Influencia del ambiente edáfico y la fertilización nitrogenada, en cultivares de trigo diferencia... more Influencia del ambiente edáfico y la fertilización nitrogenada, en cultivares de trigo diferenciados por su potencial.
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Feb 4, 2007
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study organic matter (OM) loss from soil columns with di... more Laboratory experiments were conducted to study organic matter (OM) loss from soil columns with different clay mineral composition and treated with high sodium (Na) and potassium (K) saline solutions (SAR and PAR ¼ 25Þ: Removal of organic and inorganic colloids was evaluated by determining organic matter content in the soil at the end of the trial and measuring absorbency of the percolated solutions. Though clay dispersion after magnesium (Mg) treatment was marked in the case of illitic and smectitic soils, little effect was detected in kaolinitic soil. For treatments with solutions containing Na, the highest removal of organic colloids was observed in illitic and kaolinitic soils. In smectitic soil this effect was more pronounced with calcium (Ca) in combination with Na and K. These findings have significance to 2291 explain differences in OM mobilization in salt affected depressions of different composition.
Particle size fractions were separated by sedimentation from the A horizon of soils developed on ... more Particle size fractions were separated by sedimentation from the A horizon of soils developed on two types of loess (II, IV), on an alluvial material (III) and on a basaltic rock (I). X-ray powder diffraction traces were used to identify the mineralogical composition of the isolated fractions and their CEC was determined. The obtained data showed the following clay type
In order to study the effect of crop residues on the efficiency of water storage, available nitro... more In order to study the effect of crop residues on the efficiency of water storage, available nitrogen and sulphate dynamics during fallow with and without weed presence, ten experiments with different levels of residue (A: 10,000 kg MS ha-1, M: 5,000 kg MS ha-1, B: less than 2,000 kg MS ha-1) were set up in Haplustolls of the tosca and dune plains in La Pampa and south of Córdoba. Each residue treatment was divided into sub-plots with different weed management: without weed control (malezas) and with control (barbecho). Soil texture, bulk density, permanent wilting pint, and organic matter were determined in each site. At the beginning and end of fallow soil water contents, nitrate (N) and soluble and adsorbed sulphates (S) were measured in samples from 0 -0.2m depth. At all sites the water content at the beginning of fallow was high (between 51 and 100% available water). Despite this, our results showed a positive effect of residue level on water contents at the end of fallow, with ...
To obtain information about the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of montmorillonite as affected by ... more To obtain information about the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of montmorillonite as affected by the sorption of charged organic molecules, montmorillonite samples were loaded with different amounts of positively charged molecules of safranin, toluidine blue, and negatively ...
... The Proctor Test was carried out according to AASHO Standard T-99 (Stengel et al. 1984) . ...... more ... The Proctor Test was carried out according to AASHO Standard T-99 (Stengel et al. 1984) . ... The mean slope of the ascendent part of the Proctor curve (Δ BD/Δ WC) expresses the susceptibility to compaction (Mettauer et al. 1983) . ...
The physical properties of coarse-textured soils in semi-arid regions often deteriorate with use.... more The physical properties of coarse-textured soils in semi-arid regions often deteriorate with use. We hypothesize that compaction is related to the cropping systems employed in accordance with the different water balances of the soils. Surface samples of 52 Entic Haplustolls under three different regimes (24 under continuous cultivation, 18 under rotation with grass leys and 10 virgin soils) were analysed for clay, silt, organic matter and water content, bulk density, resistance to penetration, hydraulic conductivity and susceptibility to compaction. Data were statistically analysed using regression equations and soils were distinguished on the basis of organic matter content and susceptibility to compaction. In soils of similar texture we found resistance to penetration and susceptibility to compaction to be inversely related to organic matter content and therefore higher under continuous cultivation. Hydraulic conductivity was lower in cultivated soils, especially those with a ®ne texture. The results show that in sandy to loam soils an increase of about 5 g kg À1 organic matter is required to achieve a 0.06 Mg m À3 decrease in bulk density at the proctor optimum. The results also indicate that the loss of organic matter occurring in the cultivated soils of the study region makes them more susceptible to compaction, which not only has adverse mechanical effects on plants but also gives rise to a considerable reduction in hydraulic conductivity. # .ar (N. Peinemann) 0167-1987/99/$ ± see front matter # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 1 6 7 -1 9 8 7 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 4 9 -5
Soil organic matter (SOM) is known to play a major role in soil fertility due to its influence on... more Soil organic matter (SOM) is known to play a major role in soil fertility due to its influence on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil; and it is closely related to particle size distribution. The ratio of SOM (g kg À1 ) to clay + silt content (g kg À1 ) was evaluated as an indicator of soil quality for barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain yield, reflecting N availability and soil physical conditions to which crop development is sensitive. Thirty-eight sites in the semiarid Pampa region of Argentina with a wide range of SOM and texture were evaluated for malting barley yield during three growing seasons. In control plots, 51% of grain yield could be explained by this indicator. The threshold value between high and low N-fertilization response was 4.4. Better yield prediction to almost 68% was achieved by combining the SOM to clay + silt indicator with initial nitrate content of the soil at seeding. This combined indicator was also able to explain a high proportion of water use efficiency, particularly in the early growth stages. The ratio of SOM to clay + silt content provided a better tool for estimating grain yield than nutrient availability or SOM alone. #
Halophytic coastal communities in Bahia Blanca, Argentina, were examined in relation to soil sali... more Halophytic coastal communities in Bahia Blanca, Argentina, were examined in relation to soil salinity along a transect from inland to the sea. The relationships between soil electrical conductivity and dominance-abundance values for different species were determined. The 'Chafiaral' community with its most conspicuous species Geoffroea decorticans was present in soils with the lowest salinity levels in the area. Halophytic underbush develops at soil salinity values of intermediate soil electrical conductivity, the characteristic species being CycIolepis genistoides, Atriplex undulata and SaIicornia ambigua. Halophytic shrub-like steppe vegetation, dominated by AIIenroIfea patagonica or Heterostachys ritteriana, is present in soils with high salinity. It is concluded that the ionic composition of plants was a stable characteristic for different species and did not vary with changes in soil salinity.
We studied abundance as well as some morphological and physiological characteristics of six group... more We studied abundance as well as some morphological and physiological characteristics of six groups of bacteria (total aerobic, proteolytics, ammonifiers, nitrifiers, denitrifiers and bacteria from N-free medium) in six toposequences with salt-affected soils in the semiarid region of Argentina. Abundance of most groups of bacteria was positively related with soil organic matter content and inversely related with soil pH (within a pH range of 7 to 10.5), exchangeable sodium and soil depth. CaCO 3 and electric conductivity were only related to the abundance of some bacterial groups in A and C horizons. Predictive equations for each toposequence explained between 31 and 89% of the variance in bacterial abundance. Multivariate relationships between bacterial groups and soil factors also indicated that organic matter content and pH were more important factors to influence microbial abundance than salt content in these soils. All the groups examined were present in the salt crusts which reached electric conductivity values of up to 216 dS/m. Bacillus spp. and coryneform bacteria prevailed among the 537 strains isolated from A to C horizons. Neither Azotobacter nor halophilic bacteria were found with the culture media utilized. One third of the 42 strains which grew in N-free medium utilized D-glucose and 55% did not use the sugars tested. All bacterial groups were more affected by NaCl than by Na 2 SO 4 in laboratory tests with no groups surviving NaCl concentrations of 100 g/l.
Black carbon (BC) is the product of incomplete burning processes and a significant component of t... more Black carbon (BC) is the product of incomplete burning processes and a significant component of the passive soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. The role of BC in the global carbon cycle is still unclear. This study aimed to quantify and characterize BC in major grassland ecosystems of the world. Twenty-eight representative soil profiles (mainly Mollisols) were sampled in the Russian
... Forest Ecology and Management 54:8994. Ares, A., P. Zalba, and N. Peinemann. 1987. ... Austr... more ... Forest Ecology and Management 54:8994. Ares, A., P. Zalba, and N. Peinemann. 1987. ... Austral Ecology 32:5, 534-540 Online publication date: 1-Aug-2007. ENRIQUE J. CHANETON, C. NOEMÍ MAZIA, MARINA MACHERA, ANDREA UCHITEL, CLAUDIO M. GHERSA. ...
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2002
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study organic matter (OM) loss from soil columns with di... more Laboratory experiments were conducted to study organic matter (OM) loss from soil columns with different clay mineral composition and treated with high sodium (Na) and potassium (K) saline solutions (SAR and PAR ¼ 25Þ: Removal of organic and inorganic colloids was evaluated by determining organic matter content in the soil at the end of the trial and measuring absorbency of the percolated solutions. Though clay dispersion after magnesium (Mg) treatment was marked in the case of illitic and smectitic soils, little effect was detected in kaolinitic soil. For treatments with solutions containing Na, the highest removal of organic colloids was observed in illitic and kaolinitic soils. In smectitic soil this effect was more pronounced with calcium (Ca) in combination with Na and K. These findings have significance to 2291 explain differences in OM mobilization in salt affected depressions of different composition.
Influencia del ambiente edáfico y la fertilización nitrogenada, en cultivares de trigo diferencia... more Influencia del ambiente edáfico y la fertilización nitrogenada, en cultivares de trigo diferenciados por su potencial.
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Feb 4, 2007
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study organic matter (OM) loss from soil columns with di... more Laboratory experiments were conducted to study organic matter (OM) loss from soil columns with different clay mineral composition and treated with high sodium (Na) and potassium (K) saline solutions (SAR and PAR ¼ 25Þ: Removal of organic and inorganic colloids was evaluated by determining organic matter content in the soil at the end of the trial and measuring absorbency of the percolated solutions. Though clay dispersion after magnesium (Mg) treatment was marked in the case of illitic and smectitic soils, little effect was detected in kaolinitic soil. For treatments with solutions containing Na, the highest removal of organic colloids was observed in illitic and kaolinitic soils. In smectitic soil this effect was more pronounced with calcium (Ca) in combination with Na and K. These findings have significance to 2291 explain differences in OM mobilization in salt affected depressions of different composition.
Particle size fractions were separated by sedimentation from the A horizon of soils developed on ... more Particle size fractions were separated by sedimentation from the A horizon of soils developed on two types of loess (II, IV), on an alluvial material (III) and on a basaltic rock (I). X-ray powder diffraction traces were used to identify the mineralogical composition of the isolated fractions and their CEC was determined. The obtained data showed the following clay type
In order to study the effect of crop residues on the efficiency of water storage, available nitro... more In order to study the effect of crop residues on the efficiency of water storage, available nitrogen and sulphate dynamics during fallow with and without weed presence, ten experiments with different levels of residue (A: 10,000 kg MS ha-1, M: 5,000 kg MS ha-1, B: less than 2,000 kg MS ha-1) were set up in Haplustolls of the tosca and dune plains in La Pampa and south of Córdoba. Each residue treatment was divided into sub-plots with different weed management: without weed control (malezas) and with control (barbecho). Soil texture, bulk density, permanent wilting pint, and organic matter were determined in each site. At the beginning and end of fallow soil water contents, nitrate (N) and soluble and adsorbed sulphates (S) were measured in samples from 0 -0.2m depth. At all sites the water content at the beginning of fallow was high (between 51 and 100% available water). Despite this, our results showed a positive effect of residue level on water contents at the end of fallow, with ...
To obtain information about the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of montmorillonite as affected by ... more To obtain information about the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of montmorillonite as affected by the sorption of charged organic molecules, montmorillonite samples were loaded with different amounts of positively charged molecules of safranin, toluidine blue, and negatively ...
... The Proctor Test was carried out according to AASHO Standard T-99 (Stengel et al. 1984) . ...... more ... The Proctor Test was carried out according to AASHO Standard T-99 (Stengel et al. 1984) . ... The mean slope of the ascendent part of the Proctor curve (Δ BD/Δ WC) expresses the susceptibility to compaction (Mettauer et al. 1983) . ...
The physical properties of coarse-textured soils in semi-arid regions often deteriorate with use.... more The physical properties of coarse-textured soils in semi-arid regions often deteriorate with use. We hypothesize that compaction is related to the cropping systems employed in accordance with the different water balances of the soils. Surface samples of 52 Entic Haplustolls under three different regimes (24 under continuous cultivation, 18 under rotation with grass leys and 10 virgin soils) were analysed for clay, silt, organic matter and water content, bulk density, resistance to penetration, hydraulic conductivity and susceptibility to compaction. Data were statistically analysed using regression equations and soils were distinguished on the basis of organic matter content and susceptibility to compaction. In soils of similar texture we found resistance to penetration and susceptibility to compaction to be inversely related to organic matter content and therefore higher under continuous cultivation. Hydraulic conductivity was lower in cultivated soils, especially those with a ®ne texture. The results show that in sandy to loam soils an increase of about 5 g kg À1 organic matter is required to achieve a 0.06 Mg m À3 decrease in bulk density at the proctor optimum. The results also indicate that the loss of organic matter occurring in the cultivated soils of the study region makes them more susceptible to compaction, which not only has adverse mechanical effects on plants but also gives rise to a considerable reduction in hydraulic conductivity. # .ar (N. Peinemann) 0167-1987/99/$ ± see front matter # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 1 6 7 -1 9 8 7 ( 9 9 ) 0 0 0 4 9 -5
Soil organic matter (SOM) is known to play a major role in soil fertility due to its influence on... more Soil organic matter (SOM) is known to play a major role in soil fertility due to its influence on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil; and it is closely related to particle size distribution. The ratio of SOM (g kg À1 ) to clay + silt content (g kg À1 ) was evaluated as an indicator of soil quality for barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain yield, reflecting N availability and soil physical conditions to which crop development is sensitive. Thirty-eight sites in the semiarid Pampa region of Argentina with a wide range of SOM and texture were evaluated for malting barley yield during three growing seasons. In control plots, 51% of grain yield could be explained by this indicator. The threshold value between high and low N-fertilization response was 4.4. Better yield prediction to almost 68% was achieved by combining the SOM to clay + silt indicator with initial nitrate content of the soil at seeding. This combined indicator was also able to explain a high proportion of water use efficiency, particularly in the early growth stages. The ratio of SOM to clay + silt content provided a better tool for estimating grain yield than nutrient availability or SOM alone. #
Halophytic coastal communities in Bahia Blanca, Argentina, were examined in relation to soil sali... more Halophytic coastal communities in Bahia Blanca, Argentina, were examined in relation to soil salinity along a transect from inland to the sea. The relationships between soil electrical conductivity and dominance-abundance values for different species were determined. The 'Chafiaral' community with its most conspicuous species Geoffroea decorticans was present in soils with the lowest salinity levels in the area. Halophytic underbush develops at soil salinity values of intermediate soil electrical conductivity, the characteristic species being CycIolepis genistoides, Atriplex undulata and SaIicornia ambigua. Halophytic shrub-like steppe vegetation, dominated by AIIenroIfea patagonica or Heterostachys ritteriana, is present in soils with high salinity. It is concluded that the ionic composition of plants was a stable characteristic for different species and did not vary with changes in soil salinity.
We studied abundance as well as some morphological and physiological characteristics of six group... more We studied abundance as well as some morphological and physiological characteristics of six groups of bacteria (total aerobic, proteolytics, ammonifiers, nitrifiers, denitrifiers and bacteria from N-free medium) in six toposequences with salt-affected soils in the semiarid region of Argentina. Abundance of most groups of bacteria was positively related with soil organic matter content and inversely related with soil pH (within a pH range of 7 to 10.5), exchangeable sodium and soil depth. CaCO 3 and electric conductivity were only related to the abundance of some bacterial groups in A and C horizons. Predictive equations for each toposequence explained between 31 and 89% of the variance in bacterial abundance. Multivariate relationships between bacterial groups and soil factors also indicated that organic matter content and pH were more important factors to influence microbial abundance than salt content in these soils. All the groups examined were present in the salt crusts which reached electric conductivity values of up to 216 dS/m. Bacillus spp. and coryneform bacteria prevailed among the 537 strains isolated from A to C horizons. Neither Azotobacter nor halophilic bacteria were found with the culture media utilized. One third of the 42 strains which grew in N-free medium utilized D-glucose and 55% did not use the sugars tested. All bacterial groups were more affected by NaCl than by Na 2 SO 4 in laboratory tests with no groups surviving NaCl concentrations of 100 g/l.
Black carbon (BC) is the product of incomplete burning processes and a significant component of t... more Black carbon (BC) is the product of incomplete burning processes and a significant component of the passive soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. The role of BC in the global carbon cycle is still unclear. This study aimed to quantify and characterize BC in major grassland ecosystems of the world. Twenty-eight representative soil profiles (mainly Mollisols) were sampled in the Russian
... Forest Ecology and Management 54:8994. Ares, A., P. Zalba, and N. Peinemann. 1987. ... Austr... more ... Forest Ecology and Management 54:8994. Ares, A., P. Zalba, and N. Peinemann. 1987. ... Austral Ecology 32:5, 534-540 Online publication date: 1-Aug-2007. ENRIQUE J. CHANETON, C. NOEMÍ MAZIA, MARINA MACHERA, ANDREA UCHITEL, CLAUDIO M. GHERSA. ...
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2002
Laboratory experiments were conducted to study organic matter (OM) loss from soil columns with di... more Laboratory experiments were conducted to study organic matter (OM) loss from soil columns with different clay mineral composition and treated with high sodium (Na) and potassium (K) saline solutions (SAR and PAR ¼ 25Þ: Removal of organic and inorganic colloids was evaluated by determining organic matter content in the soil at the end of the trial and measuring absorbency of the percolated solutions. Though clay dispersion after magnesium (Mg) treatment was marked in the case of illitic and smectitic soils, little effect was detected in kaolinitic soil. For treatments with solutions containing Na, the highest removal of organic colloids was observed in illitic and kaolinitic soils. In smectitic soil this effect was more pronounced with calcium (Ca) in combination with Na and K. These findings have significance to 2291 explain differences in OM mobilization in salt affected depressions of different composition.
Uploads
Papers by Norman Peinemann