields' owners) in the data collection, to analyze wildlife damages. The study area is the Treviso province, located in North East of Italy. A multi-temporal analysis is carried out considering the period 2009 up to 2018. In detail, a multi-temporal thematic mapping was realized classifying data in terms of wildlife species, damaged crops, and surface covered by affected cultivations. Such data were then processed through multi-variate statistical analysis. The results provide a clear overview of the phenomena in the investigated region, highlighting the fact that the uncontrolled spread of wildlife is responsible for severe damages on agroecosystems. In this connection, damages made by winged species and wild boar are the most numerous, respectively, with 1007 and 497 damages within the considered period. Corn is the most damaged crop, with a total of 977 damages observed on it between 2009 and 2018. Cross tabulation and cluster analysis have confirmed the magnitude of the problem taken into account. Such information could be used then by the local administrations to better understand the phenomena, providing suitable measures to contain it.
Soil loss poses a threat to hilly and mountainous areas, particularly where local economies stron... more Soil loss poses a threat to hilly and mountainous areas, particularly where local economies strongly depend on agricultural production. Among agricultural landscapes, vineyards are responsible for the highest erosion rates, particularly in steep-slope landscapes. The impact of vineyard mechanisation on soil loss is only marginally explored in published literature. This study provides an estimation of the annual soil loss rate by application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in 24 terraced vineyards located in northeastern Italy. Field observations showed that 13 vineyards consisted of fully mechanised fields, 5 vineyards had no form of mechanisation, while in 6 vineyards a mixture of practices was found. Soil erodibility (K factor) was derived for these practices (based on soil characteristics and varying degrees of compaction), while slope length and steepness (LS factors) were calculated from a 1-m LiDAR-based DTM, and remaining factors were based on datasets by the European Soil Data Centre. Mechanised fields showed 29% higher erosion rates than non-mechanised fields (respectively 53.9 and 69.5 t ha-1 y-1), although this is not statistically significant. Still, the direct impact of mechanisation is underestimated in this comparison, due to the predominant steep slopes in the manually cultivated fields. Furthermore, estimated soil loss from mechanised fields in addition to mechanised paths and roads is significantly higher by 37% than non-mechanised fields. This study thus offers an indication of how machinery and related soil compaction and transformation of terraces and infrastructure, increases soil loss risk.
Among the main invasive species, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the most responsible for soil degr... more Among the main invasive species, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the most responsible for soil degradation in Europe and many Italian regions. At the same time, the stable presence of this species in agricultural areas has induced a conflict with humans, causing economic losses, environmental degradation and also social issues. A clear quantification of the potential damages (in terms of soil bioturbation) of this species at large scale is, however, still obscure. The purpose of this research is to analyse the role of wild boars as a geomorphologic agent, presenting a general diagnostic framework regarding the geomorphic impact of this species, classifying and mapping potential sediment hotspots and their likely connection to rivers and road networks. Accordingly, a record of wild boar damage types is first presented, and their possible interaction with hydrological and geomorphological processes is described. Then, a pilot case study is discussed on mapping and quantifying wild boar damages in a hilly agricultural landscape located in northeast Italy. The wild boar damages were geolocalized using a geographical positioning system (GPS) in two years of intensive field campaigns among agricultural fields involved in wild boar damaging activities. For each damaged area (total 406), several measures of soil erosion depth were taken and the degradation surface of interest mapped for a total of 10 150 measures. The volume of removed soil was then estimated, considering the average depth of damages previously recorded. Finally, the Index of Connectivity was applied to provide a classification of the considered damages based on their connection to both river and road networks. The results indicate that the ongoing uncontrolled wild boar expansion may not affect crops only or be a risk for people, but can also increase soil erosion, with a potential connection to hydrographic networks and human infrastructures.
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Papers by Luca Mauri