This paper aims to review the research achievements concerning sustainable sesame (Sesamum indicu... more This paper aims to review the research achievements concerning sustainable sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production and outlook on the production constraints and future perspectives for Myanmar sesame. Sesame is an economically and nutritionally important crop, and it is prized for oil. The global sesame market demand is rising with increasing health awareness. Meanwhile, there is high competition in the market among producing countries for an international trade. Smallholder farmers in developing countries cultivate sesame as a cash crop on marginal soils. The edible oilseed sectors currently face several challenges, including ones affecting sesame crops. For sustainable production of sesame, an integrated approach is needed to overcome these challenges and the critical limiting factors should be identified. In recent years, sesame genomic resources, including molecular markers, genetic maps, genome sequences, and online functional databases, are available for sesame genetic improvem...
There is an ongoing hunt for biologically active compounds that can combat phytopathogenic fungi ... more There is an ongoing hunt for biologically active compounds that can combat phytopathogenic fungi and improve plant growth without causing any hazards to the environment. Consequently the present study aims at deciphering the plant growth promotion and antifungal capability of Lysinibacillus sphaericus ZA9. The bacterium was previously isolated and identified in our laboratory from maize rhizosphere using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The test bacterium L. sphaericus ZA9 was found to produce high quantity of IAA (697 μg/ mL); siderophores (195.79 μg/ mL), HCN and hydrolytic enzyme as compared to the reference strain Bacillus sphaericus Z2-7. The bacterium was also capable of solubilizing silicates (Si), phosphates (P), and potassium (K). The bacterium enhanced the seedling vigor and germination of seeds pretreated with it and promoted the shoot length of both cucumber and tomato seeds in greenhouse experiment. L. sphaericus ZA9 and its cell free culture supernatant showed varied antagoni...
Medicinal plants have been used by marginal communities to treat various ailments. However, the p... more Medicinal plants have been used by marginal communities to treat various ailments. However, the potential of endophytes within these bio-prospective medicinal plants remains unknown. The present study elucidates the endophytic diversity of medicinal plants (Caralluma acutangula, Rhazya stricta, and Moringa peregrina) and the endophyte role in seed growth and oxidative stress. Various organs of medicinal plants yielded ten endophytes, which were identified as Phoma sp. (6 isolates), Alternaria sp. (2), Bipolaris sp. (1), and Cladosporium sp. (1) based on 18S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The culture filtrates (CFs; 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations) from these endophytes were tested against the growth of normal and dwarf mutant rice lines. Endophytic CF exhibited dose-dependent growth stimulation and suppression effects. CF (100%) of Phoma sp. significantly increased rice seed germination and growth compared to controls and other endophytes. This growth-promoting effect ...
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2010
The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. ... more The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. To analyse its further effects, it was fractionated into five subfractions, i.e. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane subfraction had the highest specific activity compared with the other four fractions and presented 100% inhibitory effect to germination of lettuce seeds. Chloroform subfraction presented a dose-response effect, and the ethyl acetate subfraction exhibited insignificant inhibitory effect, while n-butanol and water subfractions presented stimulatory effects. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the composition of 15 different elements with carbon, oxygen, and potassium showing highest weight percentages. In the case of hexane subfraction, highest percentages of silver (1.22%), cadmium (1.44%), manganese (0.71%), and chromium (0.70%) were observed, compared with other subfractions. Chloroform subfraction has high proportions of copper (0.63%), nickel (0.45%), iron (0.37%), calcium (0.22%), and cobalt (0.08%). In the case of ethyl acetate subfraction oxygen (49.66%) and sodium (0.33%) percentage was the highest of all the subfractions, while the other elements were observed in lesser amounts than in other subfractions. The n-butanol subfraction has recorded highest weight of zinc (0.79%) compared with other subfractions while in water subfraction significant amounts of other elements were not observed. To investigate the behaviour of these subfractions against plant pathogens, hexane subfraction (concentration gradients of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/disc) demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani while only an insignificant effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, using active natural inhibitors of plant pathogens reveals broader perspectives and interests in avoiding losses to cash crops in the local area.
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2010
The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. ... more The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. To analyse its further effects, it was fractionated into five subfractions, i.e. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane subfraction had the highest specific activity compared with the other four fractions and presented 100% inhibitory effect to germination of lettuce seeds. Chloroform subfraction presented a dose-response effect, and the ethyl acetate subfraction exhibited insignificant inhibitory effect, while n-butanol and water subfractions presented stimulatory effects. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the composition of 15 different elements with carbon, oxygen, and potassium showing highest weight percentages. In the case of hexane subfraction, highest percentages of silver (1.22%), cadmium (1.44%), manganese (0.71%), and chromium (0.70%) were observed, compared with other subfractions. Chloroform subfraction has high proportions of copper (0.63%), nickel (0.45%), iron (0.37%), calcium (0.22%), and cobalt (0.08%). In the case of ethyl acetate subfraction oxygen (49.66%) and sodium (0.33%) percentage was the highest of all the subfractions, while the other elements were observed in lesser amounts than in other subfractions. The n-butanol subfraction has recorded highest weight of zinc (0.79%) compared with other subfractions while in water subfraction significant amounts of other elements were not observed. To investigate the behaviour of these subfractions against plant pathogens, hexane subfraction (concentration gradients of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/disc) demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani while only an insignificant effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, using active natural inhibitors of plant pathogens reveals broader perspectives and interests in avoiding losses to cash crops in the local area.
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2010
The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. ... more The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. To analyse its further effects, it was fractionated into five subfractions, i.e. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane subfraction had the highest specific activity compared with the other four fractions and presented 100% inhibitory effect to germination of lettuce seeds. Chloroform subfraction presented a dose-response effect, and the ethyl acetate subfraction exhibited insignificant inhibitory effect, while n-butanol and water subfractions presented stimulatory effects. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the composition of 15 different elements with carbon, oxygen, and potassium showing highest weight percentages. In the case of hexane subfraction, highest percentages of silver (1.22%), cadmium (1.44%), manganese (0.71%), and chromium (0.70%) were observed, compared with other subfractions. Chloroform subfraction has high proportions of copper (0.63%), nickel (0.45%), iron (0.37%), calcium (0.22%), and cobalt (0.08%). In the case of ethyl acetate subfraction oxygen (49.66%) and sodium (0.33%) percentage was the highest of all the subfractions, while the other elements were observed in lesser amounts than in other subfractions. The n-butanol subfraction has recorded highest weight of zinc (0.79%) compared with other subfractions while in water subfraction significant amounts of other elements were not observed. To investigate the behaviour of these subfractions against plant pathogens, hexane subfraction (concentration gradients of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/disc) demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani while only an insignificant effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, using active natural inhibitors of plant pathogens reveals broader perspectives and interests in avoiding losses to cash crops in the local area.
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2010
The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. ... more The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. To analyse its further effects, it was fractionated into five subfractions, i.e. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane subfraction had the highest specific activity compared with the other four fractions and presented 100% inhibitory effect to germination of lettuce seeds. Chloroform subfraction presented a dose-response effect, and the ethyl acetate subfraction exhibited insignificant inhibitory effect, while n-butanol and water subfractions presented stimulatory effects. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the composition of 15 different elements with carbon, oxygen, and potassium showing highest weight percentages. In the case of hexane subfraction, highest percentages of silver (1.22%), cadmium (1.44%), manganese (0.71%), and chromium (0.70%) were observed, compared with other subfractions. Chloroform subfraction has high proportions of copper (0.63%), nickel (0.45%), iron (0.37%), calcium (0.22%), and cobalt (0.08%). In the case of ethyl acetate subfraction oxygen (49.66%) and sodium (0.33%) percentage was the highest of all the subfractions, while the other elements were observed in lesser amounts than in other subfractions. The n-butanol subfraction has recorded highest weight of zinc (0.79%) compared with other subfractions while in water subfraction significant amounts of other elements were not observed. To investigate the behaviour of these subfractions against plant pathogens, hexane subfraction (concentration gradients of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/disc) demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani while only an insignificant effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, using active natural inhibitors of plant pathogens reveals broader perspectives and interests in avoiding losses to cash crops in the local area.
This paper aims to review the research achievements concerning sustainable sesame (Sesamum indicu... more This paper aims to review the research achievements concerning sustainable sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production and outlook on the production constraints and future perspectives for Myanmar sesame. Sesame is an economically and nutritionally important crop, and it is prized for oil. The global sesame market demand is rising with increasing health awareness. Meanwhile, there is high competition in the market among producing countries for an international trade. Smallholder farmers in developing countries cultivate sesame as a cash crop on marginal soils. The edible oilseed sectors currently face several challenges, including ones affecting sesame crops. For sustainable production of sesame, an integrated approach is needed to overcome these challenges and the critical limiting factors should be identified. In recent years, sesame genomic resources, including molecular markers, genetic maps, genome sequences, and online functional databases, are available for sesame genetic improvem...
There is an ongoing hunt for biologically active compounds that can combat phytopathogenic fungi ... more There is an ongoing hunt for biologically active compounds that can combat phytopathogenic fungi and improve plant growth without causing any hazards to the environment. Consequently the present study aims at deciphering the plant growth promotion and antifungal capability of Lysinibacillus sphaericus ZA9. The bacterium was previously isolated and identified in our laboratory from maize rhizosphere using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The test bacterium L. sphaericus ZA9 was found to produce high quantity of IAA (697 μg/ mL); siderophores (195.79 μg/ mL), HCN and hydrolytic enzyme as compared to the reference strain Bacillus sphaericus Z2-7. The bacterium was also capable of solubilizing silicates (Si), phosphates (P), and potassium (K). The bacterium enhanced the seedling vigor and germination of seeds pretreated with it and promoted the shoot length of both cucumber and tomato seeds in greenhouse experiment. L. sphaericus ZA9 and its cell free culture supernatant showed varied antagoni...
Medicinal plants have been used by marginal communities to treat various ailments. However, the p... more Medicinal plants have been used by marginal communities to treat various ailments. However, the potential of endophytes within these bio-prospective medicinal plants remains unknown. The present study elucidates the endophytic diversity of medicinal plants (Caralluma acutangula, Rhazya stricta, and Moringa peregrina) and the endophyte role in seed growth and oxidative stress. Various organs of medicinal plants yielded ten endophytes, which were identified as Phoma sp. (6 isolates), Alternaria sp. (2), Bipolaris sp. (1), and Cladosporium sp. (1) based on 18S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The culture filtrates (CFs; 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations) from these endophytes were tested against the growth of normal and dwarf mutant rice lines. Endophytic CF exhibited dose-dependent growth stimulation and suppression effects. CF (100%) of Phoma sp. significantly increased rice seed germination and growth compared to controls and other endophytes. This growth-promoting effect ...
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2010
The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. ... more The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. To analyse its further effects, it was fractionated into five subfractions, i.e. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane subfraction had the highest specific activity compared with the other four fractions and presented 100% inhibitory effect to germination of lettuce seeds. Chloroform subfraction presented a dose-response effect, and the ethyl acetate subfraction exhibited insignificant inhibitory effect, while n-butanol and water subfractions presented stimulatory effects. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the composition of 15 different elements with carbon, oxygen, and potassium showing highest weight percentages. In the case of hexane subfraction, highest percentages of silver (1.22%), cadmium (1.44%), manganese (0.71%), and chromium (0.70%) were observed, compared with other subfractions. Chloroform subfraction has high proportions of copper (0.63%), nickel (0.45%), iron (0.37%), calcium (0.22%), and cobalt (0.08%). In the case of ethyl acetate subfraction oxygen (49.66%) and sodium (0.33%) percentage was the highest of all the subfractions, while the other elements were observed in lesser amounts than in other subfractions. The n-butanol subfraction has recorded highest weight of zinc (0.79%) compared with other subfractions while in water subfraction significant amounts of other elements were not observed. To investigate the behaviour of these subfractions against plant pathogens, hexane subfraction (concentration gradients of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/disc) demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani while only an insignificant effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, using active natural inhibitors of plant pathogens reveals broader perspectives and interests in avoiding losses to cash crops in the local area.
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2010
The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. ... more The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. To analyse its further effects, it was fractionated into five subfractions, i.e. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane subfraction had the highest specific activity compared with the other four fractions and presented 100% inhibitory effect to germination of lettuce seeds. Chloroform subfraction presented a dose-response effect, and the ethyl acetate subfraction exhibited insignificant inhibitory effect, while n-butanol and water subfractions presented stimulatory effects. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the composition of 15 different elements with carbon, oxygen, and potassium showing highest weight percentages. In the case of hexane subfraction, highest percentages of silver (1.22%), cadmium (1.44%), manganese (0.71%), and chromium (0.70%) were observed, compared with other subfractions. Chloroform subfraction has high proportions of copper (0.63%), nickel (0.45%), iron (0.37%), calcium (0.22%), and cobalt (0.08%). In the case of ethyl acetate subfraction oxygen (49.66%) and sodium (0.33%) percentage was the highest of all the subfractions, while the other elements were observed in lesser amounts than in other subfractions. The n-butanol subfraction has recorded highest weight of zinc (0.79%) compared with other subfractions while in water subfraction significant amounts of other elements were not observed. To investigate the behaviour of these subfractions against plant pathogens, hexane subfraction (concentration gradients of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/disc) demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani while only an insignificant effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, using active natural inhibitors of plant pathogens reveals broader perspectives and interests in avoiding losses to cash crops in the local area.
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2010
The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. ... more The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. To analyse its further effects, it was fractionated into five subfractions, i.e. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane subfraction had the highest specific activity compared with the other four fractions and presented 100% inhibitory effect to germination of lettuce seeds. Chloroform subfraction presented a dose-response effect, and the ethyl acetate subfraction exhibited insignificant inhibitory effect, while n-butanol and water subfractions presented stimulatory effects. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the composition of 15 different elements with carbon, oxygen, and potassium showing highest weight percentages. In the case of hexane subfraction, highest percentages of silver (1.22%), cadmium (1.44%), manganese (0.71%), and chromium (0.70%) were observed, compared with other subfractions. Chloroform subfraction has high proportions of copper (0.63%), nickel (0.45%), iron (0.37%), calcium (0.22%), and cobalt (0.08%). In the case of ethyl acetate subfraction oxygen (49.66%) and sodium (0.33%) percentage was the highest of all the subfractions, while the other elements were observed in lesser amounts than in other subfractions. The n-butanol subfraction has recorded highest weight of zinc (0.79%) compared with other subfractions while in water subfraction significant amounts of other elements were not observed. To investigate the behaviour of these subfractions against plant pathogens, hexane subfraction (concentration gradients of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/disc) demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani while only an insignificant effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, using active natural inhibitors of plant pathogens reveals broader perspectives and interests in avoiding losses to cash crops in the local area.
Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-soil and Plant Science, 2010
The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. ... more The leaf leachate of Inula falconeri Hook. f. has been reported to carry allelopathic potential. To analyse its further effects, it was fractionated into five subfractions, i.e. hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The hexane subfraction had the highest specific activity compared with the other four fractions and presented 100% inhibitory effect to germination of lettuce seeds. Chloroform subfraction presented a dose-response effect, and the ethyl acetate subfraction exhibited insignificant inhibitory effect, while n-butanol and water subfractions presented stimulatory effects. Elemental analysis through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed the composition of 15 different elements with carbon, oxygen, and potassium showing highest weight percentages. In the case of hexane subfraction, highest percentages of silver (1.22%), cadmium (1.44%), manganese (0.71%), and chromium (0.70%) were observed, compared with other subfractions. Chloroform subfraction has high proportions of copper (0.63%), nickel (0.45%), iron (0.37%), calcium (0.22%), and cobalt (0.08%). In the case of ethyl acetate subfraction oxygen (49.66%) and sodium (0.33%) percentage was the highest of all the subfractions, while the other elements were observed in lesser amounts than in other subfractions. The n-butanol subfraction has recorded highest weight of zinc (0.79%) compared with other subfractions while in water subfraction significant amounts of other elements were not observed. To investigate the behaviour of these subfractions against plant pathogens, hexane subfraction (concentration gradients of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/disc) demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani while only an insignificant effect against Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, using active natural inhibitors of plant pathogens reveals broader perspectives and interests in avoiding losses to cash crops in the local area.
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