L’objectif de cet article est de presenter l’importance du regard dans le processus de subjectiva... more L’objectif de cet article est de presenter l’importance du regard dans le processus de subjectivation et de discuter si l’utilisation recente d’ecrans dits interactifs, tels que les Smartphones et les tablettes, l’affecte. Je commence par presenter les principaux concepts theoriques que je considere comme lies au regard dans la theorie freudienne, comme la methode de la libre association, le Nebenmensch et la castration. Je presente aussi des concepts lacaniens qui, a mon avis, contribuent a la comprehension du regard et de son importance pour la formation du sujet, comme le stade du miroir, l’objet petit a et le grand Autre. Dans la deuxieme partie de cet essai, je discute de la difference entre les ecrans « passifs » et les ecrans interactifs, et de la facon dont ceux-ci pourraient remplir une fonction du miroir problematique. Si en fetichisant l’ecran interactif, l’individu cesse d’etre capable de reconnaitre l’alterite, quels sont les effets sur la formation du sujet, la relatio...
« Les écrans ont gagné » déclare Bowles (2020). C’est par ce commentaire que la journaliste évo... more « Les écrans ont gagné » déclare Bowles (2020). C’est par ce commentaire que la journaliste évoque le changement soudain de statut des écrans depuis l’éclosion de la pandémie du COVID-19. Si, jusqu’à cette récente épidémie, le temps passé devant les écrans posait souci, ce moment d’isolement social imposé a rendu, selon elle, les ordinateurs, tablettes et Smartphones omniprésents et nécessaires. De ce fait, les psychologues et psychanalystes ont aussi dû accepter la réalité du confinement. Le Syndicat National de Psychologues en France (2020) a ainsi exhorté les professionnels à poursuivre la téléconsultation. Dans ce nouveau contexte, plusieurs questions s’imposent comme, par exemple, la sécurité de données, l’exclusion « digitale » de certains et l’installation d’un nouveau cadre thérapeutique (composé d’ambiances séparées et rendu possible par un écran ou téléphone). La question ainsi abordée par ce Travail d’Étude concerne le passage d’une présence « en chair et en os » à une « présence » vue et/ou entendue.
The objective of this essay is to present an interpretation of the character and the myth of Mede... more The objective of this essay is to present an interpretation of the character and the myth of Medea with special regard to her position towards her own femininity. I concentrate my reflection mostly on the fact that Medea fell in love with Jason by "artificial means", that is, through the influence of Eros' arrows. If we understand that love is only possible, in the psychoanalytical sense, if there is a lacking that makes it possible for one to desire-what we could also call "castration"-, Medea "loves" without lacking anything, that is, without acknowledging her own castration. This, as myths go, leads to catastrophic consequences: I argue that the infanticide for which Medea became famous is nothing more than a "self-castration" of her part, a self-inflicted removal of a "piece of her", as she herself describes it. With the assassination of her children, she can finally accept her lacking and, consequently, her femininity and her place as a subject of her own desire.
This short reflection attempts to present the evolution of the "totemic" aspect of Moses througho... more This short reflection attempts to present the evolution of the "totemic" aspect of Moses throughout the Exodus, with special attention to the episode told in Chapter 32, when Moses was eventually "replaced" by the golden calf. By "totemic function" I understand the function that embodies the origin of the law, that is, the symbolic authority that condenses in itself the capacity to legislate and punish. I argue that Moses is mainly described as an intermediary between the law of God and the Jewish people – occasionally adding commandments and prohibitions on his own – and, in a second moment, he assumes the role of legislator himself, taking on this totemic function that belonged formerly to God.
This paper’s objective is to present the importance of gaze within the subjectification process a... more This paper’s objective is to present the importance of gaze within the subjectification process and to discuss whether the recent use of so-called “interactive screens”, such as smartphones and tablets, affects it. I start by presenting the main theoretical concepts which I consider related to gaze in the Freudian theory, such as the free association method, the Nebenmensch and castration. In the same chapter I also present Lacanian concepts which I believe contribute to understanding gaze and its importance, such as the Mirror state, the object petit a and the big Other. In the second part of this essay, I discuss the difference between “passive” screens and interactive screens, and how these could be currently performing a problematic mirror function. If by fetishizing the interactive screen the individual stops being able of acknowledging otherness, what are the effects for the formation of the subject, the relationship with the other and language itself? For this work I conducted a bibliographical survey of both Freud’s and Lacan’s main texts. I also used as empirical support psychological and sociological researches that explore the modern relationship we have with screens. The first part of this study presents the theoretical aspect of gaze; the second part discusses the current context in which the gaze has been competing with the interactive screen. The third part concludes.
Durant cet essai j’ai essayé de présenter le style particulier de Graciliano Ramos dans l’œuvre S... more Durant cet essai j’ai essayé de présenter le style particulier de Graciliano Ramos dans l’œuvre Sècheresse, et comment ce style peut être lié avec l’expérience du lecteur. On pourrait penser, dans un premier moment, que le manque des dialogues et la dureté des personnages et sa réalité empêchent une expérience plus proche avec l’histoire, ou même que l’intersubjectivité devienne handicapée à cause de l’absence de parole perçu par la famille. Mais peut-être l’absence de parole et la réduction de style augmentent la responsabilité du lecteur – le destinataire – de l’œuvre. L’ossature du récit est complément dévoilée, la nudité des faits dérange : les protagonistes savent qu’ils sont dépossédés d’une identité, en ne se reconnaissent pas comme personnes, mais comme bêtes. Il n’y a pas des idéaux pour eux, même des noms pour leur donner un vestige d’humanité sont enlevés. Les comportements sont imités de la nature, des (autres ?) animaux. Ils ne sont pas reconnus dans l’espace dont ils « appartient », en n’étant ni sujets ni personnes. En lisant la trajectoire de la famille misérable, le lecteur se rend compte de la vraie puissance de la parole. Est-ce qu’une réalité d’absence peut être changée avec une réponse ?
Ginette Michaud states in her book Tenir au Secret (Paris: Galilée, 2006) that literature and psy... more Ginette Michaud states in her book Tenir au Secret (Paris: Galilée, 2006) that literature and psychoanalysis are the last places one can resort to in search for an " unconditional hospitality ". This short essay discusses this notion combining her interpretation of Derrida and a psychoanalytical approach.
In October 2015, the European Court of Justice ruled in Case C-264/14 on the classification and t... more In October 2015, the European Court of Justice ruled in Case C-264/14 on the classification and taxation of Bitcoin under the Council Directive 2006/112/EC, which regulates the common system of valued added tax, commonly known as VAT Directive. The Case was brought by Sweden's Supreme Administrative Court and attempted to clarify the issue of possible taxation of Bitcoin exchange services provided by private parties and companies. The Court, while understanding that Bitcoin exchanges constitute an exception brought by the VAT Directive regarding the supply of services, stated several times that Bitcoin, as an alternative to legal tender, ―has no other purpose than to be a means of payment‖, and used this reasoning to justify its supply-of-service interpretation. This paper seeks to introduce evidence that Bitcoin has been, however, fulfilling other economic functions which have been traditionally associated with money – not limiting itself to acting only as a means of payment. Moreover, even though its use as a store of value might not be ideal given its decentralized and deregulated format, this alternative has been of growing interest by people in countries experiencing economic turmoil, such as India and Greece.
The existence of monetary instruments complementary to those so-called “official” ones is not a r... more The existence of monetary instruments complementary to those so-called “official” ones is not a recent phenomenon. Throughout history, many have been the forms and occasions in which complementary currencies were put in circulation. Recently, however, these instruments merged with technology, reaching almost unlimited potential and bringing to light consequences which we do not yet know how to estimate. This dissertation’s objective is to analyze a specific case of highly technological complementary currency: the Bitcoin. This should constitute a clearer approach directed to jurists, since most of the vocabulary involving cryptocurrencies involves IT and economical concepts. The study proposes a discussion as to what does it mean to regard the Bitcoin as a complementary currency – even though the discussion as to whether it is or not a currency at all constitutes only one of the possible approaches. I also explore which are the regulatory options adopted by different jurisdictions that have been forced to take a position regarding virtual currencies in general and Bitcoin in particular. As I will present, the terminology chosen by countries while regulating the Bitcoin results in its inclusion under different law categories and, as a direct consequence, the legal implications vary according to the terminology first embraced. The main treatment given to Bitcoin translates in taxation, in which we can clearly notice the concern from each State to classify the instrument according to the specific regulation one wants to invoke. From the survey carried out here, 62 jurisdictions have already taken a position towards the Bitcoin. With more and more attention from international regulatory agencies – such as the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund – the Bitcoin increases its potential and its limitations, especially regarding the challenges faced by an efficient regulation. The conclusion of this dissertation reinforces the notion that the juridical treatment given to new phenomena is not homogeneous, that is, Law does not have one right way to deal with situations found in the world of facts. Also, regarding the Bitcoin as a parallel currency may help regulators to better understand and regulate this cryptocurrency.
Trata-se de reconstrução bibliográfica da TEM, principal doutrina a nortear a concepção jurídica ... more Trata-se de reconstrução bibliográfica da TEM, principal doutrina a nortear a concepção jurídica de moeda.
Já diria João Guimarães Rosa, considerado por muitos um dos maiores escritores da literatura bras... more Já diria João Guimarães Rosa, considerado por muitos um dos maiores escritores da literatura brasileira, que as palavras, além de significado, “têm canto e plumagem”. Como, portanto, utilizar as palavras corretas para reavaliar e, em um momento posterior, redefinir, os elementos básicos associados ao ensino do Direito no Brasil? A proposta deste trabalho é instigar a reflexão acerca dos principais aspectos do ensino jurídico – como o papel do professor, a posição do aluno e o conteúdo transmitido – a partir do conto “Pirlimpsiquice”, que integra a obra “Primeiras Estórias” de Rosa. A título de conclusão, propõe-se ainda como a literatura pode ser trazida para a sala de aula para inovar o ensino, desafiar o aluno e, por que não, repensar o Direito.
This paper approaches the field of monetary law and monetary policy, specifically regarding the K... more This paper approaches the field of monetary law and monetary policy, specifically regarding the Keynes’ International Clearing Union proposal in the Bretton Woods economic and political context. It also describes and deepens some of the current international monetary system’s elements, such as the special drawing rights and one of the ICU’s originally imagined products, the bancor. The bancor, even though discarded along with most of Keynes’ proposals – which stated Harry Dexter White’s and, consequently, the United States hegemony in the international financial system – would be later inspiring the today known as Special Drawing Rights, accounting unit used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The research was conducted based on the author’s writings, on specialized academic articles and on transcripts of the meetings held on Bretton Woods.
O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar um estudo descritivo das criptomoedas – e particularm... more O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar um estudo descritivo das criptomoedas – e particularmente de sua espécie mais conhecida, o Bitcoin – classificando-as como forma monetária inserida no grupo das moedas paralelas. Atentar-se-á, no entanto, às peculiaridades deste novo instrumento, que se diferencia dos instrumentos criados por particulares até o presente – principalmente devido ao seu caráter desinstitucionalizado e “anárquico” – como descrito pelos próprios usuários. Para uma melhor diferenciação, explorar-se-á ainda um outro caso prático, o caso do Banco Palmas, conhecido por ter aliado a coesão de uma comunidade à emissão e circulação de uma moeda própria de circulação restrita que levou a um desenvolvimento significativo da comunidade.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, a partir de um caso da realidade, como e em que pontos a... more Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, a partir de um caso da realidade, como e em que pontos a Teoria Geral do Estado tradicional já não mais é aplicável à realidade mundial. O conceito de Estado como nós o conhecemos e somos ensinados já não mais existe. Os elementos estão superados, obsoletos, são outros. A velha tríade nação-soberania-território perdeu-se com o advento e desenvolvimento da globalização e, no entanto, é a ela que recorremos no ensino do Direito, é a ela que recorremos quando explicamos bases econômicas, sociais e políticas. É ela a base das nossas teorias e o pano de fundo do nosso conhecimento. Mas essa tríade faz parte do passado, e não do presente. O conceito de nação é, hoje, cada vez mais tênue. O de território, idem. E o de soberania... ousamos dizer que a soberania como a conhecemos já não mais existe.
Com o advento da globalização, ocorre um aumento das desigualdades sociais e econômicas, culminan... more Com o advento da globalização, ocorre um aumento das desigualdades sociais e econômicas, culminando no aparecimento de conglomerados poderosos, como as grandes empresas transnacionais, contrapostos a comunidades empobrecidas e carentes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar um caso específico de reação ao fenômeno da globalização: as moedas sociais – aliadas ao fortalecimento dos ideais da Economia Solidária – e relacionar esta iniciativa à inserção do Brasil no cenário econômico internacional.
A presente pesquisa teve como
objeto
de estudo o controle de constitucionalidade
exe... more A presente pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo o controle de constitucionalidade exercido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), em suas formas preventiva e repressiva, analisado a partir de uma perspectiva interna ao processo decisório que se desenvolve no referido Tribunal. De maneira resumida, a escolha desse objeto e enfoque de análise encontra justificativa no debate acerca da interação entre os Poderes Judiciário, Executivo e Legislativo, que guarda estreita relação com a ideia de “judicialização da política”, tema da linha de pesquisa à qual se vincula o presente trabalho.
L’objectif de cet article est de presenter l’importance du regard dans le processus de subjectiva... more L’objectif de cet article est de presenter l’importance du regard dans le processus de subjectivation et de discuter si l’utilisation recente d’ecrans dits interactifs, tels que les Smartphones et les tablettes, l’affecte. Je commence par presenter les principaux concepts theoriques que je considere comme lies au regard dans la theorie freudienne, comme la methode de la libre association, le Nebenmensch et la castration. Je presente aussi des concepts lacaniens qui, a mon avis, contribuent a la comprehension du regard et de son importance pour la formation du sujet, comme le stade du miroir, l’objet petit a et le grand Autre. Dans la deuxieme partie de cet essai, je discute de la difference entre les ecrans « passifs » et les ecrans interactifs, et de la facon dont ceux-ci pourraient remplir une fonction du miroir problematique. Si en fetichisant l’ecran interactif, l’individu cesse d’etre capable de reconnaitre l’alterite, quels sont les effets sur la formation du sujet, la relatio...
« Les écrans ont gagné » déclare Bowles (2020). C’est par ce commentaire que la journaliste évo... more « Les écrans ont gagné » déclare Bowles (2020). C’est par ce commentaire que la journaliste évoque le changement soudain de statut des écrans depuis l’éclosion de la pandémie du COVID-19. Si, jusqu’à cette récente épidémie, le temps passé devant les écrans posait souci, ce moment d’isolement social imposé a rendu, selon elle, les ordinateurs, tablettes et Smartphones omniprésents et nécessaires. De ce fait, les psychologues et psychanalystes ont aussi dû accepter la réalité du confinement. Le Syndicat National de Psychologues en France (2020) a ainsi exhorté les professionnels à poursuivre la téléconsultation. Dans ce nouveau contexte, plusieurs questions s’imposent comme, par exemple, la sécurité de données, l’exclusion « digitale » de certains et l’installation d’un nouveau cadre thérapeutique (composé d’ambiances séparées et rendu possible par un écran ou téléphone). La question ainsi abordée par ce Travail d’Étude concerne le passage d’une présence « en chair et en os » à une « présence » vue et/ou entendue.
The objective of this essay is to present an interpretation of the character and the myth of Mede... more The objective of this essay is to present an interpretation of the character and the myth of Medea with special regard to her position towards her own femininity. I concentrate my reflection mostly on the fact that Medea fell in love with Jason by "artificial means", that is, through the influence of Eros' arrows. If we understand that love is only possible, in the psychoanalytical sense, if there is a lacking that makes it possible for one to desire-what we could also call "castration"-, Medea "loves" without lacking anything, that is, without acknowledging her own castration. This, as myths go, leads to catastrophic consequences: I argue that the infanticide for which Medea became famous is nothing more than a "self-castration" of her part, a self-inflicted removal of a "piece of her", as she herself describes it. With the assassination of her children, she can finally accept her lacking and, consequently, her femininity and her place as a subject of her own desire.
This short reflection attempts to present the evolution of the "totemic" aspect of Moses througho... more This short reflection attempts to present the evolution of the "totemic" aspect of Moses throughout the Exodus, with special attention to the episode told in Chapter 32, when Moses was eventually "replaced" by the golden calf. By "totemic function" I understand the function that embodies the origin of the law, that is, the symbolic authority that condenses in itself the capacity to legislate and punish. I argue that Moses is mainly described as an intermediary between the law of God and the Jewish people – occasionally adding commandments and prohibitions on his own – and, in a second moment, he assumes the role of legislator himself, taking on this totemic function that belonged formerly to God.
This paper’s objective is to present the importance of gaze within the subjectification process a... more This paper’s objective is to present the importance of gaze within the subjectification process and to discuss whether the recent use of so-called “interactive screens”, such as smartphones and tablets, affects it. I start by presenting the main theoretical concepts which I consider related to gaze in the Freudian theory, such as the free association method, the Nebenmensch and castration. In the same chapter I also present Lacanian concepts which I believe contribute to understanding gaze and its importance, such as the Mirror state, the object petit a and the big Other. In the second part of this essay, I discuss the difference between “passive” screens and interactive screens, and how these could be currently performing a problematic mirror function. If by fetishizing the interactive screen the individual stops being able of acknowledging otherness, what are the effects for the formation of the subject, the relationship with the other and language itself? For this work I conducted a bibliographical survey of both Freud’s and Lacan’s main texts. I also used as empirical support psychological and sociological researches that explore the modern relationship we have with screens. The first part of this study presents the theoretical aspect of gaze; the second part discusses the current context in which the gaze has been competing with the interactive screen. The third part concludes.
Durant cet essai j’ai essayé de présenter le style particulier de Graciliano Ramos dans l’œuvre S... more Durant cet essai j’ai essayé de présenter le style particulier de Graciliano Ramos dans l’œuvre Sècheresse, et comment ce style peut être lié avec l’expérience du lecteur. On pourrait penser, dans un premier moment, que le manque des dialogues et la dureté des personnages et sa réalité empêchent une expérience plus proche avec l’histoire, ou même que l’intersubjectivité devienne handicapée à cause de l’absence de parole perçu par la famille. Mais peut-être l’absence de parole et la réduction de style augmentent la responsabilité du lecteur – le destinataire – de l’œuvre. L’ossature du récit est complément dévoilée, la nudité des faits dérange : les protagonistes savent qu’ils sont dépossédés d’une identité, en ne se reconnaissent pas comme personnes, mais comme bêtes. Il n’y a pas des idéaux pour eux, même des noms pour leur donner un vestige d’humanité sont enlevés. Les comportements sont imités de la nature, des (autres ?) animaux. Ils ne sont pas reconnus dans l’espace dont ils « appartient », en n’étant ni sujets ni personnes. En lisant la trajectoire de la famille misérable, le lecteur se rend compte de la vraie puissance de la parole. Est-ce qu’une réalité d’absence peut être changée avec une réponse ?
Ginette Michaud states in her book Tenir au Secret (Paris: Galilée, 2006) that literature and psy... more Ginette Michaud states in her book Tenir au Secret (Paris: Galilée, 2006) that literature and psychoanalysis are the last places one can resort to in search for an " unconditional hospitality ". This short essay discusses this notion combining her interpretation of Derrida and a psychoanalytical approach.
In October 2015, the European Court of Justice ruled in Case C-264/14 on the classification and t... more In October 2015, the European Court of Justice ruled in Case C-264/14 on the classification and taxation of Bitcoin under the Council Directive 2006/112/EC, which regulates the common system of valued added tax, commonly known as VAT Directive. The Case was brought by Sweden's Supreme Administrative Court and attempted to clarify the issue of possible taxation of Bitcoin exchange services provided by private parties and companies. The Court, while understanding that Bitcoin exchanges constitute an exception brought by the VAT Directive regarding the supply of services, stated several times that Bitcoin, as an alternative to legal tender, ―has no other purpose than to be a means of payment‖, and used this reasoning to justify its supply-of-service interpretation. This paper seeks to introduce evidence that Bitcoin has been, however, fulfilling other economic functions which have been traditionally associated with money – not limiting itself to acting only as a means of payment. Moreover, even though its use as a store of value might not be ideal given its decentralized and deregulated format, this alternative has been of growing interest by people in countries experiencing economic turmoil, such as India and Greece.
The existence of monetary instruments complementary to those so-called “official” ones is not a r... more The existence of monetary instruments complementary to those so-called “official” ones is not a recent phenomenon. Throughout history, many have been the forms and occasions in which complementary currencies were put in circulation. Recently, however, these instruments merged with technology, reaching almost unlimited potential and bringing to light consequences which we do not yet know how to estimate. This dissertation’s objective is to analyze a specific case of highly technological complementary currency: the Bitcoin. This should constitute a clearer approach directed to jurists, since most of the vocabulary involving cryptocurrencies involves IT and economical concepts. The study proposes a discussion as to what does it mean to regard the Bitcoin as a complementary currency – even though the discussion as to whether it is or not a currency at all constitutes only one of the possible approaches. I also explore which are the regulatory options adopted by different jurisdictions that have been forced to take a position regarding virtual currencies in general and Bitcoin in particular. As I will present, the terminology chosen by countries while regulating the Bitcoin results in its inclusion under different law categories and, as a direct consequence, the legal implications vary according to the terminology first embraced. The main treatment given to Bitcoin translates in taxation, in which we can clearly notice the concern from each State to classify the instrument according to the specific regulation one wants to invoke. From the survey carried out here, 62 jurisdictions have already taken a position towards the Bitcoin. With more and more attention from international regulatory agencies – such as the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund – the Bitcoin increases its potential and its limitations, especially regarding the challenges faced by an efficient regulation. The conclusion of this dissertation reinforces the notion that the juridical treatment given to new phenomena is not homogeneous, that is, Law does not have one right way to deal with situations found in the world of facts. Also, regarding the Bitcoin as a parallel currency may help regulators to better understand and regulate this cryptocurrency.
Trata-se de reconstrução bibliográfica da TEM, principal doutrina a nortear a concepção jurídica ... more Trata-se de reconstrução bibliográfica da TEM, principal doutrina a nortear a concepção jurídica de moeda.
Já diria João Guimarães Rosa, considerado por muitos um dos maiores escritores da literatura bras... more Já diria João Guimarães Rosa, considerado por muitos um dos maiores escritores da literatura brasileira, que as palavras, além de significado, “têm canto e plumagem”. Como, portanto, utilizar as palavras corretas para reavaliar e, em um momento posterior, redefinir, os elementos básicos associados ao ensino do Direito no Brasil? A proposta deste trabalho é instigar a reflexão acerca dos principais aspectos do ensino jurídico – como o papel do professor, a posição do aluno e o conteúdo transmitido – a partir do conto “Pirlimpsiquice”, que integra a obra “Primeiras Estórias” de Rosa. A título de conclusão, propõe-se ainda como a literatura pode ser trazida para a sala de aula para inovar o ensino, desafiar o aluno e, por que não, repensar o Direito.
This paper approaches the field of monetary law and monetary policy, specifically regarding the K... more This paper approaches the field of monetary law and monetary policy, specifically regarding the Keynes’ International Clearing Union proposal in the Bretton Woods economic and political context. It also describes and deepens some of the current international monetary system’s elements, such as the special drawing rights and one of the ICU’s originally imagined products, the bancor. The bancor, even though discarded along with most of Keynes’ proposals – which stated Harry Dexter White’s and, consequently, the United States hegemony in the international financial system – would be later inspiring the today known as Special Drawing Rights, accounting unit used by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The research was conducted based on the author’s writings, on specialized academic articles and on transcripts of the meetings held on Bretton Woods.
O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar um estudo descritivo das criptomoedas – e particularm... more O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar um estudo descritivo das criptomoedas – e particularmente de sua espécie mais conhecida, o Bitcoin – classificando-as como forma monetária inserida no grupo das moedas paralelas. Atentar-se-á, no entanto, às peculiaridades deste novo instrumento, que se diferencia dos instrumentos criados por particulares até o presente – principalmente devido ao seu caráter desinstitucionalizado e “anárquico” – como descrito pelos próprios usuários. Para uma melhor diferenciação, explorar-se-á ainda um outro caso prático, o caso do Banco Palmas, conhecido por ter aliado a coesão de uma comunidade à emissão e circulação de uma moeda própria de circulação restrita que levou a um desenvolvimento significativo da comunidade.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, a partir de um caso da realidade, como e em que pontos a... more Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, a partir de um caso da realidade, como e em que pontos a Teoria Geral do Estado tradicional já não mais é aplicável à realidade mundial. O conceito de Estado como nós o conhecemos e somos ensinados já não mais existe. Os elementos estão superados, obsoletos, são outros. A velha tríade nação-soberania-território perdeu-se com o advento e desenvolvimento da globalização e, no entanto, é a ela que recorremos no ensino do Direito, é a ela que recorremos quando explicamos bases econômicas, sociais e políticas. É ela a base das nossas teorias e o pano de fundo do nosso conhecimento. Mas essa tríade faz parte do passado, e não do presente. O conceito de nação é, hoje, cada vez mais tênue. O de território, idem. E o de soberania... ousamos dizer que a soberania como a conhecemos já não mais existe.
Com o advento da globalização, ocorre um aumento das desigualdades sociais e econômicas, culminan... more Com o advento da globalização, ocorre um aumento das desigualdades sociais e econômicas, culminando no aparecimento de conglomerados poderosos, como as grandes empresas transnacionais, contrapostos a comunidades empobrecidas e carentes. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar um caso específico de reação ao fenômeno da globalização: as moedas sociais – aliadas ao fortalecimento dos ideais da Economia Solidária – e relacionar esta iniciativa à inserção do Brasil no cenário econômico internacional.
A presente pesquisa teve como
objeto
de estudo o controle de constitucionalidade
exe... more A presente pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo o controle de constitucionalidade exercido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), em suas formas preventiva e repressiva, analisado a partir de uma perspectiva interna ao processo decisório que se desenvolve no referido Tribunal. De maneira resumida, a escolha desse objeto e enfoque de análise encontra justificativa no debate acerca da interação entre os Poderes Judiciário, Executivo e Legislativo, que guarda estreita relação com a ideia de “judicialização da política”, tema da linha de pesquisa à qual se vincula o presente trabalho.
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De ce fait, les psychologues et psychanalystes ont aussi dû accepter la réalité du confinement. Le Syndicat National de Psychologues en France (2020) a ainsi exhorté les professionnels à poursuivre la téléconsultation.
Dans ce nouveau contexte, plusieurs questions s’imposent comme, par exemple, la sécurité de données, l’exclusion « digitale » de certains et l’installation d’un nouveau cadre thérapeutique (composé d’ambiances séparées et rendu possible par un écran ou téléphone). La question ainsi abordée par ce Travail d’Étude concerne le passage d’une présence « en chair et en os » à une « présence » vue et/ou entendue.
In the second part of this essay, I discuss the difference between “passive” screens and interactive screens, and how these could be currently performing a problematic mirror function. If by fetishizing the interactive screen the individual stops being able of acknowledging otherness, what are the effects for the formation of the subject, the relationship with the other and language itself?
For this work I conducted a bibliographical survey of both Freud’s and Lacan’s main texts. I also used as empirical support psychological and sociological researches that explore the modern relationship we have with screens. The first part of this study presents the theoretical aspect of gaze; the second part discusses the current context in which the gaze has been competing with the interactive screen. The third part concludes.
Mais peut-être l’absence de parole et la réduction de style augmentent la responsabilité du lecteur – le destinataire – de l’œuvre. L’ossature du récit est complément dévoilée, la nudité des faits dérange : les protagonistes savent qu’ils sont dépossédés d’une identité, en ne se reconnaissent pas comme personnes, mais comme bêtes. Il n’y a pas des idéaux pour eux, même des noms pour leur donner un vestige d’humanité sont enlevés. Les comportements sont imités de la nature, des (autres ?) animaux. Ils ne sont pas reconnus dans l’espace dont ils « appartient », en n’étant ni sujets ni personnes.
En lisant la trajectoire de la famille misérable, le lecteur se rend compte de la vraie puissance de la parole. Est-ce qu’une réalité d’absence peut être changée avec une réponse ?
This dissertation’s objective is to analyze a specific case of highly technological complementary currency: the Bitcoin. This should constitute a clearer approach directed to jurists, since most of the vocabulary involving cryptocurrencies involves IT and economical concepts. The study proposes a discussion as to what does it mean to regard the Bitcoin as a complementary currency – even though the discussion as to whether it is or not a currency at all constitutes only one of the possible approaches.
I also explore which are the regulatory options adopted by different jurisdictions that have been forced to take a position regarding virtual currencies in general and Bitcoin in particular. As I will present, the terminology chosen by countries while regulating the Bitcoin results in its inclusion under different law categories and, as a direct consequence, the legal implications vary according to the terminology first embraced. The main treatment given to Bitcoin translates in taxation, in which we can clearly notice the concern from each State to classify the instrument according to the specific regulation one wants to invoke.
From the survey carried out here, 62 jurisdictions have already taken a position towards the Bitcoin. With more and more attention from international regulatory agencies – such as the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund – the Bitcoin increases its potential and its limitations, especially regarding the challenges faced by an efficient regulation.
The conclusion of this dissertation reinforces the notion that the juridical treatment given to new phenomena is not homogeneous, that is, Law does not have one right way to deal with situations found in the world of facts. Also, regarding the Bitcoin as a parallel currency may help regulators to better understand and regulate this cryptocurrency.
objeto
de estudo o controle de constitucionalidade
exercido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), em suas formas preventiva e repressiva,
analisado a partir de uma
perspectiva interna ao processo decisório
que se desenvolve
no referido Tribunal. De maneira resumida, a escolha desse objeto e enfoque de análise
encontra justificativa no debate acerca da interação entre os Poderes Judiciário, Executivo e
Legislativo, que guarda estreita relação com a ideia de “judicialização da política”, tema da
linha de pesquisa à qual se vincula o presente trabalho.
Books by Nicole Fobe
De ce fait, les psychologues et psychanalystes ont aussi dû accepter la réalité du confinement. Le Syndicat National de Psychologues en France (2020) a ainsi exhorté les professionnels à poursuivre la téléconsultation.
Dans ce nouveau contexte, plusieurs questions s’imposent comme, par exemple, la sécurité de données, l’exclusion « digitale » de certains et l’installation d’un nouveau cadre thérapeutique (composé d’ambiances séparées et rendu possible par un écran ou téléphone). La question ainsi abordée par ce Travail d’Étude concerne le passage d’une présence « en chair et en os » à une « présence » vue et/ou entendue.
In the second part of this essay, I discuss the difference between “passive” screens and interactive screens, and how these could be currently performing a problematic mirror function. If by fetishizing the interactive screen the individual stops being able of acknowledging otherness, what are the effects for the formation of the subject, the relationship with the other and language itself?
For this work I conducted a bibliographical survey of both Freud’s and Lacan’s main texts. I also used as empirical support psychological and sociological researches that explore the modern relationship we have with screens. The first part of this study presents the theoretical aspect of gaze; the second part discusses the current context in which the gaze has been competing with the interactive screen. The third part concludes.
Mais peut-être l’absence de parole et la réduction de style augmentent la responsabilité du lecteur – le destinataire – de l’œuvre. L’ossature du récit est complément dévoilée, la nudité des faits dérange : les protagonistes savent qu’ils sont dépossédés d’une identité, en ne se reconnaissent pas comme personnes, mais comme bêtes. Il n’y a pas des idéaux pour eux, même des noms pour leur donner un vestige d’humanité sont enlevés. Les comportements sont imités de la nature, des (autres ?) animaux. Ils ne sont pas reconnus dans l’espace dont ils « appartient », en n’étant ni sujets ni personnes.
En lisant la trajectoire de la famille misérable, le lecteur se rend compte de la vraie puissance de la parole. Est-ce qu’une réalité d’absence peut être changée avec une réponse ?
This dissertation’s objective is to analyze a specific case of highly technological complementary currency: the Bitcoin. This should constitute a clearer approach directed to jurists, since most of the vocabulary involving cryptocurrencies involves IT and economical concepts. The study proposes a discussion as to what does it mean to regard the Bitcoin as a complementary currency – even though the discussion as to whether it is or not a currency at all constitutes only one of the possible approaches.
I also explore which are the regulatory options adopted by different jurisdictions that have been forced to take a position regarding virtual currencies in general and Bitcoin in particular. As I will present, the terminology chosen by countries while regulating the Bitcoin results in its inclusion under different law categories and, as a direct consequence, the legal implications vary according to the terminology first embraced. The main treatment given to Bitcoin translates in taxation, in which we can clearly notice the concern from each State to classify the instrument according to the specific regulation one wants to invoke.
From the survey carried out here, 62 jurisdictions have already taken a position towards the Bitcoin. With more and more attention from international regulatory agencies – such as the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund – the Bitcoin increases its potential and its limitations, especially regarding the challenges faced by an efficient regulation.
The conclusion of this dissertation reinforces the notion that the juridical treatment given to new phenomena is not homogeneous, that is, Law does not have one right way to deal with situations found in the world of facts. Also, regarding the Bitcoin as a parallel currency may help regulators to better understand and regulate this cryptocurrency.
objeto
de estudo o controle de constitucionalidade
exercido pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), em suas formas preventiva e repressiva,
analisado a partir de uma
perspectiva interna ao processo decisório
que se desenvolve
no referido Tribunal. De maneira resumida, a escolha desse objeto e enfoque de análise
encontra justificativa no debate acerca da interação entre os Poderes Judiciário, Executivo e
Legislativo, que guarda estreita relação com a ideia de “judicialização da política”, tema da
linha de pesquisa à qual se vincula o presente trabalho.