Surveys were conducted in 180 concessions of Zogbédji, one neighborhood of Lomé, capital of Togo. In this work, the results show that more than 78% of concessions have a system for collecting excreta. The different types of pits are... more
Surveys were conducted in 180 concessions of Zogbédji, one neighborhood of Lomé, capital of Togo. In this work, the results show that more than 78% of concessions have a system for collecting excreta. The different types of pits are encountered septic tanks (50.7%), traditional (38.7%), the LCM (8.4%) and tubs (2.1%). Emptying sanitation is provided largely by the diggers (49.64%) against 30.2% achieved by vacuum trucks. Wastewater can be found practically in the street.There is no network of potable water and91.1% of concessions use well water for various household and 96.1% to supply water to the periphery of TDE for drinking water. Disease respondents found to have suffered from diarrhea (20.5%), frequent abdominal pain (16.1%) of parasites (36.7%), and malaria in all seasons. Ce travail est une contribution à la recherche des outils de décision dans la gestion des excréta et eaux usées domestiques dans les quartiers de Lomé pauvres en équipements d’assainissement autonome comme ...
Aims: Phosphorus and phosphate are broadly used in many areas ranging from advance researches to manufacturing companies for regular use purposes. In Togo, the raw phosphate is exploited and exported to serve as an ingredient in chemical... more
Aims: Phosphorus and phosphate are broadly used in many areas ranging from advance researches to manufacturing companies for regular use purposes. In Togo, the raw phosphate is exploited and exported to serve as an ingredient in chemical fertilizers, detergents, phosphoric acid synthesis, etc. The aim of the present work is an investigation of alternative valuation of the raw phosphate of Hahotoé-Kpogamé in Togo. Methodology: The study consists of the transformation of the raw phosphate into hydroxyapatite by dissolution followed by a precipitation. The hydroxyapatite thus obtained can be used, for example as a conditioning matrix of industrial waste, as a catalyst support, or for the depollution of water etc. The characterization was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled to Thermal Differential Analysis and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Results: These analyses revealed that the materi...
Several risks exist in waste management. These risks are caused by the nature of waste, treatment processes and work organization. This study, carried out in three pre-collection companies in Lomé showed that workers are exposed to... more
Several risks exist in waste management. These risks are caused by the nature of waste, treatment processes and work organization. This study, carried out in three pre-collection companies in Lomé showed that workers are exposed to several risks, the three main ones being physical injuries, musculoskeletal disorders and exposure to organic dust and micro-organisms. These risks are due to the permanent contact of workers with the waste and to this work entirely manual. They are accentuated by the ignorance of the workers in terms of risks associated with their activities and the insufficient resources of the pre-collection companies to provide the workers with adequate equipment. The risk reduction measures taken by these structures essentially consist of the provision of personal protective equipment and agents. This equipment is often inadequate and poorly used. Only 6% of staff report regular wear. Risk reduction is effective when they are attacked at source, through integration, ...
A sufficiently thick layer of clay, continuous and homogeneous under a deposit of waste constitutes a barrier preventing pollution of the water table if the leachates are well drained on its surface and then properly treated.Since the... more
A sufficiently thick layer of clay, continuous and homogeneous under a deposit of waste constitutes a barrier preventing pollution of the water table if the leachates are well drained on its surface and then properly treated.Since the exploitation of the landfill of Agoè-Nyivé (Lomé), very few studies have been carried out on the state of pollution, especially of heavy metals, of the base layer of the clay-filled landfill.The objective of this work, is to evaluate the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn) in the base layer samples of the final discharge Agoè-Nyivé and evaluate their potential migration to the depths.The qualitative analysis of the clay samples through X-ray diffraction shows the existence of quartz, carbonate and kaolinite with varying proportions from one sample to another. Complementary analysis of the infrared spectroscopy shows spectra that reveal the presence of a kaolinite with bands observed in the vibrational region of the hydroxyls located at 3698...
Le phosphate naturel de par sa formule chimique constitue une source importante de l’element phosphore pour les plantes. Pour cela il est utilise dans le compost pour ameliorer les qualites nutritionnelles des plantes. Les analyses... more
Le phosphate naturel de par sa formule chimique constitue une source importante de l’element phosphore pour les plantes. Pour cela il est utilise dans le compost pour ameliorer les qualites nutritionnelles des plantes. Les analyses chimiques effectuees sur le phosphate naturel revelent la presence des metaux lourds. Pour etudier les risques de retrogradation de ces engrais phosphates, notre etude s’est portee sur la complexation des substances humiques naturelles extraites des sols sur des ions metalliques tels que le calcium, cadmium et le magnesium contenus dans les phosphates naturels de Hahotoe- Kpogame du Togo. Les resultats obtenus montrent que la quantite d’ions complexes augment avec le temps d’attaque. Le taux d’ions complexes diminue lorsque le pH de la solution d’acide humique evolue de 6,5 a 9,5. Une etude comparative de la complexation de ces trois ions revele que le cadmium malgre sa faible teneur dans le phosphate naturel se complexe mieux que le calcium et le magnesi...
Ce présent travail a porté sur l’extraction et la caractérisation physico-chimique d’un sel végétal fabriqué à base du palmier à huile. L’incinération des branches de palmier à huile donne une cendre qui, par lavage et évaporation donne... more
Ce présent travail a porté sur l’extraction et la caractérisation physico-chimique d’un sel végétal fabriqué à base du palmier à huile. L’incinération des branches de palmier à huile donne une cendre qui, par lavage et évaporation donne du sel de palme. L’analyse de la solution obtenue après lavage de cette cendre à l’eau distillée par photométrie à flamme, spectrométrie à absorption atomique et par volumétrie révèle la présence de sodium (84,500 mg/L), potassium (1120 mg/L), calcium (44 mg/L) et magnésium (0,022 mg/L). Ce résultat indique que cette solution est très riche en potassium qu’en sodium et calcium ; le magnésium est présent sous forme de trace. En outre, l’analyse de la cendre obtenue à base de la rafle a révélé que les teneurs en potassium (3331,410 mg/L) et en sodium (497 mg/L) de la rafle sont plus élevées que celles de la branche du palmier à huile. Cependant, le dosage des anions dans une solution obtenue par dissolution de 10 grammes de sel de palme dans un litre d...
In order to contribute to the enhancement of local materials, Aklakou clays taken from the quarry and used for pottery have been characterized from a physicochemical and mineralogical point of view. Thus, the samples taken from the quarry... more
In order to contribute to the enhancement of local materials, Aklakou clays taken from the quarry and used for pottery have been characterized from a physicochemical and mineralogical point of view. Thus, the samples taken from the quarry were subjected to chemical and mineralogical analyzes. Several qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques were used (chemical analysis, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and analysis by I.R. spectroscopy). These results demonstrated the richness of this quartz clay, resulting in a high proportion of silica (77.62%). This study was therefore essential before any application of this type of clay in the formulation of aggregates and pottery products or even ceramics in the broad sense. We can therefore conclude that the clays mined at the Aklakou quarry are very favorable materials for formulations of pottery products and in other fields such as the formulation of light aggregates.
