The Amazon environment has been exposed in the last decades to radical changes that have been acc... more The Amazon environment has been exposed in the last decades to radical changes that have been accompanied by a remarkable rise of both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. The malaria transmission process is highly influenced by factors such as spatial and temporal heterogeneities of the environment and individual-based characteristics of mosquitoes and humans populations. All these determinant factors can be simulated effectively trough agent-based models. This paper presents a validated agent-based model of local-scale malaria transmission. The model reproduces the environment of a typical riverine village in the northern Peruvian Amazon, where the malaria transmission is highly seasonal and apparently associated with flooding of large areas caused by the neighbouring river. Agents representing humans, mosquitoes and the two species of Plasmodium (P. falciparum and P. vivax) are simulated in a spatially explicit representation of the environment around the village. ...
A forte relação das pessoas com o Rio Doce, bem como suas enchentes regulares, representam fator ... more A forte relação das pessoas com o Rio Doce, bem como suas enchentes regulares, representam fator contínuo de exposição ao risco de doenças hídricas. Dada sua relevância epidemiológica, este estudo analisa a associação entre percepção de contaminação e uso do rio, bem como os mecanismos heurísticos empregados na formação da percepção de risco. Utilizou-se um modelo probit ordenado com variável instrumental e análise de redes temáticas aplicados a uma base de dados primária de 352 domicílios, representativa dos moradores de Tumiritinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil, para o ano de 2012. Os resultados indicam que embora a maioria (92,6%) dos moradores de Tumiritinga perceba o risco de contrair algum tipo de doença quando nada no Rio Doce, somente 11,4% informam não entrar na água. A análise de conteúdo sugere que esse paradoxo advém da falta de compreensão populacional sobre os mecanismos de transmissão de doenças hídricas, criando viés otimista sobre as chances de contaminação. Campanhas para ...
ABSTRACT In an age of climate change, researchers need to form a deepened understanding of the de... more ABSTRACT In an age of climate change, researchers need to form a deepened understanding of the determinants of environmental concern, particularly in countries of emerging economies. This paper provides a region-specific investigation of the impact of socio-economic status (SES) and objective environmental conditions on environmental concern in urban Brazil. We make use of data collected from personal interviews of individuals living in the metropolitan areas of Baixada Santista and Campinas, in the larger São Paulo area. Results from multilevel regression models indicate that wealthier households are more environmentally concerned, as suggested by affluence and post-materialist hypotheses. However, we also observe that increasing environmental concern correlates with a decline in objective environmental conditions. Interactions between objective environmental conditions and SES reveal some intriguing relationships: Among poorer individuals, a decline in environmental conditions increases environmental concern as suggested by the objective problems hypothesis, while for the wealthy, a decline in environmental conditions is associated with lower levels of environmental concern.
This article reviews patterns of perception and environmental concern in different metropolitan a... more This article reviews patterns of perception and environmental concern in different metropolitan areas of Brazil and how these are influenced by socioeconomic level and objective environmental conditions. Building on previous findings by Nawrotzki, Guedes and Carmo (2014), we asked whether the relationship between socioeconomic status, objective environmental conditions and degree of concern involved differences in perception regarding environmental issues and stakeholders. We think that concern might be too abstract a concept to be freely used as a synonym for environmental attitude. Moreover, factors that precede a decision (such as environmental awareness and perception) and are key components of environmental concern were not taken into consideration by Nawrotzki, Guedes and Carmo in their analysis. This time, we use a new data set gathered in 2007 from a representative sample of inhabitants of the metropolitan regions of Campinas and Baixada Santista in the São Paulo extended metropolitan region. These are the same data used in Nawrotzki, Guedes and Carmoy (2014). Expanding the idea of evaluating the environmental profile by adding environmental awareness and perception of environmental issues, along with environmental concern, we used latent class models including a random effect, assuming that these three environmental dimensions are related and should be modelled together as a dependent latent structure. The findings from our models indicate that objective environmental problems exacerbate the perception of environmental problems, although concern for the environment clearly depends on wealth. Some groups living in poverty thus face limitations when translating their perception of pressing environmental issues into a pro-environmental attitude.
Com base nas teorias de desenvolvimento da fronteira e nas abordagens de estratégias de sobrevivê... more Com base nas teorias de desenvolvimento da fronteira e nas abordagens de estratégias de sobrevivência, este artigo ilustra o processo de colonização e dinâmica de uso do solo do Cerrado brasileiro, destacando a importância da migração, das associações agrícolas e do governo em contribuir para o sucesso de uma área de assentamento voltada para a intensificação de capital. Para ilustrar este processo com um estudo de caso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com os pioneiros na região do Programa de Assentamento Dirigido do Alto Paranaíba (PADAP) durante 2008 e 2009. Nossos resultados sugerem que a segunda geração procura emprego urbano e educação, com a migração rural-urbana se tornando uma componente chave da dinâmica de fronteira recente. O esvaziamento da fronteira, induzido pela emigração da segunda geração, parece funcionar como um incentivo, ao invés de uma restrição ao trabalho. Com uma combinação bem sucedida de provisão governamental de assistência técnica e crédito subsidiado pela C...
Journal of Sustainable Development 7(2), 173-193, 2014
In an age of climate change, researchers need to form a deepened understanding of the determinant... more In an age of climate change, researchers need to form a deepened understanding of the determinants of environmental concern, particularly in countries of emerging economies. This paper provides a region-specific investigation of the impact of socio-economic status (SES) and objective environmental conditions on environmental concern in urban Brazil. We make use of data collected from personal interviews of individuals living in the metropolitan areas of Baixada Santista and Campinas, in the larger São Paulo area. Results from multilevel regression models indicate that wealthier households are more environmentally concerned, as suggested by affluence and post-materialist hypotheses. However, we also observe that increasing environmental concern correlates with a decline in objective environmental conditions. Interactions between objective environmental conditions and SES reveal some intriguing relationships: Among poorer individuals, a decline in environmental conditions increases environmental concern as suggested by the objective problems hypothesis, while for the wealthy, a decline in environmental conditions is associated with lower levels of environmental concern.
ABSTRACT We build on the theoretical tradition of livelihood strategies and capital portfolios to... more ABSTRACT We build on the theoretical tradition of livelihood strategies and capital portfolios to empirically assess wellbeing among rural households, but with an eye to comparison across contexts. First, we estimate a multidimensional measure of poverty based on fuzzy ...
ABSTRACT The availability of increasingly complex and multidimensional datasets is one of the mai... more ABSTRACT The availability of increasingly complex and multidimensional datasets is one of the main causes for the increase in studies employing multivariate analyses based on fuzzy sets. Even though the Grade of Membership method has been widely used in Brazil for empirical studies in health and social sciences, issues regarding identifiability and stability of the final parameters estimated by GoM 3.4 software have not been thoroughly examined. Given the relevance of unique and stable parameters, Guedes et al. (2010) proposed an empirical method to locate a global maximum (GM) with stable parameters. However, the GM locator does not incorporate variability. In the present article, this limitation is circumvented by employing a weighted statistic - weight global maximum (WGM) - similar to the variation coefficient. This indicator does not affect disproportionately situations with very low mean deviations. The WGM locator is shown to decrease the distance of the identified model from the real structure, when compared with the GM locator.
The Amazon environment has been exposed in the last decades to radical changes that have been acc... more The Amazon environment has been exposed in the last decades to radical changes that have been accompanied by a remarkable rise of both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. The malaria transmission process is highly influenced by factors such as spatial and temporal heterogeneities of the environment and individual-based characteristics of mosquitoes and humans populations. All these determinant factors can be simulated effectively trough agent-based models. This paper presents a validated agent-based model of local-scale malaria transmission. The model reproduces the environment of a typical riverine village in the northern Peruvian Amazon, where the malaria transmission is highly seasonal and apparently associated with flooding of large areas caused by the neighbouring river. Agents representing humans, mosquitoes and the two species of Plasmodium (P. falciparum and P. vivax) are simulated in a spatially explicit representation of the environment around the village. ...
A forte relação das pessoas com o Rio Doce, bem como suas enchentes regulares, representam fator ... more A forte relação das pessoas com o Rio Doce, bem como suas enchentes regulares, representam fator contínuo de exposição ao risco de doenças hídricas. Dada sua relevância epidemiológica, este estudo analisa a associação entre percepção de contaminação e uso do rio, bem como os mecanismos heurísticos empregados na formação da percepção de risco. Utilizou-se um modelo probit ordenado com variável instrumental e análise de redes temáticas aplicados a uma base de dados primária de 352 domicílios, representativa dos moradores de Tumiritinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil, para o ano de 2012. Os resultados indicam que embora a maioria (92,6%) dos moradores de Tumiritinga perceba o risco de contrair algum tipo de doença quando nada no Rio Doce, somente 11,4% informam não entrar na água. A análise de conteúdo sugere que esse paradoxo advém da falta de compreensão populacional sobre os mecanismos de transmissão de doenças hídricas, criando viés otimista sobre as chances de contaminação. Campanhas para ...
ABSTRACT In an age of climate change, researchers need to form a deepened understanding of the de... more ABSTRACT In an age of climate change, researchers need to form a deepened understanding of the determinants of environmental concern, particularly in countries of emerging economies. This paper provides a region-specific investigation of the impact of socio-economic status (SES) and objective environmental conditions on environmental concern in urban Brazil. We make use of data collected from personal interviews of individuals living in the metropolitan areas of Baixada Santista and Campinas, in the larger São Paulo area. Results from multilevel regression models indicate that wealthier households are more environmentally concerned, as suggested by affluence and post-materialist hypotheses. However, we also observe that increasing environmental concern correlates with a decline in objective environmental conditions. Interactions between objective environmental conditions and SES reveal some intriguing relationships: Among poorer individuals, a decline in environmental conditions increases environmental concern as suggested by the objective problems hypothesis, while for the wealthy, a decline in environmental conditions is associated with lower levels of environmental concern.
This article reviews patterns of perception and environmental concern in different metropolitan a... more This article reviews patterns of perception and environmental concern in different metropolitan areas of Brazil and how these are influenced by socioeconomic level and objective environmental conditions. Building on previous findings by Nawrotzki, Guedes and Carmo (2014), we asked whether the relationship between socioeconomic status, objective environmental conditions and degree of concern involved differences in perception regarding environmental issues and stakeholders. We think that concern might be too abstract a concept to be freely used as a synonym for environmental attitude. Moreover, factors that precede a decision (such as environmental awareness and perception) and are key components of environmental concern were not taken into consideration by Nawrotzki, Guedes and Carmo in their analysis. This time, we use a new data set gathered in 2007 from a representative sample of inhabitants of the metropolitan regions of Campinas and Baixada Santista in the São Paulo extended metropolitan region. These are the same data used in Nawrotzki, Guedes and Carmoy (2014). Expanding the idea of evaluating the environmental profile by adding environmental awareness and perception of environmental issues, along with environmental concern, we used latent class models including a random effect, assuming that these three environmental dimensions are related and should be modelled together as a dependent latent structure. The findings from our models indicate that objective environmental problems exacerbate the perception of environmental problems, although concern for the environment clearly depends on wealth. Some groups living in poverty thus face limitations when translating their perception of pressing environmental issues into a pro-environmental attitude.
Com base nas teorias de desenvolvimento da fronteira e nas abordagens de estratégias de sobrevivê... more Com base nas teorias de desenvolvimento da fronteira e nas abordagens de estratégias de sobrevivência, este artigo ilustra o processo de colonização e dinâmica de uso do solo do Cerrado brasileiro, destacando a importância da migração, das associações agrícolas e do governo em contribuir para o sucesso de uma área de assentamento voltada para a intensificação de capital. Para ilustrar este processo com um estudo de caso, foi realizada uma pesquisa com os pioneiros na região do Programa de Assentamento Dirigido do Alto Paranaíba (PADAP) durante 2008 e 2009. Nossos resultados sugerem que a segunda geração procura emprego urbano e educação, com a migração rural-urbana se tornando uma componente chave da dinâmica de fronteira recente. O esvaziamento da fronteira, induzido pela emigração da segunda geração, parece funcionar como um incentivo, ao invés de uma restrição ao trabalho. Com uma combinação bem sucedida de provisão governamental de assistência técnica e crédito subsidiado pela C...
Journal of Sustainable Development 7(2), 173-193, 2014
In an age of climate change, researchers need to form a deepened understanding of the determinant... more In an age of climate change, researchers need to form a deepened understanding of the determinants of environmental concern, particularly in countries of emerging economies. This paper provides a region-specific investigation of the impact of socio-economic status (SES) and objective environmental conditions on environmental concern in urban Brazil. We make use of data collected from personal interviews of individuals living in the metropolitan areas of Baixada Santista and Campinas, in the larger São Paulo area. Results from multilevel regression models indicate that wealthier households are more environmentally concerned, as suggested by affluence and post-materialist hypotheses. However, we also observe that increasing environmental concern correlates with a decline in objective environmental conditions. Interactions between objective environmental conditions and SES reveal some intriguing relationships: Among poorer individuals, a decline in environmental conditions increases environmental concern as suggested by the objective problems hypothesis, while for the wealthy, a decline in environmental conditions is associated with lower levels of environmental concern.
ABSTRACT We build on the theoretical tradition of livelihood strategies and capital portfolios to... more ABSTRACT We build on the theoretical tradition of livelihood strategies and capital portfolios to empirically assess wellbeing among rural households, but with an eye to comparison across contexts. First, we estimate a multidimensional measure of poverty based on fuzzy ...
ABSTRACT The availability of increasingly complex and multidimensional datasets is one of the mai... more ABSTRACT The availability of increasingly complex and multidimensional datasets is one of the main causes for the increase in studies employing multivariate analyses based on fuzzy sets. Even though the Grade of Membership method has been widely used in Brazil for empirical studies in health and social sciences, issues regarding identifiability and stability of the final parameters estimated by GoM 3.4 software have not been thoroughly examined. Given the relevance of unique and stable parameters, Guedes et al. (2010) proposed an empirical method to locate a global maximum (GM) with stable parameters. However, the GM locator does not incorporate variability. In the present article, this limitation is circumvented by employing a weighted statistic - weight global maximum (WGM) - similar to the variation coefficient. This indicator does not affect disproportionately situations with very low mean deviations. The WGM locator is shown to decrease the distance of the identified model from the real structure, when compared with the GM locator.
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