The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and repel, or des... more The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and repel, or destroy foreign invaders that may cause disease. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic corticosteroid medication has been known to pose immunosuppressant activity. Current study investigated the effect(s) of co-administration of Antioxidant Vitamins with Artemisinin on haematological parameters [Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Eosinophil Count (EC), Monocyte Counts (MC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Lymphocyte Count (LC)] of immunocompromised mice. Sixty (n = 60) adult male (20 g35 g) albino mice were grouped into six (6) of ten (10) rats per group. While Group 1 received standard diet (control), Groups 2 6 respectively received 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Dex, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + 56 mg/kg of Original Research Article Asemota et al.; SAJP, ...
International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review, 2019
This study examined the anti ulcer properties of ethanol extract of Amaranthus hybridus leaves on... more This study examined the anti ulcer properties of ethanol extract of Amaranthus hybridus leaves on Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and alcohol induced gastric ulcer in rat models. Ethanolic nitrate extracts from Amaranthus hybridus leaves were administered orally at different doses (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg/kg) for a week in different doses. Diclofenac oral dose of 30 mg/kg diclofenac (an NSAID) and 80% alcohol induced ulcers. This effect was compared using 20 mg/kg cimetidine as positive standard and 2 ml/kg normal saline as control. This study found that Amaranthus hybridus leaves extract at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg significantly protected albino rats against diclofenac and alcohol induced gastric ulcer. Comparing the ulcer protection percentage with a standard drug (Cimetidine), it was found that the Amaranthus hybridus leave extract protected at 34% while Cimetidine protected at 80%. It was concluded that Amaranthus hybrids, a dietary nitrate protects against diclofenac-induced gastric ulcers likely through the conversion of nitrates to nitrites by the activity of bacteria in the oral cavity and stomach.
The health of the body is dependent on the immune system's ability to recognize and repel, or des... more The health of the body is dependent on the immune system's ability to recognize and repel, or destroy foreign invaders that may cause disease. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic corticosteroid medication has been known to pose immunosuppressant activity. Current study investigated the effect(s) of co-administration of Antioxidant Vitamins with Artemisinin on haematological parameters [Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Eosinophil Count (EC), Monocyte Counts (MC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Lymphocyte Count (LC)] of immunocompromised mice. Sixty (n = 60) adult male (20 g-35 g) albino mice were grouped into six (6) of ten (10) rats per group. While Group 1 received standard diet (control), Groups 2-6 respectively received 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Dex, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + 56 mg/kg of Original Research Article Asemota et al.; SAJP, 2(2): 1-10, 2019; Article no.SAJP.46722 2 Artemisinin, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vitamin C, and 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vit E. After 28 days of treatment, mice were fasted overnight and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and assayed for haematological changes. Following comparison, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) returned a statistically significant increase in Platelet Count was seen for group 3 mice, with other parameters returning an insignificant decrease. Study also found average values of PCV, LC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC to be statistically insignificant in groups 5 and 6. We recommend the co-administration of antioxidant vitamins in malaria infected and/or immunosuppressed animals.
Adaji J , Gabriel OE (2019) Access and Usag e of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN) in rural Communities of Benue State, Nigeria. Health Sci J Vol.13.No.1:618., 2019
Introduction: The main target of long lasting insecticidal
nets (LLINs) distribution in Nigeria i... more Introduction: The main target of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) distribution in Nigeria is to have at least 80% of households in rural communities own two or more LLINs and children under five and pregnant women sleep inside LLINs. Objectives: To determine access and usage of LLINs by women of reproductive age and under five children in rural communities of Benue State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which a structured questionnaire was administered to 420 respondents (household head). Four Local Government Areas (LGA) - Konshisha, Kwande, Obi and Okpokwu and a total of seventeen settlements were sampled based on set criteria: hard to reach communities with cultural and seasonal barriers. We selected households were selected based on the presence of under - five children in such households using a systematic random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23 and results were presented in frequencies and percentages. Results: Ninety three percent of the respondents used LLIN. Households had one (6%), two (26%), three (20%) and four (21%) bed-nets. The majority of the bed-nets were obtained from government hospitals (60%), mass campaign (30%) and open market (6%). Of those that used bed-nets regularly, 75% were male. The age distribution of net users was 0-59 months (67%), 6-14 years (8%) and 15-49 years (25%). Conclusion: Access to bed-net was high however; regular usage among the female population was low. We recommend that advocacy on bed-net usage should be targeted at women of child bearing age. Keywords: Children; Health; Community
South Asian Journal of Parasitology 2(2): 1-10, 2019; Article no.SAJP.46722, 2019
The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and repel, or des... more The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and repel, or destroy foreign invaders that may cause disease. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic corticosteroid medication has been known to pose immunosuppressant activity. Current study investigated the effect(s) of co-administration of Antioxidant Vitamins with Artemisinin on haematological parameters [Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Eosinophil Count (EC), Monocyte Counts (MC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Lymphocyte Count (LC)] of immunocompromised mice. Sixty (n = 60) adult male (20 g- 35 g) albino mice were grouped into six (6) of ten (10) rats per group. While Group 1 received standard diet (control), Groups 2 - 6 respectively received 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Dex, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + 56 mg/kg of Artemisinin, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vitamin C, and 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vit E. After 28 days of treatment, mice were fasted overnight and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and assayed for haematological changes. Following comparison, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) returned a statistically significant increase in Platelet Count was seen for group 3 mice, with other parameters returning an insignificant decrease. Study also found average values of PCV, LC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC to be statistically insignificant in groups 5 and 6. We recommend the co administration of antioxidant vitamins in malaria infected and/or immunosuppressed animals.
The study examined the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public se... more The study examined the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. It aimed at determining the commonly used alcohol among adolescents in the public secondary schools, the factors that influence their use, and the effect of its use on the mental health. Three hypotheses were formulated for testing. A total of 400 students were randomly selected from five public secondary schools in Makurdi. The research adopted the WHO questionnaire on alcohol use designed in 2009. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the study population and the hypotheses were tested using the simple t-test and independent t-test performed with the SPSS software (version 17). Results obtained showed that palm wine, 111(27.8%) had the highest prevalence of intake amongst adolescents in Makurdi, closely followed by wine Champagne 109(27.3%) and ordinary beer 75(18.8%). It also revealed that alcohol has a significant effect on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. [t (399) = 154.77; P < .05]. The study also recorded a significant gender difference in the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. [t (398) =-3.55; P < .05]. Much evidence indicates that alcohol use or abuse is associated with students poor performance, absenteeism from class and even theft in and outside the school environment. It is therefore recommended that the security service should actively monitor the movement of students and Drug-free clubs
The study examined the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public se... more The study examined the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. It aimed at determining the commonly used alcohol among adolescents in the public secondary schools, the factors that influence their use, and the effect of its use on the mental health. Three hypotheses were formulated for testing. A total of 400 students were 1 randomly selected from five public secondary schools in Makurdi. The research adopted the WHO questionnaire on alcohol use designed in 2009. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the study population and the hypotheses were tested using the simple t-test and independent t-test performed with the SPSS software (version 17). Results obtained showed that palm wine, 111 (27.8%) had the highest prevalence of intake amongst adolescents in Makurdi, closely followed by wine Champagne 109(27.3%) and ordinary beer 75(18.8%). It also revealed that alcohol has a significant effect on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. [t (399) = 154.77; P < .05]. The study also recorded a significant gender difference in the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. [t (398) =-3.55; P < .05]. Much evidence indicates that alcohol use or abuse is associated with student poor performance, absenteeism from class and even theft in and outside the school environment. It is therefore recommended that the security service should actively monitor the movement of students and Drug-free clubs should be encouraged amongst the students in the schools because peer-pressure is one of the reasons for students' involvement in alcohol use and abuse.
This study examined the impact of HIV/AIDS knowledge on young people's sexual risk behaviours in ... more This study examined the impact of HIV/AIDS knowledge on young people's sexual risk behaviours in Makurdi metropolis. A cross sectional survey design was adopted for the study. Three hypotheses were formulated for testing. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered to young people in Makurdi Public Schools using a standardized questionnaire developed by Carey and Schroder, (2002) to measure HIV 1 Knowledge and the HIV sexual risk behaviour scale developed by Berger (2001) was used to measure young peoples' sexual risk behaviour in Makurdi. A purposive sampling technique was used to select five schools within the zones. A systematic random sampling was used to randomly select students across the classes of the public schools. The participants include students of three secondary schools and two post-secondary institutions. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the study population and the hypotheses were tested using the paired sample test, linear regression analysis and independent t-test analysis performed with the SPSS software (version 17). Results obtained revealed that there is no significant difference in sexual risk behavior due to young people's level of HIV knowledge [t (449) =-4.19; P >.05]. Level of education has a significant prediction on the sexual risk behaviours amongst young one (β= 13.96, t = 18.913; P < .05) and there is a significant difference in sexual risk behavior between those within the ages of 11-18 years and those between the ages bracket of 19-26 years. Based on these findings, it was recommended that Parents, caregivers, health professionals and teachers should be sensitized about the sexual risk behaviours among young people so that they can be more involved in teaching them the same.
The most common flaw of most research text is that they tend to assume too much basic knowledge o... more The most common flaw of most research text is that they tend to assume too much basic knowledge on the part of their readers, who as a result, are soon lost in the complexity of the subject and statistics often combined in most texts. Albert Einsten once commented that a scientific subject should be kept as simple as possible – but no simpler. I believe, however, that it should be possible to introduce the subject to students in a very simple fashion and to develop it in such a way that the reader is led to the heart of the subject while confusion is kept to a minimum. In this text, I have tried to keep the narrow path between maximum simplification and scientific accuracy to make every student/researcher have independent capabilities to start and finish a research project. The text treated research from three broad sections as: section A; concepts of Research – which covers meaning, characteristics and types of research. Section B; Research Process – which covers, Problem Identification, Development of Objective/Hypotheses, Extensive Literature Review, Research Design, Methods of Data Collection, Method of Data Analysis and Generalization. Section C; comprised of the Outline of Research Project and Technical Report Writing. The aim of this text is to give a strategic guide to every researcher, such that a student can independently use this text to accurately start and finish a research project at any level of academics where project writing is a pre – requisite to the completion of the program.
The LLIN replacement campaign in Obi LGA of Benue State was successful. The program began with th... more The LLIN replacement campaign in Obi LGA of Benue State was successful. The program began with the LGA cascade training for ward supervisors on the 5th to 8th of April, 2016 and rounded up with LLIN distribution from 11th to 15th May, 2016. Campaign activities include; trainings, household mobilization, distribution of LLIN and monitoring and supervision. A total of 70, 931 netcard were distributed across 127 settlements and a total population of 127, 839. 1420 bales of LLIN were sent to the LGA with a total of 1419 bales positioned at designated DP stores across the wards. 68,479 beneficiaries redeemed their netcards at the end of the distribution marking 96.5% of the collection rate. There was no record of missing LLIN at the LGA. A major challenge was the distance of certain DPs from the settlements, especially for wards having only one DP, hence measures should be taken to ameliorate such burden in subsequent campaigns.
The LLIN replacement campaign in Obi LGA of Benue State was successful. The program began with th... more The LLIN replacement campaign in Obi LGA of Benue State was successful. The program began with the LGA cascade training for ward supervisors on the 5th to 8th of April, 2016 and rounded up with LLIN distribution from 11th to 15th May, 2016. Campaign activities include; trainings, household mobilization, distribution of LLIN and monitoring and supervision. A total of 70, 931 netcard were distributed across 127 settlements and a total population of 127, 839. 1420 bales of LLIN were sent to the LGA with a total of 1419 bales positioned at designated DP stores across the wards. 68,479 beneficiaries redeemed their netcards at the end of the distribution marking 96.5% of the collection rate. There was no record of missing LLIN at the LGA. A major challenge was the distance of certain DPs from the settlements, especially for wards having only one DP, hence measures should be taken to ameliorate such burden in subsequent campaigns.
The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and repel, or des... more The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and repel, or destroy foreign invaders that may cause disease. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic corticosteroid medication has been known to pose immunosuppressant activity. Current study investigated the effect(s) of co-administration of Antioxidant Vitamins with Artemisinin on haematological parameters [Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Eosinophil Count (EC), Monocyte Counts (MC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Lymphocyte Count (LC)] of immunocompromised mice. Sixty (n = 60) adult male (20 g35 g) albino mice were grouped into six (6) of ten (10) rats per group. While Group 1 received standard diet (control), Groups 2 6 respectively received 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Dex, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + 56 mg/kg of Original Research Article Asemota et al.; SAJP, ...
International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review, 2019
This study examined the anti ulcer properties of ethanol extract of Amaranthus hybridus leaves on... more This study examined the anti ulcer properties of ethanol extract of Amaranthus hybridus leaves on Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and alcohol induced gastric ulcer in rat models. Ethanolic nitrate extracts from Amaranthus hybridus leaves were administered orally at different doses (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg/kg) for a week in different doses. Diclofenac oral dose of 30 mg/kg diclofenac (an NSAID) and 80% alcohol induced ulcers. This effect was compared using 20 mg/kg cimetidine as positive standard and 2 ml/kg normal saline as control. This study found that Amaranthus hybridus leaves extract at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg significantly protected albino rats against diclofenac and alcohol induced gastric ulcer. Comparing the ulcer protection percentage with a standard drug (Cimetidine), it was found that the Amaranthus hybridus leave extract protected at 34% while Cimetidine protected at 80%. It was concluded that Amaranthus hybrids, a dietary nitrate protects against diclofenac-induced gastric ulcers likely through the conversion of nitrates to nitrites by the activity of bacteria in the oral cavity and stomach.
The health of the body is dependent on the immune system's ability to recognize and repel, or des... more The health of the body is dependent on the immune system's ability to recognize and repel, or destroy foreign invaders that may cause disease. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic corticosteroid medication has been known to pose immunosuppressant activity. Current study investigated the effect(s) of co-administration of Antioxidant Vitamins with Artemisinin on haematological parameters [Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Eosinophil Count (EC), Monocyte Counts (MC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Lymphocyte Count (LC)] of immunocompromised mice. Sixty (n = 60) adult male (20 g-35 g) albino mice were grouped into six (6) of ten (10) rats per group. While Group 1 received standard diet (control), Groups 2-6 respectively received 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Dex, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + 56 mg/kg of Original Research Article Asemota et al.; SAJP, 2(2): 1-10, 2019; Article no.SAJP.46722 2 Artemisinin, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vitamin C, and 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vit E. After 28 days of treatment, mice were fasted overnight and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and assayed for haematological changes. Following comparison, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) returned a statistically significant increase in Platelet Count was seen for group 3 mice, with other parameters returning an insignificant decrease. Study also found average values of PCV, LC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC to be statistically insignificant in groups 5 and 6. We recommend the co-administration of antioxidant vitamins in malaria infected and/or immunosuppressed animals.
Adaji J , Gabriel OE (2019) Access and Usag e of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN) in rural Communities of Benue State, Nigeria. Health Sci J Vol.13.No.1:618., 2019
Introduction: The main target of long lasting insecticidal
nets (LLINs) distribution in Nigeria i... more Introduction: The main target of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) distribution in Nigeria is to have at least 80% of households in rural communities own two or more LLINs and children under five and pregnant women sleep inside LLINs. Objectives: To determine access and usage of LLINs by women of reproductive age and under five children in rural communities of Benue State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which a structured questionnaire was administered to 420 respondents (household head). Four Local Government Areas (LGA) - Konshisha, Kwande, Obi and Okpokwu and a total of seventeen settlements were sampled based on set criteria: hard to reach communities with cultural and seasonal barriers. We selected households were selected based on the presence of under - five children in such households using a systematic random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23 and results were presented in frequencies and percentages. Results: Ninety three percent of the respondents used LLIN. Households had one (6%), two (26%), three (20%) and four (21%) bed-nets. The majority of the bed-nets were obtained from government hospitals (60%), mass campaign (30%) and open market (6%). Of those that used bed-nets regularly, 75% were male. The age distribution of net users was 0-59 months (67%), 6-14 years (8%) and 15-49 years (25%). Conclusion: Access to bed-net was high however; regular usage among the female population was low. We recommend that advocacy on bed-net usage should be targeted at women of child bearing age. Keywords: Children; Health; Community
South Asian Journal of Parasitology 2(2): 1-10, 2019; Article no.SAJP.46722, 2019
The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and repel, or des... more The health of the body is dependent on the immune system’s ability to recognize and repel, or destroy foreign invaders that may cause disease. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic corticosteroid medication has been known to pose immunosuppressant activity. Current study investigated the effect(s) of co-administration of Antioxidant Vitamins with Artemisinin on haematological parameters [Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Eosinophil Count (EC), Monocyte Counts (MC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Lymphocyte Count (LC)] of immunocompromised mice. Sixty (n = 60) adult male (20 g- 35 g) albino mice were grouped into six (6) of ten (10) rats per group. While Group 1 received standard diet (control), Groups 2 - 6 respectively received 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Dex, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + 56 mg/kg of Artemisinin, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vitamin C, and 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vit E. After 28 days of treatment, mice were fasted overnight and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and assayed for haematological changes. Following comparison, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) returned a statistically significant increase in Platelet Count was seen for group 3 mice, with other parameters returning an insignificant decrease. Study also found average values of PCV, LC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC to be statistically insignificant in groups 5 and 6. We recommend the co administration of antioxidant vitamins in malaria infected and/or immunosuppressed animals.
The study examined the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public se... more The study examined the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. It aimed at determining the commonly used alcohol among adolescents in the public secondary schools, the factors that influence their use, and the effect of its use on the mental health. Three hypotheses were formulated for testing. A total of 400 students were randomly selected from five public secondary schools in Makurdi. The research adopted the WHO questionnaire on alcohol use designed in 2009. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the study population and the hypotheses were tested using the simple t-test and independent t-test performed with the SPSS software (version 17). Results obtained showed that palm wine, 111(27.8%) had the highest prevalence of intake amongst adolescents in Makurdi, closely followed by wine Champagne 109(27.3%) and ordinary beer 75(18.8%). It also revealed that alcohol has a significant effect on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. [t (399) = 154.77; P < .05]. The study also recorded a significant gender difference in the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. [t (398) =-3.55; P < .05]. Much evidence indicates that alcohol use or abuse is associated with students poor performance, absenteeism from class and even theft in and outside the school environment. It is therefore recommended that the security service should actively monitor the movement of students and Drug-free clubs
The study examined the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public se... more The study examined the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. It aimed at determining the commonly used alcohol among adolescents in the public secondary schools, the factors that influence their use, and the effect of its use on the mental health. Three hypotheses were formulated for testing. A total of 400 students were 1 randomly selected from five public secondary schools in Makurdi. The research adopted the WHO questionnaire on alcohol use designed in 2009. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the study population and the hypotheses were tested using the simple t-test and independent t-test performed with the SPSS software (version 17). Results obtained showed that palm wine, 111 (27.8%) had the highest prevalence of intake amongst adolescents in Makurdi, closely followed by wine Champagne 109(27.3%) and ordinary beer 75(18.8%). It also revealed that alcohol has a significant effect on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. [t (399) = 154.77; P < .05]. The study also recorded a significant gender difference in the effect of alcohol on the mental health of adolescents in Makurdi public secondary schools. [t (398) =-3.55; P < .05]. Much evidence indicates that alcohol use or abuse is associated with student poor performance, absenteeism from class and even theft in and outside the school environment. It is therefore recommended that the security service should actively monitor the movement of students and Drug-free clubs should be encouraged amongst the students in the schools because peer-pressure is one of the reasons for students' involvement in alcohol use and abuse.
This study examined the impact of HIV/AIDS knowledge on young people's sexual risk behaviours in ... more This study examined the impact of HIV/AIDS knowledge on young people's sexual risk behaviours in Makurdi metropolis. A cross sectional survey design was adopted for the study. Three hypotheses were formulated for testing. A total of 450 questionnaires were administered to young people in Makurdi Public Schools using a standardized questionnaire developed by Carey and Schroder, (2002) to measure HIV 1 Knowledge and the HIV sexual risk behaviour scale developed by Berger (2001) was used to measure young peoples' sexual risk behaviour in Makurdi. A purposive sampling technique was used to select five schools within the zones. A systematic random sampling was used to randomly select students across the classes of the public schools. The participants include students of three secondary schools and two post-secondary institutions. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the study population and the hypotheses were tested using the paired sample test, linear regression analysis and independent t-test analysis performed with the SPSS software (version 17). Results obtained revealed that there is no significant difference in sexual risk behavior due to young people's level of HIV knowledge [t (449) =-4.19; P >.05]. Level of education has a significant prediction on the sexual risk behaviours amongst young one (β= 13.96, t = 18.913; P < .05) and there is a significant difference in sexual risk behavior between those within the ages of 11-18 years and those between the ages bracket of 19-26 years. Based on these findings, it was recommended that Parents, caregivers, health professionals and teachers should be sensitized about the sexual risk behaviours among young people so that they can be more involved in teaching them the same.
The most common flaw of most research text is that they tend to assume too much basic knowledge o... more The most common flaw of most research text is that they tend to assume too much basic knowledge on the part of their readers, who as a result, are soon lost in the complexity of the subject and statistics often combined in most texts. Albert Einsten once commented that a scientific subject should be kept as simple as possible – but no simpler. I believe, however, that it should be possible to introduce the subject to students in a very simple fashion and to develop it in such a way that the reader is led to the heart of the subject while confusion is kept to a minimum. In this text, I have tried to keep the narrow path between maximum simplification and scientific accuracy to make every student/researcher have independent capabilities to start and finish a research project. The text treated research from three broad sections as: section A; concepts of Research – which covers meaning, characteristics and types of research. Section B; Research Process – which covers, Problem Identification, Development of Objective/Hypotheses, Extensive Literature Review, Research Design, Methods of Data Collection, Method of Data Analysis and Generalization. Section C; comprised of the Outline of Research Project and Technical Report Writing. The aim of this text is to give a strategic guide to every researcher, such that a student can independently use this text to accurately start and finish a research project at any level of academics where project writing is a pre – requisite to the completion of the program.
The LLIN replacement campaign in Obi LGA of Benue State was successful. The program began with th... more The LLIN replacement campaign in Obi LGA of Benue State was successful. The program began with the LGA cascade training for ward supervisors on the 5th to 8th of April, 2016 and rounded up with LLIN distribution from 11th to 15th May, 2016. Campaign activities include; trainings, household mobilization, distribution of LLIN and monitoring and supervision. A total of 70, 931 netcard were distributed across 127 settlements and a total population of 127, 839. 1420 bales of LLIN were sent to the LGA with a total of 1419 bales positioned at designated DP stores across the wards. 68,479 beneficiaries redeemed their netcards at the end of the distribution marking 96.5% of the collection rate. There was no record of missing LLIN at the LGA. A major challenge was the distance of certain DPs from the settlements, especially for wards having only one DP, hence measures should be taken to ameliorate such burden in subsequent campaigns.
The LLIN replacement campaign in Obi LGA of Benue State was successful. The program began with th... more The LLIN replacement campaign in Obi LGA of Benue State was successful. The program began with the LGA cascade training for ward supervisors on the 5th to 8th of April, 2016 and rounded up with LLIN distribution from 11th to 15th May, 2016. Campaign activities include; trainings, household mobilization, distribution of LLIN and monitoring and supervision. A total of 70, 931 netcard were distributed across 127 settlements and a total population of 127, 839. 1420 bales of LLIN were sent to the LGA with a total of 1419 bales positioned at designated DP stores across the wards. 68,479 beneficiaries redeemed their netcards at the end of the distribution marking 96.5% of the collection rate. There was no record of missing LLIN at the LGA. A major challenge was the distance of certain DPs from the settlements, especially for wards having only one DP, hence measures should be taken to ameliorate such burden in subsequent campaigns.
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Papers by EKPEME OBI
Keywords: Anti- ulcer, Amaranthus hybridus, NSAID, Alcohol.
nets (LLINs) distribution in Nigeria is to have at least 80%
of households in rural communities own two or more
LLINs and children under five and pregnant women sleep
inside LLINs.
Objectives: To determine access and usage of LLINs by
women of reproductive age and under five children in
rural communities of Benue State.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in
which a structured questionnaire was administered to 420
respondents (household head). Four Local Government
Areas (LGA) - Konshisha, Kwande, Obi and Okpokwu and a
total of seventeen settlements were sampled based on
set criteria: hard to reach communities with cultural and
seasonal barriers. We selected households were selected
based on the presence of under - five children in such
households using a systematic random sampling
technique. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS
version 23 and results were presented in frequencies and
percentages.
Results: Ninety three percent of the respondents used
LLIN. Households had one (6%), two (26%), three (20%)
and four (21%) bed-nets. The majority of the bed-nets
were obtained from government hospitals (60%), mass
campaign (30%) and open market (6%). Of those that
used bed-nets regularly, 75% were male. The age
distribution of net users was 0-59 months (67%), 6-14
years (8%) and 15-49 years (25%).
Conclusion: Access to bed-net was high however; regular
usage among the female population was low. We
recommend that advocacy on bed-net usage should be
targeted at women of child bearing age.
Keywords: Children; Health; Community
Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Eosinophil Count (EC), Monocyte Counts (MC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Lymphocyte Count (LC)] of immunocompromised mice. Sixty (n = 60) adult male (20 g- 35 g) albino mice were grouped into six (6) of ten (10) rats per group. While Group 1 received standard diet (control), Groups 2 - 6 respectively received 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Dex, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + 56 mg/kg of Artemisinin, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vitamin C, and 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vit E. After 28 days of treatment, mice were fasted overnight and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and assayed for haematological changes. Following comparison, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) returned a statistically significant increase in Platelet Count was seen for group 3 mice, with other parameters returning an insignificant decrease. Study also found average values of PCV, LC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC to be statistically insignificant in groups 5 and 6. We recommend the co administration of antioxidant vitamins in malaria infected and/or immunosuppressed animals.
Keywords: Malaria; anti-oxidant immunosuppressant; haematological parameters.
Books by EKPEME OBI
Albert Einsten once commented that a scientific subject should be kept as simple as possible – but no simpler. I believe, however, that it should be possible to introduce the subject to students in a very simple fashion and to develop it in such a way that the reader is led to the heart of the subject while confusion is kept to a minimum.
In this text, I have tried to keep the narrow path between maximum simplification and scientific accuracy to make every student/researcher have independent capabilities to start and finish a research project. The text treated research from three broad sections as: section A; concepts of Research – which covers meaning, characteristics and types of research. Section B; Research Process – which covers, Problem Identification, Development of Objective/Hypotheses, Extensive Literature Review, Research Design, Methods of Data Collection, Method of Data Analysis and Generalization. Section C; comprised of the Outline of Research Project and Technical Report Writing.
The aim of this text is to give a strategic guide to every researcher, such that a student can independently use this text to accurately start and finish a research project at any level of academics where project writing is a pre – requisite to the completion of the program.
Drafts by EKPEME OBI
1420 bales of LLIN were sent to the LGA with a total of 1419 bales positioned at designated DP stores across the wards. 68,479 beneficiaries redeemed their netcards at the end of the distribution marking 96.5% of the collection rate. There was no record of missing LLIN at the LGA. A major challenge was the distance of certain DPs from the settlements, especially for wards having only one DP, hence measures should be taken to ameliorate such burden in subsequent campaigns.
1420 bales of LLIN were sent to the LGA with a total of 1419 bales positioned at designated DP stores across the wards. 68,479 beneficiaries redeemed their netcards at the end of the distribution marking 96.5% of the collection rate. There was no record of missing LLIN at the LGA. A major challenge was the distance of certain DPs from the settlements, especially for wards having only one DP, hence measures should be taken to ameliorate such burden in subsequent campaigns.
Keywords: Anti- ulcer, Amaranthus hybridus, NSAID, Alcohol.
nets (LLINs) distribution in Nigeria is to have at least 80%
of households in rural communities own two or more
LLINs and children under five and pregnant women sleep
inside LLINs.
Objectives: To determine access and usage of LLINs by
women of reproductive age and under five children in
rural communities of Benue State.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in
which a structured questionnaire was administered to 420
respondents (household head). Four Local Government
Areas (LGA) - Konshisha, Kwande, Obi and Okpokwu and a
total of seventeen settlements were sampled based on
set criteria: hard to reach communities with cultural and
seasonal barriers. We selected households were selected
based on the presence of under - five children in such
households using a systematic random sampling
technique. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS
version 23 and results were presented in frequencies and
percentages.
Results: Ninety three percent of the respondents used
LLIN. Households had one (6%), two (26%), three (20%)
and four (21%) bed-nets. The majority of the bed-nets
were obtained from government hospitals (60%), mass
campaign (30%) and open market (6%). Of those that
used bed-nets regularly, 75% were male. The age
distribution of net users was 0-59 months (67%), 6-14
years (8%) and 15-49 years (25%).
Conclusion: Access to bed-net was high however; regular
usage among the female population was low. We
recommend that advocacy on bed-net usage should be
targeted at women of child bearing age.
Keywords: Children; Health; Community
Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Eosinophil Count (EC), Monocyte Counts (MC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Lymphocyte Count (LC)] of immunocompromised mice. Sixty (n = 60) adult male (20 g- 35 g) albino mice were grouped into six (6) of ten (10) rats per group. While Group 1 received standard diet (control), Groups 2 - 6 respectively received 0.3 mg/kg body weight of Dex, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + 56 mg/kg of Artemisinin, 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vitamin C, and 0.3 mg/kg of Dex + inoculated with P. berghei + Vit E. After 28 days of treatment, mice were fasted overnight and euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and assayed for haematological changes. Following comparison, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) returned a statistically significant increase in Platelet Count was seen for group 3 mice, with other parameters returning an insignificant decrease. Study also found average values of PCV, LC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC to be statistically insignificant in groups 5 and 6. We recommend the co administration of antioxidant vitamins in malaria infected and/or immunosuppressed animals.
Keywords: Malaria; anti-oxidant immunosuppressant; haematological parameters.
Albert Einsten once commented that a scientific subject should be kept as simple as possible – but no simpler. I believe, however, that it should be possible to introduce the subject to students in a very simple fashion and to develop it in such a way that the reader is led to the heart of the subject while confusion is kept to a minimum.
In this text, I have tried to keep the narrow path between maximum simplification and scientific accuracy to make every student/researcher have independent capabilities to start and finish a research project. The text treated research from three broad sections as: section A; concepts of Research – which covers meaning, characteristics and types of research. Section B; Research Process – which covers, Problem Identification, Development of Objective/Hypotheses, Extensive Literature Review, Research Design, Methods of Data Collection, Method of Data Analysis and Generalization. Section C; comprised of the Outline of Research Project and Technical Report Writing.
The aim of this text is to give a strategic guide to every researcher, such that a student can independently use this text to accurately start and finish a research project at any level of academics where project writing is a pre – requisite to the completion of the program.
1420 bales of LLIN were sent to the LGA with a total of 1419 bales positioned at designated DP stores across the wards. 68,479 beneficiaries redeemed their netcards at the end of the distribution marking 96.5% of the collection rate. There was no record of missing LLIN at the LGA. A major challenge was the distance of certain DPs from the settlements, especially for wards having only one DP, hence measures should be taken to ameliorate such burden in subsequent campaigns.
1420 bales of LLIN were sent to the LGA with a total of 1419 bales positioned at designated DP stores across the wards. 68,479 beneficiaries redeemed their netcards at the end of the distribution marking 96.5% of the collection rate. There was no record of missing LLIN at the LGA. A major challenge was the distance of certain DPs from the settlements, especially for wards having only one DP, hence measures should be taken to ameliorate such burden in subsequent campaigns.