The Dynamics of Regional Migration Governance, 2019
This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the geographical limits of... more This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the geographical limits of the former Soviet Union (USSR). We briefly describe the development and uniqueness of the Eurasian migration system, analyse the place of Russia in this system and its role in shaping key trends of migration governance in the post-Soviet (Eurasian) space. We show that disintegration of the post-Soviet space was never completed and this has had important consequences for regional migration governance and, hence, it would be more accurate to speak not about regional integration but rather about partial reintegration of this space, including in relation to population movements. Relatedly, we argue that continuous population movements and, specifically, labour migration have become simultaneously a catalyst and a mechanism for such reintegration because of both economic significance of migration for interdependent economies of newly independent states and its social and cultural significance for common history and identity of this region. Most importantly, we examine relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). We argue that the EAEU Treaty has constituted a new supranational model of interaction between several states of the post-Soviet region with unprecedented consequences for regional migration governance since 1991: it has provided conditions for basically unlimited labour migration of EAEU member states’ citizens within the space of the Union and has abolished important organizational boundaries in member states’ welfare systems (Geddes et al., Introduction to this volume). We also identify certain parallels with the European Union (EU) and discuss whether migration governance within the EAEU borrows from EU experience. This chapter is based on analysis of relevant international agreements concluded within the post-Soviet region since 1991, national legislation, and secondary sources. The rest of this chapter is structured in the following way. First, we provide a brief summary of main migration trends within the post-Soviet space. Second, we look at dynamics of regional migration governance both in the Eurasian migration system core (Russia) and beyond, through exploring various formats of inter-state cooperation in this field. Third, we analyse the legal framework of migration governance within one such format – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), assess implementation of the EAEU Treaty, identify outcomes and current challenges of regional migration governance in this format. We conclude with a general reflection on the nature and dynamics of regional migration governance in the Eurasian migration system.
This article examines intra-regional (‘home-grown’) and externally-driven (‘imported’) frameworks... more This article examines intra-regional (‘home-grown’) and externally-driven (‘imported’) frameworks of regional migration governance in post-Soviet Eurasia. It argues that whether regional migration governance originates from internal or external sources makes an important difference. It shows that intra-regional migration governance develops around economic rationality, whereas externally-driven regional migration governance tends to prioritise linkages between migration and security and, albeit less systematically, issues of migrants’ rights. The article demonstrates how intra-regional migration governance started to emerge as part of regional integration processes, becoming institutionalised within organisations such as the Eurasian Economic Union. It also shows how alternative versions of regional migration governance have been promoted by international organisations via, in particular, Regional Consultative Processes. It concludes with a reflection on competition and complementarity between these partially overlapping regimes of regional migration governance in Eurasia.
The Dynamics of Regional Migration Governance (edited by Andrew Geddes, Marcia Vera Espinoza, Leila Hadj Abdou and Leiza Brumat), 2019
This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the former Soviet Union. I... more This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the former Soviet Union. It examines relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It argues that the EAEU Treaty has constituted a new supranational model of interaction between several states of the post-Soviet region with unprecedented consequences for regional migration governance: it has provided conditions for basically unlimited labour migration of EAEU member states’ citizens within the Union and has abolished important organizational boundaries in member states’ welfare systems. The chapter identifies certain parallels with the European Union (EU) and discusses whether migration governance within the EAEU borrows from EU experience. Finally, the chapter argues that migration governance within the EAEU cannot be equated with migration governance at the regional scale comprising the Eurasian migration system. Instead, the EAEU creates one of several partially overlapping sub-regional migration governance regimes within the post-Soviet space.
СОТИС - СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ , 2018
The crisis of the Common European Asylum System in the EU has provoked the adoption of a series o... more The crisis of the Common European Asylum System in the EU has provoked the adoption of a series of exceptional measures (instruments) for efficient governance of forced migration. Based on their comprehensive analysis, this paper shows that for the EU priorities of forced migration governance are shifting to security issues, and extraterritorial control prevails over internal instruments. The paper also emphasizes gradual normalization of temporary and exceptional measures, undermining the EU role of a global human rights actor.
Кризис Общей европейской системы убежища в ЕС спровоцировал принятие серии исключительных мер (инструментов) в целях эффективного управления вынужденной миграцией. Их комплексный анализ позволяет прийти к выводам о том, что в области управления вынужденной миграцией в ЕС приоритетными становятся вопросы безопасности, акценты смещаются в сторону экстерриториального управления, наблюдается постепенная нормализация временных и исключительных мер, при этом сам ЕС утрачивает статус глобального актора в области прав человека.
"The Dynamics of Regional Migration Governance", edited by Andrew Geddes, Marcia Vera Espinoza, Leila Hadj Abdou and Leiza Brumat, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019
This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the geographical limits of... more This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the geographical limits of the former Soviet Union (USSR). We briefly describe the development and uniqueness of the Eurasian migration system, analyse the place of Russia in this system and its role in shaping key trends of migration governance in the post-Soviet (Eurasian) space. We show that disintegration of the post-Soviet space was never completed and this has had important consequences for regional migration governance and, hence, it would be more accurate to speak not about regional integration but rather about partial reintegration of this space, including in relation to population movements. Relatedly, we argue that continuous population movements and, specifically, labour migration have become simultaneously a catalyst and a mechanism for such reintegration because of both economic significance of migration for interdependent economies of newly independent states and its social and cultural significance for common history and identity of this region. Most importantly, we examine relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). We argue that the EAEU Treaty has constituted a new supranational model of interaction between several states of the post-Soviet region with unprecedented consequences for regional migration governance since 1991: it has provided conditions for basically unlimited labour migration of EAEU member states’ citizens within the space of the Union and has abolished important organizational boundaries in member states’ welfare systems (Geddes et al., Introduction to this volume). We also identify certain parallels with the European Union (EU) and discuss whether migration governance within the EAEU borrows from EU experience. This chapter is based on analysis of relevant international agreements concluded within the post-Soviet region since 1991, national legislation, and secondary sources.
The rest of this chapter is structured in the following way. First, we provide a brief summary of main migration trends within the post-Soviet space. Second, we look at dynamics of regional migration governance both in the Eurasian migration system core (Russia) and beyond, through exploring various formats of inter-state cooperation in this field. Third, we analyse the legal framework of migration governance within one such format – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), assess implementation of the EAEU Treaty, identify outcomes and current challenges of regional migration governance in this format. We conclude with a general reflection on the nature and dynamics of regional migration governance in the Eurasian migration system.
Научное обозрение. Серия 1. Экономика и право, 2017
Abstract. This article examines issues of human rights protection arising due to the use of speci... more Abstract. This article examines issues of human rights protection arising due to the use of specific migration management instruments by the European Union (EU). Since the late 1990s, the EU has been developing a set of measures to counter irregular migration, shifting the responsibility to third countries. As a result, a number of fundamental rights enshrined in fundamental human rights treaties, such as the European Convention on Human Rights (ECoHR) and the protocols thereto, come under threat. This paper analyzes case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on the extraterritorial application of human rights provisions in the context of the application of EU migration management tools. The paper concludes that although existing instruments for managing forced migration to the EU formally include human rights safeguards, in practice their goal is to protect the EU borders from growing flows of asylum seekers rather than securing their fundamental rights.
В статье рассматриваются проблемы обеспечения прав человека, возникающие в процессе применения отдельных инструментов миграционного регулирования Европейским Союзом (ЕС). С конца 1990-х годов ЕС развивает комплекс мер, направленных на противодействие нежелательной миграции, смещая часть ответственности на третьи страны. В итоге под угрозой нарушения оказывается целый ряд основных прав, закреплённых в фундаментальных договорах о правах человека, таких как Европейская конвенция о правах человека (ЕКПЧ) и протоколы к ней. В данной работе анализируется практика Европейского суда по правам человека (ЕСПЧ) по экстерриториальному применению положений о правах человека в контексте применения инструментов миграционного регулирования ЕС. Отмечается, что несмотря на то, что существующие инструменты по регулированию вынужденной миграции в ЕС могут быть формально ограничены требованием обеспечения прав человека, на практике они используются для ограничения потока претендентов на убежище, и не направлены на обеспечение их фундаментальных прав.
The article analyzes evolution of the concept of state sovereignty in the context of globalisatio... more The article analyzes evolution of the concept of state sovereignty in the context of globalisation, as well as the impact of the concept of human rights on alteration of the Westphalian understanding of sovereignty. It also deals with the issue of intervention in the internal affairs of the states to assure protection of human rights and analyzes the principle of universality of human rights from both theoretical and applied perspectives.
The article analyzes the etymology and origin of the concept of state sovereignty by dealing with... more The article analyzes the etymology and origin of the concept of state sovereignty by dealing with primary sources which make reference to the term. Special attention is paid to the development of the concept of state sovereignty from an ethical and political category to a legal one. The research covers the period from Ancient Greece and Rome until the beginning of the early Middle Ages with a particular focus on the impact of antique perceptions of sovereignty on further evolution of the concept.
Trafficking in human beings has long been defined as one of the most salient issues for post-Sovi... more Trafficking in human beings has long been defined as one of the most salient issues for post-Soviet countries’ internal security. However disputable the accuracy of the data on human trafficking in the post-Soviet space, most experts agree that massive human trafficking is taking place both within and between the countries of the post-Soviet region, extending beyond regional borders as well. Often being underestimated by the local governments, these problems have attracted attention of international actors - both states (such as the USA, Russia, the UK, Sweden or Japan) and intergovernmental organisations (the EU, OSCE, UNODC, IOM, etc.). Most projects, in one way or another, are positioned as part of regional migration governance and management mechanisms that are being developed by various international bodies. But unlike international migration governance that unfolds in the absence of a global migration regime, international action against human trafficking relies on international regime layers both at global level (provided by the UN Convention and Protocol) and at regional levels - for example in South East Asia or in Europe (the Council of Europe Convention). This said, one still observes divergent approaches of multiple international actors that attempt to be active governors in the field. This concerns both IOs -one may only be surprised to see how various UN bodies try to preserve the anti-human trafficking agenda within their domain, to say nothing about such IOs as IOM - and individual states, with the USA being the most prominent example. This paper asks what instruments the EU deploys in order to establish itself as a noticeable, influential and potentially coordinating actor in this complex environment involving a significant number of other international governors. We do not look at direct bilateral cooperation of the EU with targeted recipient countries that have been identified as key countries of origin and/or transit for human trafficking in the region. Instead, the paper focuses on partnerships that the EU has been building with other international governors tackling this problem in the postSoviet space. We argue that, contrary to the USA mostly using a “stick” in the form of “naming and shaming” as well as sanctions/threat of sanctions linked to a system of indicators, the EU opts for softer approaches involving production and use of knowledge for policy influence through tactical partnerships with other international governors. This has important implications both for its anti-trafficking action and for its wider international governance agenda. Relying on partnerships with other international governors resulting in production and exchange of (perceived as solid and legitimate) expert knowledge leads to mutual reinforcement of the governor function that the EU and its partners have in the field of anti-human trafficking, as well as in other overlapping policy fields.
This article explores the role and place of national human rights institutions in the external po... more This article explores the role and place of national human rights institutions in the external policies of the European Union and analyses some trends in their interactions. We demonstrate an evolution of the EU human rights policy in relations with third countries within the frameworks of the EU development policy and the European Neighbourhood Policy. Particular attention is given to the evaluation of the involvement of national human rights institutions in these relations. Based on a comparative analysis of various EU legal acts regulating EU external relations in the human rights domain, the article concludes that EU policies in this sphere have been gradually diversified and that there is a signifi- cant variance in the degree of interaction between the EU and national human rights institutions in different countries and regions.
This article examines intra-regional ('home-grown') and externallydriven ('imported') frameworks ... more This article examines intra-regional ('home-grown') and externallydriven ('imported') frameworks of regional migration governance in post-Soviet Eurasia. It argues that whether regional migration governance originates from internal or external sources makes an important difference. It shows that intra-regional migration governance develops around economic rationality, whereas externally-driven regional migration governance tends to prioritise linkages between migration and security and, albeit less systematically, issues of migrants' rights. The article demonstrates how intra-regional migration governance started to emerge as part of regional integration processes, becoming institutionalised within organisations such as the Eurasian Economic Union. It also shows how alternative versions of regional migration governance have been promoted by international organisations via, in particular, Regional Consultative Processes. It concludes with a reflection on competition and complementarity between these partially overlapping regimes of regional migration governance in Eurasia.
The Dynamics of Regional Migration Governance, 2019
This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the geographical limits of... more This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the geographical limits of the former Soviet Union (USSR). We briefly describe the development and uniqueness of the Eurasian migration system, analyse the place of Russia in this system and its role in shaping key trends of migration governance in the post-Soviet (Eurasian) space. We show that disintegration of the post-Soviet space was never completed and this has had important consequences for regional migration governance and, hence, it would be more accurate to speak not about regional integration but rather about partial reintegration of this space, including in relation to population movements. Relatedly, we argue that continuous population movements and, specifically, labour migration have become simultaneously a catalyst and a mechanism for such reintegration because of both economic significance of migration for interdependent economies of newly independent states and its social and cultural significance for common history and identity of this region. Most importantly, we examine relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). We argue that the EAEU Treaty has constituted a new supranational model of interaction between several states of the post-Soviet region with unprecedented consequences for regional migration governance since 1991: it has provided conditions for basically unlimited labour migration of EAEU member states’ citizens within the space of the Union and has abolished important organizational boundaries in member states’ welfare systems (Geddes et al., Introduction to this volume). We also identify certain parallels with the European Union (EU) and discuss whether migration governance within the EAEU borrows from EU experience. This chapter is based on analysis of relevant international agreements concluded within the post-Soviet region since 1991, national legislation, and secondary sources. The rest of this chapter is structured in the following way. First, we provide a brief summary of main migration trends within the post-Soviet space. Second, we look at dynamics of regional migration governance both in the Eurasian migration system core (Russia) and beyond, through exploring various formats of inter-state cooperation in this field. Third, we analyse the legal framework of migration governance within one such format – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), assess implementation of the EAEU Treaty, identify outcomes and current challenges of regional migration governance in this format. We conclude with a general reflection on the nature and dynamics of regional migration governance in the Eurasian migration system.
This article examines intra-regional (‘home-grown’) and externally-driven (‘imported’) frameworks... more This article examines intra-regional (‘home-grown’) and externally-driven (‘imported’) frameworks of regional migration governance in post-Soviet Eurasia. It argues that whether regional migration governance originates from internal or external sources makes an important difference. It shows that intra-regional migration governance develops around economic rationality, whereas externally-driven regional migration governance tends to prioritise linkages between migration and security and, albeit less systematically, issues of migrants’ rights. The article demonstrates how intra-regional migration governance started to emerge as part of regional integration processes, becoming institutionalised within organisations such as the Eurasian Economic Union. It also shows how alternative versions of regional migration governance have been promoted by international organisations via, in particular, Regional Consultative Processes. It concludes with a reflection on competition and complementarity between these partially overlapping regimes of regional migration governance in Eurasia.
The Dynamics of Regional Migration Governance (edited by Andrew Geddes, Marcia Vera Espinoza, Leila Hadj Abdou and Leiza Brumat), 2019
This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the former Soviet Union. I... more This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the former Soviet Union. It examines relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). It argues that the EAEU Treaty has constituted a new supranational model of interaction between several states of the post-Soviet region with unprecedented consequences for regional migration governance: it has provided conditions for basically unlimited labour migration of EAEU member states’ citizens within the Union and has abolished important organizational boundaries in member states’ welfare systems. The chapter identifies certain parallels with the European Union (EU) and discusses whether migration governance within the EAEU borrows from EU experience. Finally, the chapter argues that migration governance within the EAEU cannot be equated with migration governance at the regional scale comprising the Eurasian migration system. Instead, the EAEU creates one of several partially overlapping sub-regional migration governance regimes within the post-Soviet space.
СОТИС - СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ , 2018
The crisis of the Common European Asylum System in the EU has provoked the adoption of a series o... more The crisis of the Common European Asylum System in the EU has provoked the adoption of a series of exceptional measures (instruments) for efficient governance of forced migration. Based on their comprehensive analysis, this paper shows that for the EU priorities of forced migration governance are shifting to security issues, and extraterritorial control prevails over internal instruments. The paper also emphasizes gradual normalization of temporary and exceptional measures, undermining the EU role of a global human rights actor.
Кризис Общей европейской системы убежища в ЕС спровоцировал принятие серии исключительных мер (инструментов) в целях эффективного управления вынужденной миграцией. Их комплексный анализ позволяет прийти к выводам о том, что в области управления вынужденной миграцией в ЕС приоритетными становятся вопросы безопасности, акценты смещаются в сторону экстерриториального управления, наблюдается постепенная нормализация временных и исключительных мер, при этом сам ЕС утрачивает статус глобального актора в области прав человека.
"The Dynamics of Regional Migration Governance", edited by Andrew Geddes, Marcia Vera Espinoza, Leila Hadj Abdou and Leiza Brumat, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019
This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the geographical limits of... more This chapter explores dynamics of regional migration governance within the geographical limits of the former Soviet Union (USSR). We briefly describe the development and uniqueness of the Eurasian migration system, analyse the place of Russia in this system and its role in shaping key trends of migration governance in the post-Soviet (Eurasian) space. We show that disintegration of the post-Soviet space was never completed and this has had important consequences for regional migration governance and, hence, it would be more accurate to speak not about regional integration but rather about partial reintegration of this space, including in relation to population movements. Relatedly, we argue that continuous population movements and, specifically, labour migration have become simultaneously a catalyst and a mechanism for such reintegration because of both economic significance of migration for interdependent economies of newly independent states and its social and cultural significance for common history and identity of this region. Most importantly, we examine relevant processes of inter-state cooperation and regional integration leading to the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). We argue that the EAEU Treaty has constituted a new supranational model of interaction between several states of the post-Soviet region with unprecedented consequences for regional migration governance since 1991: it has provided conditions for basically unlimited labour migration of EAEU member states’ citizens within the space of the Union and has abolished important organizational boundaries in member states’ welfare systems (Geddes et al., Introduction to this volume). We also identify certain parallels with the European Union (EU) and discuss whether migration governance within the EAEU borrows from EU experience. This chapter is based on analysis of relevant international agreements concluded within the post-Soviet region since 1991, national legislation, and secondary sources.
The rest of this chapter is structured in the following way. First, we provide a brief summary of main migration trends within the post-Soviet space. Second, we look at dynamics of regional migration governance both in the Eurasian migration system core (Russia) and beyond, through exploring various formats of inter-state cooperation in this field. Third, we analyse the legal framework of migration governance within one such format – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), assess implementation of the EAEU Treaty, identify outcomes and current challenges of regional migration governance in this format. We conclude with a general reflection on the nature and dynamics of regional migration governance in the Eurasian migration system.
Научное обозрение. Серия 1. Экономика и право, 2017
Abstract. This article examines issues of human rights protection arising due to the use of speci... more Abstract. This article examines issues of human rights protection arising due to the use of specific migration management instruments by the European Union (EU). Since the late 1990s, the EU has been developing a set of measures to counter irregular migration, shifting the responsibility to third countries. As a result, a number of fundamental rights enshrined in fundamental human rights treaties, such as the European Convention on Human Rights (ECoHR) and the protocols thereto, come under threat. This paper analyzes case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on the extraterritorial application of human rights provisions in the context of the application of EU migration management tools. The paper concludes that although existing instruments for managing forced migration to the EU formally include human rights safeguards, in practice their goal is to protect the EU borders from growing flows of asylum seekers rather than securing their fundamental rights.
В статье рассматриваются проблемы обеспечения прав человека, возникающие в процессе применения отдельных инструментов миграционного регулирования Европейским Союзом (ЕС). С конца 1990-х годов ЕС развивает комплекс мер, направленных на противодействие нежелательной миграции, смещая часть ответственности на третьи страны. В итоге под угрозой нарушения оказывается целый ряд основных прав, закреплённых в фундаментальных договорах о правах человека, таких как Европейская конвенция о правах человека (ЕКПЧ) и протоколы к ней. В данной работе анализируется практика Европейского суда по правам человека (ЕСПЧ) по экстерриториальному применению положений о правах человека в контексте применения инструментов миграционного регулирования ЕС. Отмечается, что несмотря на то, что существующие инструменты по регулированию вынужденной миграции в ЕС могут быть формально ограничены требованием обеспечения прав человека, на практике они используются для ограничения потока претендентов на убежище, и не направлены на обеспечение их фундаментальных прав.
The article analyzes evolution of the concept of state sovereignty in the context of globalisatio... more The article analyzes evolution of the concept of state sovereignty in the context of globalisation, as well as the impact of the concept of human rights on alteration of the Westphalian understanding of sovereignty. It also deals with the issue of intervention in the internal affairs of the states to assure protection of human rights and analyzes the principle of universality of human rights from both theoretical and applied perspectives.
The article analyzes the etymology and origin of the concept of state sovereignty by dealing with... more The article analyzes the etymology and origin of the concept of state sovereignty by dealing with primary sources which make reference to the term. Special attention is paid to the development of the concept of state sovereignty from an ethical and political category to a legal one. The research covers the period from Ancient Greece and Rome until the beginning of the early Middle Ages with a particular focus on the impact of antique perceptions of sovereignty on further evolution of the concept.
Trafficking in human beings has long been defined as one of the most salient issues for post-Sovi... more Trafficking in human beings has long been defined as one of the most salient issues for post-Soviet countries’ internal security. However disputable the accuracy of the data on human trafficking in the post-Soviet space, most experts agree that massive human trafficking is taking place both within and between the countries of the post-Soviet region, extending beyond regional borders as well. Often being underestimated by the local governments, these problems have attracted attention of international actors - both states (such as the USA, Russia, the UK, Sweden or Japan) and intergovernmental organisations (the EU, OSCE, UNODC, IOM, etc.). Most projects, in one way or another, are positioned as part of regional migration governance and management mechanisms that are being developed by various international bodies. But unlike international migration governance that unfolds in the absence of a global migration regime, international action against human trafficking relies on international regime layers both at global level (provided by the UN Convention and Protocol) and at regional levels - for example in South East Asia or in Europe (the Council of Europe Convention). This said, one still observes divergent approaches of multiple international actors that attempt to be active governors in the field. This concerns both IOs -one may only be surprised to see how various UN bodies try to preserve the anti-human trafficking agenda within their domain, to say nothing about such IOs as IOM - and individual states, with the USA being the most prominent example. This paper asks what instruments the EU deploys in order to establish itself as a noticeable, influential and potentially coordinating actor in this complex environment involving a significant number of other international governors. We do not look at direct bilateral cooperation of the EU with targeted recipient countries that have been identified as key countries of origin and/or transit for human trafficking in the region. Instead, the paper focuses on partnerships that the EU has been building with other international governors tackling this problem in the postSoviet space. We argue that, contrary to the USA mostly using a “stick” in the form of “naming and shaming” as well as sanctions/threat of sanctions linked to a system of indicators, the EU opts for softer approaches involving production and use of knowledge for policy influence through tactical partnerships with other international governors. This has important implications both for its anti-trafficking action and for its wider international governance agenda. Relying on partnerships with other international governors resulting in production and exchange of (perceived as solid and legitimate) expert knowledge leads to mutual reinforcement of the governor function that the EU and its partners have in the field of anti-human trafficking, as well as in other overlapping policy fields.
This article explores the role and place of national human rights institutions in the external po... more This article explores the role and place of national human rights institutions in the external policies of the European Union and analyses some trends in their interactions. We demonstrate an evolution of the EU human rights policy in relations with third countries within the frameworks of the EU development policy and the European Neighbourhood Policy. Particular attention is given to the evaluation of the involvement of national human rights institutions in these relations. Based on a comparative analysis of various EU legal acts regulating EU external relations in the human rights domain, the article concludes that EU policies in this sphere have been gradually diversified and that there is a signifi- cant variance in the degree of interaction between the EU and national human rights institutions in different countries and regions.
This article examines intra-regional ('home-grown') and externallydriven ('imported') frameworks ... more This article examines intra-regional ('home-grown') and externallydriven ('imported') frameworks of regional migration governance in post-Soviet Eurasia. It argues that whether regional migration governance originates from internal or external sources makes an important difference. It shows that intra-regional migration governance develops around economic rationality, whereas externally-driven regional migration governance tends to prioritise linkages between migration and security and, albeit less systematically, issues of migrants' rights. The article demonstrates how intra-regional migration governance started to emerge as part of regional integration processes, becoming institutionalised within organisations such as the Eurasian Economic Union. It also shows how alternative versions of regional migration governance have been promoted by international organisations via, in particular, Regional Consultative Processes. It concludes with a reflection on competition and complementarity between these partially overlapping regimes of regional migration governance in Eurasia.
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Кризис Общей европейской системы убежища в ЕС спровоцировал принятие серии исключительных мер (инструментов) в целях эффективного управления вынужденной миграцией. Их комплексный анализ позволяет прийти к выводам о том, что в области управления вынужденной миграцией в ЕС приоритетными становятся вопросы безопасности, акценты смещаются в сторону экстерриториального управления, наблюдается постепенная нормализация временных и исключительных мер, при этом сам ЕС утрачивает статус глобального актора в области прав человека.
The rest of this chapter is structured in the following way. First, we provide a brief summary of main migration trends within the post-Soviet space. Second, we look at dynamics of regional migration governance both in the Eurasian migration system core (Russia) and beyond, through exploring various formats of inter-state cooperation in this field. Third, we analyse the legal framework of migration governance within one such format – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), assess implementation of the EAEU Treaty, identify outcomes and current challenges of regional migration governance in this format. We conclude with a general reflection on the nature and dynamics of regional migration governance in the Eurasian migration system.
В статье рассматриваются проблемы обеспечения прав человека, возникающие в процессе применения отдельных инструментов миграционного регулирования Европейским Союзом (ЕС). С конца 1990-х годов ЕС развивает комплекс мер, направленных на противодействие нежелательной миграции, смещая часть ответственности на третьи страны. В итоге под угрозой нарушения оказывается целый ряд основных прав, закреплённых в фундаментальных договорах о правах человека, таких как Европейская конвенция о правах человека (ЕКПЧ) и протоколы к ней. В данной работе анализируется практика Европейского суда по правам человека (ЕСПЧ) по экстерриториальному применению положений о правах человека в контексте применения инструментов миграционного регулирования ЕС. Отмечается, что несмотря на то, что существующие инструменты по регулированию вынужденной миграции в ЕС могут быть формально ограничены требованием обеспечения прав человека, на практике они используются для ограничения потока претендентов на убежище, и не направлены на обеспечение их фундаментальных прав.
Кризис Общей европейской системы убежища в ЕС спровоцировал принятие серии исключительных мер (инструментов) в целях эффективного управления вынужденной миграцией. Их комплексный анализ позволяет прийти к выводам о том, что в области управления вынужденной миграцией в ЕС приоритетными становятся вопросы безопасности, акценты смещаются в сторону экстерриториального управления, наблюдается постепенная нормализация временных и исключительных мер, при этом сам ЕС утрачивает статус глобального актора в области прав человека.
The rest of this chapter is structured in the following way. First, we provide a brief summary of main migration trends within the post-Soviet space. Second, we look at dynamics of regional migration governance both in the Eurasian migration system core (Russia) and beyond, through exploring various formats of inter-state cooperation in this field. Third, we analyse the legal framework of migration governance within one such format – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), assess implementation of the EAEU Treaty, identify outcomes and current challenges of regional migration governance in this format. We conclude with a general reflection on the nature and dynamics of regional migration governance in the Eurasian migration system.
В статье рассматриваются проблемы обеспечения прав человека, возникающие в процессе применения отдельных инструментов миграционного регулирования Европейским Союзом (ЕС). С конца 1990-х годов ЕС развивает комплекс мер, направленных на противодействие нежелательной миграции, смещая часть ответственности на третьи страны. В итоге под угрозой нарушения оказывается целый ряд основных прав, закреплённых в фундаментальных договорах о правах человека, таких как Европейская конвенция о правах человека (ЕКПЧ) и протоколы к ней. В данной работе анализируется практика Европейского суда по правам человека (ЕСПЧ) по экстерриториальному применению положений о правах человека в контексте применения инструментов миграционного регулирования ЕС. Отмечается, что несмотря на то, что существующие инструменты по регулированию вынужденной миграции в ЕС могут быть формально ограничены требованием обеспечения прав человека, на практике они используются для ограничения потока претендентов на убежище, и не направлены на обеспечение их фундаментальных прав.