Philip J. Havik (PhD, Leiden University, The Netherlands) is senior researcher at the Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT/UNL) of the Universidade Nova in Lisbon, where he also teaches. His multidisciplinary research centers upon the study of Philip J. Havik (PhD, Leiden University, The Netherlands) is senior researcher at the Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT/UNL) of the Universidade Nova in Lisbon, while also teaching at the said institute. His multidisciplinary research centers upon the study of global health and tropical medicine, health systems & governance, anthropology of health and history of tropical medicine and ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa, with special emphasis on Lusophone African countries. Phone: +351-21-3652600 Address: Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)
R. da Junqueira, 100
1349-008 Lisbon
Portugal
This book engages with a controversial issue, namely the establishment of penal colonies and conc... more This book engages with a controversial issue, namely the establishment of penal colonies and concentration camps in imperial spaces, which have informed ongoing debates on the repressive practices of colonial rule and popular resistance against it. The contributors offer a reassessment of the history of politically motivated incarceration based upon a multi-disciplinary perspective in a global, imperial setting during the twentieth century.
The introduction and seven chapters engage with comparative and transnational perspectives on political persecution, forced confinement and colonial rule in British, French, German, Belgian and Portuguese dominions in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. Addressing political incarceration's global imperial dimensions, they focus upon the organisation, strategies, narratives and practices associated with political internment in Africa (Angola, Tanzania, Rhodesia, South Africa), Latin America (French Guyana) and the Pacific region (New Caledonia). Penal legislation, policies of convict transport and political imprisonment, resettlement, prison regimes, resistance and liberation struggles, counter insurgency, prisoner agency, and prisons as cultural spaces and of memory are discussed here for different time periods from the mid-1800s to the late twentieth century. The chapters build upon the ongoing debate on political incarceration in the empire and the remarkable dynamic scientific research witnessed over the last decades. As a result, they provide novel insights into the nature of legal systems, colonial discourse, memory, racial segregation and persecution, prisoners’ narratives of practices of punishment and incarceration, and human rights abuses in imperial spaces.
The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. The editors have also written an original conclusion to the present volume.
This book contains some of the richest written material in existence for precolonial West Africa ... more This book contains some of the richest written material in existence for precolonial West Africa with unique insights into daily life in an Afro-Atlantic coastal trade settlement. Presenting the complete translated and annotated text of the Inquisition trial of Crispina Peres, an African woman born in the Guinea-Bissau region, of a Portuguese father and an African mother, it documents the Portuguese Inquisition's religious persecution of Africans on African soil. Set in a slave port in 17th century West Africa, the trial focuses on the worldview of an African woman accused of engaging in African rites and witchcraft, who is imprisoned and brought before Inquisitioners in Lisbon. It highlights her resourcefulness, resilience and spirited defence of her innocence, providing precious details on her life, household, work, health and social and commercial networks in this understudied African region.
Guinea-Bissau suffers from political instability and an unusually high HIV/AIDS burden
compared ... more Guinea-Bissau suffers from political instability and an unusually high HIV/AIDS burden
compared to other countries in the West Africa region. We conducted a systematic review on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau during the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) period (2000–2015), which dovetailed with a period of chronic political instability in the country’s history. We searched published works on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau for references to chronic political instability. Six databases and the grey literature were searched, informed by expert opinion and manual research through reference tracing. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The search yielded 122 articles about HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau during the MDG years. Biomedical, clinical, or epidemiological research predominated public health research production on HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau in this period. Six articles addressing themes related to chronic political instability, including how political instability has affected the HIV/AIDS disease response, were identified. The results suggest the importance
of considering a broader political epidemiology that accounts for socio-political aspects such as governance, human rights, and community responses into which any national HIV/AIDS response is integrated.
David Thomas & John Chesworth (eds.) Christian-Muslim relations: a bibliographical history. Asia, Africa and the Americas (1700-1800) (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2018), 2018
The account by Sieur Michel Jajolet de La Courbe of his travels to the West African coast coverin... more The account by Sieur Michel Jajolet de La Courbe of his travels to the West African coast covering the years 1685 and 1686, contains detailed descriptions of St Louis and Gorée, which had been conquered by the French over the Dutch occupants in 1677, and of the Petite Côte, the Gambia and the Guinea Bissau region, where British and Portuguese interests were established. The travels of this French nobleman invited to carry out a commission in the region on behalf of the Compagnie Royale du Senegal, provides insights into African societies, their organization, customs and livelihoods as well into Euro-African relations in Atlantic trade settlements along the coast and rivers. In addition, La Courbe's much quoted account also sheds light on the relations between Christian and Muslim communities, illustrated by descriptions of visits to and negotiations with local African rulers, against the background of political and religious tensions and rivalries in a region deeply affected by slave trafficking and the competition for the spoils of Afro-Atlantic commerce.
The chapters of this book analyse different aspects of the management of death, dying and mortali... more The chapters of this book analyse different aspects of the management of death, dying and mortality by migrants in Southern Europe, by deconstructing persistent idiosyncratic beliefs, myths, narratives, silences, and constraints. It focuses on migrants from diverse geographical (Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Brazil, Bangladesh and China) and cultural backgrounds in Portugal, Spain and Italy. It also includes reflections on Madagascar, East-Timor and Cuba. The thirteen chapters divided into four parts provide insights into epistemological issues, the trans-national circulation of bodies, spirits and rituals, migration, the placing of the dead and diverse funerary practices and perspectives. Privileging a multidisciplinary and multi-sited approach to death and migrations, this book draws on oral, archival and published sources to give visibility to populations that often live in liminar structural positions and transient worlds. By exploring the multifaceted dimensions of death and suffering among immigrant populations, the present volume refocuses the debate on migration in Europe and beyond by highlighting under-researched issues such as the end of life care, mental health, death, burial, cremation, funerary ceremonies and symbols, and martyrdom. Finally, it reveals the complex processes that connect notions of the “good” and “bad” death and burial, and notions regarding home and belonging in contexts of trans-national mobility.
Cosmopolitanism in the Portuguese-Speaking World, ed. Francisco Bethencourt (Leiden: Brill, 2017) , 2017
The present chapter discusses the impact of global economic change on the way of life of female a... more The present chapter discusses the impact of global economic change on the way of life of female and male actors, and groups, involved in trans-Atlantic and intra-African commerce from an anthropological and socio-historical perspective. It focuses on these interactions against the background of economic, social and cultural transformations taking place in areas of Portuguese presence in Africa. The notion of cosmopolitanism is applied here to particular dynamics of the colonial encounter in which free African women - whether or not with male collaboration - were to operate in a decidedly trans-cultural and trans-regional fashion. Operating beyond the confines of ‘national’ or ‘imperial’ considerations, they developed cosmopolitan lifestyles in the tropics, skillfully exploring the opportunities offered by agency, alliance and relatedness and thereby illustrating the fluidity of spatial and social boundaries.
in: João José Reis e Carlos Silva Jr (orgs), Atlântico de dor: faces do tráfico de escravos (Cachoeira: UFRB /Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço, 2016): 403-443, 2016
Procura-se neste capítulo analisar as mudanças nos papeis protagonizados por mulheres africanas n... more Procura-se neste capítulo analisar as mudanças nos papeis protagonizados por mulheres africanas nas redes de comércio na região da África Ocidental contra o pano de fundo do tráfico transatlântico entre o século XVII e XIX. A produção historiográfica sobre a Costa da Guiné pela ótica de gênero e parentesco é aqui examinado, ancorado num perspectiva antropologica, estabelendo comparações temporais quanto a interação e do intercâmbio entre sociedades Africanas e redes atlânticas. Com base numa leitura de fontes arquivísticos e bibliográficas, o capítulo se centra em estudos de caso de figuras femininas chaves em épocas distintas para documentar as dinâmicas económicos, sociais e culturais que desenvolveram na região.
In 2004, a conference was held at King’s College London to commemorate the centenary of the birth... more In 2004, a conference was held at King’s College London to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Charles Boxer. The theme of the conference was the development of the culturally mixed ‘Portuguese’ societies in Asia, Africa and America, which reflected Boxer’s own interest in the social history of Portugal’s overseas empire. Although the conference papers were published by Bristol University, this volume is long out of print and the outstanding quality of many of the contributions has made it necessary for this collection to be republished. Portuguese overseas expansion over a period of five centuries led to the formation of many mixed or creole communities which drew culturally not only on Portugal, but also on indigenous societies. This cross-cultural interaction gave rise to a creole ‘Portuguese’ identity that in many cases outlasted the formal empire itself. Reflecting upon the main tenets of Boxer’s work, the collection provides a broad geographical perspective upon areas of Portuguese presence in Guinea, Cape Verde, Angola, São Tomé, Brazil and Goa. The chapters cover a wide range of social strata, including plantation slave and maroon communities, private settler-traders and pirates, indigenous trade-diasporas, Luso-African, Luso-Brazilian and Afro-Brazilian groups, as well as the formation of Creole elites against the background of shifting racial, gender, ethnic, linguistic and religious boundaries. As such, this collection represents an exercise in ‘subaltern’ history which shows that the informal social relations were often more important in the long term than the formal structures of empire.
This book addresses a notable gap in the knowledge of Portuguese colonial administration and the ... more This book addresses a notable gap in the knowledge of Portuguese colonial administration and the policies implemented in the main territories of its “third” African empire: Angola, Mozambique and Guinea. In recent years, the question of colonial taxation has become a topic in the academic debate on colonial empires and has led to a comparative, long-term focus on its impact in African societies. Given that former Portuguese colonies in Africa have been largely absent from this debate, this book offers new perspectives on taxation and colonial rule, and the first detailed and comprehensive study of fiscal administration. Besides dealing with the economic and financial aspects of empire, the book interprets the social experience of African populations through their interaction with colonial institutions. Based on a thorough and probing qualitative and quantitative analysis of published and unpublished data, it places taxation in a broad social context for the period between the full military control of the territories and the end of WW II. Thus, whilst engaging with ongoing debates on comparative African economic and political history, the book provides a key contribution to research on African social change.
Este livro, o primeiro da série “Orlando Ribeiro – Cadernos de Campo”, é uma edição crítica do c... more Este livro, o primeiro da série “Orlando Ribeiro – Cadernos de Campo”, é uma edição crítica do caderno de campo de uma missão à Guiné realizada em 1947 por Orlando Ribeiro, cujo centenário se comemorou em 2011. Esta publicação que iniciará uma série com os cadernos de campo inéditos do famoso geórgrafo português, contém o caderno de campo do autor, facsimilada e anotada, produzido durante duas missões na Guiné Portuguesa no ano de 1947. O volume também reproduz dois textos do autor publicados em 1950 baseada nos dados recolhidos durante a sua missão, e uma série de fotografias tiradas no terreno pelo autor. Vários textos redigidos pela Suzanne Daveau e Philip Havik acompanham os escritos de Orlando Ribeiro, e permitem conhecer melhor a organização da missão e o trabalho campo feito por este num território então ainda pouco conhecido.
Resumo: A ideia para a constituição desta obra partiu do grupo de investigadores das áreas de his... more Resumo: A ideia para a constituição desta obra partiu do grupo de investigadores das áreas de história e da antropologia que constituía o núcleo do Programa Sociedades e Culturas Tropicais do Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, no ano de 2006, para homenagear a professora Jill Dias enquanto directora do Centro de Estudos Africanos e Asiáticos (CEAA) daquela instituição desde 1986, e do programa que lhe sucedeu, acima referido. As contribuições deste volume revelam o fruto de investigações, empreendidas devido ao apoio, confiança, investimento e incentivo de alguém que se encontrava entre nós e com quem podíamos contar a cada momento. Infelizmente Jill Dias faleceu em Abril de 2008, sem assistir à edição do volume que agora se apresenta, e cuja diferenciação e riqueza temática se revelam um verdadeiro espelho dos empenhos em que a homenageada se desdobrava, numa energia fulgurante. Os editores decidiram pois conservar o cariz inicial do projecto e que é a sua razão de ser: um volume que remete para o tempo em que foi concebido, com Jill Dias presente e actuante, com todo o seu dinamismo.
Abstract: The idea for publishing this volume originated in 2006 among a group of researchers in history and anthropology which formed the nucleus of the Programme Tropical Societies and Cultures of the Institute for Scientific Research in the Tropics (IICT), in honour of prof. Jill Dias as director of the Centre for African and Asian Studies of the IIC since 1986 e coordinator of the above mentioned programme. The contributions included in this volume are the result of research undertakne ith the support, trust, investment and incentive from a colleague who could be called upon at any moment. Unfortunately, Jill Dias died in April 2008, without being able to presence the publication of the present volume, whose great thematic diversity reflect the multidisciplinary involvement, boundless energy and great dedication shown by the person we honour here. The editors decided to maintain the original character of the project which is its reason to be: a reader which consigns the reader to the moment when it was conceived, with a present and active Jill Dias with all her buoyancy and inspiration.
The current study aims to provide novel insights into the changes in gendered patterns of trade i... more The current study aims to provide novel insights into the changes in gendered patterns of trade in the Guinea-Bissau region from the mid fifteenth to the early twentieth centuries. Based upon archival and oral research it focuses on the remarkable roles played by women and the considerable scope for initiative they acquired as intermediaries in the context of Afro-Atlantic exchange in the region. In order to provide a comparative chronological framework, it centres on crucial periods of economic and social change in the seventeenth and the nineteenth century. The study looks at the economic and political changes in the 1600s when as result of increasing competition between European nations for a share in the slave trade coastal intermediaries carved out a niche for themselves in trade networks. But it also covers the period of transition from slave to crop trade in the nineteenth century and the implications of scramble for Africa for coastal trading communities. In both epochs women in trade settlements succeeded in significantly extending their autonomy by exploiting their role as cultural brokers. This phenomenon clearly merits a closer look at representations of women brokers and -traders and the shifts that occurred over time. However, so far little attention has been paid to their roles in the region. The present study wishes to provide an answer to the question why and how women were able to play such an autonomous role in Afro-Atlantic trade networks. In order to do so it identifies the mechanisms that supported and drove mediation in the region and women’s participation in it, while situating developments in the Guinea-Bissau region within the wider West African context.
The 6th AU-EU Summit presented a joint vision for a renewed inter-regional partnership with a st... more The 6th AU-EU Summit presented a joint vision for a renewed inter-regional partnership with a strong emphasis on public health. With the COVID-19 pandemic as its backdrop, a common health agenda was agreed which pledged support for Africa’s fully-fledged health sovereignty. Different packages contemplated technical assistance and funding for improving health governance, infrastructures, human resources, health information and regulation, whilst ensuring vaccine dose sharing. This article looks at EU’s inter-regional health diplomacy and its ambition to shape African institutions, and the African Medicines Agency in particular. It addresses strategic considerations, comparing EU and AU models, regulatory policies, and their implementation, while considering the broader implications for African health sovereignty.
Vozes do Povo: Sociedade, Política e Opinião Pública na Guiné-Bissau, 2024
O inquérito Vozes do Povo sobre a opinião pública na Guiné-Bissau expõe uma importante disjunção ... more O inquérito Vozes do Povo sobre a opinião pública na Guiné-Bissau expõe uma importante disjunção nas atitudes populares perante as instituições nacionais e locais. Os resultados são dramáticos em muitos aspetos, pois colocam em questão a legitimidade política do próprio Estado enquanto, ao mesmo tempo, assinalam a proximidade de instituições locais e a dinâmica da sociedade civil em geral. Este capítulo inclui quatro secções. A primeira reconstrui a trajetória política complexa e heterogénea do país, desde a independência, seguida por uma análise das tendências que emanam da pesquisa comparativa entre a Guiné-Bissau e outros países da África Ocidental, com base nos dados da pesquisa Vozes do Povo e do Afrobarometer. A seguir, examina os dados qualitativos que emergiram de discussões de grupos focais realizadas em diferentes partes do país. As conclusões avaliam as formas potenciais de diminuir o fosso Estado-sociedade na Guiné-Bissau. Apesar de se verificar uma profunda desconfiança nas instituições públicas e nos atores políticos - com uma exceção para as Forças Armadas - também realça a notável vontade de mudança e confiança nas suas “próprias” organizações e lideranças comunitárias.
The historiography of modalities and trajectories of human mobility has engaged with imperial and... more The historiography of modalities and trajectories of human mobility has engaged with imperial and postcolonial perspectives, highlighting the erstwhile and lingering connections between the former colonies and their European metropoles. Areas of former Portuguese presence in Africa are no exception to the rule. This special issue places coerced and voluntary migrations, and the socioeconomic, political, and cultural connections that emerged over time in a long-term regional African perspective. This publication brings together contributions on micro-and mesohistories of South-South migrations and diasporas with an emphasis on population movements, narratives, identities, and practices in empire and the post-colony.
The twin phenomena of the formation of Creole strata and societies and cultural creolization have... more The twin phenomena of the formation of Creole strata and societies and cultural creolization have dominated debates on the uniqueness of Caribbean contexts and universalist notions of cross-cultural interaction at a global level. These analytical threads are integrated into a study of processes of creolization and acculturation in their multiple forms in areas of (former) Portuguese presence in West Africa. Deeply entangled with four centuries of the Atlantic slave trade and the rise and fall of the colonial state, the remarkable diversity of cross-cultural encounters in empire is addressed here for Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Angola.
Background Understanding health delivery service from a patient´s perspective, including factors ... more Background Understanding health delivery service from a patient´s perspective, including factors influencing healthcare seeking behaviour, is crucial when treating diseases, particularly infectious ones, like tuberculosis. This study aims to trace and contextualise the trajectories patients pursued towards diagnosis and treatment, while discussing key factors associated with treatment delays. Tuberculosis patients' pathways may serve as indicator of the difficulties the more vulnerable sections of society experience in obtaining adequate care.
International Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health, 2022
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease associated with poverty. In the European Union TB tend... more Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease associated with poverty. In the European Union TB tends to concentrate in urban settings. In Lisbon, previous studies revealed, the presence of migrant populations from a high endemic country, is one of the risk factors contributing to TB. To better understand TB in foreign-born individuals in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, a mixed-method case study was undertaken on a TB treatment centre in a high-risk part of urban Portugal. Quantitatively, annual TB cases were analysed from 2008 to 2018, dividing foreign-origin cases into recent migrants and long-term migrants. Qualitatively, we explored recent migrants' reasons, experiences and perceptions associated with the disease. Our results showed that foreign-born individuals accounted for 45.7% of cases, mainly originated from Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Cabo Verde. TB in recent migrants increased over the years for Angola and Guinea-Bissau, while for Cabo Verde TB cases were due to migrants residing in Portugal for more than 2 years. Recent migrants' reasons to travel to Portugal were to study, to live and work, tourism, and seeking better healthcare. Visiting family and friends, historical links and common language were key drivers for the choice of country. Recent migrants and long-term migrants may present distinct background profiles associated with diagnosed TB.
This book engages with a controversial issue, namely the establishment of penal colonies and conc... more This book engages with a controversial issue, namely the establishment of penal colonies and concentration camps in imperial spaces, which have informed ongoing debates on the repressive practices of colonial rule and popular resistance against it. The contributors offer a reassessment of the history of politically motivated incarceration based upon a multi-disciplinary perspective in a global, imperial setting during the twentieth century.
The introduction and seven chapters engage with comparative and transnational perspectives on political persecution, forced confinement and colonial rule in British, French, German, Belgian and Portuguese dominions in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. Addressing political incarceration's global imperial dimensions, they focus upon the organisation, strategies, narratives and practices associated with political internment in Africa (Angola, Tanzania, Rhodesia, South Africa), Latin America (French Guyana) and the Pacific region (New Caledonia). Penal legislation, policies of convict transport and political imprisonment, resettlement, prison regimes, resistance and liberation struggles, counter insurgency, prisoner agency, and prisons as cultural spaces and of memory are discussed here for different time periods from the mid-1800s to the late twentieth century. The chapters build upon the ongoing debate on political incarceration in the empire and the remarkable dynamic scientific research witnessed over the last decades. As a result, they provide novel insights into the nature of legal systems, colonial discourse, memory, racial segregation and persecution, prisoners’ narratives of practices of punishment and incarceration, and human rights abuses in imperial spaces.
The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. The editors have also written an original conclusion to the present volume.
This book contains some of the richest written material in existence for precolonial West Africa ... more This book contains some of the richest written material in existence for precolonial West Africa with unique insights into daily life in an Afro-Atlantic coastal trade settlement. Presenting the complete translated and annotated text of the Inquisition trial of Crispina Peres, an African woman born in the Guinea-Bissau region, of a Portuguese father and an African mother, it documents the Portuguese Inquisition's religious persecution of Africans on African soil. Set in a slave port in 17th century West Africa, the trial focuses on the worldview of an African woman accused of engaging in African rites and witchcraft, who is imprisoned and brought before Inquisitioners in Lisbon. It highlights her resourcefulness, resilience and spirited defence of her innocence, providing precious details on her life, household, work, health and social and commercial networks in this understudied African region.
Guinea-Bissau suffers from political instability and an unusually high HIV/AIDS burden
compared ... more Guinea-Bissau suffers from political instability and an unusually high HIV/AIDS burden
compared to other countries in the West Africa region. We conducted a systematic review on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau during the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) period (2000–2015), which dovetailed with a period of chronic political instability in the country’s history. We searched published works on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau for references to chronic political instability. Six databases and the grey literature were searched, informed by expert opinion and manual research through reference tracing. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The search yielded 122 articles about HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau during the MDG years. Biomedical, clinical, or epidemiological research predominated public health research production on HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau in this period. Six articles addressing themes related to chronic political instability, including how political instability has affected the HIV/AIDS disease response, were identified. The results suggest the importance
of considering a broader political epidemiology that accounts for socio-political aspects such as governance, human rights, and community responses into which any national HIV/AIDS response is integrated.
David Thomas & John Chesworth (eds.) Christian-Muslim relations: a bibliographical history. Asia, Africa and the Americas (1700-1800) (Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2018), 2018
The account by Sieur Michel Jajolet de La Courbe of his travels to the West African coast coverin... more The account by Sieur Michel Jajolet de La Courbe of his travels to the West African coast covering the years 1685 and 1686, contains detailed descriptions of St Louis and Gorée, which had been conquered by the French over the Dutch occupants in 1677, and of the Petite Côte, the Gambia and the Guinea Bissau region, where British and Portuguese interests were established. The travels of this French nobleman invited to carry out a commission in the region on behalf of the Compagnie Royale du Senegal, provides insights into African societies, their organization, customs and livelihoods as well into Euro-African relations in Atlantic trade settlements along the coast and rivers. In addition, La Courbe's much quoted account also sheds light on the relations between Christian and Muslim communities, illustrated by descriptions of visits to and negotiations with local African rulers, against the background of political and religious tensions and rivalries in a region deeply affected by slave trafficking and the competition for the spoils of Afro-Atlantic commerce.
The chapters of this book analyse different aspects of the management of death, dying and mortali... more The chapters of this book analyse different aspects of the management of death, dying and mortality by migrants in Southern Europe, by deconstructing persistent idiosyncratic beliefs, myths, narratives, silences, and constraints. It focuses on migrants from diverse geographical (Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Brazil, Bangladesh and China) and cultural backgrounds in Portugal, Spain and Italy. It also includes reflections on Madagascar, East-Timor and Cuba. The thirteen chapters divided into four parts provide insights into epistemological issues, the trans-national circulation of bodies, spirits and rituals, migration, the placing of the dead and diverse funerary practices and perspectives. Privileging a multidisciplinary and multi-sited approach to death and migrations, this book draws on oral, archival and published sources to give visibility to populations that often live in liminar structural positions and transient worlds. By exploring the multifaceted dimensions of death and suffering among immigrant populations, the present volume refocuses the debate on migration in Europe and beyond by highlighting under-researched issues such as the end of life care, mental health, death, burial, cremation, funerary ceremonies and symbols, and martyrdom. Finally, it reveals the complex processes that connect notions of the “good” and “bad” death and burial, and notions regarding home and belonging in contexts of trans-national mobility.
Cosmopolitanism in the Portuguese-Speaking World, ed. Francisco Bethencourt (Leiden: Brill, 2017) , 2017
The present chapter discusses the impact of global economic change on the way of life of female a... more The present chapter discusses the impact of global economic change on the way of life of female and male actors, and groups, involved in trans-Atlantic and intra-African commerce from an anthropological and socio-historical perspective. It focuses on these interactions against the background of economic, social and cultural transformations taking place in areas of Portuguese presence in Africa. The notion of cosmopolitanism is applied here to particular dynamics of the colonial encounter in which free African women - whether or not with male collaboration - were to operate in a decidedly trans-cultural and trans-regional fashion. Operating beyond the confines of ‘national’ or ‘imperial’ considerations, they developed cosmopolitan lifestyles in the tropics, skillfully exploring the opportunities offered by agency, alliance and relatedness and thereby illustrating the fluidity of spatial and social boundaries.
in: João José Reis e Carlos Silva Jr (orgs), Atlântico de dor: faces do tráfico de escravos (Cachoeira: UFRB /Belo Horizonte: Fino Traço, 2016): 403-443, 2016
Procura-se neste capítulo analisar as mudanças nos papeis protagonizados por mulheres africanas n... more Procura-se neste capítulo analisar as mudanças nos papeis protagonizados por mulheres africanas nas redes de comércio na região da África Ocidental contra o pano de fundo do tráfico transatlântico entre o século XVII e XIX. A produção historiográfica sobre a Costa da Guiné pela ótica de gênero e parentesco é aqui examinado, ancorado num perspectiva antropologica, estabelendo comparações temporais quanto a interação e do intercâmbio entre sociedades Africanas e redes atlânticas. Com base numa leitura de fontes arquivísticos e bibliográficas, o capítulo se centra em estudos de caso de figuras femininas chaves em épocas distintas para documentar as dinâmicas económicos, sociais e culturais que desenvolveram na região.
In 2004, a conference was held at King’s College London to commemorate the centenary of the birth... more In 2004, a conference was held at King’s College London to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Charles Boxer. The theme of the conference was the development of the culturally mixed ‘Portuguese’ societies in Asia, Africa and America, which reflected Boxer’s own interest in the social history of Portugal’s overseas empire. Although the conference papers were published by Bristol University, this volume is long out of print and the outstanding quality of many of the contributions has made it necessary for this collection to be republished. Portuguese overseas expansion over a period of five centuries led to the formation of many mixed or creole communities which drew culturally not only on Portugal, but also on indigenous societies. This cross-cultural interaction gave rise to a creole ‘Portuguese’ identity that in many cases outlasted the formal empire itself. Reflecting upon the main tenets of Boxer’s work, the collection provides a broad geographical perspective upon areas of Portuguese presence in Guinea, Cape Verde, Angola, São Tomé, Brazil and Goa. The chapters cover a wide range of social strata, including plantation slave and maroon communities, private settler-traders and pirates, indigenous trade-diasporas, Luso-African, Luso-Brazilian and Afro-Brazilian groups, as well as the formation of Creole elites against the background of shifting racial, gender, ethnic, linguistic and religious boundaries. As such, this collection represents an exercise in ‘subaltern’ history which shows that the informal social relations were often more important in the long term than the formal structures of empire.
This book addresses a notable gap in the knowledge of Portuguese colonial administration and the ... more This book addresses a notable gap in the knowledge of Portuguese colonial administration and the policies implemented in the main territories of its “third” African empire: Angola, Mozambique and Guinea. In recent years, the question of colonial taxation has become a topic in the academic debate on colonial empires and has led to a comparative, long-term focus on its impact in African societies. Given that former Portuguese colonies in Africa have been largely absent from this debate, this book offers new perspectives on taxation and colonial rule, and the first detailed and comprehensive study of fiscal administration. Besides dealing with the economic and financial aspects of empire, the book interprets the social experience of African populations through their interaction with colonial institutions. Based on a thorough and probing qualitative and quantitative analysis of published and unpublished data, it places taxation in a broad social context for the period between the full military control of the territories and the end of WW II. Thus, whilst engaging with ongoing debates on comparative African economic and political history, the book provides a key contribution to research on African social change.
Este livro, o primeiro da série “Orlando Ribeiro – Cadernos de Campo”, é uma edição crítica do c... more Este livro, o primeiro da série “Orlando Ribeiro – Cadernos de Campo”, é uma edição crítica do caderno de campo de uma missão à Guiné realizada em 1947 por Orlando Ribeiro, cujo centenário se comemorou em 2011. Esta publicação que iniciará uma série com os cadernos de campo inéditos do famoso geórgrafo português, contém o caderno de campo do autor, facsimilada e anotada, produzido durante duas missões na Guiné Portuguesa no ano de 1947. O volume também reproduz dois textos do autor publicados em 1950 baseada nos dados recolhidos durante a sua missão, e uma série de fotografias tiradas no terreno pelo autor. Vários textos redigidos pela Suzanne Daveau e Philip Havik acompanham os escritos de Orlando Ribeiro, e permitem conhecer melhor a organização da missão e o trabalho campo feito por este num território então ainda pouco conhecido.
Resumo: A ideia para a constituição desta obra partiu do grupo de investigadores das áreas de his... more Resumo: A ideia para a constituição desta obra partiu do grupo de investigadores das áreas de história e da antropologia que constituía o núcleo do Programa Sociedades e Culturas Tropicais do Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, no ano de 2006, para homenagear a professora Jill Dias enquanto directora do Centro de Estudos Africanos e Asiáticos (CEAA) daquela instituição desde 1986, e do programa que lhe sucedeu, acima referido. As contribuições deste volume revelam o fruto de investigações, empreendidas devido ao apoio, confiança, investimento e incentivo de alguém que se encontrava entre nós e com quem podíamos contar a cada momento. Infelizmente Jill Dias faleceu em Abril de 2008, sem assistir à edição do volume que agora se apresenta, e cuja diferenciação e riqueza temática se revelam um verdadeiro espelho dos empenhos em que a homenageada se desdobrava, numa energia fulgurante. Os editores decidiram pois conservar o cariz inicial do projecto e que é a sua razão de ser: um volume que remete para o tempo em que foi concebido, com Jill Dias presente e actuante, com todo o seu dinamismo.
Abstract: The idea for publishing this volume originated in 2006 among a group of researchers in history and anthropology which formed the nucleus of the Programme Tropical Societies and Cultures of the Institute for Scientific Research in the Tropics (IICT), in honour of prof. Jill Dias as director of the Centre for African and Asian Studies of the IIC since 1986 e coordinator of the above mentioned programme. The contributions included in this volume are the result of research undertakne ith the support, trust, investment and incentive from a colleague who could be called upon at any moment. Unfortunately, Jill Dias died in April 2008, without being able to presence the publication of the present volume, whose great thematic diversity reflect the multidisciplinary involvement, boundless energy and great dedication shown by the person we honour here. The editors decided to maintain the original character of the project which is its reason to be: a reader which consigns the reader to the moment when it was conceived, with a present and active Jill Dias with all her buoyancy and inspiration.
The current study aims to provide novel insights into the changes in gendered patterns of trade i... more The current study aims to provide novel insights into the changes in gendered patterns of trade in the Guinea-Bissau region from the mid fifteenth to the early twentieth centuries. Based upon archival and oral research it focuses on the remarkable roles played by women and the considerable scope for initiative they acquired as intermediaries in the context of Afro-Atlantic exchange in the region. In order to provide a comparative chronological framework, it centres on crucial periods of economic and social change in the seventeenth and the nineteenth century. The study looks at the economic and political changes in the 1600s when as result of increasing competition between European nations for a share in the slave trade coastal intermediaries carved out a niche for themselves in trade networks. But it also covers the period of transition from slave to crop trade in the nineteenth century and the implications of scramble for Africa for coastal trading communities. In both epochs women in trade settlements succeeded in significantly extending their autonomy by exploiting their role as cultural brokers. This phenomenon clearly merits a closer look at representations of women brokers and -traders and the shifts that occurred over time. However, so far little attention has been paid to their roles in the region. The present study wishes to provide an answer to the question why and how women were able to play such an autonomous role in Afro-Atlantic trade networks. In order to do so it identifies the mechanisms that supported and drove mediation in the region and women’s participation in it, while situating developments in the Guinea-Bissau region within the wider West African context.
The 6th AU-EU Summit presented a joint vision for a renewed inter-regional partnership with a st... more The 6th AU-EU Summit presented a joint vision for a renewed inter-regional partnership with a strong emphasis on public health. With the COVID-19 pandemic as its backdrop, a common health agenda was agreed which pledged support for Africa’s fully-fledged health sovereignty. Different packages contemplated technical assistance and funding for improving health governance, infrastructures, human resources, health information and regulation, whilst ensuring vaccine dose sharing. This article looks at EU’s inter-regional health diplomacy and its ambition to shape African institutions, and the African Medicines Agency in particular. It addresses strategic considerations, comparing EU and AU models, regulatory policies, and their implementation, while considering the broader implications for African health sovereignty.
Vozes do Povo: Sociedade, Política e Opinião Pública na Guiné-Bissau, 2024
O inquérito Vozes do Povo sobre a opinião pública na Guiné-Bissau expõe uma importante disjunção ... more O inquérito Vozes do Povo sobre a opinião pública na Guiné-Bissau expõe uma importante disjunção nas atitudes populares perante as instituições nacionais e locais. Os resultados são dramáticos em muitos aspetos, pois colocam em questão a legitimidade política do próprio Estado enquanto, ao mesmo tempo, assinalam a proximidade de instituições locais e a dinâmica da sociedade civil em geral. Este capítulo inclui quatro secções. A primeira reconstrui a trajetória política complexa e heterogénea do país, desde a independência, seguida por uma análise das tendências que emanam da pesquisa comparativa entre a Guiné-Bissau e outros países da África Ocidental, com base nos dados da pesquisa Vozes do Povo e do Afrobarometer. A seguir, examina os dados qualitativos que emergiram de discussões de grupos focais realizadas em diferentes partes do país. As conclusões avaliam as formas potenciais de diminuir o fosso Estado-sociedade na Guiné-Bissau. Apesar de se verificar uma profunda desconfiança nas instituições públicas e nos atores políticos - com uma exceção para as Forças Armadas - também realça a notável vontade de mudança e confiança nas suas “próprias” organizações e lideranças comunitárias.
The historiography of modalities and trajectories of human mobility has engaged with imperial and... more The historiography of modalities and trajectories of human mobility has engaged with imperial and postcolonial perspectives, highlighting the erstwhile and lingering connections between the former colonies and their European metropoles. Areas of former Portuguese presence in Africa are no exception to the rule. This special issue places coerced and voluntary migrations, and the socioeconomic, political, and cultural connections that emerged over time in a long-term regional African perspective. This publication brings together contributions on micro-and mesohistories of South-South migrations and diasporas with an emphasis on population movements, narratives, identities, and practices in empire and the post-colony.
The twin phenomena of the formation of Creole strata and societies and cultural creolization have... more The twin phenomena of the formation of Creole strata and societies and cultural creolization have dominated debates on the uniqueness of Caribbean contexts and universalist notions of cross-cultural interaction at a global level. These analytical threads are integrated into a study of processes of creolization and acculturation in their multiple forms in areas of (former) Portuguese presence in West Africa. Deeply entangled with four centuries of the Atlantic slave trade and the rise and fall of the colonial state, the remarkable diversity of cross-cultural encounters in empire is addressed here for Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Angola.
Background Understanding health delivery service from a patient´s perspective, including factors ... more Background Understanding health delivery service from a patient´s perspective, including factors influencing healthcare seeking behaviour, is crucial when treating diseases, particularly infectious ones, like tuberculosis. This study aims to trace and contextualise the trajectories patients pursued towards diagnosis and treatment, while discussing key factors associated with treatment delays. Tuberculosis patients' pathways may serve as indicator of the difficulties the more vulnerable sections of society experience in obtaining adequate care.
International Journal of Enviromental Research and Public Health, 2022
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease associated with poverty. In the European Union TB tend... more Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease associated with poverty. In the European Union TB tends to concentrate in urban settings. In Lisbon, previous studies revealed, the presence of migrant populations from a high endemic country, is one of the risk factors contributing to TB. To better understand TB in foreign-born individuals in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, a mixed-method case study was undertaken on a TB treatment centre in a high-risk part of urban Portugal. Quantitatively, annual TB cases were analysed from 2008 to 2018, dividing foreign-origin cases into recent migrants and long-term migrants. Qualitatively, we explored recent migrants' reasons, experiences and perceptions associated with the disease. Our results showed that foreign-born individuals accounted for 45.7% of cases, mainly originated from Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Cabo Verde. TB in recent migrants increased over the years for Angola and Guinea-Bissau, while for Cabo Verde TB cases were due to migrants residing in Portugal for more than 2 years. Recent migrants' reasons to travel to Portugal were to study, to live and work, tourism, and seeking better healthcare. Visiting family and friends, historical links and common language were key drivers for the choice of country. Recent migrants and long-term migrants may present distinct background profiles associated with diagnosed TB.
In Mozambique (South-eastern Africa), Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. are important staple food... more In Mozambique (South-eastern Africa), Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. are important staple foods and a major source of dietary protein for local populations, particularly for people living in rural areas who lack the financial capacity to include meat in their daily dietary options. This study focuses on the potential for improving diets with locally produced nutritious legumes whilst increasing food security and income generation among smallholder farmers. Using bean species and varieties commercialised as dry legumes in the country, it sets out to characterize and compare the chemical properties of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna spp. among the most commercialised dry legume groups in Mozambique. The principal component analysis showed a clear separation between Phaseolus and Vigna species in terms of proximate composition, whereas protein content was quite uniform in both groups. It concludes that the introduction of improved cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna species maize–legume intercropping benefits yield, diets and increases household income with limited and low-cost inputs while enhancing the resilience of smallholder farmers in vulnerable production systems affected by recurrent drought and the supply of legumes to urban informal markets.
Background: The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDS disease burden and h... more Background: The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDS disease burden and has experienced political instability in the recent past. Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key stakeholders’ perceptions of the effects of chronic political instability on the HIV/AIDS response in Guinea-Bissau from 2000 to 2015 and lessons learned for overcoming them. Methods: Seventeen semi-structured in-depth key informant interviews were conducted in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau in 2018. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, coded thematically, and analyzed inductively. Results: Four themes emerged: (1) constantly start over; (2) the effects of instability rippling from central level throughout the health pyramid; (3) vulnerable populations becoming more vulnerable; and (4) coping mechanisms. Conclusions: Stakeholders from government, civil society, and donor organizations have recognized instability’s effects as a barrier to mounting an effective local response to HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau. To mitigate the effects of the country’s political instability on the health sector, concerted efforts should be made to strengthen the capacities of health officials within the Ministry of Health to shield them from the effects of the country’s political instability.
This chapter analyses developments with respect to public health service reforms in Angola and Mo... more This chapter analyses developments with respect to public health service reforms in Angola and Mozambique during late colonialism, tracing the evolution of policies and practices with respect to the auxiliary health workforce from 1945 to the early 1970s, during a period of great political change and turmoil in sub-Saharan Africa. It first looks at the expansion of health services in Portugal’s African colonies, the policy changes as successive health reforms were introduced, and their implications for the health workforce. It also engages with gendered aspects of the training and recruitment of local health personnel, and the politico-ideological and international dimensions of these processes, as well as focusing on the organisation and curricular programming of professional training facilities in Angola and Mozambique. The chapter concludes with an analysis of professional training and recruitment of health workers at the end of empire when these territories and their populations were enveloped in protracted armed conflict.
Background: The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDS disease burden and h... more Background: The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDS disease burden and has experienced political instability in the recent past. Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key stakeholders’ perceptions of the effects of chronic political instability on the HIV/AIDS response in Guinea-Bissau from 2000 to 2015 and lessons learned for overcoming them. Methods: Seventeen semi-structured in-depth key informant interviews were conducted in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau in 2018. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, coded thematically, and analyzed inductively. Results: Four themes emerged: (1) constantly start over; (2) the effects of instability rippling from central level throughout the health pyramid; (3) vulnerable populations becoming more vulnerable; and (4) coping mechanisms. Conclusions: Stakeholders from government, civil society, and donor organizations have recognized instability’s effects as a barrier to mounting an effective local response to HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau. To mitigate the effects of the country’s political instability on the health sector, concerted efforts should be made to strengthen the capacities of health officials within the Ministry of Health to shield them from the effects of the country’s political instability. Keywords: Guinea-Bissau, HIV/AIDS, Political instability, Governance, Global health, Qualitative health research
Anais do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical , 2021
Resumo:
Com o crescimento exponencial de viagens ao nível global durante as úl-timas décadas, a ... more Resumo: Com o crescimento exponencial de viagens ao nível global durante as úl-timas décadas, a saúde do viajante tornou-se uma questão premente. O turismo internacional, as deslocações profissionais e os fluxos migratórios contribuíram para este fenómeno, que centrou as atenções de organiza-ções internacionais e autoridades nacionais nos riscos associados à propa-gação de doenças infeciosas. As preocupações crescentes acerca da trans-missão de doenças emergentes e reemergentes, conferiu uma visibilidade global à medicina do viajante e impõem a definição de padrões de qualida-de na atenção à saúde deste grupo de indivíduos O presente estudo visou obter um consenso alargado sobre os critérios de avaliação de qualidade para o aconselhamento de pré-viagem entre médicos em Portugal e Brasil baseado no método Delphi, utilizando critérios internacionais e estudos científicos como referência. Integrando os critérios consensuais obtidos no estudo, o nosso modelo identifica diferenças nos critérios de qualidade entre os dois grupos de peritos. Contudo, estes destacaram a importância dada a recursos humanos qualificados, a qualidade de informação para viajantes e profissionais de saúde, procedimentos estandardizados e ao diagnóstico em tempo útil. Os casos de Portugal e Brasil demonstram a importância de realizar mais estudos sobre a qualidade de consultas pré-e pós-viagem ao nível nacional e transnacional.
Palavras-chave: Medicina das viagens, Delphi, avaliação de qualidade, consultas pre-via-gem, Portugal, Brasil.
Abstract: With the exponential growth of international travel over the last decades , the question of travellers' health has taken on a crucial importance. International tourism, occupational travel and migratory fluxes have all contributed to this phenomenon which has drawn the attention of international organizations and national authorities on the risks associated with the spread of infectious diseases. The increasing concerns over emerging and re-emerging diseases has raised the global profile of travel medicine, urging the setting of quality standards in clinical practice and service delivery to travellers. The present study aimed to obtain a broad consensus on quality assessment criteria for pre-travel advice among practitioners in Portugal and Brazil based upon the Delphi method, using international criteria and standards and scientific studies as benchmarks. Our proposed model which integrates the consensual criteria obtained in our study, identified differences in quality criteria between the two expert groups. Nevertheless, they did highlight the importance attributed to qualified human resources, the quality of information for travelers and health professionals, and timely diagnosis, amongst others. The cases of Portugal and Brazil discussed here, underscore the need for more studies on the quality of pre-and post-travel consultations at national and transnational level.
Keywords: Travel medicine, Delphi, quality assessment, pre-travel consultations, Portugal, Brazil
The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 2021
This article discusses the emergence, organisation, interaction and evolution of regional bodies ... more This article discusses the emergence, organisation, interaction and evolution of regional bodies responsible for cooperation in health in sub-Saharan Africa from the late 1940s to the mid-1960s. Focusing on Portugal’s underresearched role in the CCTA and the WHO’s regional office (AFRO), it addresses the issue of health diplomacy and
inter-regional cooperation during a period of significant political change on the African continent. Drawing from a great variety of published and archival sources, it provides an overview of the strategies pursued by Portugal and other colonial powers with regard to trans-national and regional cooperation in health, against the background of the complex interplay of regional interests and overlapping membership of CCTA and AFRO. It shows how the tensions between constructive international and regional engagement on the one hand and colonial sovereignty and legitimacy on the other played out and shifted over time in the African region. In addition, it discusses Portugal’s health diplomacy against the background of the membership of newly independent African countries of CCTA and AFRO, and its refusal to decolonise, eventually precipitated the country’s suspension from WHO-AFRO and all technical cooperation in 1966.
Tracing the pathways of cooperation in health in sub-Saharan Africa from hesitant exchanges to in... more Tracing the pathways of cooperation in health in sub-Saharan Africa from hesitant exchanges to institutionalized dimensions from the 1920s to the early 1960s, this article addresses regional dynamics in health diplomacy which have so far been under-researched. The evolution thereof from early beginnings with the League of Nations Health Organization to the Commission for Technical Assistance South of the Sahara and the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa, shows how bilateral dimensions were superseded by WHO’s multilateral model of regional cooperation in health. Alignments, divergences, and outcomes are explored with respect to the strategies and policies pursued by colonial powers and independent African states regarding inter-regional relations, and their implications for public health and epidemiological interventions.
Hugo Dores; Ana Filipa Guardião, Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo, José Pedro Monteiro, Os Impérios do Internacional: perspectivas, genealogias e processos (Lisboa: Almedina, 2020): 297-326, 2020
Na fase pós-1945, a assistência técnica surge como a resposta das agências internacionais e de re... more Na fase pós-1945, a assistência técnica surge como a resposta das agências internacionais e de regimes coloniais aos problemas de «sub-desenvolvimento» de territórios vários, muitos dos quais ainda integrados nos espaços imperiais. A Comissão de Cooperação Técnica na África a Sul do Saara (CCTA) foi criada em 1950 para condicionar e controlar a acção de agências especializadas da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) na África sub-Saariana. A CCTA antecipou o estabelicimento do AFRO, o bureau regional da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) para a região africana em 1952. O Reino Unido, a França, a Bélgica e Portugal pretenderam reforçar a defesa da sua legitimidade imperial, e condicionar a ação do AFRO na área da saúde nos respectivos espaços africanos sob o seu domínio. Este capítulo procura recuperar e contextualizar alguns episódios da história da diplomacia de saúde no quadro da integração internacional e regional do império colonial português em matéria de saúde pública e epidemiologia. Primeiro, pretende reconstituir a interacção do império português e seus representantes com agências tal como a OMS, o AFRO, e a CCTA, e num segundo momento demonstrar, através de dois estudos de caso no âmbito de projectos de cooperação médica inter-territorial - sobre a malária e a doença do sono - as vicissitudes da diplomacia portuguesa no âmbito da saúde na região africana.
Selma Pantoja (ed.) Entre Áfricas e Brasis (Brasília: Paralelo 15 Editores, 2001): 13-34, 2001
Através de uma leitura antropológica de fontes históricos sobre a Costa da Guiné, pretende-se foc... more Através de uma leitura antropológica de fontes históricos sobre a Costa da Guiné, pretende-se focar o papel de mulheres africanas livres numa época de grandes transformações socias e culturais no que diz respeito ao tráfico de escravos. Seguindo as pistas de uma destas mulheres, a Bibiana Vaz, que actuava como comerciante mas também teve intervenção política, surge a relevância destas figuras para melhor entender as relações de género no quadro das comunidades afro-atlânticas. A liderança política que mulheres como Bibiana Vaz assumiram contra tentativas das autoridades Portuguesas de limitar a influência destas comunidades, ilustram bem as mudanças nas relações de poder em curso e o crescente margem de manobra que as linhagens principais na região.
Propomos uma viagem pelas memórias daqueles que viveram a realidade de 25 anos de Política Nacion... more Propomos uma viagem pelas memórias daqueles que viveram a realidade de 25 anos de Política Nacional de Saúde num Estado que apesar de frágil tem claramente definidas uma visão da saúde: “um sistema de saúde cada vez mais eficiente, eficaz e financeiramente sustentável, com um crescente envolvimento de diferentes sectores e responsabilização pelo Governo, profissionais e cidadãos”. Para tal, fazemos uma análise longitudinal de sucessivos exercícios de planeamento (PNDS I, II e III) e avaliação da sua implementação (do PNDS I e II), além de 13 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com atores-chave nestes processos na Guiné Bissau. Este estudo tem um duplo intuito: partilhar as experiências destes atores-chave e do conteúdo dos planos e avaliações feitas enquadrando-os na especificidade do país, e guardar memória destes processos como trilhos de um passado que ajuda a escolher caminhos futuros.
Memórias de um Explorador: a colecção Henrique Dias de Carvalho na Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, 2012
A curta permanência de Henrique Dias de Carvalho na Guiné nos finais do século XIX, resultou num ... more A curta permanência de Henrique Dias de Carvalho na Guiné nos finais do século XIX, resultou num conjunto de apontamentos que foram doados pela família, junto com o seu espólio, à Agência Geral das Colónias e publicados em 1944. Estes deveriam ter servido de base para um estudo de maior amplitude que o explorador nunca chegou a elaborar, por se ter desvinculado do projecto inicial da companhia de capitais privados. Apesar de não ter a abrangência dos seus escritos sobre Angola, estes apontamentos revelam uma notável capacidade de observação de um militar bastante experimentado no reconhecimento do interior africano, ao tempo ainda pouco atravessado por viajantes Ocidentais. Para além das suas deslocações pelo território e de ter feito uma alguma pesquisa da literatura publicada, Dias de Carvalho também recolheu vários testemunhos orais na Guiné, referidos mas nem sempre identificados no seu opúsculo, que enriqueceram a narrativa sobre uma colónia largamente desconhecida na metrópole. Tomando em conta a época em que permaneceu na Guiné, quando estavam em curso campanhas militares que visavam a sua ocupação de facto, o seu olhar crítico é valioso para conhecer melhor a geografia, a agricultura e as sociedades africanas em mudança deste então pouco conhecido ‘canto do império’.
The present biographical sketch focuses on the career of Jill R. Dias (West Bromwich, 1944 - Lisb... more The present biographical sketch focuses on the career of Jill R. Dias (West Bromwich, 1944 - Lisbon, 2008) who taught African History and Anthropology at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (FCSH) of the Universidade Nova in Lisbon from 1982 onwards. Throughout her career she maintained a strong relationship with her students and introduced innovative approaches to teaching and research on African history, economic and social history, the history of anthropology, the anthropology of development, and colonialism and post-colonialism. She was a pioneer of the introduction of African Studies in Portugal, with a strong focus on Portuguese speaking African countries. Her inter- and trans-disciplinary perspective contributed to breaking down traditional academic barriers and challenged students and colleagues alike to broaden their horizons. Her work on Angola centering upon the slave trade, colonial expansion, its impact and above all the agency of African societies, which was based upon the use of a wide range of sources represents a key marker in African Studies.
The Workshop on the History of Tropical Medicine will be held at the Institute of Hygiene and Tro... more The Workshop on the History of Tropical Medicine will be held at the Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT-UNL) of the Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, in Lisbon on 14 & 15 December 2017, forming part of the celebrations of the 115 anniversary of the IHMT. We look forward to multi/trans-disciplinary as well as comparative perspectives on the historiography of tropical medicine, and welcome PhD and post-doc researchers to submit their contributions.
For more information please check the following link:
Panel T054: "In the meshes of scientific knowledge: empires, knowledge and professionalization". ... more Panel T054: "In the meshes of scientific knowledge: empires, knowledge and professionalization". Abstract: "The issue of the practice of a networked science is a central topic in the field of the history of science and when studying related research projects. From the late 19th century, the modernization of some peripheral societies has benefited from the increasingly important inter-imperial knowledge flows, mainly in the context of supranational organizations, such as the League of Nations, and also of bilateral cooperation agreements. In areas as diverse as law, economics, engineering, education, health or other then emerging sciences, these networks would later arise as discussion forums joining specialists, although not disregarding the need for political and administrative representatives of their several countries. These “epistemic communities” were further characterized by “imperial tensions” inspired by nationalist and protectionist ideas, but also by personal protagonism, while scientific professionalization and specialization began to create divisions which often created barriers to the peer-to-peer dynamics. This panel intends to discuss the features of the circulation and exchange of scientific knowledge in the context of various national and imperial spaces. Proposals are accepted regarding this subject, from a multidisciplinary and compared point of view, considering the changes and the debates that took place over time".
Os impérios do internacional: Perspectivas, genealogias e processos (Lisbon: Almedina, 2020), 2020
De que modo é que as diferentes organizações internacionais, das Nações Unidas à UNESCO e à Organ... more De que modo é que as diferentes organizações internacionais, das Nações Unidas à UNESCO e à Organização Mundial de Saúde, assumiram um papel de relevo nos anos finais do colonialismo europeu e nos distintos processos de descolonização? De que forma é que o novo regime global de direitos humanos, crescentemente institucionalizado a partir de 1948, influenciou as lutas pela emancipação colectiva dos povos coloniais ou a forma como os impérios europeus resistiram aos «ventos de mudança»? Qual o papel desempenhado pelos diferentes espaços coloniais na modelação de regimes internacionais de apoio aos refugiados ou de políticas de saúde e combate às endemias? Com novos temas, problemas e geografias, este volume responde a estas e outras questões, desenvolvendo algumas das reflexões que já se encontram em Os Passados do Presente: Internacionalismo, Imperialismo e a Construção do Mundo Contemporâneo (Almedina, 2015) sobre como o internacional e o imperial se relacionaram e se condicionaram mutuamente. Nas suas diversas manifestações, o internacionalismo e o imperialismo foram, em muitos sentidos e de modo decisivo, dois processos históricos que marcaram a história contemporânea. Tendem, todavia, ainda, e com demasiada frequência, a ser pensados separadamente. Uma separação que o olhar historiográfico rigoroso não autoriza. Os Impérios do Internacional acrescenta, naturalmente, novas preocupações e respostas a um campo de estudos que se tem vindo a expandir e fortalecer de forma notável. Com particular ênfase nos impérios coloniais europeus, mas não esquecendo outras formas de projecção imperial, este volume mobiliza diversos tópicos, escrutinados a partir de abordagens historiográficas e metodológicas diversas. Interroga, assim, de modo crítico o século xx e alguns dos seus legados históricos mais notáveis, das persistentes desigualdades raciais, económicas e sociopolíticas à edificação de uma «ordem» global que desde 1945 aos dias que correm, com naturais variações, condiciona a regulação das sociedades e quotidianos contemporâneos.
Uploads
Books by Philip J Havik
The introduction and seven chapters engage with comparative and transnational perspectives on political persecution, forced confinement and colonial rule in British, French, German, Belgian and Portuguese dominions in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. Addressing political incarceration's global imperial dimensions, they focus upon the organisation, strategies, narratives and practices associated with political internment in Africa (Angola, Tanzania, Rhodesia, South Africa), Latin America (French Guyana) and the Pacific region (New Caledonia). Penal legislation, policies of convict transport and political imprisonment, resettlement, prison regimes, resistance and liberation struggles, counter insurgency, prisoner agency, and prisons as cultural spaces and of memory are discussed here for different time periods from the mid-1800s to the late twentieth century. The chapters build upon the ongoing debate on political incarceration in the empire and the remarkable dynamic scientific research witnessed over the last decades. As a result, they provide novel insights into the nature of legal systems, colonial discourse, memory, racial segregation and persecution, prisoners’ narratives of practices of punishment and incarceration, and human rights abuses in imperial spaces.
The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. The editors have also written an original conclusion to the present volume.
compared to other countries in the West Africa region. We conducted a systematic review on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau during the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) period (2000–2015), which dovetailed with a period of chronic political instability in the country’s history. We searched published works on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau for references to chronic political instability. Six databases and the grey literature were searched, informed by expert opinion and manual research through reference tracing. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The search yielded 122 articles about HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau during the MDG years. Biomedical, clinical, or epidemiological research predominated public health research production on HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau in this period. Six articles addressing themes related to chronic political instability, including how political instability has affected the HIV/AIDS disease response, were identified. The results suggest the importance
of considering a broader political epidemiology that accounts for socio-political aspects such as governance, human rights, and community responses into which any national HIV/AIDS response is integrated.
Abstract: The idea for publishing this volume originated in 2006 among a group of researchers in history and anthropology which formed the nucleus of the Programme Tropical Societies and Cultures of the Institute for Scientific Research in the Tropics (IICT), in honour of prof. Jill Dias as director of the Centre for African and Asian Studies of the IIC since 1986 e coordinator of the above mentioned programme. The contributions included in this volume are the result of research undertakne ith the support, trust, investment and incentive from a colleague who could be called upon at any moment. Unfortunately, Jill Dias died in April 2008, without being able to presence the publication of the present volume, whose great thematic diversity reflect the multidisciplinary involvement, boundless energy and great dedication shown by the person we honour here. The editors decided to maintain the original character of the project which is its reason to be: a reader which consigns the reader to the moment when it was conceived, with a present and active Jill Dias with all her buoyancy and inspiration.
Papers by Philip J Havik
The introduction and seven chapters engage with comparative and transnational perspectives on political persecution, forced confinement and colonial rule in British, French, German, Belgian and Portuguese dominions in Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America. Addressing political incarceration's global imperial dimensions, they focus upon the organisation, strategies, narratives and practices associated with political internment in Africa (Angola, Tanzania, Rhodesia, South Africa), Latin America (French Guyana) and the Pacific region (New Caledonia). Penal legislation, policies of convict transport and political imprisonment, resettlement, prison regimes, resistance and liberation struggles, counter insurgency, prisoner agency, and prisons as cultural spaces and of memory are discussed here for different time periods from the mid-1800s to the late twentieth century. The chapters build upon the ongoing debate on political incarceration in the empire and the remarkable dynamic scientific research witnessed over the last decades. As a result, they provide novel insights into the nature of legal systems, colonial discourse, memory, racial segregation and persecution, prisoners’ narratives of practices of punishment and incarceration, and human rights abuses in imperial spaces.
The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. The editors have also written an original conclusion to the present volume.
compared to other countries in the West Africa region. We conducted a systematic review on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau during the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) period (2000–2015), which dovetailed with a period of chronic political instability in the country’s history. We searched published works on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea-Bissau for references to chronic political instability. Six databases and the grey literature were searched, informed by expert opinion and manual research through reference tracing. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The search yielded 122 articles about HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau during the MDG years. Biomedical, clinical, or epidemiological research predominated public health research production on HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau in this period. Six articles addressing themes related to chronic political instability, including how political instability has affected the HIV/AIDS disease response, were identified. The results suggest the importance
of considering a broader political epidemiology that accounts for socio-political aspects such as governance, human rights, and community responses into which any national HIV/AIDS response is integrated.
Abstract: The idea for publishing this volume originated in 2006 among a group of researchers in history and anthropology which formed the nucleus of the Programme Tropical Societies and Cultures of the Institute for Scientific Research in the Tropics (IICT), in honour of prof. Jill Dias as director of the Centre for African and Asian Studies of the IIC since 1986 e coordinator of the above mentioned programme. The contributions included in this volume are the result of research undertakne ith the support, trust, investment and incentive from a colleague who could be called upon at any moment. Unfortunately, Jill Dias died in April 2008, without being able to presence the publication of the present volume, whose great thematic diversity reflect the multidisciplinary involvement, boundless energy and great dedication shown by the person we honour here. The editors decided to maintain the original character of the project which is its reason to be: a reader which consigns the reader to the moment when it was conceived, with a present and active Jill Dias with all her buoyancy and inspiration.
political instability in the recent past. Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key stakeholders’ perceptions of the effects of chronic political instability on the HIV/AIDS response in Guinea-Bissau from 2000 to 2015 and lessons learned for overcoming them.
Methods: Seventeen semi-structured in-depth key informant interviews were conducted in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau in 2018. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, coded thematically, and analyzed inductively.
Results: Four themes emerged: (1) constantly start over; (2) the effects of instability rippling from central level throughout the health pyramid; (3) vulnerable populations becoming more vulnerable; and (4) coping mechanisms.
Conclusions: Stakeholders from government, civil society, and donor organizations have recognized instability’s effects as a barrier to mounting an effective local response to HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau. To mitigate the effects of the country’s political instability on the health sector, concerted efforts should be made to strengthen the capacities of
health officials within the Ministry of Health to shield them from the effects of the country’s political instability.
and lessons learned for overcoming them.
Methods: Seventeen semi-structured in-depth key informant interviews were conducted in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau in 2018. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, coded thematically, and analyzed inductively.
Results: Four themes emerged: (1) constantly start over; (2) the effects of instability rippling from central level throughout the health pyramid; (3) vulnerable populations becoming more vulnerable; and (4) coping mechanisms.
Conclusions: Stakeholders from government, civil society, and donor organizations have recognized instability’s effects as a barrier to mounting an effective local response to HIV/AIDS in Guinea-Bissau. To mitigate the effects of the country’s political instability on the health sector, concerted efforts should be made to strengthen the capacities of
health officials within the Ministry of Health to shield them from the effects of the country’s political instability.
Keywords: Guinea-Bissau, HIV/AIDS, Political instability, Governance, Global health, Qualitative health research
Com o crescimento exponencial de viagens ao nível global durante as úl-timas décadas, a saúde do viajante tornou-se uma questão premente. O turismo internacional, as deslocações profissionais e os fluxos migratórios contribuíram para este fenómeno, que centrou as atenções de organiza-ções internacionais e autoridades nacionais nos riscos associados à propa-gação de doenças infeciosas. As preocupações crescentes acerca da trans-missão de doenças emergentes e reemergentes, conferiu uma visibilidade global à medicina do viajante e impõem a definição de padrões de qualida-de na atenção à saúde deste grupo de indivíduos O presente estudo visou obter um consenso alargado sobre os critérios de avaliação de qualidade para o aconselhamento de pré-viagem entre médicos em Portugal e Brasil baseado no método Delphi, utilizando critérios internacionais e estudos científicos como referência. Integrando os critérios consensuais obtidos no estudo, o nosso modelo identifica diferenças nos critérios de qualidade entre os dois grupos de peritos. Contudo, estes destacaram a importância dada a recursos humanos qualificados, a qualidade de informação para viajantes e profissionais de saúde, procedimentos estandardizados e ao diagnóstico em tempo útil. Os casos de Portugal e Brasil demonstram a importância de realizar mais estudos sobre a qualidade de consultas pré-e pós-viagem ao nível nacional e transnacional.
Palavras-chave: Medicina das viagens, Delphi, avaliação de qualidade, consultas pre-via-gem, Portugal, Brasil.
Abstract:
With the exponential growth of international travel over the last decades , the question of travellers' health has taken on a crucial importance. International tourism, occupational travel and migratory fluxes have all contributed to this phenomenon which has drawn the attention of international organizations and national authorities on the risks associated with the spread of infectious diseases. The increasing concerns over emerging and re-emerging diseases has raised the global profile of travel medicine, urging the setting of quality standards in clinical practice and service delivery to travellers. The present study aimed to obtain a broad consensus on quality assessment criteria for pre-travel advice among practitioners in Portugal and Brazil based upon the Delphi method, using international criteria and standards and scientific studies as benchmarks. Our proposed model which integrates the consensual criteria obtained in our study, identified differences in quality criteria between the two expert groups. Nevertheless, they did highlight the importance attributed to qualified human resources, the quality of information for travelers and health professionals, and timely diagnosis, amongst others. The cases of Portugal and Brazil discussed here, underscore the need for more studies on the quality of pre-and post-travel consultations at national and transnational level.
Keywords:
Travel medicine, Delphi, quality assessment, pre-travel consultations,
Portugal, Brazil
inter-regional cooperation during a period of significant political change on the African continent. Drawing from a great variety of published and archival sources, it provides an overview of the strategies pursued by Portugal and other colonial powers with regard to trans-national and regional cooperation in health, against the background of the complex interplay of regional interests and overlapping membership of CCTA and AFRO. It shows how the tensions between constructive international and regional engagement on the one hand and colonial sovereignty and legitimacy on the other played out and shifted over time in the African region. In addition, it discusses Portugal’s health diplomacy against the background of the membership of newly independent African countries of CCTA and AFRO, and its refusal to decolonise, eventually precipitated the country’s suspension from WHO-AFRO and all technical cooperation in 1966.
Organization to the Commission for Technical Assistance South of the Sahara and the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa, shows how bilateral dimensions were superseded by WHO’s multilateral model of regional cooperation in health. Alignments, divergences, and outcomes are explored with respect to the strategies and policies pursued by colonial powers and independent African states regarding
inter-regional relations, and their implications for public health and
epidemiological interventions.
responsabilização pelo Governo, profissionais e cidadãos”. Para tal, fazemos uma análise longitudinal de sucessivos exercícios de planeamento (PNDS I, II e III) e avaliação da sua implementação (do PNDS I e II), além de 13 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com atores-chave nestes processos na Guiné Bissau. Este estudo tem um duplo intuito: partilhar as experiências destes atores-chave e do conteúdo dos planos e avaliações feitas enquadrando-os na especificidade do país, e guardar memória destes processos como trilhos de um passado que ajuda a escolher caminhos futuros.
de observação de um militar bastante experimentado no reconhecimento do interior africano, ao tempo ainda pouco atravessado por viajantes Ocidentais. Para além das suas deslocações pelo território e de ter feito uma alguma pesquisa da literatura publicada, Dias de Carvalho também recolheu vários testemunhos orais na Guiné, referidos mas nem sempre identificados no seu opúsculo, que enriqueceram a narrativa sobre uma colónia largamente desconhecida na metrópole.
Tomando em conta a época em que permaneceu na Guiné, quando estavam em curso campanhas militares que visavam a sua ocupação de facto, o seu olhar crítico é valioso para conhecer melhor a geografia, a agricultura e as sociedades africanas em mudança deste então pouco conhecido ‘canto do império’.
For more information please check the following link:
http://www.ihmt.unl.pt/en/call-for-papers-workshop-on-the-history-of-tropical-medicine/
Abstract: "The issue of the practice of a networked science is a central topic in the field of the history of science and when studying related research projects. From the late 19th century, the modernization of some peripheral societies has benefited from the increasingly important inter-imperial knowledge flows, mainly in the context of supranational organizations, such as the League of Nations, and also of bilateral cooperation agreements. In areas as diverse as law, economics, engineering, education, health or other then emerging sciences, these networks would later arise as discussion forums joining specialists, although not disregarding the need for political and administrative representatives of their several countries. These “epistemic communities” were further characterized by “imperial tensions” inspired by nationalist and protectionist ideas, but also by personal protagonism, while scientific professionalization and specialization began to create divisions which often created barriers to the peer-to-peer dynamics. This panel intends to discuss the features of the circulation and exchange of scientific knowledge in the context of various national and imperial spaces. Proposals are accepted regarding this subject, from a multidisciplinary and compared point of view, considering the changes and the debates that took place over time".