ergoscience 12/2014; 9(4):144-154. DOI: 10.2443/skv-s-2014-54020140402
Introduction: Despite its ... more ergoscience 12/2014; 9(4):144-154. DOI: 10.2443/skv-s-2014-54020140402 Introduction: Despite its long research tradition, the effectiveness of Ayres Sensory Integration intervention (OT-ASI®) stays controversial. This review used an innovative process to evaluate the evidence from studies published between 2007 and 2013.
Method: The interventions of all studies that resulted from a systematic literature research were analyzed with the Fidelity Measure for Ayres Sensory Integration (ASIFM). Only studies that studied an intervention true to the principles of ASI® were included in the review. The quality of the studies was rated on the PEDro scale and described according to criteria of the GRADE system. Evidence profiles were created for 2 types of health problems (disorders) and 4 relevant outcomes.
Results: 14 of the 27 studies claiming to study SI were excluded because analysis with the ASIFM showed that the interventions did not adhere to ASI® principles. The remaining 13 studies (4 RCTs, 2 non-randomized controlled trials, 3 one-group studies, and 5 case studies) studied 337 children aged 3-12 years with sensory integration problems with and without autism. 85% of the studies found positive effects of OT-ASI® on individualized occupational goals, motor performance, praxis, and ADLs, socio-emotional behavior, attention and atypical behaviors. In all RCTs the effects of OT-ASI® were larger than the effects of control interventions.
Conclusion: Current evidence for the effectiveness of OT-ASI® is promising. The newer intervention studies are methodologically sound. However, larger sample sizes and increased numbers of studies are necessary to strengthen the evidence. Reviews of studies that have not validated the intervention under study with the ASIFM should be interpreted with caution.
An emerging line of research that attempts to reveal underlying mechanisms of Autism Spectrum Dis... more An emerging line of research that attempts to reveal underlying mechanisms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) studies differences in sensory processing in individuals with ASD. In this paper, we introduce new methods to measure proprioceptive functions of children with ASD. The instruments use a low-cost Arduino board and shield to acquire data from force and touch sensors. Data are transferred to mobile devices and analyzed with cross-platform application development tools. The instruments were pilot tested with typically developing children to test for functionality and usability of the instruments. They will be used in a larger study with children with ASD.
This article explores the use of the postrotary nystagmus (PRN) test for children younger than cu... more This article explores the use of the postrotary nystagmus (PRN) test for children younger than current norms (children 4.0 yr-8.11 yr). In the first study, 37 children ages 4-9 yr were examined in the standard testing position and in an adult-held adapted position to determine whether holding a child affected the reflex. Because the position did not affect the reflex, in the second study, PRN in 44 children ages 2 mo-47 mo was compared with published normative mean raw scores for 44 children age 5 yr to determine whether norms for older children were applicable to younger children. No statistically significant differences were found between <4-yr-old and 5-yr-old children, suggesting that the PRN test can be used in infants and toddlers with valid comparison to current norms for 4-yr-olds on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (4.0 yr-8.11 yr). Future research exploring the predictive value of this measure is warranted.
Die Testbatterie Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT; Ayres 1989) besteht aus 17 Subtests,... more Die Testbatterie Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT; Ayres 1989) besteht aus 17 Subtests,, die die Reizverarbeitung und Praxie bei Kindern zwischen 4 und 9 Jahren überprüfen. Da der SIPT in den USA und Kanada normiert wurde, war es zur Absicherung der Anwendung des SIPT mit österreichischen Kindern notwendig zu überprüfen, ob die US Normen für die österreichische Population passen. M e t h o d e: In einer als Pilotprojekt angelegten Studie, die 1997/98 österreichweit durchgeführt wurde, wurde der SIPT mit deutschsprachigen Testanweisungen an 111 normal entwickelten Kindern durchgeführt. Die Daten wurden in Kooperation mit Western Psychological Services (WPS) mit den US Normen verglichen. E r g e b n i s s e: Betrachtet man die Gesamtstichprobe über alle Altersgruppen, so fällt kein einziges Ergebnis aus dem Normbereich. Bei der Analyse der einzelnen Altersgruppen in jedem der 17 Untertests fallen 6 von 204 möglichen Fällen aus dem amerikanischen Normbereich (p<0,01). S c h l u s s f o l g e r u n g: Die Leistungen österreichischer Kinder unterscheiden sich gesamt gesehen nicht signifikant von jenen US-amerikanischer Kinder. Dies unterstützt die Anwendbarkeit des SIPT bei Kindern im deutschen Sprachraum.
ergoscience 12/2014; 9(4):144-154. DOI: 10.2443/skv-s-2014-54020140402
Introduction: Despite its ... more ergoscience 12/2014; 9(4):144-154. DOI: 10.2443/skv-s-2014-54020140402 Introduction: Despite its long research tradition, the effectiveness of Ayres Sensory Integration intervention (OT-ASI®) stays controversial. This review used an innovative process to evaluate the evidence from studies published between 2007 and 2013.
Method: The interventions of all studies that resulted from a systematic literature research were analyzed with the Fidelity Measure for Ayres Sensory Integration (ASIFM). Only studies that studied an intervention true to the principles of ASI® were included in the review. The quality of the studies was rated on the PEDro scale and described according to criteria of the GRADE system. Evidence profiles were created for 2 types of health problems (disorders) and 4 relevant outcomes.
Results: 14 of the 27 studies claiming to study SI were excluded because analysis with the ASIFM showed that the interventions did not adhere to ASI® principles. The remaining 13 studies (4 RCTs, 2 non-randomized controlled trials, 3 one-group studies, and 5 case studies) studied 337 children aged 3-12 years with sensory integration problems with and without autism. 85% of the studies found positive effects of OT-ASI® on individualized occupational goals, motor performance, praxis, and ADLs, socio-emotional behavior, attention and atypical behaviors. In all RCTs the effects of OT-ASI® were larger than the effects of control interventions.
Conclusion: Current evidence for the effectiveness of OT-ASI® is promising. The newer intervention studies are methodologically sound. However, larger sample sizes and increased numbers of studies are necessary to strengthen the evidence. Reviews of studies that have not validated the intervention under study with the ASIFM should be interpreted with caution.
An emerging line of research that attempts to reveal underlying mechanisms of Autism Spectrum Dis... more An emerging line of research that attempts to reveal underlying mechanisms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) studies differences in sensory processing in individuals with ASD. In this paper, we introduce new methods to measure proprioceptive functions of children with ASD. The instruments use a low-cost Arduino board and shield to acquire data from force and touch sensors. Data are transferred to mobile devices and analyzed with cross-platform application development tools. The instruments were pilot tested with typically developing children to test for functionality and usability of the instruments. They will be used in a larger study with children with ASD.
This article explores the use of the postrotary nystagmus (PRN) test for children younger than cu... more This article explores the use of the postrotary nystagmus (PRN) test for children younger than current norms (children 4.0 yr-8.11 yr). In the first study, 37 children ages 4-9 yr were examined in the standard testing position and in an adult-held adapted position to determine whether holding a child affected the reflex. Because the position did not affect the reflex, in the second study, PRN in 44 children ages 2 mo-47 mo was compared with published normative mean raw scores for 44 children age 5 yr to determine whether norms for older children were applicable to younger children. No statistically significant differences were found between <4-yr-old and 5-yr-old children, suggesting that the PRN test can be used in infants and toddlers with valid comparison to current norms for 4-yr-olds on the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (4.0 yr-8.11 yr). Future research exploring the predictive value of this measure is warranted.
Die Testbatterie Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT; Ayres 1989) besteht aus 17 Subtests,... more Die Testbatterie Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT; Ayres 1989) besteht aus 17 Subtests,, die die Reizverarbeitung und Praxie bei Kindern zwischen 4 und 9 Jahren überprüfen. Da der SIPT in den USA und Kanada normiert wurde, war es zur Absicherung der Anwendung des SIPT mit österreichischen Kindern notwendig zu überprüfen, ob die US Normen für die österreichische Population passen. M e t h o d e: In einer als Pilotprojekt angelegten Studie, die 1997/98 österreichweit durchgeführt wurde, wurde der SIPT mit deutschsprachigen Testanweisungen an 111 normal entwickelten Kindern durchgeführt. Die Daten wurden in Kooperation mit Western Psychological Services (WPS) mit den US Normen verglichen. E r g e b n i s s e: Betrachtet man die Gesamtstichprobe über alle Altersgruppen, so fällt kein einziges Ergebnis aus dem Normbereich. Bei der Analyse der einzelnen Altersgruppen in jedem der 17 Untertests fallen 6 von 204 möglichen Fällen aus dem amerikanischen Normbereich (p<0,01). S c h l u s s f o l g e r u n g: Die Leistungen österreichischer Kinder unterscheiden sich gesamt gesehen nicht signifikant von jenen US-amerikanischer Kinder. Dies unterstützt die Anwendbarkeit des SIPT bei Kindern im deutschen Sprachraum.
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Introduction: Despite its long research tradition, the effectiveness of Ayres Sensory Integration intervention (OT-ASI®) stays controversial. This review used an innovative process to evaluate the evidence from studies published between 2007 and 2013.
Method: The interventions of all studies that resulted from a systematic literature research were analyzed with the Fidelity Measure for Ayres Sensory Integration (ASIFM). Only studies that studied an intervention true to the principles of ASI® were included in the review. The quality of the studies was rated on the PEDro scale and described according to criteria of the GRADE system. Evidence profiles were created for 2 types of health problems (disorders) and 4 relevant outcomes.
Results: 14 of the 27 studies claiming to study SI were excluded because analysis with the ASIFM showed that the interventions did not adhere to ASI® principles. The remaining 13 studies (4 RCTs, 2 non-randomized controlled trials, 3 one-group studies, and 5 case studies) studied 337 children aged 3-12 years with sensory integration problems with and without autism. 85% of the studies found positive effects of OT-ASI® on individualized occupational goals, motor performance, praxis, and ADLs, socio-emotional behavior, attention and atypical behaviors. In all RCTs the effects of OT-ASI® were larger than the effects of control interventions.
Conclusion: Current evidence for the effectiveness of OT-ASI® is promising. The newer intervention studies are methodologically sound. However, larger sample sizes and increased numbers of studies are necessary to strengthen the evidence. Reviews of studies that have not validated the intervention under study with the ASIFM should be interpreted with caution.
M e t h o d e: In einer als Pilotprojekt angelegten Studie, die 1997/98 österreichweit durchgeführt wurde, wurde der SIPT mit deutschsprachigen Testanweisungen an 111 normal entwickelten Kindern durchgeführt. Die Daten wurden in Kooperation mit Western Psychological Services (WPS) mit den US Normen verglichen.
E r g e b n i s s e: Betrachtet man die Gesamtstichprobe über alle Altersgruppen, so fällt kein einziges Ergebnis aus dem Normbereich. Bei der Analyse der einzelnen Altersgruppen in jedem der 17 Untertests fallen 6 von 204 möglichen
Fällen aus dem amerikanischen Normbereich (p<0,01).
S c h l u s s f o l g e r u n g: Die Leistungen österreichischer Kinder unterscheiden sich gesamt gesehen nicht signifikant von
jenen US-amerikanischer Kinder. Dies unterstützt die Anwendbarkeit des SIPT bei Kindern im deutschen Sprachraum.
Introduction: Despite its long research tradition, the effectiveness of Ayres Sensory Integration intervention (OT-ASI®) stays controversial. This review used an innovative process to evaluate the evidence from studies published between 2007 and 2013.
Method: The interventions of all studies that resulted from a systematic literature research were analyzed with the Fidelity Measure for Ayres Sensory Integration (ASIFM). Only studies that studied an intervention true to the principles of ASI® were included in the review. The quality of the studies was rated on the PEDro scale and described according to criteria of the GRADE system. Evidence profiles were created for 2 types of health problems (disorders) and 4 relevant outcomes.
Results: 14 of the 27 studies claiming to study SI were excluded because analysis with the ASIFM showed that the interventions did not adhere to ASI® principles. The remaining 13 studies (4 RCTs, 2 non-randomized controlled trials, 3 one-group studies, and 5 case studies) studied 337 children aged 3-12 years with sensory integration problems with and without autism. 85% of the studies found positive effects of OT-ASI® on individualized occupational goals, motor performance, praxis, and ADLs, socio-emotional behavior, attention and atypical behaviors. In all RCTs the effects of OT-ASI® were larger than the effects of control interventions.
Conclusion: Current evidence for the effectiveness of OT-ASI® is promising. The newer intervention studies are methodologically sound. However, larger sample sizes and increased numbers of studies are necessary to strengthen the evidence. Reviews of studies that have not validated the intervention under study with the ASIFM should be interpreted with caution.
M e t h o d e: In einer als Pilotprojekt angelegten Studie, die 1997/98 österreichweit durchgeführt wurde, wurde der SIPT mit deutschsprachigen Testanweisungen an 111 normal entwickelten Kindern durchgeführt. Die Daten wurden in Kooperation mit Western Psychological Services (WPS) mit den US Normen verglichen.
E r g e b n i s s e: Betrachtet man die Gesamtstichprobe über alle Altersgruppen, so fällt kein einziges Ergebnis aus dem Normbereich. Bei der Analyse der einzelnen Altersgruppen in jedem der 17 Untertests fallen 6 von 204 möglichen
Fällen aus dem amerikanischen Normbereich (p<0,01).
S c h l u s s f o l g e r u n g: Die Leistungen österreichischer Kinder unterscheiden sich gesamt gesehen nicht signifikant von
jenen US-amerikanischer Kinder. Dies unterstützt die Anwendbarkeit des SIPT bei Kindern im deutschen Sprachraum.