This study was conducted for developing a high frequency regeneration system in short time span u... more This study was conducted for developing a high frequency regeneration system in short time span using GA3, as a pre-requisite for the genetic transformation in tomato cultivars. Effects of GA3 were investigated on regeneration efficiencies and days to maturity of three varieties of tomato Lycopersicon esculentum (using hypocotyls and leaf discs as explant source). 0.5 mg/l Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 0.5-2.5 mg/l of benzyl amino purine (BAP) were used alone or in combination with GA3 2mg/l on MS media. Regeneration was significantly higher with different treatments used in combination with GA3. It was increased from 57.33% to 70% in Avinash, followed by Pusa Ruby 51.66% to 67.22% and from 53.2% to 60% in case of Pant Bahr when hypocotyls were used as explant source. Same trend was followed in case of leaf disc derived regeneration, although it was less pronounced. Regeneration was increased from 68% to 73% in Avinash followed by Pusa Ruby 68.5% to 72.33 %. Inclusion of GA3 in the m...
The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM 2) is increasing every passing year due to some gl... more The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM 2) is increasing every passing year due to some global changes in lifestyles of people. The exact underlying mechanisms of the progression of this disease are not yet known. However recent advances in the combined omics more particularly in proteomics and genomics have opened a gateway towards the understanding of predetermined genetic factors, progression, complications and treatment of this disease. Here we shall review the recent advances in proteomics that have led to an early and better diagnostic approaches in controlling DM 2 more importantly the comparison of structural and functional protein biomarkers that are modified in the diseased state. By applying these advanced and promising proteomic strategies with bioinformatics applications and bio-statistical tools the prevalence of DM 2 and its associated disorders i-e nephropathy and retinopathy are expected to be controlled.
The aim of present work is to illustrate the screening and characterization of cellulytic bacteri... more The aim of present work is to illustrate the screening and characterization of cellulytic bacteria from soil and waste (molasses) of sugar industry. Soil and waste samples (molasses) from Colony sugar mills Phalia, Punjab, Pakistan were used for the screening of cellulytic bacteria by serial dilution and pore plate method. Bacteria were further Characterized by morphological and biochemical tests. Submerged fermentation process was used for enzyme production. Different production parameters: temperature, pH, incubation time and substrate concentration were optimized. Soluble proteins in the culture supernatant of isolated bacteria were measured by the dye binding method of Bradford. Enzyme activity was measured by dinitrosilsalic acid (DNS) method.Out of 26 isolates six were selected on the basis of clear zone produced 7mm ≥. These six potential isolates were further screened for cellulytic activity among which one SM3-M8 exhibited promising activity of cellulase. This bacterial isolate was then characterized by morphological and biochemical tests and identified as Bacillus sp. SM3-M8 gave maximum cellulase production and activity at temperature 45 o C, pH 7, CMC concentration 0.5% after 48 hours of incubation. Sugar industrial wastes provided a good source for isolation of cellulase producing bacteria. Isolation and screening and characterization of microbes for cellulase production provided a valuable and novel enzymes for the conversion of lingocellulosic waste into ethanol.
The present study was carried out to investigate the ligninolytic enzymes production potential of... more The present study was carried out to investigate the ligninolytic enzymes production potential of G. lucidum using different agro-industrial residues and their by-products. The enzyme profile of G. lucidum showed highest activities of manganese peroxidase (MnP) after 4th day of incubation on peanut shells followed by lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase after 6th and 7th day of incubation on orange peel and wheat straw, respectively. The enzyme with maximum activity (MnP) was optimized, therefore, through process optimization the production of MnP was substantially enhanced up to 2160 +/- 212 U/mL, when fermentation medium of peanut shells inoculated with 5 mL spore suspension of G. lucidum. Other optimum conditions were: pH, 5; moisture level, 70%; temperature, 40 degrees C; carbon source, glucose (1%); nitrogen supplement, yeast extract (0.2%), and modulator, MnSO4.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a key food and cash crop for many low income farmers in... more Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a key food and cash crop for many low income farmers in the tropics. It is the second most consumed vegetable after potato and unquestionably is the most popular garden crop. Biotic and abiotic stresses cause considerable losses both of quality and quantity. Modern breeding techniques can be substituted to enhance its productivity. A simple, time and cost saving, reproducible and efficient regeneration and transformation method is still a basic demand for large-scale transgenic tomato production. Bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum is one of the severe widespread and lethal diseases of tomato and is more prevalent in Northern areas of Pakistan. Transformation with Xa21 and molecular basis of resistance and susceptibility were also undertaken in present study. Five L. esculentum cultivars including Rio Grande, Roma, Pusa Ruby, Pant Bahr and Avinash that are commonly grown in Pakistan were selected with an objective of developing...
RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence specific gene silencing process that holds promise for trea... more RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence specific gene silencing process that holds promise for treatment of wide ranging diseases. Data obtained through high-throughput technologies has provided substantial evidence regarding potential of RNAi as an effective technique for knocking down the target genes expression levels, for a better and detailed understanding of intracellular signaling cascades. It is becoming sequentially more understandable that systematically silenced genes using large rationally designed libraries targeting many thousands of genes on a genome-wide scale has provided an innovative functional genomics approach for a deeper and finer knowledge of oncogenic transformation and cell behaviour. It is appropriate to highlight that Sirna Therapeutics (September 2004) and Acuity Pharmaceuticals (August 2004) have registered Investigational New Drug applications with the US FDA for initiation of clinical trials in patients with age-related macular degeneration using modifi...
This study was conducted for developing a high frequency regeneration system in short time span u... more This study was conducted for developing a high frequency regeneration system in short time span using GA3, as a pre-requisite for the genetic transformation in tomato cultivars. Effects of GA3 were investigated on regeneration efficiencies and days to maturity of three varieties of tomato Lycopersicon esculentum (using hypocotyls and leaf discs as explant source). 0.5 mg/l Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 0.5-2.5 mg/l of benzyl amino purine (BAP) were used alone or in combination with GA3 2mg/l on MS media. Regeneration was significantly higher with different treatments used in combination with GA3. It was increased from 57.33% to 70% in Avinash, followed by Pusa Ruby 51.66% to 67.22% and from 53.2% to 60% in case of Pant Bahr when hypocotyls were used as explant source. Same trend was followed in case of leaf disc derived regeneration, although it was less pronounced. Regeneration was increased from 68% to 73% in Avinash followed by Pusa Ruby 68.5% to 72.33 %. Inclusion of GA3 in the m...
The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM 2) is increasing every passing year due to some gl... more The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM 2) is increasing every passing year due to some global changes in lifestyles of people. The exact underlying mechanisms of the progression of this disease are not yet known. However recent advances in the combined omics more particularly in proteomics and genomics have opened a gateway towards the understanding of predetermined genetic factors, progression, complications and treatment of this disease. Here we shall review the recent advances in proteomics that have led to an early and better diagnostic approaches in controlling DM 2 more importantly the comparison of structural and functional protein biomarkers that are modified in the diseased state. By applying these advanced and promising proteomic strategies with bioinformatics applications and bio-statistical tools the prevalence of DM 2 and its associated disorders i-e nephropathy and retinopathy are expected to be controlled.
The aim of present work is to illustrate the screening and characterization of cellulytic bacteri... more The aim of present work is to illustrate the screening and characterization of cellulytic bacteria from soil and waste (molasses) of sugar industry. Soil and waste samples (molasses) from Colony sugar mills Phalia, Punjab, Pakistan were used for the screening of cellulytic bacteria by serial dilution and pore plate method. Bacteria were further Characterized by morphological and biochemical tests. Submerged fermentation process was used for enzyme production. Different production parameters: temperature, pH, incubation time and substrate concentration were optimized. Soluble proteins in the culture supernatant of isolated bacteria were measured by the dye binding method of Bradford. Enzyme activity was measured by dinitrosilsalic acid (DNS) method.Out of 26 isolates six were selected on the basis of clear zone produced 7mm ≥. These six potential isolates were further screened for cellulytic activity among which one SM3-M8 exhibited promising activity of cellulase. This bacterial isolate was then characterized by morphological and biochemical tests and identified as Bacillus sp. SM3-M8 gave maximum cellulase production and activity at temperature 45 o C, pH 7, CMC concentration 0.5% after 48 hours of incubation. Sugar industrial wastes provided a good source for isolation of cellulase producing bacteria. Isolation and screening and characterization of microbes for cellulase production provided a valuable and novel enzymes for the conversion of lingocellulosic waste into ethanol.
The present study was carried out to investigate the ligninolytic enzymes production potential of... more The present study was carried out to investigate the ligninolytic enzymes production potential of G. lucidum using different agro-industrial residues and their by-products. The enzyme profile of G. lucidum showed highest activities of manganese peroxidase (MnP) after 4th day of incubation on peanut shells followed by lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase after 6th and 7th day of incubation on orange peel and wheat straw, respectively. The enzyme with maximum activity (MnP) was optimized, therefore, through process optimization the production of MnP was substantially enhanced up to 2160 +/- 212 U/mL, when fermentation medium of peanut shells inoculated with 5 mL spore suspension of G. lucidum. Other optimum conditions were: pH, 5; moisture level, 70%; temperature, 40 degrees C; carbon source, glucose (1%); nitrogen supplement, yeast extract (0.2%), and modulator, MnSO4.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a key food and cash crop for many low income farmers in... more Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a key food and cash crop for many low income farmers in the tropics. It is the second most consumed vegetable after potato and unquestionably is the most popular garden crop. Biotic and abiotic stresses cause considerable losses both of quality and quantity. Modern breeding techniques can be substituted to enhance its productivity. A simple, time and cost saving, reproducible and efficient regeneration and transformation method is still a basic demand for large-scale transgenic tomato production. Bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum is one of the severe widespread and lethal diseases of tomato and is more prevalent in Northern areas of Pakistan. Transformation with Xa21 and molecular basis of resistance and susceptibility were also undertaken in present study. Five L. esculentum cultivars including Rio Grande, Roma, Pusa Ruby, Pant Bahr and Avinash that are commonly grown in Pakistan were selected with an objective of developing...
RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence specific gene silencing process that holds promise for trea... more RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence specific gene silencing process that holds promise for treatment of wide ranging diseases. Data obtained through high-throughput technologies has provided substantial evidence regarding potential of RNAi as an effective technique for knocking down the target genes expression levels, for a better and detailed understanding of intracellular signaling cascades. It is becoming sequentially more understandable that systematically silenced genes using large rationally designed libraries targeting many thousands of genes on a genome-wide scale has provided an innovative functional genomics approach for a deeper and finer knowledge of oncogenic transformation and cell behaviour. It is appropriate to highlight that Sirna Therapeutics (September 2004) and Acuity Pharmaceuticals (August 2004) have registered Investigational New Drug applications with the US FDA for initiation of clinical trials in patients with age-related macular degeneration using modifi...
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