Objective: A crucial property of esthetic restorative materials is their long‑term color stabilit... more Objective: A crucial property of esthetic restorative materials is their long‑term color stability. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of esthetic restorative materials (one microfilled flowable composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanoybrid composite, one microfilled composite, and one nanoybrid ormocer‑based composite) after surface roughening with cola and exposure to different staining solutions (coffee and red wine). Materials and Methods: All materials were polymerized into silicone rubber rings (2 mm × 6 mm × 8 mm) to obtain 150 specimens identical in size. Seventy‑five specimens of Group A were first exposed to cola for 24 h, and then samples were immersed in coffee or red wine over a 28‑day test period. A colorimetric evaluation, according to the CIE L*a*b* system, was performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. Means were compared with Scheffe’s multiple comparison test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: Specimens of Group A showed higher variations when compared with Group B’s specimens (P < 0.05). After 28 days, the immersion protocols caused a clinically perceivable color change for all materials tested (P < 0.05). Ceram·X Universal and Admira Fusion showed the lowest ΔE variations (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Staining beverages caused significant discolorations for all the materials tested. The first exposure to cola enhanced the subsequent staining with coffee or red wine. Nanohybrid composites reported the lowest color variations.
Background: The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro the antimicrobial activity of di... more Background: The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro the antimicrobial activity of different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis, prior and subsequent to setting. Material and Methods: Agar diffusion test (ADT) was used for evaluating the antibacterial activity of non-set sealer while the direct contact test (DCT) was used for after setting. Results: ADT: Except for TotalFill BC Sealer all the others sealers tested showed antibacterial activity. BioRoot™RCS, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex Root Canal Sealer showed the lowest antibacterial activity, a significant increase in antibacterial effect for both Pulp Canal Sealer™ and AH plus sealers were found. Significantly higher were the mean diameters of the bacterial inhibition zone by both EasySeal or N2 sealers. DCT: AH plus and Sealapex Root Canal Sealer doesn't show any bactericidal effect after 6 min of contact. After 15 and 60 min of contact a significant increment for AH plus and for Sealapex Root Canal Sealer of the bactericidal effect was found. Significantly much higher was the antibacterial effect of Sealapex Root Canal Sealer compare to that observed for AH plus. BioRoot TM RCS, MTA Fillapex, Pulp Canal Sealer™ and N2 showed at least means of the number of colonies formed in milliliter after 6 min of contact. Except for N2, a significant increase in bactericidal effect after 15 and 60 min for the other compared sealers (BioRoot TM RCS, MTA Fillapex and Pulp Canal Sealer™). Conclusions: For every contact times considered, both TotalFill BC Sealer and EasySeal were bactericidal against E. faecalis and killed all bacteria.
Background: The incorporation of nano silver particles (AgNPs) to improve antibacterial propertie... more Background: The incorporation of nano silver particles (AgNPs) to improve antibacterial properties of dental materials has become increasingly common. The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effects of different fiber posts: glass fiber post, quartz fiber post, nano fiber post and silver fiber post. Material and Methods: The antibacterial activity against S. mutans, S. salivarius and S. sanguis was evaluated by using the agar disc diffusion test (ADT). Four wells of 3x2 mm (one for each material) were made with a punch by removing the agar and filled with the materials to be evaluated. The size of the inhibition zone was calculated. An extract was made eluting the posts in cell culture medium using the surface area-to-volume ratio of approximately 1.25cm²/ml between the surface of the samples and the volume of medium. Cell cultures were then exposed to 100 μL of the extracts medium. After 24 h, cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Results: Silver fiber post was the only material showing a fair antibacterial effect against all the three streptococcal strains. The level of cytotoxicity of all the fiber posts tested was higher than 90% and therefore they were considered not cytotoxic. Conclusions: The new silver fiber post reported a fair antibacterial activity. On the other hand all the fiber posts tested (including the post with incorporated AgNPs) proved to be biocompatible, suggesting that their application does not represent a threat to human health.
Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the over time color stability of... more Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the over time color stability of one resin infiltrant (Icon) upon exposure to staining solutions (coffee and wine) compared with one nano-hybrid sealant (Grandio Seal), one transparent fissure sealant with fluoride (Control Seal) and one nanofilled composite (Filtek Supreme XTE). Material and Methods: All materials were polymerized according to manufacturers' instructions into silicon rings (height 1 mm; internal diameter 6 mm; external diameter 8 mm) to obtain specimens identical in size. The specimens were immersed in staining solutions at room temperature over a 28-day test period. The control samples have not been subjected to the staining process. A colorimetric evaluation according to the CIE L*a*b* system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21, 28 days of the staining process. Shapiro Wilk test and Kruskal Wallis ANOVA were applied to assess significant differences among different materials. Means were compared with Scheffe's multiple-comparison test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: In the case of all materials, immersion in solutions resulted in clinically perceivable color changes after 1 week (∆E > 3.3). Lowest CIE L* variation was registered for Control Seal and Grandio Seal both after 1 week and after 1 month, while Icon showed significantly higher variation (P < 0.05). Color coordinate CIE a* varied significantly more for Icon samples (P > 0.05). Color coordinate CIE b* varied similarly for all materials tested (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Immersion in coffee or red wine resulted in clinically perceivable color changes for all materials tested. Icon showed the highest color variations both after 1 week and 1 month. Icon can fix the initial esthetic problem associated with white spot lesions, but the resin may become more discolored than other materials over time.
Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of different restor... more Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of different restorative materials (one microfilled composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanohybrid composite and one Ormocer-based composite) after exposure to different staining solutions (coffee, cocacola and red wine). Material and methods: All materials were polymerized into silicon rings (2mm 6mm 8mm) to obtain specimens identical in size. Thirty cylindrical specimens of each material were prepared. They were immersed in staining solutions over a 28-day test period. A colorimetric evaluation according to the CIE Lab system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21, 28 days of the staining process. The Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. The paired t-test was applied to test which CIE Lab parameters significantly changed after immersion in staining solutions. Results: All restorative materials showed clinically perceptible color differences after immersion in coffee. L and b values showed the highest variability. Coca cola and red wine did not influence the color stability for all restorative materials except for Filtek Supreme XTE. Conclusions: Coffee caused a significant color change in all types of tested composite resins. Filtek Supreme XTE demonstrated alone a staining susceptibility to red wine; no other significant differences among the materials were demonstrated. Long-term exposure to some food dyes (coffee in particular) can significantly affect the color stability of modern esthetic restorative materials regardless of materials’ different composition.
Background: The long-term capability of resin sealants and glass ionomer cements to release fluor... more Background: The long-term capability of resin sealants and glass ionomer cements to release fluoride is associated to a reduction in pit and fissure caries. The regular use of fluoride varnishes/toothpastes can result in the absorption of fluoride into the sealant. The objective of the present study was to assess the fluoride release/uptake capacities of different fissure sealants. Material and Methods: Three different fissure sealants (Fuji Triage/GC, Fissurit FX/Voco and Grandio Seal/Voco) were examined. Ten discs of each material were prepared. Each disc was incubated with distilled water and then the solution analyzed for diluted for fluoride concentration, using a combination of fluoride electrode (OrionGP 1 S/N 13824,). Standard curves between 1 and 100 ppm F-were used to calibrate the electrode. Cumulative fluoride release was measured on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 21, 35 and 49, then two different fluoride varnishes/ pastes (Profluorid Varnish/Voco, MI Paste Plus/GC), were applied to the sealants tested, and fluoride release (after reuptake) was measured on days 56, 70 and 84. Results: Kruskal Wallis test confirmed significant differences in fluoride release between Fuji Triage/GC and Fissu-rit FX/Voco and Grandio Seal/Voco from day 1 (P < 0.001). The application of fluoride varnish Profluorid Varnish enhanced the fluoride release for all sealants (P < 0.05). MI Paste Plus enhanced the fluoride release for all sealants except for Fuji Triage/GC (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The GIC-based sealant (Fuji Triage/GC) released significantly more fluoride than the resin sealants tested. The exposure to the fluoridated varnish (Profluorid Varnish) significantly recharged the sealants tested more than the CPP-ACPF toothpaste (MI Paste Plus).
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycine pretreatment on the s... more Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycine pretreatment on the shear bond strength between dentin and a CAD/CAM resin nano ceramic material (LavaTM Ultimate Restorative), bonded together with adhesive cements using three different luting protocols (total-etch; self-etch; self-adhesive). Material and Methods: Thirty cylinders were milled from resin nano ceramic blocks with CAD/CAM technology. The cylinders were subsequently cemented to the exposed dentin of 30 bovine permanent mandibular incisors. The specimens were assigned into six groups of five teeth each according to luting procedure and dentin pretreatment. In the first two groups (A1, A2) 10 cylinders were cemented using a total-etch protocol; in groups B1 and B2, 10 cylinders were cemented using a self-etch protocol; in groups C1 and C2, 10 cylinders were cemented using a self-adhesive protocol; in groups A1, B1 and C1 the dentinal surface was also treated with glycine powder. All cemented specimens were submitted to a shear bond strength test. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata 9.0 software. Results: ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences among the various groups (P <0.0001). Conclusions: Glycine did not change the different bond strength demonstrated by the various luting protocols tested. Conventional resin composite cements used together with a self-etch adhesive reported the highest values. However the use of glycine seems to increase the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements.
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different luting pro... more Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different luting protocols on shear bond strength of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin nanoceramic (RNC) material to dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 disks were milled from RNC blocks (Lava Ultimate/3M ESPE) with CAD/CAM technology. The disks were subsequently cemented to the exposed dentin of 30 recently extracted bovine permanent mandibular incisors. The specimens were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 teeth each. In Group 1, disks were cemented using a total‑etch protocol (Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant phosphoric acid + Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX ™ Ultimate conventional resin cement); in Group 2, disks were cemented using a self‑etch protocol (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX ™ Ultimate conventional resin cement); in Group 3, disks were cemented using a self‑adhesive protocol (RelyX ™ Unicem 2 Automix self‑adhesive resin cement). All cemented specimens were placed in a universal testing machine (Instron Universal Testing Machine 3343) and submitted to a shear bond strength test to check the strength of adhesion between the two substrates, dentin, and RNC disks. Specimens were stressed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and post‑hoc Tukey's test at a level of significance of 0.05. Results: Post‑hoc Tukey testing showed that the highest shear strength values (P < 0.001) were reported in Group 2. The lowest data (P < 0.001) were recorded in Group 3. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, conventional resin cements (coupled with etch and rinse or self‑etch adhesives) showed better shear strength values compared to self‑adhesive resin cements. Furthermore, conventional resin cements used together with a self‑etch adhesive reported the highest values of adhesion.
Background: Direct pulp capping involves the application of a dental material to seal communicati... more Background: Direct pulp capping involves the application of a dental material to seal communications between the exposed pulp and the oral cavity (mechanical and carious pulp exposures) in an attempt to act as a barrier, protect the dental pulp complex and preserve its vitality. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare, by the agar disc diffusion test, the antimicrobial activity of six different pulp-capping materials: Dycal (Dentsply), Calcicur (Voco), Calcimol LC (Voco), TheraCal LC (Bisco), MTA Angelus (Angelus), Biodentine (Septodont). Material and Methods: Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans strains were selected to evaluate the antimicrobial activity by the agar disc diffusion test of different pulp capping materials. Paper disks were impregnated whit each pulp capping materials and placed onto culture agar-plates pre-adsorbed with bacterial cells and further incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The growth inhibition zones around each pulp capping materials were recorded and compared for each bacterial strain. Results: For the investigation of the antibacterial properties the ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences among the various materials. Tukey test showed that MTA-based materials induced lower growth inhibition zones. Conclusions: MTA-based products show a discrete antibacterial activity varying from calcium hydroxide-based materials which present an higher antibacterial activity. Key words: Agar disc diffusion test, antimicrobial activity, calcium hydroxide, MTA, pulp capping materials.
Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 2015
Direct pulp capping covers the exposed surface of the pulp to maintain its vitality and preserve ... more Direct pulp capping covers the exposed surface of the pulp to maintain its vitality and preserve its functional and biologic activity. The aim of the present study was to compare the biocompatibility effects of seven different pulp-capping materials in vitro: Dycal®, Calcicur®, Calcimol LC®, TheraCal LC®, ProRoot MTA®, MTA-Angelus®, and Biodentine®. Using the Transwell insert methodology by Alamar blue test, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of the above mentioned materials towards murine odontoblasts cells (MDPC-23) at three different times (24, 48, and 72 h). For additional control, the cell viability at 72 hours was also assessed by MTT assay. Morphological analysis of murine odontoblasts was assessed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. The results indicate significantly different biocompatibility among materials with different composition. Biodentine® and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based products showed lower cytotoxicity, varying from calcium hydroxide-based materials, which exhibited higher cytotoxicity. Although our findings are limited to in vitro conditions, the observation that Biodentine® caused a cytotoxic effect similar to MTA suggests that it may be considered an alternative in pulp-capping treatment, as calcium hydroxide-based materials present higher cytotoxic effects.
The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of two products: a CPP-ACP paste (GC Too... more The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of two products: a CPP-ACP paste (GC Tooth Mousse, GC Corp.) and a desensitizing toothpaste (Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, Colgate-Palmolive) on preventing enamel erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola) by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Thirty enamel specimens were assigned to 6 groups of 5 specimens each. 1: intact enamel, 2: enamel + soft drink, 3: intact enamel + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, 4: enamel + soft drink + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, 5: intact enamel + GC Tooth Mousse, 6: enamel + soft drink + GC Tooth Mousse. The surface of each specimen was imaged by AFM. The root mean-square roughness (Rrms) was obtained from the AFM images and the differences in the averaged values among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA test. Comparing groups 4 and 6 (soft drink + toothpastes) with group 2 (eroded enamel) a statistical difference (P<0.05) was registered, suggesting effectiveness in protecting enamel against e...
Objective: A crucial property of esthetic restorative materials is their long‑term color stabilit... more Objective: A crucial property of esthetic restorative materials is their long‑term color stability. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of esthetic restorative materials (one microfilled flowable composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanoybrid composite, one microfilled composite, and one nanoybrid ormocer‑based composite) after surface roughening with cola and exposure to different staining solutions (coffee and red wine). Materials and Methods: All materials were polymerized into silicone rubber rings (2 mm × 6 mm × 8 mm) to obtain 150 specimens identical in size. Seventy‑five specimens of Group A were first exposed to cola for 24 h, and then samples were immersed in coffee or red wine over a 28‑day test period. A colorimetric evaluation, according to the CIE L*a*b* system, was performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. Means were compared with Scheffe’s multiple comparison test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: Specimens of Group A showed higher variations when compared with Group B’s specimens (P < 0.05). After 28 days, the immersion protocols caused a clinically perceivable color change for all materials tested (P < 0.05). Ceram·X Universal and Admira Fusion showed the lowest ΔE variations (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Staining beverages caused significant discolorations for all the materials tested. The first exposure to cola enhanced the subsequent staining with coffee or red wine. Nanohybrid composites reported the lowest color variations.
Background: The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro the antimicrobial activity of di... more Background: The aim of the present study was to compare in vitro the antimicrobial activity of different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis, prior and subsequent to setting. Material and Methods: Agar diffusion test (ADT) was used for evaluating the antibacterial activity of non-set sealer while the direct contact test (DCT) was used for after setting. Results: ADT: Except for TotalFill BC Sealer all the others sealers tested showed antibacterial activity. BioRoot™RCS, MTA Fillapex and Sealapex Root Canal Sealer showed the lowest antibacterial activity, a significant increase in antibacterial effect for both Pulp Canal Sealer™ and AH plus sealers were found. Significantly higher were the mean diameters of the bacterial inhibition zone by both EasySeal or N2 sealers. DCT: AH plus and Sealapex Root Canal Sealer doesn't show any bactericidal effect after 6 min of contact. After 15 and 60 min of contact a significant increment for AH plus and for Sealapex Root Canal Sealer of the bactericidal effect was found. Significantly much higher was the antibacterial effect of Sealapex Root Canal Sealer compare to that observed for AH plus. BioRoot TM RCS, MTA Fillapex, Pulp Canal Sealer™ and N2 showed at least means of the number of colonies formed in milliliter after 6 min of contact. Except for N2, a significant increase in bactericidal effect after 15 and 60 min for the other compared sealers (BioRoot TM RCS, MTA Fillapex and Pulp Canal Sealer™). Conclusions: For every contact times considered, both TotalFill BC Sealer and EasySeal were bactericidal against E. faecalis and killed all bacteria.
Background: The incorporation of nano silver particles (AgNPs) to improve antibacterial propertie... more Background: The incorporation of nano silver particles (AgNPs) to improve antibacterial properties of dental materials has become increasingly common. The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity effects of different fiber posts: glass fiber post, quartz fiber post, nano fiber post and silver fiber post. Material and Methods: The antibacterial activity against S. mutans, S. salivarius and S. sanguis was evaluated by using the agar disc diffusion test (ADT). Four wells of 3x2 mm (one for each material) were made with a punch by removing the agar and filled with the materials to be evaluated. The size of the inhibition zone was calculated. An extract was made eluting the posts in cell culture medium using the surface area-to-volume ratio of approximately 1.25cm²/ml between the surface of the samples and the volume of medium. Cell cultures were then exposed to 100 μL of the extracts medium. After 24 h, cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Results: Silver fiber post was the only material showing a fair antibacterial effect against all the three streptococcal strains. The level of cytotoxicity of all the fiber posts tested was higher than 90% and therefore they were considered not cytotoxic. Conclusions: The new silver fiber post reported a fair antibacterial activity. On the other hand all the fiber posts tested (including the post with incorporated AgNPs) proved to be biocompatible, suggesting that their application does not represent a threat to human health.
Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the over time color stability of... more Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the over time color stability of one resin infiltrant (Icon) upon exposure to staining solutions (coffee and wine) compared with one nano-hybrid sealant (Grandio Seal), one transparent fissure sealant with fluoride (Control Seal) and one nanofilled composite (Filtek Supreme XTE). Material and Methods: All materials were polymerized according to manufacturers' instructions into silicon rings (height 1 mm; internal diameter 6 mm; external diameter 8 mm) to obtain specimens identical in size. The specimens were immersed in staining solutions at room temperature over a 28-day test period. The control samples have not been subjected to the staining process. A colorimetric evaluation according to the CIE L*a*b* system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21, 28 days of the staining process. Shapiro Wilk test and Kruskal Wallis ANOVA were applied to assess significant differences among different materials. Means were compared with Scheffe's multiple-comparison test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: In the case of all materials, immersion in solutions resulted in clinically perceivable color changes after 1 week (∆E > 3.3). Lowest CIE L* variation was registered for Control Seal and Grandio Seal both after 1 week and after 1 month, while Icon showed significantly higher variation (P < 0.05). Color coordinate CIE a* varied significantly more for Icon samples (P > 0.05). Color coordinate CIE b* varied similarly for all materials tested (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Immersion in coffee or red wine resulted in clinically perceivable color changes for all materials tested. Icon showed the highest color variations both after 1 week and 1 month. Icon can fix the initial esthetic problem associated with white spot lesions, but the resin may become more discolored than other materials over time.
Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of different restor... more Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of different restorative materials (one microfilled composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanohybrid composite and one Ormocer-based composite) after exposure to different staining solutions (coffee, cocacola and red wine). Material and methods: All materials were polymerized into silicon rings (2mm 6mm 8mm) to obtain specimens identical in size. Thirty cylindrical specimens of each material were prepared. They were immersed in staining solutions over a 28-day test period. A colorimetric evaluation according to the CIE Lab system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21, 28 days of the staining process. The Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. The paired t-test was applied to test which CIE Lab parameters significantly changed after immersion in staining solutions. Results: All restorative materials showed clinically perceptible color differences after immersion in coffee. L and b values showed the highest variability. Coca cola and red wine did not influence the color stability for all restorative materials except for Filtek Supreme XTE. Conclusions: Coffee caused a significant color change in all types of tested composite resins. Filtek Supreme XTE demonstrated alone a staining susceptibility to red wine; no other significant differences among the materials were demonstrated. Long-term exposure to some food dyes (coffee in particular) can significantly affect the color stability of modern esthetic restorative materials regardless of materials’ different composition.
Background: The long-term capability of resin sealants and glass ionomer cements to release fluor... more Background: The long-term capability of resin sealants and glass ionomer cements to release fluoride is associated to a reduction in pit and fissure caries. The regular use of fluoride varnishes/toothpastes can result in the absorption of fluoride into the sealant. The objective of the present study was to assess the fluoride release/uptake capacities of different fissure sealants. Material and Methods: Three different fissure sealants (Fuji Triage/GC, Fissurit FX/Voco and Grandio Seal/Voco) were examined. Ten discs of each material were prepared. Each disc was incubated with distilled water and then the solution analyzed for diluted for fluoride concentration, using a combination of fluoride electrode (OrionGP 1 S/N 13824,). Standard curves between 1 and 100 ppm F-were used to calibrate the electrode. Cumulative fluoride release was measured on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 21, 35 and 49, then two different fluoride varnishes/ pastes (Profluorid Varnish/Voco, MI Paste Plus/GC), were applied to the sealants tested, and fluoride release (after reuptake) was measured on days 56, 70 and 84. Results: Kruskal Wallis test confirmed significant differences in fluoride release between Fuji Triage/GC and Fissu-rit FX/Voco and Grandio Seal/Voco from day 1 (P < 0.001). The application of fluoride varnish Profluorid Varnish enhanced the fluoride release for all sealants (P < 0.05). MI Paste Plus enhanced the fluoride release for all sealants except for Fuji Triage/GC (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The GIC-based sealant (Fuji Triage/GC) released significantly more fluoride than the resin sealants tested. The exposure to the fluoridated varnish (Profluorid Varnish) significantly recharged the sealants tested more than the CPP-ACPF toothpaste (MI Paste Plus).
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycine pretreatment on the s... more Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycine pretreatment on the shear bond strength between dentin and a CAD/CAM resin nano ceramic material (LavaTM Ultimate Restorative), bonded together with adhesive cements using three different luting protocols (total-etch; self-etch; self-adhesive). Material and Methods: Thirty cylinders were milled from resin nano ceramic blocks with CAD/CAM technology. The cylinders were subsequently cemented to the exposed dentin of 30 bovine permanent mandibular incisors. The specimens were assigned into six groups of five teeth each according to luting procedure and dentin pretreatment. In the first two groups (A1, A2) 10 cylinders were cemented using a total-etch protocol; in groups B1 and B2, 10 cylinders were cemented using a self-etch protocol; in groups C1 and C2, 10 cylinders were cemented using a self-adhesive protocol; in groups A1, B1 and C1 the dentinal surface was also treated with glycine powder. All cemented specimens were submitted to a shear bond strength test. Statistical analysis was performed with Stata 9.0 software. Results: ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences among the various groups (P <0.0001). Conclusions: Glycine did not change the different bond strength demonstrated by the various luting protocols tested. Conventional resin composite cements used together with a self-etch adhesive reported the highest values. However the use of glycine seems to increase the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements.
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different luting pro... more Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different luting protocols on shear bond strength of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin nanoceramic (RNC) material to dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 disks were milled from RNC blocks (Lava Ultimate/3M ESPE) with CAD/CAM technology. The disks were subsequently cemented to the exposed dentin of 30 recently extracted bovine permanent mandibular incisors. The specimens were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 10 teeth each. In Group 1, disks were cemented using a total‑etch protocol (Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant phosphoric acid + Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX ™ Ultimate conventional resin cement); in Group 2, disks were cemented using a self‑etch protocol (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive + RelyX ™ Ultimate conventional resin cement); in Group 3, disks were cemented using a self‑adhesive protocol (RelyX ™ Unicem 2 Automix self‑adhesive resin cement). All cemented specimens were placed in a universal testing machine (Instron Universal Testing Machine 3343) and submitted to a shear bond strength test to check the strength of adhesion between the two substrates, dentin, and RNC disks. Specimens were stressed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and post‑hoc Tukey's test at a level of significance of 0.05. Results: Post‑hoc Tukey testing showed that the highest shear strength values (P < 0.001) were reported in Group 2. The lowest data (P < 0.001) were recorded in Group 3. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, conventional resin cements (coupled with etch and rinse or self‑etch adhesives) showed better shear strength values compared to self‑adhesive resin cements. Furthermore, conventional resin cements used together with a self‑etch adhesive reported the highest values of adhesion.
Background: Direct pulp capping involves the application of a dental material to seal communicati... more Background: Direct pulp capping involves the application of a dental material to seal communications between the exposed pulp and the oral cavity (mechanical and carious pulp exposures) in an attempt to act as a barrier, protect the dental pulp complex and preserve its vitality. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare, by the agar disc diffusion test, the antimicrobial activity of six different pulp-capping materials: Dycal (Dentsply), Calcicur (Voco), Calcimol LC (Voco), TheraCal LC (Bisco), MTA Angelus (Angelus), Biodentine (Septodont). Material and Methods: Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans strains were selected to evaluate the antimicrobial activity by the agar disc diffusion test of different pulp capping materials. Paper disks were impregnated whit each pulp capping materials and placed onto culture agar-plates pre-adsorbed with bacterial cells and further incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The growth inhibition zones around each pulp capping materials were recorded and compared for each bacterial strain. Results: For the investigation of the antibacterial properties the ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences among the various materials. Tukey test showed that MTA-based materials induced lower growth inhibition zones. Conclusions: MTA-based products show a discrete antibacterial activity varying from calcium hydroxide-based materials which present an higher antibacterial activity. Key words: Agar disc diffusion test, antimicrobial activity, calcium hydroxide, MTA, pulp capping materials.
Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 2015
Direct pulp capping covers the exposed surface of the pulp to maintain its vitality and preserve ... more Direct pulp capping covers the exposed surface of the pulp to maintain its vitality and preserve its functional and biologic activity. The aim of the present study was to compare the biocompatibility effects of seven different pulp-capping materials in vitro: Dycal®, Calcicur®, Calcimol LC®, TheraCal LC®, ProRoot MTA®, MTA-Angelus®, and Biodentine®. Using the Transwell insert methodology by Alamar blue test, we evaluated the cytocompatibility of the above mentioned materials towards murine odontoblasts cells (MDPC-23) at three different times (24, 48, and 72 h). For additional control, the cell viability at 72 hours was also assessed by MTT assay. Morphological analysis of murine odontoblasts was assessed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. The results indicate significantly different biocompatibility among materials with different composition. Biodentine® and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based products showed lower cytotoxicity, varying from calcium hydroxide-based materials, which exhibited higher cytotoxicity. Although our findings are limited to in vitro conditions, the observation that Biodentine® caused a cytotoxic effect similar to MTA suggests that it may be considered an alternative in pulp-capping treatment, as calcium hydroxide-based materials present higher cytotoxic effects.
The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of two products: a CPP-ACP paste (GC Too... more The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of two products: a CPP-ACP paste (GC Tooth Mousse, GC Corp.) and a desensitizing toothpaste (Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, Colgate-Palmolive) on preventing enamel erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola) by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Thirty enamel specimens were assigned to 6 groups of 5 specimens each. 1: intact enamel, 2: enamel + soft drink, 3: intact enamel + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, 4: enamel + soft drink + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, 5: intact enamel + GC Tooth Mousse, 6: enamel + soft drink + GC Tooth Mousse. The surface of each specimen was imaged by AFM. The root mean-square roughness (Rrms) was obtained from the AFM images and the differences in the averaged values among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA test. Comparing groups 4 and 6 (soft drink + toothpastes) with group 2 (eroded enamel) a statistical difference (P<0.05) was registered, suggesting effectiveness in protecting enamel against e...
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Papers by Matteo Ceci
in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of esthetic restorative materials (one microfilled flowable composite,
one nanofilled composite, one nanoybrid composite, one microfilled composite, and one nanoybrid ormocer‑based
composite) after surface roughening with cola and exposure to different staining solutions (coffee and red wine).
Materials and Methods: All materials were polymerized into silicone rubber rings (2 mm × 6 mm × 8 mm) to obtain
150 specimens identical in size. Seventy‑five specimens of Group A were first exposed to cola for 24 h, and then samples
were immersed in coffee or red wine over a 28‑day test period. A colorimetric evaluation, according to the CIE L*a*b*
system, was performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to
assess significant differences among restorative materials. Means were compared with Scheffe’s multiple comparison
test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: Specimens of Group A showed higher variations when compared with
Group B’s specimens (P < 0.05). After 28 days, the immersion protocols caused a clinically perceivable color change
for all materials tested (P < 0.05). Ceram·X Universal and Admira Fusion showed the lowest ΔE variations (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Staining beverages caused significant discolorations for all the materials tested. The first exposure to cola
enhanced the subsequent staining with coffee or red wine. Nanohybrid composites reported the lowest color variations.
materials (one microfilled composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanohybrid composite
and one Ormocer-based composite) after exposure to different staining solutions (coffee, cocacola
and red wine).
Material and methods: All materials were polymerized into silicon rings (2mm 6mm 8mm)
to obtain specimens identical in size. Thirty cylindrical specimens of each material were prepared.
They were immersed in staining solutions over a 28-day test period. A colorimetric evaluation
according to the CIE Lab system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21,
28 days of the staining process. The Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA were applied
to assess significant differences among restorative materials. The paired t-test was applied to
test which CIE Lab parameters significantly changed after immersion in staining solutions.
Results: All restorative materials showed clinically perceptible color differences after immersion
in coffee. L and b values showed the highest variability. Coca cola and red wine did not influence
the color stability for all restorative materials except for Filtek Supreme XTE.
Conclusions: Coffee caused a significant color change in all types of tested composite resins.
Filtek Supreme XTE demonstrated alone a staining susceptibility to red wine; no other significant
differences among the materials were demonstrated. Long-term exposure to some food dyes
(coffee in particular) can significantly affect the color stability of modern esthetic restorative
materials regardless of materials’ different composition.
exposed pulp and the oral cavity (mechanical and carious pulp exposures) in an attempt to act as a barrier, protect
the dental pulp complex and preserve its vitality. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare, by the agar
disc diffusion test, the antimicrobial activity of six different pulp-capping materials: Dycal (Dentsply), Calcicur
(Voco), Calcimol LC (Voco), TheraCal LC (Bisco), MTA Angelus (Angelus), Biodentine (Septodont).
Material and Methods: Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans strains were
selected to evaluate the antimicrobial activity by the agar disc diffusion test of different pulp capping materials.
Paper disks were impregnated whit each pulp capping materials and placed onto culture agar-plates pre-adsorbed
with bacterial cells and further incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The growth inhibition zones around each pulp capping
materials were recorded and compared for each bacterial strain.
Results: For the investigation of the antibacterial properties the ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences
among the various materials. Tukey test showed that MTA-based materials induced lower growth inhibition
zones.
Conclusions: MTA-based products show a discrete antibacterial activity varying from calcium hydroxide-based
materials which present an higher antibacterial activity.
Key words: Agar disc diffusion test, antimicrobial activity, calcium hydroxide, MTA, pulp capping materials.
in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of esthetic restorative materials (one microfilled flowable composite,
one nanofilled composite, one nanoybrid composite, one microfilled composite, and one nanoybrid ormocer‑based
composite) after surface roughening with cola and exposure to different staining solutions (coffee and red wine).
Materials and Methods: All materials were polymerized into silicone rubber rings (2 mm × 6 mm × 8 mm) to obtain
150 specimens identical in size. Seventy‑five specimens of Group A were first exposed to cola for 24 h, and then samples
were immersed in coffee or red wine over a 28‑day test period. A colorimetric evaluation, according to the CIE L*a*b*
system, was performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to
assess significant differences among restorative materials. Means were compared with Scheffe’s multiple comparison
test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: Specimens of Group A showed higher variations when compared with
Group B’s specimens (P < 0.05). After 28 days, the immersion protocols caused a clinically perceivable color change
for all materials tested (P < 0.05). Ceram·X Universal and Admira Fusion showed the lowest ΔE variations (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Staining beverages caused significant discolorations for all the materials tested. The first exposure to cola
enhanced the subsequent staining with coffee or red wine. Nanohybrid composites reported the lowest color variations.
materials (one microfilled composite, one nanofilled composite, one nanohybrid composite
and one Ormocer-based composite) after exposure to different staining solutions (coffee, cocacola
and red wine).
Material and methods: All materials were polymerized into silicon rings (2mm 6mm 8mm)
to obtain specimens identical in size. Thirty cylindrical specimens of each material were prepared.
They were immersed in staining solutions over a 28-day test period. A colorimetric evaluation
according to the CIE Lab system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21,
28 days of the staining process. The Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA were applied
to assess significant differences among restorative materials. The paired t-test was applied to
test which CIE Lab parameters significantly changed after immersion in staining solutions.
Results: All restorative materials showed clinically perceptible color differences after immersion
in coffee. L and b values showed the highest variability. Coca cola and red wine did not influence
the color stability for all restorative materials except for Filtek Supreme XTE.
Conclusions: Coffee caused a significant color change in all types of tested composite resins.
Filtek Supreme XTE demonstrated alone a staining susceptibility to red wine; no other significant
differences among the materials were demonstrated. Long-term exposure to some food dyes
(coffee in particular) can significantly affect the color stability of modern esthetic restorative
materials regardless of materials’ different composition.
exposed pulp and the oral cavity (mechanical and carious pulp exposures) in an attempt to act as a barrier, protect
the dental pulp complex and preserve its vitality. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare, by the agar
disc diffusion test, the antimicrobial activity of six different pulp-capping materials: Dycal (Dentsply), Calcicur
(Voco), Calcimol LC (Voco), TheraCal LC (Bisco), MTA Angelus (Angelus), Biodentine (Septodont).
Material and Methods: Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans strains were
selected to evaluate the antimicrobial activity by the agar disc diffusion test of different pulp capping materials.
Paper disks were impregnated whit each pulp capping materials and placed onto culture agar-plates pre-adsorbed
with bacterial cells and further incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The growth inhibition zones around each pulp capping
materials were recorded and compared for each bacterial strain.
Results: For the investigation of the antibacterial properties the ANOVA showed the presence of significant differences
among the various materials. Tukey test showed that MTA-based materials induced lower growth inhibition
zones.
Conclusions: MTA-based products show a discrete antibacterial activity varying from calcium hydroxide-based
materials which present an higher antibacterial activity.
Key words: Agar disc diffusion test, antimicrobial activity, calcium hydroxide, MTA, pulp capping materials.