International Journal of Advance Social Sciences and Education (IJASSE), 2024
In the digital age, teaching English requires
targeted, effective methods that harness modern
too... more In the digital age, teaching English requires targeted, effective methods that harness modern tools to accelerate student learning. This study explores the application of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in modern classrooms. The findings reveal that integrating TBLT, CLIL, and PBL fosters essential 21st-century skills. TBLT engages students with real-life tasks, promoting autonomy, critical thinking, and mastery-based learning through technology-driven, personalized instruction. CLIL merges language learning with academic content, enhancing communication, cultural awareness, and interdisciplinary skills. PBL encourages creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving by allowing students to work at their own pace and apply knowledge to real-world challenges. The modern classrooms project exemplifies these principles, supporting personalized, self-directed learning and mastery-based assessment through blended instruction and digital tools. This approach aligns with contemporary education models, equipping students with the skills needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world. To maximize the effectiveness of these methods, teachers should integrate digital tools and collaborate across disciplines to create curricula that develop both language proficiency and critical 21st-century competencies like communication and cultural understanding.
International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, Jun 13, 2024
This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology ... more This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology into Cambodian higher education institutions. It seeks to identify the most effective ways to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning processes. This review identifies challenges and opportunities by systematically analysing data from 2007 to 2023, which includes research studies, academic publications, and empirical investigations. Identified challenges encompass technical issues, limited access to digital tools, cultural misalignments, inadequate digital competence, high costs, and insufficient infrastructure. On the other hand, educational technology has the potential to significantly enhance learning by increasing student engagement, providing expansive resources, promoting self-directed learning, and developing critical 21st-century skills. It also enables global communication, thus enriching educational experiences. The findings suggest that the optimal integration of technology into Cambodian higher education involves overcoming the outlined challenges and leveraging the identified opportunities. In implementing these strategies, it is crucial for school administrators to strictly enforce school and classroom policies to prevent students' ineffective use of digital tools, thereby ensuring that both educators and learners benefit from enhanced educational outcomes.
International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, Jun 13, 2024
This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology ... more This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology into Cambodian higher education institutions. It seeks to identify the most effective ways to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning processes. This review identifies challenges and opportunities by systematically analysing data from 2007 to 2023, which includes research studies, academic publications, and empirical investigations. Identified challenges encompass technical issues, limited access to digital tools, cultural misalignments, inadequate digital competence, high costs, and insufficient infrastructure. On the other hand, educational technology has the potential to significantly enhance learning by increasing student engagement, providing expansive resources, promoting self-directed learning, and developing critical 21st-century skills. It also enables global communication, thus enriching educational experiences. The findings suggest that the optimal integration of technology into Cambodian higher education involves overcoming the outlined challenges and leveraging the identified opportunities. In implementing these strategies, it is crucial for school administrators to strictly enforce school and classroom policies to prevent students' ineffective use of digital tools, thereby ensuring that both educators and learners benefit from enhanced educational outcomes.
International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, Jun 13, 2024
This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology ... more This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology into Cambodian higher education institutions. It seeks to identify the most effective ways to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning processes. This review identifies challenges and opportunities by systematically analysing data from 2007 to 2023, which includes research studies, academic publications, and empirical investigations. Identified challenges encompass technical issues, limited access to digital tools, cultural misalignments, inadequate digital competence, high costs, and insufficient infrastructure. On the other hand, educational technology has the potential to significantly enhance learning by increasing student engagement, providing expansive resources, promoting self-directed learning, and developing critical 21st-century skills. It also enables global communication, thus enriching educational experiences. The findings suggest that the optimal integration of technology into Cambodian higher education involves overcoming the outlined challenges and leveraging the identified opportunities. In implementing these strategies, it is crucial for school administrators to strictly enforce school and classroom policies to prevent students' ineffective use of digital tools, thereby ensuring that both educators and learners benefit from enhanced educational outcomes.
Kotera, Y., Adhikari, P., & Van Gordon, W. (2017). The relationship between work motivati... more Kotera, Y., Adhikari, P., & Van Gordon, W. (2017). The relationship between work motivation and worker profile in UK hospitality workers. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2, 231-243.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELLING (IJEPC), 2024
This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology ... more This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology into Cambodian higher education institutions. It seeks to identify the most effective ways to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning processes. This review identifies challenges and opportunities by systematically analysing data from 2007 to 2023, which includes research studies, academic publications, and empirical investigations. Identified challenges encompass technical issues, limited access to digital tools, cultural misalignments, inadequate digital competence, high costs, and insufficient infrastructure. On the other hand, educational technology has the potential to significantly enhance learning by increasing student engagement, providing expansive resources, promoting self-directed learning, and developing critical 21st-century skills. It also enables global communication, thus enriching educational experiences. The findings suggest that the optimal integration of technology into Cambodian higher education involves overcoming the outlined challenges and leveraging the identified opportunities. In implementing these strategies, it is crucial for school administrators to strictly enforce school and classroom policies to prevent students' ineffective use of digital tools, thereby ensuring that both educators and learners benefit from enhanced educational outcomes.
International Journal of Advance Social Sciences and Education (IJASSE), 2024
The present literature study delves into the development of language teaching methodologies, with... more The present literature study delves into the development of language teaching methodologies, with particular emphasis on three well-known techniques: Grammar Translation, Direct Method, and Audiolingual Method. The background underscores how pedagogical ideas have changed throughout time and stresses the historical context of language learning. The evaluation analyzes important academic publications, instructional resources, and empirical investigations using a thorough methodology to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Findings of the discussion show that educators can make informed decisions about selecting and adapting methodologies to optimize language instruction for diverse learner populations if they understand their historical development, theoretical underpinnings, practical implications, and limitations. This approach combines elements from each method while addressing their limitations, resulting in dynamic and effective language learning experiences that cater to diverse learner needs and goals. And the review concludes that Language teaching strategies vary, with each method having unique characteristics and methods. The Direct Method promotes natural language learning, the Audiolingual Method emphasizes habit building, and the Grammar Translation Method emphasizes formal language structures. To enhance effectiveness, teachers should combine technology, communicative teaching practices, and a learner-centered environment.
First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pr... more First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pre-university enrollment, and the experiences are typically highlighted as challenges that will be concentrated significantly in this systematic literature review. This systematic literature review critically synthesizes 20 published articles from 2014 to 2023 on the academic adjustment of first-year students in Cambodian higher education institutions. The qualitative study methods and exploratory design are used, and researchers compiled and evaluated relevant literature focusing on challenges faced by first-year students, factors influencing adjustment, strategies for academic adjustment, and outcomes of adjustment interventions. Data were gathered from reliable databases, and articles meeting predefined criteria were subjected to thematic analysis using Clark and Braunne's Thematic Analysis model. Findings highlight firstyear students' challenges, such as academic performance, social identity issues, financial constraints, and language barriers. Factors influencing adjustment include social, personal-emotional, and institutional aspects, underlining the significance of social support and coping strategies. Strategies for academic adjustment focus on effective time management, utilizing support services, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Intervention outcomes aim to enhance first-year students' retention rates, mental health, and academic success. Qualitative research emerged as the predominant approach, enabling researchers to understand nuanced experiences and perspectives.
First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pr... more First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pre-university enrollment, and the experiences are typically highlighted as challenges that will be concentrated significantly in this systematic literature review. This systematic literature review critically synthesizes 20 published articles from 2014 to 2023 on the academic adjustment of first-year students in Cambodian higher education institutions. The qualitative study methods and exploratory design are used, and researchers compiled and evaluated relevant literature focusing on challenges faced by first-year students, factors influencing adjustment, strategies for academic adjustment, and outcomes of adjustment interventions. Data were gathered from reliable databases, and articles meeting predefined criteria were subjected to thematic analysis using Clark and Braunne's Thematic Analysis model. Findings highlight firstyear students' challenges, such as academic performance, social identity issues, financial constraints, and language barriers. Factors influencing adjustment include social, personal-emotional, and institutional aspects, underlining the significance of social support and coping strategies. Strategies for academic adjustment focus on effective time management, utilizing support services, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Intervention outcomes aim to enhance first-year students' retention rates, mental health, and academic success. Qualitative research emerged as the predominant approach, enabling researchers to understand nuanced experiences and perspectives.
International Journal of Advance Social Sciences and Education (IJASSE), 2024
The present literature study delves into the
development of language teaching methodologies,
with... more The present literature study delves into the development of language teaching methodologies, with particular emphasis on three well-known techniques: Grammar Translation, Direct Method, and Audiolingual Method. The background underscores how pedagogical ideas have changed throughout time and stresses the historical context of language learning. The evaluation analyzes important academic publications, instructional resources, and empirical investigations using a thorough methodology to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Findings of the discussion show that educators can make informed decisions about selecting and adapting methodologies to optimize language instruction for diverse learner populations if they understand their historical development, theoretical underpinnings, practical implications, and limitations. This approach combines elements from each method while addressing their limitations, resulting in dynamic and effective language learning experiences that cater to diverse learner needs and goals. And the review concludes that Language teaching strategies vary, with each method having unique characteristics and methods. The Direct Method promotes natural language learning, the Audiolingual Method emphasizes habit building, and the Grammar Translation Method emphasizes formal language structures. To enhance effectiveness, teachers should combine technology, communicative teaching practices, and a learnercentered environment.
International Journal of Advance Social Sciences and Education (IJASSE), 2024
In the digital age, teaching English requires
targeted, effective methods that harness modern
too... more In the digital age, teaching English requires targeted, effective methods that harness modern tools to accelerate student learning. This study explores the application of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in modern classrooms. The findings reveal that integrating TBLT, CLIL, and PBL fosters essential 21st-century skills. TBLT engages students with real-life tasks, promoting autonomy, critical thinking, and mastery-based learning through technology-driven, personalized instruction. CLIL merges language learning with academic content, enhancing communication, cultural awareness, and interdisciplinary skills. PBL encourages creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving by allowing students to work at their own pace and apply knowledge to real-world challenges. The modern classrooms project exemplifies these principles, supporting personalized, self-directed learning and mastery-based assessment through blended instruction and digital tools. This approach aligns with contemporary education models, equipping students with the skills needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world. To maximize the effectiveness of these methods, teachers should integrate digital tools and collaborate across disciplines to create curricula that develop both language proficiency and critical 21st-century competencies like communication and cultural understanding.
International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, Jun 13, 2024
This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology ... more This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology into Cambodian higher education institutions. It seeks to identify the most effective ways to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning processes. This review identifies challenges and opportunities by systematically analysing data from 2007 to 2023, which includes research studies, academic publications, and empirical investigations. Identified challenges encompass technical issues, limited access to digital tools, cultural misalignments, inadequate digital competence, high costs, and insufficient infrastructure. On the other hand, educational technology has the potential to significantly enhance learning by increasing student engagement, providing expansive resources, promoting self-directed learning, and developing critical 21st-century skills. It also enables global communication, thus enriching educational experiences. The findings suggest that the optimal integration of technology into Cambodian higher education involves overcoming the outlined challenges and leveraging the identified opportunities. In implementing these strategies, it is crucial for school administrators to strictly enforce school and classroom policies to prevent students' ineffective use of digital tools, thereby ensuring that both educators and learners benefit from enhanced educational outcomes.
International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, Jun 13, 2024
This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology ... more This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology into Cambodian higher education institutions. It seeks to identify the most effective ways to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning processes. This review identifies challenges and opportunities by systematically analysing data from 2007 to 2023, which includes research studies, academic publications, and empirical investigations. Identified challenges encompass technical issues, limited access to digital tools, cultural misalignments, inadequate digital competence, high costs, and insufficient infrastructure. On the other hand, educational technology has the potential to significantly enhance learning by increasing student engagement, providing expansive resources, promoting self-directed learning, and developing critical 21st-century skills. It also enables global communication, thus enriching educational experiences. The findings suggest that the optimal integration of technology into Cambodian higher education involves overcoming the outlined challenges and leveraging the identified opportunities. In implementing these strategies, it is crucial for school administrators to strictly enforce school and classroom policies to prevent students' ineffective use of digital tools, thereby ensuring that both educators and learners benefit from enhanced educational outcomes.
International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, Jun 13, 2024
This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology ... more This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology into Cambodian higher education institutions. It seeks to identify the most effective ways to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning processes. This review identifies challenges and opportunities by systematically analysing data from 2007 to 2023, which includes research studies, academic publications, and empirical investigations. Identified challenges encompass technical issues, limited access to digital tools, cultural misalignments, inadequate digital competence, high costs, and insufficient infrastructure. On the other hand, educational technology has the potential to significantly enhance learning by increasing student engagement, providing expansive resources, promoting self-directed learning, and developing critical 21st-century skills. It also enables global communication, thus enriching educational experiences. The findings suggest that the optimal integration of technology into Cambodian higher education involves overcoming the outlined challenges and leveraging the identified opportunities. In implementing these strategies, it is crucial for school administrators to strictly enforce school and classroom policies to prevent students' ineffective use of digital tools, thereby ensuring that both educators and learners benefit from enhanced educational outcomes.
Kotera, Y., Adhikari, P., & Van Gordon, W. (2017). The relationship between work motivati... more Kotera, Y., Adhikari, P., & Van Gordon, W. (2017). The relationship between work motivation and worker profile in UK hospitality workers. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2, 231-243.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND COUNSELLING (IJEPC), 2024
This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology ... more This review investigates the challenges and opportunities for integrating educational technology into Cambodian higher education institutions. It seeks to identify the most effective ways to incorporate technology into the teaching and learning processes. This review identifies challenges and opportunities by systematically analysing data from 2007 to 2023, which includes research studies, academic publications, and empirical investigations. Identified challenges encompass technical issues, limited access to digital tools, cultural misalignments, inadequate digital competence, high costs, and insufficient infrastructure. On the other hand, educational technology has the potential to significantly enhance learning by increasing student engagement, providing expansive resources, promoting self-directed learning, and developing critical 21st-century skills. It also enables global communication, thus enriching educational experiences. The findings suggest that the optimal integration of technology into Cambodian higher education involves overcoming the outlined challenges and leveraging the identified opportunities. In implementing these strategies, it is crucial for school administrators to strictly enforce school and classroom policies to prevent students' ineffective use of digital tools, thereby ensuring that both educators and learners benefit from enhanced educational outcomes.
International Journal of Advance Social Sciences and Education (IJASSE), 2024
The present literature study delves into the development of language teaching methodologies, with... more The present literature study delves into the development of language teaching methodologies, with particular emphasis on three well-known techniques: Grammar Translation, Direct Method, and Audiolingual Method. The background underscores how pedagogical ideas have changed throughout time and stresses the historical context of language learning. The evaluation analyzes important academic publications, instructional resources, and empirical investigations using a thorough methodology to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Findings of the discussion show that educators can make informed decisions about selecting and adapting methodologies to optimize language instruction for diverse learner populations if they understand their historical development, theoretical underpinnings, practical implications, and limitations. This approach combines elements from each method while addressing their limitations, resulting in dynamic and effective language learning experiences that cater to diverse learner needs and goals. And the review concludes that Language teaching strategies vary, with each method having unique characteristics and methods. The Direct Method promotes natural language learning, the Audiolingual Method emphasizes habit building, and the Grammar Translation Method emphasizes formal language structures. To enhance effectiveness, teachers should combine technology, communicative teaching practices, and a learner-centered environment.
First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pr... more First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pre-university enrollment, and the experiences are typically highlighted as challenges that will be concentrated significantly in this systematic literature review. This systematic literature review critically synthesizes 20 published articles from 2014 to 2023 on the academic adjustment of first-year students in Cambodian higher education institutions. The qualitative study methods and exploratory design are used, and researchers compiled and evaluated relevant literature focusing on challenges faced by first-year students, factors influencing adjustment, strategies for academic adjustment, and outcomes of adjustment interventions. Data were gathered from reliable databases, and articles meeting predefined criteria were subjected to thematic analysis using Clark and Braunne's Thematic Analysis model. Findings highlight firstyear students' challenges, such as academic performance, social identity issues, financial constraints, and language barriers. Factors influencing adjustment include social, personal-emotional, and institutional aspects, underlining the significance of social support and coping strategies. Strategies for academic adjustment focus on effective time management, utilizing support services, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Intervention outcomes aim to enhance first-year students' retention rates, mental health, and academic success. Qualitative research emerged as the predominant approach, enabling researchers to understand nuanced experiences and perspectives.
First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pr... more First-year students face experiences in the primary adjustment stages with their transition to pre-university enrollment, and the experiences are typically highlighted as challenges that will be concentrated significantly in this systematic literature review. This systematic literature review critically synthesizes 20 published articles from 2014 to 2023 on the academic adjustment of first-year students in Cambodian higher education institutions. The qualitative study methods and exploratory design are used, and researchers compiled and evaluated relevant literature focusing on challenges faced by first-year students, factors influencing adjustment, strategies for academic adjustment, and outcomes of adjustment interventions. Data were gathered from reliable databases, and articles meeting predefined criteria were subjected to thematic analysis using Clark and Braunne's Thematic Analysis model. Findings highlight firstyear students' challenges, such as academic performance, social identity issues, financial constraints, and language barriers. Factors influencing adjustment include social, personal-emotional, and institutional aspects, underlining the significance of social support and coping strategies. Strategies for academic adjustment focus on effective time management, utilizing support services, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Intervention outcomes aim to enhance first-year students' retention rates, mental health, and academic success. Qualitative research emerged as the predominant approach, enabling researchers to understand nuanced experiences and perspectives.
International Journal of Advance Social Sciences and Education (IJASSE), 2024
The present literature study delves into the
development of language teaching methodologies,
with... more The present literature study delves into the development of language teaching methodologies, with particular emphasis on three well-known techniques: Grammar Translation, Direct Method, and Audiolingual Method. The background underscores how pedagogical ideas have changed throughout time and stresses the historical context of language learning. The evaluation analyzes important academic publications, instructional resources, and empirical investigations using a thorough methodology to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Findings of the discussion show that educators can make informed decisions about selecting and adapting methodologies to optimize language instruction for diverse learner populations if they understand their historical development, theoretical underpinnings, practical implications, and limitations. This approach combines elements from each method while addressing their limitations, resulting in dynamic and effective language learning experiences that cater to diverse learner needs and goals. And the review concludes that Language teaching strategies vary, with each method having unique characteristics and methods. The Direct Method promotes natural language learning, the Audiolingual Method emphasizes habit building, and the Grammar Translation Method emphasizes formal language structures. To enhance effectiveness, teachers should combine technology, communicative teaching practices, and a learnercentered environment.
Uploads
Papers by Keo Vireak
targeted, effective methods that harness modern
tools to accelerate student learning. This study
explores the application of Task-Based Language
Teaching (TBLT), Content and Language
Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Problem-Based
Learning (PBL) in modern classrooms. The
findings reveal that integrating TBLT, CLIL, and
PBL fosters essential 21st-century skills. TBLT
engages students with real-life tasks, promoting
autonomy, critical thinking, and mastery-based
learning through technology-driven,
personalized instruction. CLIL merges language
learning with academic content, enhancing
communication, cultural awareness, and
interdisciplinary skills. PBL encourages
creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving by
allowing students to work at their own pace and
apply knowledge to real-world challenges. The
modern classrooms project exemplifies these
principles, supporting personalized, self-directed
learning and mastery-based assessment through
blended instruction and digital tools. This
approach aligns with contemporary education
models, equipping students with the skills
needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world.
To maximize the effectiveness of these methods,
teachers should integrate digital tools and
collaborate across disciplines to create curricula
that develop both language proficiency and
critical 21st-century competencies like
communication and cultural understanding.
development of language teaching methodologies,
with particular emphasis on three well-known
techniques: Grammar Translation, Direct Method,
and Audiolingual Method. The background
underscores how pedagogical ideas have changed
throughout time and stresses the historical context
of language learning. The evaluation analyzes
important academic publications, instructional
resources, and empirical investigations using a
thorough methodology to evaluate the advantages
and disadvantages of each approach. Findings of
the discussion show that educators can make
informed decisions about selecting and adapting
methodologies to optimize language instruction for
diverse learner populations if they understand their
historical development, theoretical underpinnings,
practical implications, and limitations. This
approach combines elements from each method
while addressing their limitations, resulting in
dynamic and effective language learning
experiences that cater to diverse learner needs and
goals. And the review concludes that Language
teaching strategies vary, with each method having
unique characteristics and methods. The Direct
Method promotes natural language learning, the
Audiolingual Method emphasizes habit building,
and the Grammar Translation Method emphasizes
formal language structures. To enhance
effectiveness, teachers should combine technology,
communicative teaching practices, and a learnercentered environment.
targeted, effective methods that harness modern
tools to accelerate student learning. This study
explores the application of Task-Based Language
Teaching (TBLT), Content and Language
Integrated Learning (CLIL), and Problem-Based
Learning (PBL) in modern classrooms. The
findings reveal that integrating TBLT, CLIL, and
PBL fosters essential 21st-century skills. TBLT
engages students with real-life tasks, promoting
autonomy, critical thinking, and mastery-based
learning through technology-driven,
personalized instruction. CLIL merges language
learning with academic content, enhancing
communication, cultural awareness, and
interdisciplinary skills. PBL encourages
creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving by
allowing students to work at their own pace and
apply knowledge to real-world challenges. The
modern classrooms project exemplifies these
principles, supporting personalized, self-directed
learning and mastery-based assessment through
blended instruction and digital tools. This
approach aligns with contemporary education
models, equipping students with the skills
needed to succeed in a rapidly evolving world.
To maximize the effectiveness of these methods,
teachers should integrate digital tools and
collaborate across disciplines to create curricula
that develop both language proficiency and
critical 21st-century competencies like
communication and cultural understanding.
development of language teaching methodologies,
with particular emphasis on three well-known
techniques: Grammar Translation, Direct Method,
and Audiolingual Method. The background
underscores how pedagogical ideas have changed
throughout time and stresses the historical context
of language learning. The evaluation analyzes
important academic publications, instructional
resources, and empirical investigations using a
thorough methodology to evaluate the advantages
and disadvantages of each approach. Findings of
the discussion show that educators can make
informed decisions about selecting and adapting
methodologies to optimize language instruction for
diverse learner populations if they understand their
historical development, theoretical underpinnings,
practical implications, and limitations. This
approach combines elements from each method
while addressing their limitations, resulting in
dynamic and effective language learning
experiences that cater to diverse learner needs and
goals. And the review concludes that Language
teaching strategies vary, with each method having
unique characteristics and methods. The Direct
Method promotes natural language learning, the
Audiolingual Method emphasizes habit building,
and the Grammar Translation Method emphasizes
formal language structures. To enhance
effectiveness, teachers should combine technology,
communicative teaching practices, and a learnercentered environment.