Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
article

Visual calibration and correction for ambient illumination

Published: 01 October 2006 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    Many applications require that an image will appear the same regardless of where or how it is displayed. However, the conditions in which an image is displayed can adversely affect its appearance. Computer monitor screens not only emit light, but can also reflect extraneous light present in the viewing environment. This can cause images displayed on a monitor to appear faded by reducing their perceived contrast. Current approaches to this problem involve measuring this ambient illumination with specialized hardware and then altering the display device or changing the viewing conditions. This is not only impractical, but also costly and time consuming. For a user who does not have the equipment, expertise, or budget to control these facets, a practical alternative is sought. This paper presents a method whereby the display device itself can be used to determine the effect of ambient light on perceived contrast, thus enabling the viewers themselves to perform visual calibration. This method is grounded in established psychophysical experimentation and we present both an extensive procedure and an equivalent rapid procedure. Our work is extended by providing a novel method of contrast correction so that the contrast of an image viewed in bright conditions can be corrected to appear the same as an image viewed in a darkened room. This is verified through formal validation. These methods are easy to apply in practical settings, while accurate enough to be useful.

    References

    [1]
    Aberson, C. 2002. Interpreting null results. Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis 1, 3, 36--42.
    [2]
    Alter, A., Kargas, G., Kargas, S., Cameron, J., and McDermott, J. 1982. The influence of ambient and viewbox light upon visual detection of low-contrast targets in a radiograph. Investigative Radiology 17, 402--406.
    [3]
    Ashdown, I. and Franck, P. 1995. Luninance fradients: Photometric analysis and perceptual reproduction. In IESNA Annual Conference Technical Papers. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
    [4]
    Barten, P. 1992. Physical model for the contrast sensitivity of the human eye. In Proceedings of SPIE 1666. 57--72.
    [5]
    Bartleson, C. and Breneman, E. 1967. Brightness perception in complex fields. Journal of the Optical Society of America 57, 7.
    [6]
    Baxter, B., Ravindra, H., and Normann, R. 1982. Changes in lesion detectability caused by light adaptation in retinal photoreceptors. Investigative Radiology 17, 394--401.
    [7]
    Besuijen, K. and Spenkelink, G. 1998. Standardizing visual display quality. Displays 19, 67--76.
    [8]
    Burton, G. and Moorhead, I. 1987. Color and spatial structure in natural scenes. Applied Optics 26, 1 (Jan.), 157--170.
    [9]
    Campbell, F. and Robson, J. 1968. Application of Fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings. Journal of Physiology 197, 551--566.
    [10]
    Cardei, V., Funt, B., and Barnard, K. 1999. White point estimation for uncalibrated images (color constancy). In Proceedings of the IS&T/SID Seventh Color Imaging Conference: Color Science, Systems and Applications. 97--100.
    [11]
    Cederberg, R., Frederiksen, N., Benson, B., and Shulman, J. 1999. Influence of the digital image display monitor on observer performance. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 28, 203--207.
    [12]
    Colombo, E. and Derrington, A. 2001. Visual calibration of CRT monitors. Displays 22, 87--95.
    [13]
    De Marsh, L. 1972. Optimum telecine transfer characteristics. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 81.
    [14]
    Devlin, K., Chalmers, A., and Purgathofer, A. W. 2002. STAR: Tone reproduction and physically based spectral rendering. In State of the Art Reports, Eurographics 2002. 101--123.
    [15]
    DiCarlo, J. and Wandell, B. 2000. Rendering high dynamic range images. In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging 2000 conference. vol. 3965. 392--401.
    [16]
    Evans, R. 1959. Eye, Film and Camera in Color Photography. Wiley, New York.
    [17]
    Fairchild, M. 1995. Considering the surround in device independent color imaging. Color Research and Application 20, 352--363.
    [18]
    Fairchild, M. 2005. Color Appearance Models, 2nd Ed. Wiley, New York.
    [19]
    Federal Aviation Administration 2000. DOT/FAA/CT-96/1 HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN GUIDE FAA Technical Center For Acquisition. Federal Aviation Administration.
    [20]
    Ferwerda, J. 2001. Elements of early vision for computer graphics. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 21, 5, 22--33.
    [21]
    Field, D. 1987. Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response properties of cortical cells. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 4, 12 (Dec.), 2379--2394.
    [22]
    Haak, R., Wicht, M., Hellmich, M., Nowak, G., and Noack, M. 2002. Influence of room lighting on grey-scale perception with a CRT and TFT monitor display. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 31, 193--197.
    [23]
    Hunt, R. 2004. The Reproduction of Colour, 6th ed. Wiley, New York.
    [24]
    ICC (International Color Consortium) 2003. Specification ICC.1:2003-09, File Format for Color Profiles, Version 4.1.0. ICC (International Color Consortium).
    [25]
    ISO (International Standards Organisation) 2000. ISO3664 Viewing conditions---Graphic technology and photography, 2nd Ed. ISO (International Standards Organisation).
    [26]
    Lu, J. and Healy, D. 1994. Contrast enhancement via multiscale gradient transformation. In Proceedings of the 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. vol. II. 482--486.
    [27]
    Lu, J., Healy, D., and Weaver, J. 1994. Contrast enhancement of medical images using multiscale edge representations. Optical Engineering 33, 7, 2151--2161.
    [28]
    Moroney, N., Fairchild, M., Hunt, R., Li, C., Luo, M., and Newman, T. 2002. The CIECAM02 color appearance model. In IS&T 10th Color Imaging Conference. Scottsdale, 23--27.
    [29]
    Munteanu, C. and Lazarescu, V. 1999. Evolutionary contrast stretching and detail enhancement of satellite images. In Proceedings of MENDEL'99. 94--99.
    [30]
    National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 2003. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Part 14: Grayscale Standard Display Function. National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
    [31]
    Nayar, S., Belhumeur, P., and Boult, T. 2004. Lighting sensitive displays. ACM Transactions on Graphics 23, 4 (Oct.), 963--979.
    [32]
    Novick, S. 1969. Tone reproduction from color telecine systems. Bristish Kinematography Sound and Television.
    [33]
    Oborne, D. 1995. Ergonomics at Work, 3rd Ed. Wiley, New York.
    [34]
    Peli, E. 1990. Contrast in complex images. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 7, 10, 2032--2040.
    [35]
    Perlin, K. and Hoffert, E. M. 1989. Hypertexture. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. ACM Press, New York. 253--262.
    [36]
    Poynton, C. 1998. The rehabilitation of gamma. In Human Vision and Electronic Imaging III. Proceedings of SPIE/IS&T Conference.
    [37]
    Poynton, C. 2003. Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA.
    [38]
    Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A., and Vetterling, W. T. 1992. Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    [39]
    Rea, M., Ed. 2000. IESNA Lighting Handbook, 9th Ed. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
    [40]
    Reilly, J. and Frey, F. 1996. Recommendations for the evaluation of digital images produced from photographic, microphotographic, and various paper formats. Report to the Library of Congress.
    [41]
    Reinhard, E., Shirley, P., Ashikhmin, M., and Troscianko, T. 2004. Second order image statistics in computer graphics. In 1st ACM Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization.
    [42]
    Reinhard, E., Ward, G., Pattanaik, S., and Debevec, P. 2005. High Dynamic Range Imaging. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA.
    [43]
    Rogers, D., Johnston, R., and Pizer, S. 1987. Effect of ambient light on electronically displayed medical images as measured by luminance-discrimination thresholds. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 4, 5, 976--983.
    [44]
    Schlick, C. 1994a. Fast alternatives to Perlin's bias and gain functions. In Graphics Gems IV. Academic Press, New York 401--403.
    [45]
    Schlick, C. 1994b. Quantization techniques for visualization of high dynamic range pictures. In 5th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering. Eurographics.
    [46]
    Sekuler, R. and Blake, R. 1994. Perception, 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    [47]
    Stevens, J. and Stevens, S. 1963. Brightness function: effects of adaptation. Journal of the Optical Society of America 53, 375--385.
    [48]
    Tiller, D. and Veitch, J. 1995. Perceived room brightness: pilot study on the effect of luminance distribution. Lighting Research and Technology 27, 2, 93--103.
    [49]
    Travis, D. 1991. Effective Color Displays. Academic Press, New York.
    [50]
    Tumblin, J. and Rushmeier, H. 1993. Tone reproduction for realistic images. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications 13, 6 (Nov.), 42--48.
    [51]
    Tyler, C. 1997. Colour bit-stealing to enhance the luminance resolution of digital displays on a single-pixel basis. Spatial Vision 10, 4, 369--377.
    [52]
    Tyler, C., Chan, H., Liu, L., McBride, B., and Kontsevich, L. 1992. Bit-stealing: How to get 1786 or more grey levels from an 8-bit color monitor. In SPIE Proceedings (Human Vision, Visual Processing & Digital Display III). vol. 1666.
    [53]
    van der Schaaf, A. 1998. Natural image statistics and visual processing. Ph.D. thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, The Netherlands.
    [54]
    Wandell, B. 1995. Foundations of Vision. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
    [55]
    Ward Larson, G., Rushmeier, H., and Piatko, C. 1997. A visibility matching tone reproduction operator for high dynamic range scenes. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 3, 4 (Oct.--Dec.), 291--306.
    [56]
    Ware, C. 2000. Information Visualization: Perception for Design. Morgan Kauffman, San Francisco, CA.
    [57]
    Watt, A. 2000. 3D Computer Graphics, 3rd Ed. Addison-Wesley, New York.
    [58]
    Weber, E. 1834. Annotationes Anatomicae et Physiologicae. Kohler, Leipzig, Chapter De Pulsu, Resorptione, Auditu. et Tactu.
    [59]
    Weeks, A. 1996. Fundamentals of Electronic Image Processing. SPIE/IEEE Press.
    [60]
    Wyszecki, G. and Stiles, W. 2000. Color Science, 2nd Ed. Wiley, New York, NY.

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Enhancing a Display’s Sunlight Readability with Tone MappingPhotonics10.3390/photonics1106057811:6(578)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2024
    • (2023)Convolutional neural network-based apple images classification and image quality measurement by light colors using the color-balancing approachMultimedia Systems10.1007/s00530-023-01084-z29:3(1651-1661)Online publication date: 29-Mar-2023
    • (2020)Ambient light robust gamut mapping for optical see-through displaysOptics Express10.1364/OE.39144728:10(15392)Online publication date: 6-May-2020
    • Show More Cited By

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Transactions on Applied Perception
    ACM Transactions on Applied Perception  Volume 3, Issue 4
    October 2006
    120 pages
    ISSN:1544-3558
    EISSN:1544-3965
    DOI:10.1145/1190036
    Issue’s Table of Contents

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 October 2006
    Published in TAP Volume 3, Issue 4

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Viewing conditions
    2. ambient illumination
    3. contrast correction
    4. device independence
    5. ergonomics
    6. perceptually accurate display
    7. reflections

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)31
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)4

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Enhancing a Display’s Sunlight Readability with Tone MappingPhotonics10.3390/photonics1106057811:6(578)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2024
    • (2023)Convolutional neural network-based apple images classification and image quality measurement by light colors using the color-balancing approachMultimedia Systems10.1007/s00530-023-01084-z29:3(1651-1661)Online publication date: 29-Mar-2023
    • (2020)Ambient light robust gamut mapping for optical see-through displaysOptics Express10.1364/OE.39144728:10(15392)Online publication date: 6-May-2020
    • (2019)Illumination Classification based on No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA)Proceedings of the 2019 Asia Pacific Information Technology Conference10.1145/3314527.3314529(70-74)Online publication date: 25-Jan-2019
    • (2019)Learning Preferential Perceptual Exposure for HDR DisplaysIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2019.28989107(36800-36809)Online publication date: 2019
    • (2017)Towards Calm DisplaysProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/30900811:2(1-21)Online publication date: 30-Jun-2017
    • (2016)Fast image enhancement method for display images in ambient lightJournal of the Optical Society of America A10.1364/JOSAA.33.00022833:2(228)Online publication date: 29-Jan-2016
    • (2016)Modeling the Quality of Videos Displayed With Local Dimming Backlight at Different Peak White and Ambient Light LevelsIEEE Transactions on Image Processing10.1109/TIP.2016.257639925:8(3751-3761)Online publication date: 1-Aug-2016
    • (2016)DIAST variability illuminated thermal and visible ear images datasets2016 Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications (SPA)10.1109/SPA.2016.7763611(191-195)Online publication date: Sep-2016
    • (2016)A perceptually optimized mapping technique for display imagesJournal of the Society for Information Display10.1002/jsid.50124:9(576-586)Online publication date: 21-Sep-2016
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    Full Access

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media