Water resources management in Malaysia is the most important aspect that needs to be addressed. When water resources management can be managed in a systematic and effectively it can produce a good quality and clean water without any... more
Water resources management in Malaysia is the most important aspect that needs to be addressed. When water resources management can be managed in a systematic and effectively it can produce a good quality and clean water without any pollution. The objective of this study is to review water quality issues in the Kenyir Lake Basin and to identify the relationship between river discharges (Q) and the water quality status in Kenyir Lake Basin. Six water quality parameters were analyzed based on in-situ and ex-situ analysis and laboratory analyses were carried out according to the correlation matrix and linear regression methods. According to the NWQS, the water quality in Kenyir Lake Basin varied temporally and spatially and the most affected parameters were pH, DO, BOD, COD, TSS and AN. Furthermore, the water quality class in the Kenyir Lake Basin was classified under class II caused by the active land use activities especially tourism sector but it is still suitable for recreational a...
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Water is one of the basic needs which essential to life but cannot take it easy, it becomes more concern when a flood, there is plenty of dirty water than clean water, and the sources of the water are not approved to use. There are many... more
Water is one of the basic needs which essential to life but cannot take it easy, it becomes more concern when a flood, there is plenty of dirty water than clean water, and the sources of the water are not approved to use. There are many kinds of waterborne pathogens which can donate diseases also death if not treating the water well before use. The treatment can be utilized based on the size of the microorganism. By identifying the size of the smallest bacteria will make easier to find the filtration based on the size of filter pores and other processes to ensure all the bacteria is removed and the water safe to use. Even there are many kinds of bacteria or microorganisms in the contaminated water, but the pathogens need to deal. The water will become clean and safe to use when the colour is clear and there is any pathogenic microorganism in there. This study is to ensure water is clean from pathogen after the flood water is filtered by know for sure the organism’s size and to overc...
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This paper includes review of the trends, selected underlying, determinants and status intervention. The 1.17 million of deaths occur each year worldwide due to road accidents 70 % of which occur in developing countries in the world. 65%... more
This paper includes review of the trends, selected underlying, determinants and status intervention. The 1.17 million of deaths occur each year worldwide due to road accidents 70 % of which occur in developing countries in the world. 65% of deaths involve pedestrian’s causes, 35 % of which are children. Estimates suggest that 23–34 million people are injured worldwide every year in road crashes. Fatal accidents are among the major factors of death in the world apart from chronic diseases such as stroke, lung infections, respiratory difficulties and heart disease. The rise in fatal accidents in Malaysia is 70%. This study was conducted to study the rate of fatal accidents on roads in the state of Selangor and Perlis based on fatal accident data for a period of five years from 2013 to 2017. The data were analyzed using quantitative methods which took into account the research conducted by researchers last. Based on analyzed data, the state of Selangor recorded the highest accident rat...
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The objective of this research is to determine the correlation of selected hydrological variables, to analyzed the significance factors influenced the occurrences of flood, to propose the flood control limit system and establish new flood... more
The objective of this research is to determine the correlation of selected hydrological variables, to analyzed the significance factors influenced the occurrences of flood, to propose the flood control limit system and establish new flood risk index model in Lenggor River Basin based on secondary data derived from Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID). Application of Chemometric technique such as Spearman’s Correlation Test, Principle Component Analysis, Statistical Process Control and Flood Risk Index created the most efficient results. Result shows water level has strong factor loading of 0.78 and significant for flood warning alert system application. The Upper Control Limit (UCL) for the water level in study area is 33.23m while the risk index for the water level set by the constructed formula of flood risk index consisting 0-100. The results show 20.6% classified as High Risk Class with index range from 70 and above. Thus, these findings are able to facilitate state gover...
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This study has investigated the relationship between the changes in oil and natural gas prices on the Malaysian economic sectors. Four economic sectors were selected namely manufacturing, services, agriculture, and mining. However, there... more
This study has investigated the relationship between the changes in oil and natural gas prices on the Malaysian economic sectors. Four economic sectors were selected namely manufacturing, services, agriculture, and mining. However, there was less study conducted at the sector level. Hence, the goal of this paper is to explore the impact of oil and gas prices on economic sectors GDP. This study has conducted econometrics modelling based on the ARDL bound testing with the spanning time series data from year 1987 to 2017. The empirical findings revealed that the relationship between the oil and natural gas prices in the manufacturing and services sector is negative, while the agriculture sector showed a positive relationship, and the mining sector showed no relationship. The empirical findings concluded that the manufacturing and services sectors that consumed more energy are dependent on the price changes. Meanwhile, the agriculture sector is a highly subsidised sector which has a pos...
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Suicide is an act committed by an individual consciously aiming to end or eliminate the life itself. But when their act of suicide failed they were categorized as attempted suicide. This is not a new thing for modern society today.... more
Suicide is an act committed by an individual consciously aiming to end or eliminate the life itself. But when their act of suicide failed they were categorized as attempted suicide. This is not a new thing for modern society today. According to official statistics, there are about one million people committed suicide around the world within one year, and this amount does not include those killed by others or those killed in the war. Therefore, the study aims to analyze suicide rates recorded by the five countries with the highest rates of suicide and assess the differences in the frequency of suicide cases between men and women. In addition, this study will identify the methods or methods used to commit suicide and what are the risk factors that cause an individual to decide to end his life. The methods used to commit suicide will also be explained more clearly. Suicide symptoms can be serious in society if preventive measures at the early stage are not taken. This study is expected...
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This study was implemented to identify the specific factors that lead to major contribution of floods in Klang River Basin. A thirty-year (1987-2017) database obtained from Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), the selected data... more
This study was implemented to identify the specific factors that lead to major contribution of floods in Klang River Basin. A thirty-year (1987-2017) database obtained from Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), the selected data was analyzed by using integrated Chemometric techniques. The finding from Correlation Analysis revealed strong correlation between stream flow and water level is more than 0.5 (= 0.799). The finding from Principal Component Analysis proved that the selected parameters were significant with the result of R2 > 0.7was applied as a main tool for further analysis. Based on the result, it revealed that stream flow and water level were the most significant hydrological factor that influenced flood risk pattern in Klang River basin. Based on the result from Statistical Process control (SPC), the finding showed that the Upper Control Limit (UCL) for water level was 30.290m. The plotted data which is more than 30.290 m can cause flood to occur in Klang River...
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Cajuputi essential oil is extracted from the leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell. This study is performed to spatially classify the variation of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil fingerprint based on different sampling location using... more
Cajuputi essential oil is extracted from the leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell. This study is performed to spatially classify the variation of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil fingerprint based on different sampling location using chemometric technique along Terengganu coastal area. Discriminant Analysis (DA) successfully discriminate 10 fingerprint of essential oil into three different groups with three significant peaks in FTIR analysis. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) successfully grouped the 10 sampling stations into three groups (cluster A, B and C).Classification criteria is based on the intensity movement of functional group either bending or stretching of the essential oil compound Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to develop an equation model that explains the prediction of species fingerprint in each cluster by different locations.
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Terengganu River Basin is situated in the north eastern coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia. 29 sampling stations were selected. The water quality parameters were measured such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and... more
Terengganu River Basin is situated in the north eastern coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia. 29 sampling stations were selected. The water quality parameters were measured such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC). Results showed that the range of DO (2.11 mg/L – 8.07 mg/L), TSS (0.4 mg/L – 128.2 mg/L) and SSC (0.07 mg/L – 25.6 mg/L). The distribution of land use and land cover activities effected to the level of water quality in watersheds. The analyses of variance (ANOVA) was applied and provide a better understanding for the complex relationships among water quality parameters. Graphical data helps a better view of the overall analysis to appoint sources of pollutants to their effect. Terengganu River Basin is a shallow and has a sensitive ecosystem that responds to the land use changes and development activities of its surroundings. Water quality analysis showed that TSS and SSC were higher in the dry season but DO w...
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Kenyir Lake’s natural environment experienced significant changes over the past 20 years. Pressure from anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, construction, and sand mining around Sungai Terengganu, tourism, farming and... more
Kenyir Lake’s natural environment experienced significant changes over the past 20 years. Pressure from anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, construction, and sand mining around Sungai Terengganu, tourism, farming and agricultural has creating imbalance between environmental processes and response in Kenyir Lake. The aim of the study is to estimate the production of sediment yield (Muatan Sedimen) (MS) (tonnes/km2/year) in Kenyir Lake Basin. 21 sampling stations were chosen along Kenyir Lake to represent the upstream and downstream. The statistical analysis proved that the correlation and regression relationship between Total Suspended Solid (TSS), MS and area of catchment. MS showed a weak correlation and insignificant relationship of regression caused by the anthropogenic factors and uncertain climate changes. These sedimentation problems due to unsustainable land use changes, river bank erosion problems and active construction activity around the Kenyir Lake Basin. Thi...
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The evolution of drug addict’s rate is significantly increase in Malaysia and it's became a chronic problem among the society. The number of drug addiction cases in Malaysia is contributed by the number of drug addicts involving all... more
The evolution of drug addict’s rate is significantly increase in Malaysia and it's became a chronic problem among the society. The number of drug addiction cases in Malaysia is contributed by the number of drug addicts involving all the states including Terengganu. The aim of this study is to evaluation the rate of drug addicts according to several environmental components which affects the increment of drug addiction in Terengganu. In this study, the Descriptive Statistics Analysis using XLSTAT has been use to describe the result. The results indicate there are five factors that involve with drug influence including peer influence, curiosity, depression, fun and enduring pain or body defense and the major factors influencing the involvement of drug addicts into this problem is peer influence. Therefore, the stakeholder involved could put an effort to reduce the drug addicts’ rate through proving an effective plan. This study suggested all parties need to know the tremendous dru...
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One of the growing mental illnesses experienced in Malaysia is depression. There was once when one stage was among Malaysians at a critical and higher stage until the attempt to commit suicide. This study has observed a survey conducted... more
One of the growing mental illnesses experienced in Malaysia is depression. There was once when one stage was among Malaysians at a critical and higher stage until the attempt to commit suicide. This study has observed a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health Malaysia to identify and understand the vulnerability experienced by every state in Malaysia focuses on the effect of demographic on mental patients by state, age, ethnicity and gender. The data was collected from the Malaysian Health and Morbidity Survey. The findings showed that the highest state of mental illness was the state of Selangor. The overall depression of Malaysians was increasing at an all-time high. The action taken by the Ministry of Health to address mental illness is by using a positive action plan instead of negative. In conclusion, depression at the highest level is one of the first causes of Malaysians to experience mental disorders in every state. This study suggested some proposals as follow-up action ...
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The coast zone is one of the most fragile area in Malaysia and can be affected easily due to environmental threats. This study mainly focuses on analysis impact of shoreline changes on coastal development using Geographical Information... more
The coast zone is one of the most fragile area in Malaysia and can be affected easily due to environmental threats. This study mainly focuses on analysis impact of shoreline changes on coastal development using Geographical Information System (GIS) approach to produce geospatial visualization and identify the changes areas along Sabak Bernam to Kuala Selangor. This study evaluates the shoreline changes using topographic maps in 1993 and SPOT 5 satellite images in 2013. The major findings of this study were the highest impact that caused by erosion was from Sungai Burung to Sungai Panchang Bedena and the development that have been affected in this area for 5 years (2018) and 10 years (2023) ahead were residential area, school and aquaculture activities. However, the lowest impact of erosion was occurred from Sungai Nipah to Sungai Nibong and there was no development affected in the year 2018 till 2023. The results obtained from this study are very important for the government’s futur...
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The study on Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) has been conducted to analyst the environmental condition in the area incorporating ecological baseline and socio-economic conditions. WSI is an integrated indicator based on basin... more
The study on Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) has been conducted to analyst the environmental condition in the area incorporating ecological baseline and socio-economic conditions. WSI is an integrated indicator based on basin Hydrology, Environment, Life and Policy (HELP) state condition. It is suitable to be applied in the Langat River Basin in Malaysia which has similar catchment area (up to 2,350 km2) and is one of the UNESCO HELP River Basin since 2004. The WSI analysis which uses a pressure–state–response function based on basin HELP Indicator was done for Langat River Basin by using relevant available 5 years data for the period of 2009 to 2013. It is found that Langat River Basin is having WSI value of 0.68 which falls under the category of medium sustainability (between 0.5-0.8). Based on the maximum value (i.e. 1) or high sustainability (i.e. WSI value more than 0.8) it can be said that Langat is in the good side in term of sustainability. Few management aspects need t...
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Water is a vital for all aspects of human and ecosystem survival. The evaluations of water quality parameters and hydrological status are necessary to enhance the performance of an assessment operation and develop better water resources... more
Water is a vital for all aspects of human and ecosystem survival. The evaluations of water quality parameters and hydrological status are necessary to enhance the performance of an assessment operation and develop better water resources management and plan. There are three sampling stations were selected along the Kuantan River. Seven water quality parameters were measured and Malaysian Department of Environment Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI) was calculated and classified based on the National Water Quality Standard, Malaysia (INWQS). The water balance status applied to determine the stability of inflows and outflows into and from the basin. As a result, all water quality parameters (DO, COD, BOD, TSS, NH3-N and pH) which categorized under the ranged of class II until class IV respectively. Kuantan River located in Pahang state, Malaysia which is significantly degrading due to human activities as well as urbanization in and within the area. Overall, the result showed that the estimat...
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Climate change interacts in a different way with varieties of human activities and other drivers of change along coastlines. Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the major impacts of global warming. Changes in climate extremes and SLR may... more
Climate change interacts in a different way with varieties of human activities and other drivers of change along coastlines. Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the major impacts of global warming. Changes in climate extremes and SLR may impact the critical infrastructures such as coastal road, jetty and chalets as well as the local community. The population and assets exposed to coastal risks will increase significantly due to population growth, economic development and urbanization in the future. As most of the cities in Malaysia are situated near the coast, immediate actions are needed to minimize the undesired outcome due to the SLR. The main objective of this study is to identify physical variables that may have impacts on the coastal area, thus develop a coastal vulnerability index (CVI) for the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seven (7) physical variables have been identified to assess the CVI that consists of geomorphology, coastal slope, shoreline change rate, mean significant...
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This case study characterizes the drinking water quality by using the multivariate technique. The spatial variation of the physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters toxicity with the drinking water quality based on 28 water treatment... more
This case study characterizes the drinking water quality by using the multivariate technique. The spatial variation of the physico-chemical and heavy metals parameters toxicity with the drinking water quality based on 28 water treatment plants in Selangor, Malaysia from 2009 to 2012 was evaluated. The objectives of this study are to analyze the physio-chemical activities and heavy metals activities in the collected drinking water samples from the treatment plants, and to detect the source of pollution for the most revealing parameters. The discriminant analysis (DA) and the principal component analysis (PCA) are the chemometric techniques used to investigate the spatial variation of the most significant physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters of the drinking water samples. The classification matrix accuracy for standard mode of DA, forward stepwise and backward stepwise for the physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters are excellent. PCA highlighted 13 significant parameters o...
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This study aims to investigate the spatial variation in the source of air pollution, identify the percentage contribution of each pollutant and apportion the mass contribution of each source category using chemometric techniques.... more
This study aims to investigate the spatial variation in the source of air pollution, identify the percentage contribution of each pollutant and apportion the mass contribution of each source category using chemometric techniques. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) successfully grouped the five air monitoring sites into three groups (cluster 1, 2 and 3). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to spot out the sources of air pollution which are attributed to anthropogenic activities. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to develop an equation model that explains the contribution of pollutants in each cluster. However, it was observed that particulate matter (PM10) and Ozone (O3) are the most significant pollutants influencing the value of air pollutant index (API). Meanwhile, the source apportionment indicates that cluster 1 is influenced by gas and non-gas pollutants to a degree of 84%, weather condition 15% and 1% by gas and secondary pollutants. Cluster 2 i...
Research Interests: Multivariate Statistics, Chemometrics, Principal Component Analysis, Air pollution, Air Pollution and Health Effects, and 6 moreMultivariate Data Analysis, Source Apportionment of Ambient air pollutants, Multiple Linear Regression, Air Pollution Modelling, Source apportionment, and Air Pollutant Index
The spatial water quality data (281x22) obtained from 12 sampling stations located along the Terengganu River and its main tributaries were evaluated with environmetric methods. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the... more
The spatial water quality data (281x22) obtained from 12 sampling stations located along the Terengganu River and its main tributaries were evaluated with environmetric methods. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the origin of each variable due to land use and human activities based on the three clustered regions obtained from the hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Six principal components (PCs) were obtained, where six varimax factor (VF) of values more than 0.70 that considered strong loading are discussed. The possible pollution sources identified are of anthropogenic sources, mainly municipal waste, surface runoff, agricultural runoff, organic pollution and urban storm runoff. As a conclusion, the application of environmetric methods could reveal important information on the spatial variability of a large and complex river water quality data in order to control pollution sources.
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Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc to survive. However, the excessive levels of the metal can be detrimental to the organism. Other heavy metals such as mercury, lead and... more
Living organisms require trace amounts of heavy metals, including cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc to survive. However, the excessive levels of the metal can be detrimental to the organism. Other heavy metals such as mercury, lead and cadmium have no vital on organisms, and their accumulation in long time period in the bodies can cause serious illness or death. The consumption of fish is recommended because fish is a basic and good nutritious food that has omega-3 fatty acids due to its cardio-protective effects. This present mini-review accounts for the description of heavy metal in fish and the effect of toxic metals on the human health. Besides, the acid digestion method was also discussed in order to identify the best method for applying in the laboratory analysis. The best method used can reduce the contamination error in the results.
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ABSTRACT
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The map of Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh from 1996 to 2004 revealed that there were significant changes on coastal profiles. If the problem remains unsolved within 5 to 10 years, the beaches in the area might be fully eroded. The main... more
The map of Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh from 1996 to 2004 revealed that there were significant changes on coastal profiles. If the problem remains unsolved within 5 to 10 years, the beaches in the area might be fully eroded. The main objective of this study is to measure erosion of the coastline along Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh, Pahang during the northeast monsoon (December 2013 to February 2014). Transit set and dry sieving method were used for beach profile and grain size characteristics measurement. GRADISTAT v8 program is used for sedimentological analysis. Cluster analysis was used to show the group of higher eroded, medium eroded and lower eroded. The study found that almost all of the beach profiles had increased in length and the beach slopes were steeper; meanwhile the sedimentological analysis indicated that all the stations were dominated by sandy type during the period of study. The action of higher waves, tides and currents were the biggest contribution to erosion...
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Radio signals detected from the ground are very weak since it travels far from the universe. Radio wave carries photons with low energies compared to other electromagnetic spectra such as visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and the most... more
Radio signals detected from the ground are very weak since it travels far from the universe. Radio wave carries photons with low energies compared to other electromagnetic spectra such as visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and the most energetic electromagnetic wave is gamma-rays. The microwave region is the shortest wavelength of radio waves. Hence, microwave photons have greater energy. Radio astronomy studies are restricted due to radio frequency interference (RFI) that produces by human daily activities. If this disturbance is not shrinkage, it poses critical problems in radio observation. There are many factors of man-made RFI, such as, the availability of mobile telecommunications, radio transmission, TV broadcasting, satellite communication, vehicular traffic area, power transmission line and many more. In this paper, we present a preliminary study of the radio sources (electronic system in the car) from the vehicular traffic area (highway) on radio astronomy observation. Th...
An appropriate site selection for radio astronomy observation is very important in order to find a low level site in RFI value. The aim of this study is to select the best possible factors for astronomical observation sites. There are... more
An appropriate site selection for radio astronomy observation is very important in order to find a low level site in RFI value. The aim of this study is to select the best possible factors for astronomical observation sites. There are many factors such as slope, raindrop, river, population density, road network, land used, wireless telephone technology interrupts radio astronomy observation. In this study, we have reported one of the factors that affect radio observation which is rain effect. The site selection study is the most crucial part of decision makers proposes where to build an astronomical observatory, especially in radio astronomy with a maximum efficiency. The observation apparatus was set up to study the effect of rainfall and raindrop to the radio signal. We found that, in the inside observation, we found that spectral lines (Deuterium, Hydrogen, and two Hydroxyl lines) show that the rain gives no effect to radio signal in those windows. We also found that there is ver...
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Flood is a major problem in Johor river basin, which normally happened during monsoon season. However in this study, it shows that rainfall did not have a strong relationship for the changes of water level compared to suspended solid and... more
Flood is a major problem in Johor river basin, which normally happened during monsoon season. However in this study, it shows that rainfall did not have a strong relationship for the changes of water level compared to suspended solid and stream flow, where both variables have p-values of <0.0001 and these variables also became the main factors in contributing to the flood occurrence based on Factor Analysis result. Time Series Analysis was being carried out and based on Statistical Process Control, the limitation has been set up for mitigation in controlling flood. All data beyond the Upper Control Limit was predicted to have High Risk to face flood and Emergency Response Plan should be implemented to prevent complication and destruction because of flood. The prediction for the risk level was carried out using the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), where the accuracy of prediction was very high, with the result of 96% for the level of accuracy in the prediction of ri...
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Water quality can be affected by various aspects of either natural or physical changes in the area. This article discusses the effects of water quantity and quality in the upper area of Upper Dong natural forest reserved at Dong River,... more
Water quality can be affected by various aspects of either natural or physical changes in the area. This article discusses the effects of water quantity and quality in the upper area of Upper Dong natural forest reserved at Dong River, Raub Pahang, Malaysia. Data observations were made from 16 to 21 November 2009. Five sampling stations were selected along 2.4 km encompassed the upstream and downstream of the river. Overall, the water quality status as stated in INQWS is categorized as Class I. Statistical analyses show that water quality parameters were changed significantly along the river reach. Towards downstream, the water quality became more deteriorated followed by reduction on flow velocity. Statistical values for temperature and distance between station from upstream to downstream is R2= 0.989, R2 = 0.882 for TDS, R2= 0.946 for Conductivity and R2= 0.803 for Do (mg/l). Natural factors such as flow velocity, water quantity and land use changes from natural forest to village ...
The natural environment of Lata Jarum with its chilly cold water of waterfall is one of the local leisure spots in Raub, Pahang. The waterfall of Dong River is located within the virgin forest Benum Mountain (or in local name is Gunung... more
The natural environment of Lata Jarum with its chilly cold water of waterfall is one of the local leisure spots in Raub, Pahang. The waterfall of Dong River is located within the virgin forest Benum Mountain (or in local name is Gunung Benum) - Hutan Lipur Lata Jarum. For the hydrology research, we have five sampling stations with four stations at the upstream and one at downstream. This research is carried out in order to study the hydrodynamic of Dong River. Observed data was carried on 16 to 17 November 2009. The results indicate that, the flow was ranged from 3.452 to 20.331m³/s while velocity of water was ranged from 0.128 up to 4.000m/s. The XP-SWMM modeling was used to study the hydrodynamic of the river. Simulation result showed that, the flow was ranged from 5.995 to 36.212m³/s and the velocity was ranged from 3.46 to 9.32m/s. Through the study, we can predict; the high velocity of river water would lead to river flooding easily once rainfall has occurred due to several cha...
A study was conducted at Paka River, Terengganu on determination of hydrological characteristics of Paka River at seven sampling stations. Sampling was started from the estuary of Paka River, and ended about 14 km away from the estuary as... more
A study was conducted at Paka River, Terengganu on determination of hydrological characteristics of Paka River at seven sampling stations. Sampling was started from the estuary of Paka River, and ended about 14 km away from the estuary as each station was 2 km apart from each other. Sampling was carried out at two different water tides (low and high water tides) and two durational variations which represented by the Northeast Monsoon (wet period) and the Southeast Monsoon (dry period). Hydrological measurements of river velocity, river width and river depth were measured by using specific equipment. River width was measured by using a rangefinder (model Bushnell 20-0001), river depth was measured by using a depth meter (model Speedtech SM-5) and river velocity was measured by using a flow meter/current flow meter (model FP101). Water quality parameters such as conductivity, salinity, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) were directly measured in the field by using a multiparameter YS...
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Water pollutant loadings and river discharge are among the basic data used in determining the dynamicity of a river. The input of water quality and river discharge are usually available through the collection of water samples in the field... more
Water pollutant loadings and river discharge are among the basic data used in determining the dynamicity of a river. The input of water quality and river discharge are usually available through the collection of water samples in the field or at the observatory, and are done automatically using the data logger sensor. This paper discusses the concentrations pollutant load water quality and its relationship with discharge (m3/s) using Event Mean Concentration (EMC) in the Alur Ilmu, UKM source from the Diptrokarp forest at Hutan Simpan Bangi (2˚55'14.72 "N 101˚ 46'57.37" E). Alur Ilmu is a 1.79 km long stretching across the main campus of National University of Malaysia before flowing into the Langat River. Water quality was measured using automatic gauging and continuous water quality stations which are installed at downstream of Alur Ilmu (2˚55'40.33 "N 100˚46'47.15" E) and involves in measuring the parameters of total dissolved solid (TDS) and di...