Aneurysms with a major diameter > 25 mm are defined as giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs). Di... more Aneurysms with a major diameter > 25 mm are defined as giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs). Different clinical, pathological, and radiological factors were revealed as playing a role in choosing the best strategy between surgical and endovascular approaches. Despite the improvement of both techniques, the efficacy and safety of these different management are still debated. We evaluated the differences in clinical and radiological outcomes of GIAs treated with surgical and endovascular techniques in a large retrospective mono-centric study. We compared aneurysm location, clinical, morphological features, treatment outcome, and complications on the ground of treatment technique. The final cohort consisted of 162 patients. All the patients were assigned on the ground of the type of eligible treatment: surgical (118 patients) and endovascular procedure (44 patients). The different treatment strategies were made through a multidisciplinary selection whereas clinical parameters, locati...
Ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulae are rare vascular malformations associated with a high ris... more Ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulae are rare vascular malformations associated with a high risk of bleeding. We present a multicenter contemporary series of patients treated with microsurgical and endovascular techniques. Sixteen consecutive patients were evaluated and/or treated between 2008 and 2015 at four centers with large experience in the endovascular and surgical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. We analyzed demographic and clinical data, risk factors for dural fistulas, treatment type, peri-and post-operative morbidity, clinical and radiological outcomes, rates of occlusion, and long-term neurological outcome. Sixteen patients (81 % men, mean age of 58 years) with ethmoidal dural fistulas were included in the analysis. Seven patients had suffered an * S.
✓ The authors report the cases of 32 patients with aneurysms measuring 2.5 cm or greater in diame... more ✓ The authors report the cases of 32 patients with aneurysms measuring 2.5 cm or greater in diameter found among 1080 patients with saccular cerebral aneurysms. Of the 32 patients, 24 patients were treated by direct operation, four by common carotid ligation, and the other four by conservative therapy. The appropriateness of surgery and surgical method are discussed.
We consider the problem of existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics on complete inte... more We consider the problem of existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics on complete intersections of sections of vector bundles. In particular we give general formulas relating the Futaki invariant of such a manifold to the weight of sections defining it and to the Futaki invariant of the ambient manifold. As applications we give a new Mukai-Umemura-Tian like example of Fano 5-fold admitting no Kähler-Einstein metric and a strong evidence of K-stability of complete intersections on Grassmannians.
Object Ruptured blood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare... more Object Ruptured blood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare but carry a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, BBAs are very difficult to treat surgically as well as endovascularly. The authors present their experience in treating BBAs with reconstructive endovascular methods. Methods Nine ruptured BBAs in 9 consecutive patients (2 men and 7 women; mean age 50 years, range 42–57 years) were treated using reconstructive endovascular methods between January 2006 and November 2007. Treatment methods and angiographic and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. Results All 9 BBAs were initially treated with stent-assisted coil (SAC) embolization. This was followed by a second stent insertion using the stent-within-a-stent (SWS) technique in 3, covered stent placement in 3, and SAC embolization alone in 3. All 3 patients who underwent SWS placement had excellent outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale Score 5) with complete angiographic ...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preoperative assessment of the anatomy and dynamics of cerebral circulati... more BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preoperative assessment of the anatomy and dynamics of cerebral circulation for patients with giant intracranial aneurysm can improve both outcome prediction and therapeutic approach. The aim of our study was to use perfusion MR imaging to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics in such patients before and after extraintracranial high-flow bypass surgery. METHODS: Five patients with a giant aneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery underwent MR studies before, 1 week after, and 1 month after high-flow bypass surgery. We performed MR and digital subtraction angiography, and conventional and functional MR sequences (diffusion and perfusion). Surgery consisted of middle cerebral artery (MCA)– internal carotid artery bypass with saphenous vein grafts (n 5 4) or MCA–external carotid artery bypass (n 5 1). RESULTS: In four patients, MR perfusion study showed impaired hemodynamics in the vascular territory supplied by the MCA of the aneurysm side, characterized by...
Treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms still represents an unsettled question in neurosurgica... more Treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms still represents an unsettled question in neurosurgical and neuroradiological communities. Although nowadays the indication for treatment have become relatively clear, indeed uncertainity remains for what concerns the proper treatment modality (surgical or endovascular)in terms of both the risk and the mid and long-term efficacy of the two procedures. The ''Unruptured Aneurysms Italian Study'' is a cooperative prospective study which aims to delineate the ''State of the Art'' in a nation based population. It has been designed: 1) to depict the nationwide modality of treatment of Unruptured Aneurysms, 2) to assess in the most objective way the overall treatment-related mortality and morbidity as well as the surgical and endovascular risk in the respective patient populations (it is not a surgical versus endovascular study) and 3) to asses the efficacy of the different procedures in the mid and long term period...
Imaging of Brain Metabolism Spine and Cord Interventional Neuroradiology Free Communications, 1989
The management of cerebral AVMs has been improved and extended by the advent of endovascular embo... more The management of cerebral AVMs has been improved and extended by the advent of endovascular embolization techniques which represent preoperative or preradiosurgical procedures. This makes it possible to achieve a reduction in the size of the AVM; sometimes an improvement in progressive neurological deficits, if present, can be expected. In this paper we report our experience with nine cases of cerebral AVMs, in which embolization was attempted as a primary preoperative therapeutic method in order to reduce intraoperative bleeding.
Background and Purpose— As a reliable scoring system to detect the risk of symptomatic intracereb... more Background and Purpose— As a reliable scoring system to detect the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombectomy for ischemic stroke is not yet available, we developed a nomogram for predicting symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who received bridging of thrombectomy with intravenous thrombolysis (training set), and to validate the model by using a cohort of patients treated with direct thrombectomy (test set). Methods— We conducted a cohort study on prospectively collected data from 3714 patients enrolled in the IER (Italian Registry of Endovascular Stroke Treatment in Acute Stroke). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was defined as any type of intracerebral hemorrhage with increase of ≥4 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score points from baseline ≤24 hours or death. Based on multivariate logistic models, the nomogram was generated. We assessed the discriminative performance by using ...
BACKGROUND: Although flow diverters (FDs) have been widely accepted by neurointerventionists, the... more BACKGROUND: Although flow diverters (FDs) have been widely accepted by neurointerventionists, their safety has yet to be fully defined. Stratification by aneurysm size and location is essential for correct evaluation of treatment outcomes and risks of flow diversion. OBJECTIVE: To compare neurological and anatomic outcomes and evaluate the risk of complications after endovascular treatment of large or giant internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms with FD/FDs alone or together with coil embolization. METHODS: We reviewed all patients with large or giant, ruptured or unruptured ICA aneurysms who underwent endovascular treatment with flow diversion alone (group A) or with concomitant coiling (group B) in 4 international institutions between 2010 and 2015. Anatomic outcome was evaluated using the Byrne scale on digital subtraction angiography and/or angioMRI and/or angioCT scans 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS: We collected 44 patients with large or giant ICA aneurysms....
Retrospective studies have found that patients receiving general anesthesia for endovascular trea... more Retrospective studies have found that patients receiving general anesthesia for endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke have worse neurological outcome compared with patients receiving conscious sedation. In this prospective randomized single-center study, we investigated the impact of anesthesia technique on neurological outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients. Ninety patients receiving endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in 2013 to 2016 were included and randomized to general anesthesia or conscious sedation. Difference in neurological outcome at 3 months, measured as modified Rankin Scale score, was analyzed (primary outcome) and early neurological improvement of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and cerebral infarction volume. Age, sex, comorbidities, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, intraprocedural blood pressure, blood glucose, Paco2 and Pco2 modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score, and relevant time intervals...
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, Jan 21, 2017
We present the first and only case, reported in literature, of a 67-years-old man with a mycotic ... more We present the first and only case, reported in literature, of a 67-years-old man with a mycotic aneurysm (MA) of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), caused by group B Streptococcus, that we surgically treated, performing neck aneurysm clipping, preserving patency of parent vessel. Moreover the peculiarity of this case is represented by the fact that the MA is originated from a tooth abscess, treated about two years before. To date, there have been only 10 cases of association between MA with either tooth pathologies or dental surgical procedures and our case is the only one originating from PICA. Therefore an extensive literature analysis was performed. Hence if we observe a patient with a fusiform aneurysm in posterior intracranial circulation and clinical history of fever and/or persistent neck swelling after dental pathologies, it is mandatory to consider the possibility of a MA, for a correct differential diagnosis. If the diagnosis is confirmed, it is necessa...
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2016
A 75-year-old man with hypertension and atrial fibrillation was admitted to our emergency room wi... more A 75-year-old man with hypertension and atrial fibrillation was admitted to our emergency room with right-sided hemiplegia and complete aphasia (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score = 18). A noncontrast computed tomography scan showed a slight hypodensity in the left insular region and a bright hyperdense sign in the M1 tract of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Angio-CT confirmed an occlusion of the M1 tract of the MCA. Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging/perfusion-weighted imaging was obtained and revealed a mismatch in the left parietal cortical region. Complete revascularization was achieved by thromboaspiration with the A Direct ASPIRATION first PASS TECHNIQUE (ADAPT) technique. Histological examination of the embolic material revealed its nonthrombotic nature: cardiac embolic papillary elastofibroma (PEF). At discharge, good recovery of right-side hemiplegia was observed. This case report is the second in literature in which a histological confirmed cardiac embolic PEF is reported as a cause of embolic stroke. PEF is a rare but potentially treatable cause of embolic stroke. Understanding the nature of the embolic material would help in choosing the best revascularization approach.
The purpose of this study is to report on a multi-center experience of ruptured intracranial aneu... more The purpose of this study is to report on a multi-center experience of ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated in acute phase with stent-assisted coil embolization, including primary success rates and midterm follow-up results. Retrospective analysis was performed on a sample of 40 patients (14 men, 26 women, mean age 59.7 years) affected by ruptured saccular aneurysms and treated by stent-assisted coiling in acute phase; double antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel bisulphate and acetylsalicylic acid was started after the procedure. Angiographic follow-up at 1 year was recorded. 20 % of the aneurysms were located in the posterior circulation, and 85 % presented a wide neck. Mean size of the sac was 7 mm (range 3-22 mm). Complete sac exclusion was obtained in 92.5 % and neck remnant in 7.5 %. The overall complications rate was 15 %. In 7.5 %, stent occlusion occurred intra-procedurally. In 12.5 %, re-bleeding was detected within 3 weeks after the procedure. Ischemic area related to the procedure was observed at follow-up in 7.5 %. Hydrocephalus developed in 15 %. 7.5 % presented with sac re-bleeding between 1 and 5 months after the procedure. In 15 %, the 3-6 months of follow-up revealed aneurysm refilling. 25 % of the patients presented vessel stenosis at the 1-year DSA of control. 33 % of the patients reported sensory-motor deficits. 82.5 % had a favorable outcome (GOS: IV-V), while 17.5 % presented a poor score (GOS: I-III). Stent-assisted coil embolization is a feasible endovascular treatment option for ruptured intracranial aneurysms, which is difficult to approach with simple coiling; however, neurointerventionalists need to consider a mild increase of post-procedural complications rate.
Aneurysms with a major diameter > 25 mm are defined as giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs). Di... more Aneurysms with a major diameter > 25 mm are defined as giant intracranial aneurysms (GIAs). Different clinical, pathological, and radiological factors were revealed as playing a role in choosing the best strategy between surgical and endovascular approaches. Despite the improvement of both techniques, the efficacy and safety of these different management are still debated. We evaluated the differences in clinical and radiological outcomes of GIAs treated with surgical and endovascular techniques in a large retrospective mono-centric study. We compared aneurysm location, clinical, morphological features, treatment outcome, and complications on the ground of treatment technique. The final cohort consisted of 162 patients. All the patients were assigned on the ground of the type of eligible treatment: surgical (118 patients) and endovascular procedure (44 patients). The different treatment strategies were made through a multidisciplinary selection whereas clinical parameters, locati...
Ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulae are rare vascular malformations associated with a high ris... more Ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulae are rare vascular malformations associated with a high risk of bleeding. We present a multicenter contemporary series of patients treated with microsurgical and endovascular techniques. Sixteen consecutive patients were evaluated and/or treated between 2008 and 2015 at four centers with large experience in the endovascular and surgical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. We analyzed demographic and clinical data, risk factors for dural fistulas, treatment type, peri-and post-operative morbidity, clinical and radiological outcomes, rates of occlusion, and long-term neurological outcome. Sixteen patients (81 % men, mean age of 58 years) with ethmoidal dural fistulas were included in the analysis. Seven patients had suffered an * S.
✓ The authors report the cases of 32 patients with aneurysms measuring 2.5 cm or greater in diame... more ✓ The authors report the cases of 32 patients with aneurysms measuring 2.5 cm or greater in diameter found among 1080 patients with saccular cerebral aneurysms. Of the 32 patients, 24 patients were treated by direct operation, four by common carotid ligation, and the other four by conservative therapy. The appropriateness of surgery and surgical method are discussed.
We consider the problem of existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics on complete inte... more We consider the problem of existence of constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics on complete intersections of sections of vector bundles. In particular we give general formulas relating the Futaki invariant of such a manifold to the weight of sections defining it and to the Futaki invariant of the ambient manifold. As applications we give a new Mukai-Umemura-Tian like example of Fano 5-fold admitting no Kähler-Einstein metric and a strong evidence of K-stability of complete intersections on Grassmannians.
Object Ruptured blood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare... more Object Ruptured blood blister–like aneurysms (BBAs) of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are rare but carry a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, BBAs are very difficult to treat surgically as well as endovascularly. The authors present their experience in treating BBAs with reconstructive endovascular methods. Methods Nine ruptured BBAs in 9 consecutive patients (2 men and 7 women; mean age 50 years, range 42–57 years) were treated using reconstructive endovascular methods between January 2006 and November 2007. Treatment methods and angiographic and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. Results All 9 BBAs were initially treated with stent-assisted coil (SAC) embolization. This was followed by a second stent insertion using the stent-within-a-stent (SWS) technique in 3, covered stent placement in 3, and SAC embolization alone in 3. All 3 patients who underwent SWS placement had excellent outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale Score 5) with complete angiographic ...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preoperative assessment of the anatomy and dynamics of cerebral circulati... more BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preoperative assessment of the anatomy and dynamics of cerebral circulation for patients with giant intracranial aneurysm can improve both outcome prediction and therapeutic approach. The aim of our study was to use perfusion MR imaging to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics in such patients before and after extraintracranial high-flow bypass surgery. METHODS: Five patients with a giant aneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery underwent MR studies before, 1 week after, and 1 month after high-flow bypass surgery. We performed MR and digital subtraction angiography, and conventional and functional MR sequences (diffusion and perfusion). Surgery consisted of middle cerebral artery (MCA)– internal carotid artery bypass with saphenous vein grafts (n 5 4) or MCA–external carotid artery bypass (n 5 1). RESULTS: In four patients, MR perfusion study showed impaired hemodynamics in the vascular territory supplied by the MCA of the aneurysm side, characterized by...
Treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms still represents an unsettled question in neurosurgica... more Treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms still represents an unsettled question in neurosurgical and neuroradiological communities. Although nowadays the indication for treatment have become relatively clear, indeed uncertainity remains for what concerns the proper treatment modality (surgical or endovascular)in terms of both the risk and the mid and long-term efficacy of the two procedures. The ''Unruptured Aneurysms Italian Study'' is a cooperative prospective study which aims to delineate the ''State of the Art'' in a nation based population. It has been designed: 1) to depict the nationwide modality of treatment of Unruptured Aneurysms, 2) to assess in the most objective way the overall treatment-related mortality and morbidity as well as the surgical and endovascular risk in the respective patient populations (it is not a surgical versus endovascular study) and 3) to asses the efficacy of the different procedures in the mid and long term period...
Imaging of Brain Metabolism Spine and Cord Interventional Neuroradiology Free Communications, 1989
The management of cerebral AVMs has been improved and extended by the advent of endovascular embo... more The management of cerebral AVMs has been improved and extended by the advent of endovascular embolization techniques which represent preoperative or preradiosurgical procedures. This makes it possible to achieve a reduction in the size of the AVM; sometimes an improvement in progressive neurological deficits, if present, can be expected. In this paper we report our experience with nine cases of cerebral AVMs, in which embolization was attempted as a primary preoperative therapeutic method in order to reduce intraoperative bleeding.
Background and Purpose— As a reliable scoring system to detect the risk of symptomatic intracereb... more Background and Purpose— As a reliable scoring system to detect the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombectomy for ischemic stroke is not yet available, we developed a nomogram for predicting symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who received bridging of thrombectomy with intravenous thrombolysis (training set), and to validate the model by using a cohort of patients treated with direct thrombectomy (test set). Methods— We conducted a cohort study on prospectively collected data from 3714 patients enrolled in the IER (Italian Registry of Endovascular Stroke Treatment in Acute Stroke). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was defined as any type of intracerebral hemorrhage with increase of ≥4 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score points from baseline ≤24 hours or death. Based on multivariate logistic models, the nomogram was generated. We assessed the discriminative performance by using ...
BACKGROUND: Although flow diverters (FDs) have been widely accepted by neurointerventionists, the... more BACKGROUND: Although flow diverters (FDs) have been widely accepted by neurointerventionists, their safety has yet to be fully defined. Stratification by aneurysm size and location is essential for correct evaluation of treatment outcomes and risks of flow diversion. OBJECTIVE: To compare neurological and anatomic outcomes and evaluate the risk of complications after endovascular treatment of large or giant internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms with FD/FDs alone or together with coil embolization. METHODS: We reviewed all patients with large or giant, ruptured or unruptured ICA aneurysms who underwent endovascular treatment with flow diversion alone (group A) or with concomitant coiling (group B) in 4 international institutions between 2010 and 2015. Anatomic outcome was evaluated using the Byrne scale on digital subtraction angiography and/or angioMRI and/or angioCT scans 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. RESULTS: We collected 44 patients with large or giant ICA aneurysms....
Retrospective studies have found that patients receiving general anesthesia for endovascular trea... more Retrospective studies have found that patients receiving general anesthesia for endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke have worse neurological outcome compared with patients receiving conscious sedation. In this prospective randomized single-center study, we investigated the impact of anesthesia technique on neurological outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients. Ninety patients receiving endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in 2013 to 2016 were included and randomized to general anesthesia or conscious sedation. Difference in neurological outcome at 3 months, measured as modified Rankin Scale score, was analyzed (primary outcome) and early neurological improvement of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and cerebral infarction volume. Age, sex, comorbidities, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, intraprocedural blood pressure, blood glucose, Paco2 and Pco2 modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score, and relevant time intervals...
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, Jan 21, 2017
We present the first and only case, reported in literature, of a 67-years-old man with a mycotic ... more We present the first and only case, reported in literature, of a 67-years-old man with a mycotic aneurysm (MA) of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), caused by group B Streptococcus, that we surgically treated, performing neck aneurysm clipping, preserving patency of parent vessel. Moreover the peculiarity of this case is represented by the fact that the MA is originated from a tooth abscess, treated about two years before. To date, there have been only 10 cases of association between MA with either tooth pathologies or dental surgical procedures and our case is the only one originating from PICA. Therefore an extensive literature analysis was performed. Hence if we observe a patient with a fusiform aneurysm in posterior intracranial circulation and clinical history of fever and/or persistent neck swelling after dental pathologies, it is mandatory to consider the possibility of a MA, for a correct differential diagnosis. If the diagnosis is confirmed, it is necessa...
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2016
A 75-year-old man with hypertension and atrial fibrillation was admitted to our emergency room wi... more A 75-year-old man with hypertension and atrial fibrillation was admitted to our emergency room with right-sided hemiplegia and complete aphasia (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score = 18). A noncontrast computed tomography scan showed a slight hypodensity in the left insular region and a bright hyperdense sign in the M1 tract of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Angio-CT confirmed an occlusion of the M1 tract of the MCA. Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging/perfusion-weighted imaging was obtained and revealed a mismatch in the left parietal cortical region. Complete revascularization was achieved by thromboaspiration with the A Direct ASPIRATION first PASS TECHNIQUE (ADAPT) technique. Histological examination of the embolic material revealed its nonthrombotic nature: cardiac embolic papillary elastofibroma (PEF). At discharge, good recovery of right-side hemiplegia was observed. This case report is the second in literature in which a histological confirmed cardiac embolic PEF is reported as a cause of embolic stroke. PEF is a rare but potentially treatable cause of embolic stroke. Understanding the nature of the embolic material would help in choosing the best revascularization approach.
The purpose of this study is to report on a multi-center experience of ruptured intracranial aneu... more The purpose of this study is to report on a multi-center experience of ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated in acute phase with stent-assisted coil embolization, including primary success rates and midterm follow-up results. Retrospective analysis was performed on a sample of 40 patients (14 men, 26 women, mean age 59.7 years) affected by ruptured saccular aneurysms and treated by stent-assisted coiling in acute phase; double antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel bisulphate and acetylsalicylic acid was started after the procedure. Angiographic follow-up at 1 year was recorded. 20 % of the aneurysms were located in the posterior circulation, and 85 % presented a wide neck. Mean size of the sac was 7 mm (range 3-22 mm). Complete sac exclusion was obtained in 92.5 % and neck remnant in 7.5 %. The overall complications rate was 15 %. In 7.5 %, stent occlusion occurred intra-procedurally. In 12.5 %, re-bleeding was detected within 3 weeks after the procedure. Ischemic area related to the procedure was observed at follow-up in 7.5 %. Hydrocephalus developed in 15 %. 7.5 % presented with sac re-bleeding between 1 and 5 months after the procedure. In 15 %, the 3-6 months of follow-up revealed aneurysm refilling. 25 % of the patients presented vessel stenosis at the 1-year DSA of control. 33 % of the patients reported sensory-motor deficits. 82.5 % had a favorable outcome (GOS: IV-V), while 17.5 % presented a poor score (GOS: I-III). Stent-assisted coil embolization is a feasible endovascular treatment option for ruptured intracranial aneurysms, which is difficult to approach with simple coiling; however, neurointerventionalists need to consider a mild increase of post-procedural complications rate.
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Papers by Giulio Guidetti