Serenella Caravella is a Ph.D. Student at the Department of Economics of Roma Tre University. Her research interests range from Public Policy Valuation, Environmental Economics to Industrial Economics. She was formerly a research fellow at Centro Studi Confindustria. She holds a Master’s degree in Political Science from University of Florence. Address: Italy
The present paper explores the demand-pull effect of distinct demand sources (i.e. households and... more The present paper explores the demand-pull effect of distinct demand sources (i.e. households and retailers, other firms and public sector) on Italian companies' growth patterns. Data relies on the PEC (Indagine sulle Professioni e le Competenze) survey carried out by the Institute for Public Policy Analysis (INAPP), which provides a rich set of information on a representative sample of Italian companies (~32.000) observed during the years 2012, 2014 and 2017. In particular, we investigate if and to what extent firm-level growth profiles are linked to the prevalent source of the demand flows that such firms face. The analysis contextually accounts for the role played by technological and knowledge-related heterogeneities in shaping the growth pattern-demand type relationship. The empirical analysis shows that the demand-pull effect on firms' growth is heterogeneous across different types of demand sources and that the ability to seize the growth-related chances provided by d...
The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we run a logit model on a dataset of professions ident... more The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we run a logit model on a dataset of professions identified according to the fifth digit of Istat cp2011 nomenclature in order to estimate their probability of being .substituted. by robots and artificial intelligence. In that, each profession is classified according to three degrees of substitution: low, medium and high. Secondly, by using data provided by the Italian Labor Forces Survey, we exploit the main characteristics of those professions with high risk of technological displacement. Interesting findings emerge from the analysis. On one hand, jobs requiring creative and social skills are less replaceable compared to those that are manly based on routinely mansions. On the other hand, jobs with high probability of being substituted are associated with both lower levels of instruction and age. Such results provide an empirical contribution to the flourishing debate about the quantitative and qualitative occupational effects of technolo...
ABSTRACT This work investigates whether different demand sources (i.e. demand for the firms’ outp... more ABSTRACT This work investigates whether different demand sources (i.e. demand for the firms’ output from households, other firms and the public sector) have different effects on firms’ employment growth and whether the growth effects of the demand sources vary by the firms’ innovation/knowledge characteristics. Relying on a representative sample of Italian companies observed between 2012 and 2017, we find that companies serving prevalently other firms or the government as their main demand source tend to grow faster than firms selling final goods to households. However, the growth advantage is more robust for firms serving prevalently other firms as their main demand source. We also find that the relative growth advantage is more pronounced among innovation-intensive and knowledge-intensive firms supplying other firms prevalently. Our findings are robust to the inclusion of firm-level controls and time, sectoral and geographical dummies. Confirming one of the major insights of both the Keynesian and the Schumpeterian traditions, demand emerges as a key driver of growth, the effects of which are mediated by the firms’ innovation/knowledge characteristics.
In this paper, we analyze the impact of distinct innovation strategies (modes) on firms’ export d... more In this paper, we analyze the impact of distinct innovation strategies (modes) on firms’ export dynamics. Focusing on the Italian case, the econometric exercise is performed by making use of an original database where data from the Community Innovation Survey (from the 2010-2012 and 2012-2014 waves) are combined together with information provided by the European database of patent applications and trademarks registration. The analysis is made by two steps. First, we perform a cluster analysis on a set of innovation-related variables in order to identify different innovative profiles among the service and manufacturing 4,792 enterprises forming the sample. Second, we carry out a Gibrat-like growth model where the dependent variable is represented by the 2014-2012 logarithmic difference of the percentage of turnoversourcing from exporting activities, and the core regressor are the distinct 2010-2012 innovation modes retrieved from the clustering exercise. Our findings show that, relat...
The rapid decarbonization of the global economy represents the main challenge for the next decade... more The rapid decarbonization of the global economy represents the main challenge for the next decades to combat climate change. The European Union (EU) is leading the negotiation process under the Paris Agreement and recently approved an ambitious unilateral mitigation strategy known as the European Green Deal (EGD). In this paper, we present a novel approach based on the analysis of patent data related to climate change and mitigation technologies (CCMTs) with the aim of describing the evolutionary pattern of the EU in green technology. Based on our analysis, two of our main results deserve attention. First, at the global level, the pace of generation of new green technologies as measured by patent data is slowing down in recent years. This trend, if not inverted, casts some doubts on the economic sustainability of the ambitious environmental targets set by the EC. Second, the current EU technological positioning with respect to green areas appears to be problematic in terms of techno...
Environmental-economic perspectives are recently taking growing momentum in the analysis of count... more Environmental-economic perspectives are recently taking growing momentum in the analysis of country-level performances, but few studies take into account the multi-dimensional nature of the phenomenon. The leading measure of pollution still remains only CO2 emission or, at best, CO2 equivalent emission. The few works taking a multi-criteria perspective are mainly related to specific case studies, urban areas, or the localization of renewable power plants. In this paper, we propose a multi-criteria analysis for a macro-perspective assessment of 10 different pollutants in 30 European countries over the period 2008–2015. Methodologically, we propose a new hybrid tool allowing us to merge the consolidated procedure usually employed for environmental evaluation: PROMETHEE, with a more flexible weighing process inspired by Data Envelopment Analysis. The unprecedented use of this tool for developing a macro perspective allows the clustering of European countries according their relative performances without any exogenous assumption about the weights given to the specific pollutants. In addition, the empirical evidence emerging from the analysis provides a comprehensive picture of patterns followed by European economies, which highlights the relative strengths and flaws at country-level for the considered pollutants.
The present paper explores the demand-pull effect of distinct demand sources (i.e. households and... more The present paper explores the demand-pull effect of distinct demand sources (i.e. households and retailers, other firms and public sector) on Italian companies' growth patterns. Data relies on the PEC (Indagine sulle Professioni e le Competenze) survey carried out by the Institute for Public Policy Analysis (INAPP), which provides a rich set of information on a representative sample of Italian companies (~32.000) observed during the years 2012, 2014 and 2017. In particular, we investigate if and to what extent firm-level growth profiles are linked to the prevalent source of the demand flows that such firms face. The analysis contextually accounts for the role played by technological and knowledge-related heterogeneities in shaping the growth pattern-demand type relationship. The empirical analysis shows that the demand-pull effect on firms' growth is heterogeneous across different types of demand sources and that the ability to seize the growth-related chances provided by d...
The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we run a logit model on a dataset of professions ident... more The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we run a logit model on a dataset of professions identified according to the fifth digit of Istat cp2011 nomenclature in order to estimate their probability of being .substituted. by robots and artificial intelligence. In that, each profession is classified according to three degrees of substitution: low, medium and high. Secondly, by using data provided by the Italian Labor Forces Survey, we exploit the main characteristics of those professions with high risk of technological displacement. Interesting findings emerge from the analysis. On one hand, jobs requiring creative and social skills are less replaceable compared to those that are manly based on routinely mansions. On the other hand, jobs with high probability of being substituted are associated with both lower levels of instruction and age. Such results provide an empirical contribution to the flourishing debate about the quantitative and qualitative occupational effects of technolo...
ABSTRACT This work investigates whether different demand sources (i.e. demand for the firms’ outp... more ABSTRACT This work investigates whether different demand sources (i.e. demand for the firms’ output from households, other firms and the public sector) have different effects on firms’ employment growth and whether the growth effects of the demand sources vary by the firms’ innovation/knowledge characteristics. Relying on a representative sample of Italian companies observed between 2012 and 2017, we find that companies serving prevalently other firms or the government as their main demand source tend to grow faster than firms selling final goods to households. However, the growth advantage is more robust for firms serving prevalently other firms as their main demand source. We also find that the relative growth advantage is more pronounced among innovation-intensive and knowledge-intensive firms supplying other firms prevalently. Our findings are robust to the inclusion of firm-level controls and time, sectoral and geographical dummies. Confirming one of the major insights of both the Keynesian and the Schumpeterian traditions, demand emerges as a key driver of growth, the effects of which are mediated by the firms’ innovation/knowledge characteristics.
In this paper, we analyze the impact of distinct innovation strategies (modes) on firms’ export d... more In this paper, we analyze the impact of distinct innovation strategies (modes) on firms’ export dynamics. Focusing on the Italian case, the econometric exercise is performed by making use of an original database where data from the Community Innovation Survey (from the 2010-2012 and 2012-2014 waves) are combined together with information provided by the European database of patent applications and trademarks registration. The analysis is made by two steps. First, we perform a cluster analysis on a set of innovation-related variables in order to identify different innovative profiles among the service and manufacturing 4,792 enterprises forming the sample. Second, we carry out a Gibrat-like growth model where the dependent variable is represented by the 2014-2012 logarithmic difference of the percentage of turnoversourcing from exporting activities, and the core regressor are the distinct 2010-2012 innovation modes retrieved from the clustering exercise. Our findings show that, relat...
The rapid decarbonization of the global economy represents the main challenge for the next decade... more The rapid decarbonization of the global economy represents the main challenge for the next decades to combat climate change. The European Union (EU) is leading the negotiation process under the Paris Agreement and recently approved an ambitious unilateral mitigation strategy known as the European Green Deal (EGD). In this paper, we present a novel approach based on the analysis of patent data related to climate change and mitigation technologies (CCMTs) with the aim of describing the evolutionary pattern of the EU in green technology. Based on our analysis, two of our main results deserve attention. First, at the global level, the pace of generation of new green technologies as measured by patent data is slowing down in recent years. This trend, if not inverted, casts some doubts on the economic sustainability of the ambitious environmental targets set by the EC. Second, the current EU technological positioning with respect to green areas appears to be problematic in terms of techno...
Environmental-economic perspectives are recently taking growing momentum in the analysis of count... more Environmental-economic perspectives are recently taking growing momentum in the analysis of country-level performances, but few studies take into account the multi-dimensional nature of the phenomenon. The leading measure of pollution still remains only CO2 emission or, at best, CO2 equivalent emission. The few works taking a multi-criteria perspective are mainly related to specific case studies, urban areas, or the localization of renewable power plants. In this paper, we propose a multi-criteria analysis for a macro-perspective assessment of 10 different pollutants in 30 European countries over the period 2008–2015. Methodologically, we propose a new hybrid tool allowing us to merge the consolidated procedure usually employed for environmental evaluation: PROMETHEE, with a more flexible weighing process inspired by Data Envelopment Analysis. The unprecedented use of this tool for developing a macro perspective allows the clustering of European countries according their relative performances without any exogenous assumption about the weights given to the specific pollutants. In addition, the empirical evidence emerging from the analysis provides a comprehensive picture of patterns followed by European economies, which highlights the relative strengths and flaws at country-level for the considered pollutants.
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