This study was conducted to determine the effects of Agave fourcroydes powder as a dietary supple... more This study was conducted to determine the effects of Agave fourcroydes powder as a dietary supplement on the growth performance, gut morphology, serum concentration of IgG, and the hematology parameters of broiler rabbits. A total of 32 rabbits [New Zealand × Californian] were weaned at 35 days. They were randomly selected for two dietary treatments (eight repetitions per treatment), which consisted of a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with 1.5% dried-stem powder of A. fourcroydes. On day 60 from the initiation of treatment, gut histomorphology (duodenum and cecum), serum concentration of IgG, and hematology parameters were all measured. The results showed that A. fourcroydes powder supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the ADFI, ADG, and final BW. Correspondingly, this treatment increased (P < 0.05) the muscle and mucosa thickness and height and width of villi. However, duodenum crypts depth was lower (P < 0.05) when rabbits were fed with this natural product, compa...
This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan (COS) on gastrointestinal pathogen... more This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan (COS) on gastrointestinal pathogen resistance in mice model. For two weeks, a control group of ICR mice received a basal diet whilst the intervention group received the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg COS. After two weeks, the mice fed the supplemented diet had a lower body weight. Then enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) was administered to the mice through oral gavage, with each mouse receiving 10(8) CFU. At day 7 after infection, the bacterial load in the jejunum and faeces was significantly lower in the COS group than that in the control group. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the group of mice receiving the COS diet; also the jejunal production of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) was suppressed in the COS group. These results indicate the intervention influenced inflammation and controlled E. coli infection.
Surgical site infections are common and devastating complications after implants related surgerie... more Surgical site infections are common and devastating complications after implants related surgeries. Staphylococcus aureus contamination is a leading cause of surgical site infections. This study aims at assessing the effect of vancomycin microspheres on reducing Staphylococcus aureus infection in an in vivo rabbit model. Sixty surgical sites of 20 New Zealand White rabbits underwent spinal implant were randomly divided to three groups: the control group, the vancomycin group and vancomycin microspheres group. The surgical sites were incubated with 100 μl 1 × 10(7) CFU S. aureus ATCC 25923. Prior to closure, vancomycin and vancomycin microspheres were placed into the wounds of the rabbits in the vancomycin group and the vancomycin microspheres group, respectively. The rabbits were killed on postoperative day 7. Standard quantification techniques were used to analyze biomaterial centered and soft tissue bacterial growth. The bacteria were further confirmed by PCR with primers from the...
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2016
Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for t... more Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. The strain is aerobic, Gram-positive, motile, catalase, oxidase positive rods and grew on methanol containing media. The cell wall peptidoglycan found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell&amp;amp;#39;s G+C content is 52.1 mol %. The predominant menaquinone is MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids of the strain are anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. For 16S rRNA gene sequence, similarities among strain BL24T and it&amp;amp;#39;s most closely related species Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae and Paenibacillus sacheonensis were 97.8 %, and 95.1 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24T constituted a different genospecies. Based on the molecular, chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T = CCM 7577T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus methanolicus is proposed.
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, Jan 27, 2016
A novel siderophore-producing actinomycete, designated PL19T, was isolated from the Scots-pine ne... more A novel siderophore-producing actinomycete, designated PL19T, was isolated from the Scots-pine needles collected from TNAU campus, Coimbatore, India. The isolate was recovered as chemoorganotrophic in nutrition and able to show favorable growth at 30°C, and the optimum pH and NaCl level facilitated the growth includes 6-11 and 0-8% (w/v) respectively. The cells are filamentous and the mycelia formed are basically of wide and intricately branched substrate mycelium from which aerial mycelia arises, which latter differentiate into spores that were warty and arranged spirally. The 16S rRNA gene of PL19T was sequenced and it was highly similar to those of Streptomyces species including Streptomyces barkulensis (98.8% pairwise similarity), Streptomyces fenghuangensis (98.2%), Streptomyces nanhaiensis (98.0%), Streptomyces radiopugnans (97.9%), Streptomyces atacamensis (97.8%) and Streptomyces macrosporus (97.2%), all of which subjected to polyphasic taxonomical characterization. They sho...
The strain Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-1 was isolated from soil sediments collected from Tharban ho... more The strain Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-1 was isolated from soil sediments collected from Tharban hot spring in the southern west of Saudi Arabia using actinomycetes isolation agar and starch casein agar at 55 °C. Identification of the isolate was done according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence similarity as well. 16S rRNA sequence and blast analyses confirmed that the isolate belonging to the genus Streptomyces. The sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number (KF815080). Ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-1 showed good antimicrobial activities against tested pathogenic microbes. Minimum inhibitory concentration results showed that the best values were observed against S. agalactiae (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.039 mg/ml) and Klebsiella pneumonia (0.125 mg/ml). Minimum inhibitory concentration of Al-Dhabi-1 against fungi; Cryptococcus neoformans (0.078 mg/ml), C. albicans (0.156 mg/ml), A. niger (0.625 mg/ml), and T. mentagrophytes (0.156 mg/ml). GC-MS analysis was used for the chemical profile of ethyl acetate extract. Benzeneacetic acid (16.02 %) and acetic acid 2-phenylethyl ester (10.35 %) were the major compounds among 31 substances found the ethyl acetate extract. According to the results of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes, it is clear that the actinomycetes from hot springs with extreme environments are promising source for antimicrobial compounds.
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 27, 2016
The hydrodistillated essential oil of Atalantia monophylla was subjected to GC-MS. Forty compound... more The hydrodistillated essential oil of Atalantia monophylla was subjected to GC-MS. Forty compounds were presented in the essential oil. Eugenol (19.76 %), sabinene (19.57 %), 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-methoxyethenyl) benzene (9.84 %), beta-asarone (7.02 %) and methyl eugenol (5.52 %) were found the predominant compounds. The oil was tested for fumigant toxicity and repellent activity against Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae. The development stage of C. maculatus fecundity, adult emergence and also ovicidal activities were studied by the treatment of A. monophylla oil. The oil exhibited considerable fumigation toxicity (70.22 %), repellent activity (85.24 %) and ovicidal activity (100 %) against C. maculatus. The oil significantly reduced the protein, esterase, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase on C. maculatus and S. oryzae. It can be considered that A. monophylla has a potential insecticide against stored product pests.
Tryptophan, a nutritionally essential amino acid, is active in the regulation of immune responses... more Tryptophan, a nutritionally essential amino acid, is active in the regulation of immune responses in animals. The products of tryptophan metabolism, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and melatonin, may improve immunity in an organism and induce anti-inflammatory responses. The immune tolerance processes mediated by tryptophan metabolites are not well understood. Recent studies have reported that the enzymes that break down tryptophan through the kynurenine metabolic pathway are found in numerous cell types, including immunocytes. Moreover, some tryptophan metabolites have been shown to play a role in the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation, elevation of immunoglobulin levels in the blood, and promotion of antigen-presenting organization in tissues. This review summarizes the effects and mechanisms of tryptophan and metabolites in immune functions in livestock and poultry. It also highlights the areas in which our understanding of the role(s) of t...
Macleaya cordata extract is of great scientific and practical interest to researchers, due to its... more Macleaya cordata extract is of great scientific and practical interest to researchers, due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory responses within experimental animals. This study was designed to determine the diarrhea score and innate immunity of growing piglets after they had received Macleaya cordata extract supplements. A total of 240 growing pigs were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments, with 8 replicates per treatment and 10 piglets per replicate. All pigs received a basal diet containing similar amounts of nutrients. The three treatments were a control (no additive), an antibiotic (200 mg/kg colistin), and the Macleaya cordata extract supplement group (40 mg/kg Macleaya cordata extract). The diarrhea score was calculated after D 28. The jejunal samples were obtained from five piglets selected randomly from each treatment on D 28. In comparison with the control group, the dietary Macleaya cordata extract and colistin group demonstrated a substantially decr...
In this study, the antioxidant, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effects of ficusin isolated from F... more In this study, the antioxidant, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effects of ficusin isolated from Ficus carica leaves and their effects on GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ expression were evaluated in HFD-STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats. Ficusin (20 and 40 mg/kg b. wt.) lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin and body weight gain, in HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats. Ficusin also significantly lowered the serum antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and lipids (TC, TG and FFA) levels to near normal. Ficusin significantly enhanced the PPARγ expression and improved the translocation and activation of GLUT4 in the adipose tissue. Molecular docking analysis exhibited promising interactions of GLUT4 and PPARγ into their active sites. This study suggests that ficusin improved the insulin sensitivity on adipose tissue and it can be used for the treatment of obesity related type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 27, 2016
Botanical insecticides may provide alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling Spodopt... more Botanical insecticides may provide alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling Spodoptera litura (F.) and they are target specific, biodegradable, and harmless to mammals. Eight natural chemical compounds with larvicidal activity were identified from fraction F6 of C. guianensis flower extract. Probit analysis of 95% confidence level exposed an LC50 of 223ppm against S. litura third instar larvae. The growth and development of S. litura was affected in sub-lethal concentrations of fraction F6 (50, 100, 150 and 200ppm) compared to controls. Similarly nutritional indices values decreased significantly compared to controls. Fraction F6 also damaged the gut epithelial layer and brush border membrane (BBM). This study also resolved the effects of toxicity to non-target earthworm treated with fraction F6 and chemical pesticides (monotrophos and cypermethrin) and the results showed that fraction F6 had no harmful effect on E. fetida. Further, fraction F6 was eluted and sub fract...
The current study investigated the toxic effect of the leaf extract compound andrographolide from... more The current study investigated the toxic effect of the leaf extract compound andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f) against the dengue vector Ae. aegypti. GC-MS analysis revealed that andrographolide was recognized as the major chemical constituent with the prominent peak area compared with other compounds. All isolated toxic compounds were purified and confirmed through RP-HPLC against chemical standards. The larvicidal assays established at 25ppm of bioactive compound against the treated instars of Ae. Aegypti showed prominent mortality compared to other treated concentrations. The percent mortality of larvae was directly proportional to concentration. The lethal concentration (LC50) was observed at 12ppm treatment concentration. The bioactive andrographolide considerably reduced the detoxifying enzyme regulations of α- and β- carboxylesterases. In contrast, the levels of GST and CYP450 significantly increase in a dose dependent manner. The andrographolide also showed strong oviposition deterrence effects at the sub-lethal dose of 12ppm. Similarly, the mean number of eggs were also significantly reduced in a dose dependent manner. At the concentration of 12ppm the effective percentage of repellency was greater than 90% with a protection time of 15-210minutes, compared with control. The histopathology study displayed that larvae treated with bioactive andrographolide had cytopathic effects in the midgut epithelium compared with the control. The present study established that bioactive andrographolide served as a potential useful for dengue vector management.
Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in pig behavior and growth performances. However, little... more Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in pig behavior and growth performances. However, little is known about Trp&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s effects on tight junction barrier and intestinal health in weaned pigs. In the present study, twenty-four (24) weaned pigs were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments with 8 piglets/treatments. The piglets were fed different amounts of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as follows: 0.0%, 0.15, and 0.75%, respectively, named zero Trp (ZTS), low Trp (LTS), and high Trp (HTS), respectively. No significant differences were observed in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain: feed (G/F) ratio between the groups. After 21 days of the feeding trial, results showed that dietary Trp significantly increased (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) crypt depth and significantly decreased (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) in the jejunum of pig fed HTS. In addition, pig fed HTS had higher (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate. Furthermore, pig fed HTS significantly decreased mRNA expression of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 but not claudin-1 in the jejunum. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells were not significantly different (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05) between the groups. Collectively, these data suggest that dietary Trp supplementation at a certain level (0.75%) may negatively affect the small intestinal structure in weaned pig.
Evaluations of biological effects of (Pb-CVO) the crude volatile oil of Piper betle leaves on the... more Evaluations of biological effects of (Pb-CVO) the crude volatile oil of Piper betle leaves on the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura were conducted. Pb-CVO was subjected to GC-MS analysis and twenty vital compounds were isolated from the betel leaf oil. Pb-CVO was tested at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) against S. litura. The treated insects exhibited dose depended mortality. The mortality rate was significantly higher at the 1.0 and 1.5% Pb-CVO. The LC50 (Lethal concentration) were observed at 0.48% Pb-CVO. Larval and pupal durations increased in all treatment concentrations (0.25, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) whereas, pupal weight decreased compared to control. Adult longevity of S. litura was reduced in all treatments but predominantly in the 0.4 and 0.5% Pb-CVO. Correspondingly, mean fecundity rate was reduced at all concentrations compared to control. Histological studies of larvae mid-gut profiles of S. litura were severely damaged in 1.0 and 1.5% and showed abn...
Plumbagin was isolated and characterized from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica using chromatograph... more Plumbagin was isolated and characterized from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica using chromatography: TLC, Column chromatogram, HPLC, FTIR and (1)H NMR. The isolated pure compounds were assayed for potency as inhibitors of: acetylcholine esterase (AchE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome P450 and α, β-esterase, and for repellency with Anopheles stephensi at four different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100ppm). The enzyme assay against the pure compound reveals that the level of esterase and SOD was decreased significantly in contrast the level of GST and cytochrome P450 was increased significantly. Our results suggests that novel Plumbagin has significantly alters the level of enzyme comparable to the control. Evaluations resulted in Plumbagin producing maximum repellency scores against An. stephensi mosquitoes in dose dependent manner with highest repellence was observed in the 100ppm. Histological examination showed that the midgut, hindgut and muscles are the most affected tissues. These tissues affected with major changes including separation and collapse of epithelial layer and cellular vacuolization. The results support the utility of plant compound Plumbagin for vector control as an alternative to synthetic insecticides, however, more vigorous field trials are needed to determine viability under natural conditions.
Currently Streptomyces is one of the most important antibiotic producing microorganisms against s... more Currently Streptomyces is one of the most important antibiotic producing microorganisms against several diseases. In the present study Streptomyces olivochromogenes ERINLG-261 was isolated from the soil samples of the Mudumalai hills, Western Ghats, India. Morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA studies strongly suggested that this isolate belonged to the genus Streptomyces. ERINLG-261 showed good antimicrobial activity against different bacteria and fungi in Micromonospora fermentation medium. The active ethyl acetate extract was packed in column chromatography over silica gel which led to the isolation of 2-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone as the active principle. The isolated compound showed good antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria and fungi in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) studies. The compound showed moderate in vitro antiproliferative activity against A549 and COLO320 cells. The compound was subjected to molecular docking studies for the inhibition of Topoisomerase, TtgR and Beta-lactamase enzymes which are targets for antimicrobials. Docking results of the compound showed low docking energy with these enzymes indicating its usefulness as antimicrobial agent. This is the first report of antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of 2-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone isolated from Streptomyces olivochromogenes along with molecular docking studies.
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, Jan 19, 2015
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) correlates with oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration i... more Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) correlates with oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration in several signal pathways, including nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB, has been widely demonstrated to exhibit an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that NF-κB inhibitor PDTC confers a beneficial role in a colitis model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mouse. The results showed that DSS decreased daily weight gain, induced colonic inflammation, suppressed the expression of antioxidant enzymes and tight junctions, and activated NF-κB and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) signaling pathways. PDTC significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) Gpx1, Gpx4, occludin, and ZO-1 expressions in the DSS-induced colitis model. Meanwhile, PDTC reversed (P < 0.05) the activation of NF-κB signal pathway caused by DSS tre...
This study was conducted to determine the effects of Agave fourcroydes powder as a dietary supple... more This study was conducted to determine the effects of Agave fourcroydes powder as a dietary supplement on the growth performance, gut morphology, serum concentration of IgG, and the hematology parameters of broiler rabbits. A total of 32 rabbits [New Zealand × Californian] were weaned at 35 days. They were randomly selected for two dietary treatments (eight repetitions per treatment), which consisted of a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with 1.5% dried-stem powder of A. fourcroydes. On day 60 from the initiation of treatment, gut histomorphology (duodenum and cecum), serum concentration of IgG, and hematology parameters were all measured. The results showed that A. fourcroydes powder supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the ADFI, ADG, and final BW. Correspondingly, this treatment increased (P < 0.05) the muscle and mucosa thickness and height and width of villi. However, duodenum crypts depth was lower (P < 0.05) when rabbits were fed with this natural product, compa...
This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan (COS) on gastrointestinal pathogen... more This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan (COS) on gastrointestinal pathogen resistance in mice model. For two weeks, a control group of ICR mice received a basal diet whilst the intervention group received the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg COS. After two weeks, the mice fed the supplemented diet had a lower body weight. Then enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) was administered to the mice through oral gavage, with each mouse receiving 10(8) CFU. At day 7 after infection, the bacterial load in the jejunum and faeces was significantly lower in the COS group than that in the control group. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, and TNF-α were significantly lower in the group of mice receiving the COS diet; also the jejunal production of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) was suppressed in the COS group. These results indicate the intervention influenced inflammation and controlled E. coli infection.
Surgical site infections are common and devastating complications after implants related surgerie... more Surgical site infections are common and devastating complications after implants related surgeries. Staphylococcus aureus contamination is a leading cause of surgical site infections. This study aims at assessing the effect of vancomycin microspheres on reducing Staphylococcus aureus infection in an in vivo rabbit model. Sixty surgical sites of 20 New Zealand White rabbits underwent spinal implant were randomly divided to three groups: the control group, the vancomycin group and vancomycin microspheres group. The surgical sites were incubated with 100 μl 1 × 10(7) CFU S. aureus ATCC 25923. Prior to closure, vancomycin and vancomycin microspheres were placed into the wounds of the rabbits in the vancomycin group and the vancomycin microspheres group, respectively. The rabbits were killed on postoperative day 7. Standard quantification techniques were used to analyze biomaterial centered and soft tissue bacterial growth. The bacteria were further confirmed by PCR with primers from the...
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2016
Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for t... more Strain BL24T, isolated from bamboo phyllosphere collected in Coimbatore, India, was studied for taxonomic classification. The strain is aerobic, Gram-positive, motile, catalase, oxidase positive rods and grew on methanol containing media. The cell wall peptidoglycan found to possess meso-diaminopimelic acid and the cell&amp;amp;#39;s G+C content is 52.1 mol %. The predominant menaquinone is MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids of the strain are anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. For 16S rRNA gene sequence, similarities among strain BL24T and it&amp;amp;#39;s most closely related species Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae and Paenibacillus sacheonensis were 97.8 %, and 95.1 %, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization with P. phyllosphaerae KACC 11473T, phylogenetically the most closely related species, was 21.6 %; this value showed that strain BL24T constituted a different genospecies. Based on the molecular, chemotaxonomic markers and physiological properties, strain BL24T (=NRRL B-51698T = CCM 7577T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus methanolicus is proposed.
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, Jan 27, 2016
A novel siderophore-producing actinomycete, designated PL19T, was isolated from the Scots-pine ne... more A novel siderophore-producing actinomycete, designated PL19T, was isolated from the Scots-pine needles collected from TNAU campus, Coimbatore, India. The isolate was recovered as chemoorganotrophic in nutrition and able to show favorable growth at 30°C, and the optimum pH and NaCl level facilitated the growth includes 6-11 and 0-8% (w/v) respectively. The cells are filamentous and the mycelia formed are basically of wide and intricately branched substrate mycelium from which aerial mycelia arises, which latter differentiate into spores that were warty and arranged spirally. The 16S rRNA gene of PL19T was sequenced and it was highly similar to those of Streptomyces species including Streptomyces barkulensis (98.8% pairwise similarity), Streptomyces fenghuangensis (98.2%), Streptomyces nanhaiensis (98.0%), Streptomyces radiopugnans (97.9%), Streptomyces atacamensis (97.8%) and Streptomyces macrosporus (97.2%), all of which subjected to polyphasic taxonomical characterization. They sho...
The strain Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-1 was isolated from soil sediments collected from Tharban ho... more The strain Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-1 was isolated from soil sediments collected from Tharban hot spring in the southern west of Saudi Arabia using actinomycetes isolation agar and starch casein agar at 55 °C. Identification of the isolate was done according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA sequence similarity as well. 16S rRNA sequence and blast analyses confirmed that the isolate belonging to the genus Streptomyces. The sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number (KF815080). Ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-1 showed good antimicrobial activities against tested pathogenic microbes. Minimum inhibitory concentration results showed that the best values were observed against S. agalactiae (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.039 mg/ml) and Klebsiella pneumonia (0.125 mg/ml). Minimum inhibitory concentration of Al-Dhabi-1 against fungi; Cryptococcus neoformans (0.078 mg/ml), C. albicans (0.156 mg/ml), A. niger (0.625 mg/ml), and T. mentagrophytes (0.156 mg/ml). GC-MS analysis was used for the chemical profile of ethyl acetate extract. Benzeneacetic acid (16.02 %) and acetic acid 2-phenylethyl ester (10.35 %) were the major compounds among 31 substances found the ethyl acetate extract. According to the results of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes, it is clear that the actinomycetes from hot springs with extreme environments are promising source for antimicrobial compounds.
Environmental science and pollution research international, Jan 27, 2016
The hydrodistillated essential oil of Atalantia monophylla was subjected to GC-MS. Forty compound... more The hydrodistillated essential oil of Atalantia monophylla was subjected to GC-MS. Forty compounds were presented in the essential oil. Eugenol (19.76 %), sabinene (19.57 %), 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-methoxyethenyl) benzene (9.84 %), beta-asarone (7.02 %) and methyl eugenol (5.52 %) were found the predominant compounds. The oil was tested for fumigant toxicity and repellent activity against Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus oryzae. The development stage of C. maculatus fecundity, adult emergence and also ovicidal activities were studied by the treatment of A. monophylla oil. The oil exhibited considerable fumigation toxicity (70.22 %), repellent activity (85.24 %) and ovicidal activity (100 %) against C. maculatus. The oil significantly reduced the protein, esterase, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase on C. maculatus and S. oryzae. It can be considered that A. monophylla has a potential insecticide against stored product pests.
Tryptophan, a nutritionally essential amino acid, is active in the regulation of immune responses... more Tryptophan, a nutritionally essential amino acid, is active in the regulation of immune responses in animals. The products of tryptophan metabolism, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and melatonin, may improve immunity in an organism and induce anti-inflammatory responses. The immune tolerance processes mediated by tryptophan metabolites are not well understood. Recent studies have reported that the enzymes that break down tryptophan through the kynurenine metabolic pathway are found in numerous cell types, including immunocytes. Moreover, some tryptophan metabolites have been shown to play a role in the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation, elevation of immunoglobulin levels in the blood, and promotion of antigen-presenting organization in tissues. This review summarizes the effects and mechanisms of tryptophan and metabolites in immune functions in livestock and poultry. It also highlights the areas in which our understanding of the role(s) of t...
Macleaya cordata extract is of great scientific and practical interest to researchers, due to its... more Macleaya cordata extract is of great scientific and practical interest to researchers, due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory responses within experimental animals. This study was designed to determine the diarrhea score and innate immunity of growing piglets after they had received Macleaya cordata extract supplements. A total of 240 growing pigs were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments, with 8 replicates per treatment and 10 piglets per replicate. All pigs received a basal diet containing similar amounts of nutrients. The three treatments were a control (no additive), an antibiotic (200 mg/kg colistin), and the Macleaya cordata extract supplement group (40 mg/kg Macleaya cordata extract). The diarrhea score was calculated after D 28. The jejunal samples were obtained from five piglets selected randomly from each treatment on D 28. In comparison with the control group, the dietary Macleaya cordata extract and colistin group demonstrated a substantially decr...
In this study, the antioxidant, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effects of ficusin isolated from F... more In this study, the antioxidant, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effects of ficusin isolated from Ficus carica leaves and their effects on GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ expression were evaluated in HFD-STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats. Ficusin (20 and 40 mg/kg b. wt.) lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin and body weight gain, in HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats. Ficusin also significantly lowered the serum antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and lipids (TC, TG and FFA) levels to near normal. Ficusin significantly enhanced the PPARγ expression and improved the translocation and activation of GLUT4 in the adipose tissue. Molecular docking analysis exhibited promising interactions of GLUT4 and PPARγ into their active sites. This study suggests that ficusin improved the insulin sensitivity on adipose tissue and it can be used for the treatment of obesity related type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, Jan 27, 2016
Botanical insecticides may provide alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling Spodopt... more Botanical insecticides may provide alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling Spodoptera litura (F.) and they are target specific, biodegradable, and harmless to mammals. Eight natural chemical compounds with larvicidal activity were identified from fraction F6 of C. guianensis flower extract. Probit analysis of 95% confidence level exposed an LC50 of 223ppm against S. litura third instar larvae. The growth and development of S. litura was affected in sub-lethal concentrations of fraction F6 (50, 100, 150 and 200ppm) compared to controls. Similarly nutritional indices values decreased significantly compared to controls. Fraction F6 also damaged the gut epithelial layer and brush border membrane (BBM). This study also resolved the effects of toxicity to non-target earthworm treated with fraction F6 and chemical pesticides (monotrophos and cypermethrin) and the results showed that fraction F6 had no harmful effect on E. fetida. Further, fraction F6 was eluted and sub fract...
The current study investigated the toxic effect of the leaf extract compound andrographolide from... more The current study investigated the toxic effect of the leaf extract compound andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f) against the dengue vector Ae. aegypti. GC-MS analysis revealed that andrographolide was recognized as the major chemical constituent with the prominent peak area compared with other compounds. All isolated toxic compounds were purified and confirmed through RP-HPLC against chemical standards. The larvicidal assays established at 25ppm of bioactive compound against the treated instars of Ae. Aegypti showed prominent mortality compared to other treated concentrations. The percent mortality of larvae was directly proportional to concentration. The lethal concentration (LC50) was observed at 12ppm treatment concentration. The bioactive andrographolide considerably reduced the detoxifying enzyme regulations of α- and β- carboxylesterases. In contrast, the levels of GST and CYP450 significantly increase in a dose dependent manner. The andrographolide also showed strong oviposition deterrence effects at the sub-lethal dose of 12ppm. Similarly, the mean number of eggs were also significantly reduced in a dose dependent manner. At the concentration of 12ppm the effective percentage of repellency was greater than 90% with a protection time of 15-210minutes, compared with control. The histopathology study displayed that larvae treated with bioactive andrographolide had cytopathic effects in the midgut epithelium compared with the control. The present study established that bioactive andrographolide served as a potential useful for dengue vector management.
Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in pig behavior and growth performances. However, little... more Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in pig behavior and growth performances. However, little is known about Trp&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s effects on tight junction barrier and intestinal health in weaned pigs. In the present study, twenty-four (24) weaned pigs were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments with 8 piglets/treatments. The piglets were fed different amounts of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as follows: 0.0%, 0.15, and 0.75%, respectively, named zero Trp (ZTS), low Trp (LTS), and high Trp (HTS), respectively. No significant differences were observed in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain: feed (G/F) ratio between the groups. After 21 days of the feeding trial, results showed that dietary Trp significantly increased (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) crypt depth and significantly decreased (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) in the jejunum of pig fed HTS. In addition, pig fed HTS had higher (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate. Furthermore, pig fed HTS significantly decreased mRNA expression of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 but not claudin-1 in the jejunum. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells were not significantly different (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05) between the groups. Collectively, these data suggest that dietary Trp supplementation at a certain level (0.75%) may negatively affect the small intestinal structure in weaned pig.
Evaluations of biological effects of (Pb-CVO) the crude volatile oil of Piper betle leaves on the... more Evaluations of biological effects of (Pb-CVO) the crude volatile oil of Piper betle leaves on the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura were conducted. Pb-CVO was subjected to GC-MS analysis and twenty vital compounds were isolated from the betel leaf oil. Pb-CVO was tested at four different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) against S. litura. The treated insects exhibited dose depended mortality. The mortality rate was significantly higher at the 1.0 and 1.5% Pb-CVO. The LC50 (Lethal concentration) were observed at 0.48% Pb-CVO. Larval and pupal durations increased in all treatment concentrations (0.25, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) whereas, pupal weight decreased compared to control. Adult longevity of S. litura was reduced in all treatments but predominantly in the 0.4 and 0.5% Pb-CVO. Correspondingly, mean fecundity rate was reduced at all concentrations compared to control. Histological studies of larvae mid-gut profiles of S. litura were severely damaged in 1.0 and 1.5% and showed abn...
Plumbagin was isolated and characterized from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica using chromatograph... more Plumbagin was isolated and characterized from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica using chromatography: TLC, Column chromatogram, HPLC, FTIR and (1)H NMR. The isolated pure compounds were assayed for potency as inhibitors of: acetylcholine esterase (AchE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome P450 and α, β-esterase, and for repellency with Anopheles stephensi at four different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100ppm). The enzyme assay against the pure compound reveals that the level of esterase and SOD was decreased significantly in contrast the level of GST and cytochrome P450 was increased significantly. Our results suggests that novel Plumbagin has significantly alters the level of enzyme comparable to the control. Evaluations resulted in Plumbagin producing maximum repellency scores against An. stephensi mosquitoes in dose dependent manner with highest repellence was observed in the 100ppm. Histological examination showed that the midgut, hindgut and muscles are the most affected tissues. These tissues affected with major changes including separation and collapse of epithelial layer and cellular vacuolization. The results support the utility of plant compound Plumbagin for vector control as an alternative to synthetic insecticides, however, more vigorous field trials are needed to determine viability under natural conditions.
Currently Streptomyces is one of the most important antibiotic producing microorganisms against s... more Currently Streptomyces is one of the most important antibiotic producing microorganisms against several diseases. In the present study Streptomyces olivochromogenes ERINLG-261 was isolated from the soil samples of the Mudumalai hills, Western Ghats, India. Morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16S rRNA studies strongly suggested that this isolate belonged to the genus Streptomyces. ERINLG-261 showed good antimicrobial activity against different bacteria and fungi in Micromonospora fermentation medium. The active ethyl acetate extract was packed in column chromatography over silica gel which led to the isolation of 2-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone as the active principle. The isolated compound showed good antimicrobial activity against tested bacteria and fungi in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) studies. The compound showed moderate in vitro antiproliferative activity against A549 and COLO320 cells. The compound was subjected to molecular docking studies for the inhibition of Topoisomerase, TtgR and Beta-lactamase enzymes which are targets for antimicrobials. Docking results of the compound showed low docking energy with these enzymes indicating its usefulness as antimicrobial agent. This is the first report of antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of 2-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone isolated from Streptomyces olivochromogenes along with molecular docking studies.
Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, Jan 19, 2015
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) correlates with oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration i... more Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) correlates with oxidative stress, inflammation, and alteration in several signal pathways, including nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB, has been widely demonstrated to exhibit an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that NF-κB inhibitor PDTC confers a beneficial role in a colitis model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mouse. The results showed that DSS decreased daily weight gain, induced colonic inflammation, suppressed the expression of antioxidant enzymes and tight junctions, and activated NF-κB and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) signaling pathways. PDTC significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) Gpx1, Gpx4, occludin, and ZO-1 expressions in the DSS-induced colitis model. Meanwhile, PDTC reversed (P < 0.05) the activation of NF-κB signal pathway caused by DSS tre...
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