Objetivo: analisar, por meio de um estudo microscópico, os materiais utilizados para confecção da... more Objetivo: analisar, por meio de um estudo microscópico, os materiais utilizados para confecção das máscaras de uso da população em geral para a proteção contra a COVID-19, em relação à superfície, o tamanho, a forma e a distribuição dos poros dos mesmos. Método: estudo analítico. Foram realizadas análises de amostras de tecidos e outros materiais utilizados para confecções de máscaras para proteção da comunidade em geral contra a COVID-19 em um Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Microanálise. Resultados: a análise do tecido de algodão 100% e da sarja evidenciou esses dois tipos de tecidos como efetiva barreira microbiana. Em contrapartida, o tricoline e os demais tecidos e materiais analisados, não se apresentam como barreiras eficazes na proteção a COVID-19. Conclusão: entre os tecidos analisados, o algodão 100%, fornece uma trama mais densa, com fios mais grossos e pouca porosidade, sendo uma barreira eficaz na proteção contra infecções.
Objetivo: analisar, por meio de um estudo microscópico, os materiais utilizados para confecção da... more Objetivo: analisar, por meio de um estudo microscópico, os materiais utilizados para confecção das máscaras de uso da população em geral para a proteção contra a COVID-19, em relação à superfície, o tamanho, a forma e a distribuição dos poros dos mesmos. Método: estudo analítico. Foram realizadas análises de amostras de tecidos e outros materiais utilizados para confecções de máscaras para proteção da comunidade em geral contra a COVID-19 em um Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Microanálise. Resultados: a análise do tecido de algodão 100% e da sarja evidenciou esses dois tipos de tecidos como efetiva barreira microbiana. Em contrapartida, o tricoline e os demais tecidos e materiais analisados, não se apresentam como barreiras eficazes na proteção a COVID-19. Conclusão: entre os tecidos analisados, o algodão 100%, fornece uma trama mais densa, com fios mais grossos e pouca porosidade, sendo uma barreira eficaz na proteção contra infecções.
Objetivo: analisar por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, a morfologia dos filtros das ... more Objetivo: analisar por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, a morfologia dos filtros das máscaras N95/PFF2 com e sem carvão ativado. Método: estudo analítico, realizado no Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Microanálise de uma universidade localizada no norte do Paraná. Para compor as amostras foram adquiridas máscaras de marcas conhecidas no mercado que estavam disponíveis no hospital universitário no momento do estudo: máscara PFF2 com carvão ativado, máscara PFF2/equivalente N95. No laboratório, as amostras foram preparadas e avaliadas no aparelho de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Resultados: todas as máscaras apresentaram quatro camadas de fibras sintéticas de polipropileno. A diferença apresentada, está no tamanho das fibras, as fibras da camada filtrante possuem de 1 a 5mm e as fibras das camadas estruturais medem de 15 a 20mm. Foi possível observar aberturas nas tramas da camada filtrante, com variações entre as máscaras. Conclusão: pode-se analisar a morf...
The book Manual of practices in toxicological analysis brings to the Brazilian editorial market a... more The book Manual of practices in toxicological analysis brings to the Brazilian editorial market an updated publication of practices in toxicological analysis that can be adopted in educational institutions and service providers. It is possible to find subjects such as preparation in biological and non-biological matrices, colorimetric, spectrophotometric, immunoturbidimetric, spectrometric and chromatographic techniques. The collaborators of the book are active in the area of Toxicology, with didactic and practical experience.
<jats:p>O livro Toxicologia: Tópicos Aplicados é dedicado a múltiplos segmentos além do uni... more <jats:p>O livro Toxicologia: Tópicos Aplicados é dedicado a múltiplos segmentos além do universo acadêmico, pois coloca o tema toxicologia em diferentes cenários práticos, no contexto dos profissionais que precisam do uso dessa ciência para executar suas atividades e principalmente para dar suporte e embasamento aos relatórios e laudos que envolvem medicamentos, drogas e produtos químicos presentes no dia a dia e seus riscos e perigos para a saúde humana e ambiental. Escrito por toxicologistas formados em diferentes áreas da toxicologia, desde professores acadêmicos, médicos, peritos, biológicos, biomédicos, farmacêuticos e químicos, o livro cobre aspectos básicos em seus primeiros capítulos, estendendo-se a questões importantes em áreas como reprodução, embriologia e teratogenese, desreguladores endócrinos, epigenética e imunologia. Além disso, os autores também abordam temas relevantes na área ambiental e de avaliação de risco, considerando também a toxicologia de alimentos e perspectivas no âmbito forense, em toxicologia analítica e no registro e regulação legislatória de produtos químicos e farmacêuticos de acordo com as agências de controle brasileiras. Com linguagem de fácil compreensão e aplicada, é de leitura indicada a qualquer profissional que precisa do uso de toxicologia em suas funções e também para estudantes de graduação que estão à procura de conceitos e exemplos de como a toxicologia é utilizada e considerada para a liberação de medicamentos e produtos químicos, em doping e drogas de abuso, em alimentos e também no ambiente.</jats:p>
Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, Jan 29, 2017
Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient for human health serving as a cofactor for many e... more Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient for human health serving as a cofactor for many enzymes; however, exposure to excessive quantities of Mn may lead to toxicity with symptoms analogous to Parkinson's disease (PD). Population-based biomonitoring is an effective tool for characterizing the body burden of environmental or occupational pollutants, including Mn. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to (1) estimate reference values (RV) for blood Mn in an adult population and (2) assess the variables that were associated with higher blood metal levels. A total of 947 adults, aged 40 years or older, were randomly selected in a city in Southern Brazil. Information on socioeconomic, dietary, lifestyle, and occupational background was collected by trained interviewers. Blood Mn levels (μg/L) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The RV for blood Mn concentrations were obtained from the upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals (...
Metal exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), which is considered an underly... more Metal exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), which is considered an underlying mechanism of metal-induced toxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a final product of lipid peroxidation, and it has been extensively used to evaluate metal-induced OS. Pro-oxidant effects produced by metals can be mitigated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme known to prevent cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Among other factors, the Q192R polymorphism and the exposure to heavy metals have been known to alter PON1 activity. Here, we evaluated the association of blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) levels with PON1 activity, and with MDA concentrations in a randomly selected sample of Brazilian adults aged 40 years or older, living in an urban area in Southern Brazil. A total of 889 subjects were evaluated for blood Pb and Cd levels, and 832 were tested for Hg. Geometric mean of blood Pb, Cd and Hg was 1.93μg/dL, 0.06μg/L and 1.40μg/L, respectively. PON1 act...
In addition to the primary components of alloys, approximately 5% of the formulation may contain ... more In addition to the primary components of alloys, approximately 5% of the formulation may contain other metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic, manganese (Mn), iron, phosphorus, and nickel. Workers in the foundries are exposed to several compounds; therefore, it is important to assess the levels of injury that may reflect an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect caused by these compounds. The mean values of the environmental evaluation of the facilities range from 16.65 to 40.31 µg m(-3) for Pb, 0.99 to 1.73 µg m(-3) for Cd, and 0.91 to 1.70 µg m(-3) for Mn. The mean values of the metal concentrations for furnace, mold, melting, and automatic melting activities range from 15.37 to 19.26 µg m(-3) for Pb, 7.07 to 9.14 µg m(-3) for Cd, and 8.83 to 16.00 µg m(-3) for Mn. Biological samples were divided into two groups: control (n = 38) and exposed (n = 45). The obtained data are3.41 ± 3.40 and 14.89 ± 7.82 µg dL(-1) for Pb, 0.90 ± 0.80 and 1.91 ± 1.90 µg g(-1) creatin...
times higher in comparison with the control group. Total quantity of asphalt (bitumen)-measured a... more times higher in comparison with the control group. Total quantity of asphalt (bitumen)-measured as benzene concentration was between 0,02-0,38 mg/m 3 which is below of the limit values. Based on the results we can conclude that the production of asphalt and are the significant sources of air pollution with PAHs. In this case, the work condition can be define as a not proper.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of recent use of illicit drugs among tru... more The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of recent use of illicit drugs among truck drivers who had parked their vehicles at the terminal port in Paranaguá City at Paraná State, southern Brazil. This cross-sectional study was part of a larger research project conducted among drivers at a regional Brazilian port. Data on professional characteristics, involvement in road traffic injuries, sleep, and use of alcohol and illicit drugs were collected using a questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for amphetamines, cocaine, and cannabis using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Sixty-two drivers were included in the study. Toxicological analyses showed that 8.1 percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-17.8%) of the urine samples were positive for drugs (4.8% for cocaine, 1.6% for amphetamine, and 1.6% for both); 8.1 percent reported drug use during the preceding 30 days in the questionnaire and only one tested positive for the drug in the urine sample. No sample was positive for cannabinoids. In total, at least 14.5 percent (95% CI, 6.9-25.8%) had used illicit drugs during the preceding 30 days based on self-reports and urine testing. Drivers who reported involvement in traffic injuries the year before more often tested positive for drugs in biological samples (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;.05). This research provides preliminary evidence that the use of illicit stimulants was common among professional truck drivers transporting grain loads. Thus, actions are needed to reduce drug use among truck drivers in order to prevent drug-related road traffic injuries.
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016
Lead is an environmental toxicant that can induce oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen speci... more Lead is an environmental toxicant that can induce oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been reported as an important mechanism underlying lead toxicity (Gurer and Ercal 2000; Pande and Flora 2002; Kasperczyk et al. 2004a; Farmand et al. 2005; Verstraeten et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2009; Martinez-Haro et al. 2011). OS occurs when the generation of ROS exceeds the antioxidant system&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s ability to defend cells against oxidized molecules. ROS is a term generally used to refer to free radicals derived from O2 (e.g., superoxide anions [O2 (-)] and hydroxyl radicals [OH(-)]) or to non-radical species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) (Halliwell and Cross 1994).
Objetivo: analisar, por meio de um estudo microscópico, os materiais utilizados para confecção da... more Objetivo: analisar, por meio de um estudo microscópico, os materiais utilizados para confecção das máscaras de uso da população em geral para a proteção contra a COVID-19, em relação à superfície, o tamanho, a forma e a distribuição dos poros dos mesmos. Método: estudo analítico. Foram realizadas análises de amostras de tecidos e outros materiais utilizados para confecções de máscaras para proteção da comunidade em geral contra a COVID-19 em um Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Microanálise. Resultados: a análise do tecido de algodão 100% e da sarja evidenciou esses dois tipos de tecidos como efetiva barreira microbiana. Em contrapartida, o tricoline e os demais tecidos e materiais analisados, não se apresentam como barreiras eficazes na proteção a COVID-19. Conclusão: entre os tecidos analisados, o algodão 100%, fornece uma trama mais densa, com fios mais grossos e pouca porosidade, sendo uma barreira eficaz na proteção contra infecções.
Objetivo: analisar, por meio de um estudo microscópico, os materiais utilizados para confecção da... more Objetivo: analisar, por meio de um estudo microscópico, os materiais utilizados para confecção das máscaras de uso da população em geral para a proteção contra a COVID-19, em relação à superfície, o tamanho, a forma e a distribuição dos poros dos mesmos. Método: estudo analítico. Foram realizadas análises de amostras de tecidos e outros materiais utilizados para confecções de máscaras para proteção da comunidade em geral contra a COVID-19 em um Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Microanálise. Resultados: a análise do tecido de algodão 100% e da sarja evidenciou esses dois tipos de tecidos como efetiva barreira microbiana. Em contrapartida, o tricoline e os demais tecidos e materiais analisados, não se apresentam como barreiras eficazes na proteção a COVID-19. Conclusão: entre os tecidos analisados, o algodão 100%, fornece uma trama mais densa, com fios mais grossos e pouca porosidade, sendo uma barreira eficaz na proteção contra infecções.
Objetivo: analisar por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, a morfologia dos filtros das ... more Objetivo: analisar por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, a morfologia dos filtros das máscaras N95/PFF2 com e sem carvão ativado. Método: estudo analítico, realizado no Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica e Microanálise de uma universidade localizada no norte do Paraná. Para compor as amostras foram adquiridas máscaras de marcas conhecidas no mercado que estavam disponíveis no hospital universitário no momento do estudo: máscara PFF2 com carvão ativado, máscara PFF2/equivalente N95. No laboratório, as amostras foram preparadas e avaliadas no aparelho de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Resultados: todas as máscaras apresentaram quatro camadas de fibras sintéticas de polipropileno. A diferença apresentada, está no tamanho das fibras, as fibras da camada filtrante possuem de 1 a 5mm e as fibras das camadas estruturais medem de 15 a 20mm. Foi possível observar aberturas nas tramas da camada filtrante, com variações entre as máscaras. Conclusão: pode-se analisar a morf...
The book Manual of practices in toxicological analysis brings to the Brazilian editorial market a... more The book Manual of practices in toxicological analysis brings to the Brazilian editorial market an updated publication of practices in toxicological analysis that can be adopted in educational institutions and service providers. It is possible to find subjects such as preparation in biological and non-biological matrices, colorimetric, spectrophotometric, immunoturbidimetric, spectrometric and chromatographic techniques. The collaborators of the book are active in the area of Toxicology, with didactic and practical experience.
<jats:p>O livro Toxicologia: Tópicos Aplicados é dedicado a múltiplos segmentos além do uni... more <jats:p>O livro Toxicologia: Tópicos Aplicados é dedicado a múltiplos segmentos além do universo acadêmico, pois coloca o tema toxicologia em diferentes cenários práticos, no contexto dos profissionais que precisam do uso dessa ciência para executar suas atividades e principalmente para dar suporte e embasamento aos relatórios e laudos que envolvem medicamentos, drogas e produtos químicos presentes no dia a dia e seus riscos e perigos para a saúde humana e ambiental. Escrito por toxicologistas formados em diferentes áreas da toxicologia, desde professores acadêmicos, médicos, peritos, biológicos, biomédicos, farmacêuticos e químicos, o livro cobre aspectos básicos em seus primeiros capítulos, estendendo-se a questões importantes em áreas como reprodução, embriologia e teratogenese, desreguladores endócrinos, epigenética e imunologia. Além disso, os autores também abordam temas relevantes na área ambiental e de avaliação de risco, considerando também a toxicologia de alimentos e perspectivas no âmbito forense, em toxicologia analítica e no registro e regulação legislatória de produtos químicos e farmacêuticos de acordo com as agências de controle brasileiras. Com linguagem de fácil compreensão e aplicada, é de leitura indicada a qualquer profissional que precisa do uso de toxicologia em suas funções e também para estudantes de graduação que estão à procura de conceitos e exemplos de como a toxicologia é utilizada e considerada para a liberação de medicamentos e produtos químicos, em doping e drogas de abuso, em alimentos e também no ambiente.</jats:p>
Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, Jan 29, 2017
Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient for human health serving as a cofactor for many e... more Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient for human health serving as a cofactor for many enzymes; however, exposure to excessive quantities of Mn may lead to toxicity with symptoms analogous to Parkinson's disease (PD). Population-based biomonitoring is an effective tool for characterizing the body burden of environmental or occupational pollutants, including Mn. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to (1) estimate reference values (RV) for blood Mn in an adult population and (2) assess the variables that were associated with higher blood metal levels. A total of 947 adults, aged 40 years or older, were randomly selected in a city in Southern Brazil. Information on socioeconomic, dietary, lifestyle, and occupational background was collected by trained interviewers. Blood Mn levels (μg/L) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The RV for blood Mn concentrations were obtained from the upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals (...
Metal exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), which is considered an underly... more Metal exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), which is considered an underlying mechanism of metal-induced toxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a final product of lipid peroxidation, and it has been extensively used to evaluate metal-induced OS. Pro-oxidant effects produced by metals can be mitigated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme known to prevent cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Among other factors, the Q192R polymorphism and the exposure to heavy metals have been known to alter PON1 activity. Here, we evaluated the association of blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) levels with PON1 activity, and with MDA concentrations in a randomly selected sample of Brazilian adults aged 40 years or older, living in an urban area in Southern Brazil. A total of 889 subjects were evaluated for blood Pb and Cd levels, and 832 were tested for Hg. Geometric mean of blood Pb, Cd and Hg was 1.93μg/dL, 0.06μg/L and 1.40μg/L, respectively. PON1 act...
In addition to the primary components of alloys, approximately 5% of the formulation may contain ... more In addition to the primary components of alloys, approximately 5% of the formulation may contain other metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic, manganese (Mn), iron, phosphorus, and nickel. Workers in the foundries are exposed to several compounds; therefore, it is important to assess the levels of injury that may reflect an additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effect caused by these compounds. The mean values of the environmental evaluation of the facilities range from 16.65 to 40.31 µg m(-3) for Pb, 0.99 to 1.73 µg m(-3) for Cd, and 0.91 to 1.70 µg m(-3) for Mn. The mean values of the metal concentrations for furnace, mold, melting, and automatic melting activities range from 15.37 to 19.26 µg m(-3) for Pb, 7.07 to 9.14 µg m(-3) for Cd, and 8.83 to 16.00 µg m(-3) for Mn. Biological samples were divided into two groups: control (n = 38) and exposed (n = 45). The obtained data are3.41 ± 3.40 and 14.89 ± 7.82 µg dL(-1) for Pb, 0.90 ± 0.80 and 1.91 ± 1.90 µg g(-1) creatin...
times higher in comparison with the control group. Total quantity of asphalt (bitumen)-measured a... more times higher in comparison with the control group. Total quantity of asphalt (bitumen)-measured as benzene concentration was between 0,02-0,38 mg/m 3 which is below of the limit values. Based on the results we can conclude that the production of asphalt and are the significant sources of air pollution with PAHs. In this case, the work condition can be define as a not proper.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of recent use of illicit drugs among tru... more The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of recent use of illicit drugs among truck drivers who had parked their vehicles at the terminal port in Paranaguá City at Paraná State, southern Brazil. This cross-sectional study was part of a larger research project conducted among drivers at a regional Brazilian port. Data on professional characteristics, involvement in road traffic injuries, sleep, and use of alcohol and illicit drugs were collected using a questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for amphetamines, cocaine, and cannabis using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Sixty-two drivers were included in the study. Toxicological analyses showed that 8.1 percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-17.8%) of the urine samples were positive for drugs (4.8% for cocaine, 1.6% for amphetamine, and 1.6% for both); 8.1 percent reported drug use during the preceding 30 days in the questionnaire and only one tested positive for the drug in the urine sample. No sample was positive for cannabinoids. In total, at least 14.5 percent (95% CI, 6.9-25.8%) had used illicit drugs during the preceding 30 days based on self-reports and urine testing. Drivers who reported involvement in traffic injuries the year before more often tested positive for drugs in biological samples (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;.05). This research provides preliminary evidence that the use of illicit stimulants was common among professional truck drivers transporting grain loads. Thus, actions are needed to reduce drug use among truck drivers in order to prevent drug-related road traffic injuries.
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2016
Lead is an environmental toxicant that can induce oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen speci... more Lead is an environmental toxicant that can induce oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been reported as an important mechanism underlying lead toxicity (Gurer and Ercal 2000; Pande and Flora 2002; Kasperczyk et al. 2004a; Farmand et al. 2005; Verstraeten et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2009; Martinez-Haro et al. 2011). OS occurs when the generation of ROS exceeds the antioxidant system&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s ability to defend cells against oxidized molecules. ROS is a term generally used to refer to free radicals derived from O2 (e.g., superoxide anions [O2 (-)] and hydroxyl radicals [OH(-)]) or to non-radical species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) (Halliwell and Cross 1994).
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