Indoor accessibility is often evaluated with the networks extracted from buildings. For instance,... more Indoor accessibility is often evaluated with the networks extracted from buildings. For instance, circulation networks with depth cost are applied to floor design. A group of data models supports the extraction of indoor networks from buildings, and these networks are widely used to evaluate the accessibility of users. However, the existing cases are mostly devised for static environments, that is, without consideration of dynamic obstacles. This assumption may contradict the fact of daily changes such as pedestrian flow and temporal blockage. Except emergency scenarios, these daily temporal changes can interrupt the continuous movement of a user, and they shall be considered for data modeling of indoor networks. Thus, this article proposes a concise data model which can manage daily temporal changes of accessibility and support related accessibility queries. In the data model, we consider indoor accessibility on two levels of detail, that is, the room and sub‐room levels. On the room level, we revise a gravity model to measure the accessibility variation of rooms influenced by temporal obstacles. On the sub‐room level, we continuously update obstacle‐avoiding networks adapted to temporal obstacles. In this case, the accessibility of a user at any location can be assessed and time‐dependent accurate routes can be planned at different moments. We implemented this spatial data model in the DBMS PostgreSQL and its feasibility was demonstrated with the test in a campus building. The data model can be applied to daily checks of user accessibility and can be further incorporated with indoor sensor systems and simulation models to predict accessibility variation.
FIG Working Week 2020: Smart Surveyors for Land & Water Management, 2020
In our earlier study, the land administration system in Saudi Arabia has been analyzed to develop... more In our earlier study, the land administration system in Saudi Arabia has been analyzed to develop the initial country profile based on LADM. The testing and validation of the initial country profile have shown that only the necessary information has been covered, and there is much critical information related to the property registration still not covered. Therefore, this paper proposes the methodology of improving the initial country profile by including new classes and attributes to the spatial and non-spatial classes. For the development of the LADM profile for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the following steps have been applied:• Conducting interviews with the stakeholders to collect information about theregulations of the land/building ownership.• Validating and testing the current country profile.• Collecting a real use case data to assess the mode
Companion Publication of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, 2020
We developed a 3D-Enhanced Facility Management System for Indoors Navigation (3D-EFMS-IN) to assi... more We developed a 3D-Enhanced Facility Management System for Indoors Navigation (3D-EFMS-IN) to assist visually impaired users (VIU). Additionally, the system aims to facilitate the management of estate property and provide support for future scenarios related to emergencies, security, and robotics devices. The system combines four main subsystems: Mapping, Navigation Paths, Indoor Localisation and Navigation, and a Visualisation. An Integration of the subsystems has been done and a pretest with one VIU was performed to obtain feedback and tune the critical characteristics of our development. We observed that the system offers an acceptable preliminary user experience for VIU and future tests require to improve the latency of the system and usability. Shortly, we aim to obtain qualitative and quantitative measurements in a significant pool of users once the COVID lockdown ends.
Abstract This paper presents in detail the legislation and regulation related to the use and owne... more Abstract This paper presents in detail the legislation and regulation related to the use and ownership of building complexes with multiple units (apartments, condominiums) in Saudi Arabia for the 3D registration of the legal spaces. The 3D Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)country profile for Saudi Arabia must be able to represent the identified concepts for multi-owner buildings. Today, there is a trend to directly design these buildings in 3D. Within the spatial development lifecycle thinking, this design will be reused via Building Information Modelling (BIM)/ Industry Foundation Class (IFC) encodings in the subsequent phases, such as, obtaining permits, financing, constructing, etc. However, in order to support the next step, the cadastral registration, we present, at this paper, a mapping from the BIM/IFC to the LADM, both at conceptual modelling and at the level of the individual units with their geometry and topology. This mapping requires that the BIM/IFC file contains sufficient information to identify the different spaces being part of a property. Three different main type of spaces are identified: private part, common part, and exclusive common part. A single property may contain multiple disconnected components, such as the main apartment, the storage in the basement, and a car park. In turn, a component, such as the main apartment, may contain multiple connected spaces, i.e. the various rooms of the main apartment. In addition to mapping the concepts at class level from IFC to LADM, we also extract rules for treating the spaces of various types of walls, slabs, roofs, and constructive elements, such as foundation and pillars. The presented approach is tested with a real-world example IFC file, identifying the issues to be improved, i.e. guidelines for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector to produce IFC file which can be more easy used as input for 3D Land Administration with minimal manual interventions. This research bridges the gap between the project-oriented world of the AEC sector (with BIM/IFC files) and the legal registration as described through the ISO 19152. Though many of the presented findings are based on the legislation and case study in Saudi Arabia, we have the rather strong impression, that these findings will not be very different in other countries.
Journal of Architecture and Built Environment, 2019
Excavation work takes place almost continually in most cities around the Western hemisphere. Many... more Excavation work takes place almost continually in most cities around the Western hemisphere. Many cities are already full of infrastructures, buried networks, and street furniture, so excavation work is not without any thread to the operator and surrounding environment. Small construction sites, for example, are often constrained by operating infrastructure on surface level and underground. Although different agencies and network owners have information about the location of the objects that put excavation work at risk, this information is not centralized. Different organizations manage location information of buried cables, unexploded ordnance, and pollution, for example. This significantly complicates the early-stage planning and last minute risk assessment processes because professionals need to manually collect, assess, and integrate data about subsurface objects into a comprehensive risk assessment. To smoothen this process, ExcaSafeZone project, therefore, develops a system th...
Outdoor navigation is widely used in daily life, but faces various issues related to the fidelity... more Outdoor navigation is widely used in daily life, but faces various issues related to the fidelity of outdoor navigation networks. For instance, agents (pedestrians) are often guided via unrealistic detours around places without clear paths (e.g., squares) or if there are vertical constraints such as overpasses/bridges. This is partly explained by the fact that the main sources of navigation networks in current outdoor navigation are two‐dimensional road/street networks. Utilizing a three‐dimensional space‐based navigation model, compatible with some indoor approaches, is a popular way to address the above‐mentioned issues. A 3D space‐based navigation model is generated by treating 3D spaces as nodes and the shared faces as edges. Inputs of this model are enclosed 3D spaces (volumes). However, outdoor spaces are generally open and unbounded. This article puts forward an approach to enclose outdoor spaces and mimic the indoor environments to derive a network based on connectivity and ...
ABSTRACT Seamless navigation has attracted lots of attention and many methods have been reported ... more ABSTRACT Seamless navigation has attracted lots of attention and many methods have been reported in the literature or made available as commercial applications. The process of navigation can be interpreted as a continuous movement of 3D objects from one unoccupied 3D indoor/outdoor space to another. From a technical perspective, a 3D navigation model is one of the critical components that should be available to perform successful navigation. A major approach to build a unified navigation model to support seamless path computation is linking indoor navigation networks to outdoor road/street-based networks. Because of different sources of indoor and outdoor navigation networks, the major approach fails to build up true seamless navigation models. With regards to this, we propose a unified 3D space-based navigation model (U3DSNM). The presented model ensures all types of spaces for navigation (indoor, semi-indoor, semi-outdoor, and outdoor) have the same representation, management methods, and network derivation approach, thereby building up unified navigation networks to support seamless navigation paths planning. The model can be linked to the international standards (data models) that are also based on spaces, such as IndoorGML and the on-going version of CityGML 3.0. Three navigation path planning cases show the feasibility of U3DSNM.
Contemporary public buildings are becoming conglomerates of open, semi‐open and closed spaces, wi... more Contemporary public buildings are becoming conglomerates of open, semi‐open and closed spaces, with indoor, outdoor and underground sections. For humans and robots to navigate seamlessly through such environments, new flexible approaches need to be developed. Navigation systems generally rely on a network (nodes and edges) as an abstraction of underlying space availability. However, indoor and outdoor networks have different origins. While indoor systems rely on indoor space subdivision approaches, current outdoor systems utilize road‐based network approaches. Linking such networks via particular nodes is possible but restrictive. Many spaces in the built environment are not strictly indoor or outdoor spaces and are thus often omitted from navigation networks, further limiting navigation options. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce a new space definition framework in which the entire built environment is categorized into indoor, outdoor, semi‐indoor and semi‐outdoor spaces....
Indoor accessibility is often evaluated with the networks extracted from buildings. For instance,... more Indoor accessibility is often evaluated with the networks extracted from buildings. For instance, circulation networks with depth cost are applied to floor design. A group of data models supports the extraction of indoor networks from buildings, and these networks are widely used to evaluate the accessibility of users. However, the existing cases are mostly devised for static environments, that is, without consideration of dynamic obstacles. This assumption may contradict the fact of daily changes such as pedestrian flow and temporal blockage. Except emergency scenarios, these daily temporal changes can interrupt the continuous movement of a user, and they shall be considered for data modeling of indoor networks. Thus, this article proposes a concise data model which can manage daily temporal changes of accessibility and support related accessibility queries. In the data model, we consider indoor accessibility on two levels of detail, that is, the room and sub‐room levels. On the room level, we revise a gravity model to measure the accessibility variation of rooms influenced by temporal obstacles. On the sub‐room level, we continuously update obstacle‐avoiding networks adapted to temporal obstacles. In this case, the accessibility of a user at any location can be assessed and time‐dependent accurate routes can be planned at different moments. We implemented this spatial data model in the DBMS PostgreSQL and its feasibility was demonstrated with the test in a campus building. The data model can be applied to daily checks of user accessibility and can be further incorporated with indoor sensor systems and simulation models to predict accessibility variation.
FIG Working Week 2020: Smart Surveyors for Land & Water Management, 2020
In our earlier study, the land administration system in Saudi Arabia has been analyzed to develop... more In our earlier study, the land administration system in Saudi Arabia has been analyzed to develop the initial country profile based on LADM. The testing and validation of the initial country profile have shown that only the necessary information has been covered, and there is much critical information related to the property registration still not covered. Therefore, this paper proposes the methodology of improving the initial country profile by including new classes and attributes to the spatial and non-spatial classes. For the development of the LADM profile for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the following steps have been applied:• Conducting interviews with the stakeholders to collect information about theregulations of the land/building ownership.• Validating and testing the current country profile.• Collecting a real use case data to assess the mode
Companion Publication of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, 2020
We developed a 3D-Enhanced Facility Management System for Indoors Navigation (3D-EFMS-IN) to assi... more We developed a 3D-Enhanced Facility Management System for Indoors Navigation (3D-EFMS-IN) to assist visually impaired users (VIU). Additionally, the system aims to facilitate the management of estate property and provide support for future scenarios related to emergencies, security, and robotics devices. The system combines four main subsystems: Mapping, Navigation Paths, Indoor Localisation and Navigation, and a Visualisation. An Integration of the subsystems has been done and a pretest with one VIU was performed to obtain feedback and tune the critical characteristics of our development. We observed that the system offers an acceptable preliminary user experience for VIU and future tests require to improve the latency of the system and usability. Shortly, we aim to obtain qualitative and quantitative measurements in a significant pool of users once the COVID lockdown ends.
Abstract This paper presents in detail the legislation and regulation related to the use and owne... more Abstract This paper presents in detail the legislation and regulation related to the use and ownership of building complexes with multiple units (apartments, condominiums) in Saudi Arabia for the 3D registration of the legal spaces. The 3D Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)country profile for Saudi Arabia must be able to represent the identified concepts for multi-owner buildings. Today, there is a trend to directly design these buildings in 3D. Within the spatial development lifecycle thinking, this design will be reused via Building Information Modelling (BIM)/ Industry Foundation Class (IFC) encodings in the subsequent phases, such as, obtaining permits, financing, constructing, etc. However, in order to support the next step, the cadastral registration, we present, at this paper, a mapping from the BIM/IFC to the LADM, both at conceptual modelling and at the level of the individual units with their geometry and topology. This mapping requires that the BIM/IFC file contains sufficient information to identify the different spaces being part of a property. Three different main type of spaces are identified: private part, common part, and exclusive common part. A single property may contain multiple disconnected components, such as the main apartment, the storage in the basement, and a car park. In turn, a component, such as the main apartment, may contain multiple connected spaces, i.e. the various rooms of the main apartment. In addition to mapping the concepts at class level from IFC to LADM, we also extract rules for treating the spaces of various types of walls, slabs, roofs, and constructive elements, such as foundation and pillars. The presented approach is tested with a real-world example IFC file, identifying the issues to be improved, i.e. guidelines for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector to produce IFC file which can be more easy used as input for 3D Land Administration with minimal manual interventions. This research bridges the gap between the project-oriented world of the AEC sector (with BIM/IFC files) and the legal registration as described through the ISO 19152. Though many of the presented findings are based on the legislation and case study in Saudi Arabia, we have the rather strong impression, that these findings will not be very different in other countries.
Journal of Architecture and Built Environment, 2019
Excavation work takes place almost continually in most cities around the Western hemisphere. Many... more Excavation work takes place almost continually in most cities around the Western hemisphere. Many cities are already full of infrastructures, buried networks, and street furniture, so excavation work is not without any thread to the operator and surrounding environment. Small construction sites, for example, are often constrained by operating infrastructure on surface level and underground. Although different agencies and network owners have information about the location of the objects that put excavation work at risk, this information is not centralized. Different organizations manage location information of buried cables, unexploded ordnance, and pollution, for example. This significantly complicates the early-stage planning and last minute risk assessment processes because professionals need to manually collect, assess, and integrate data about subsurface objects into a comprehensive risk assessment. To smoothen this process, ExcaSafeZone project, therefore, develops a system th...
Outdoor navigation is widely used in daily life, but faces various issues related to the fidelity... more Outdoor navigation is widely used in daily life, but faces various issues related to the fidelity of outdoor navigation networks. For instance, agents (pedestrians) are often guided via unrealistic detours around places without clear paths (e.g., squares) or if there are vertical constraints such as overpasses/bridges. This is partly explained by the fact that the main sources of navigation networks in current outdoor navigation are two‐dimensional road/street networks. Utilizing a three‐dimensional space‐based navigation model, compatible with some indoor approaches, is a popular way to address the above‐mentioned issues. A 3D space‐based navigation model is generated by treating 3D spaces as nodes and the shared faces as edges. Inputs of this model are enclosed 3D spaces (volumes). However, outdoor spaces are generally open and unbounded. This article puts forward an approach to enclose outdoor spaces and mimic the indoor environments to derive a network based on connectivity and ...
ABSTRACT Seamless navigation has attracted lots of attention and many methods have been reported ... more ABSTRACT Seamless navigation has attracted lots of attention and many methods have been reported in the literature or made available as commercial applications. The process of navigation can be interpreted as a continuous movement of 3D objects from one unoccupied 3D indoor/outdoor space to another. From a technical perspective, a 3D navigation model is one of the critical components that should be available to perform successful navigation. A major approach to build a unified navigation model to support seamless path computation is linking indoor navigation networks to outdoor road/street-based networks. Because of different sources of indoor and outdoor navigation networks, the major approach fails to build up true seamless navigation models. With regards to this, we propose a unified 3D space-based navigation model (U3DSNM). The presented model ensures all types of spaces for navigation (indoor, semi-indoor, semi-outdoor, and outdoor) have the same representation, management methods, and network derivation approach, thereby building up unified navigation networks to support seamless navigation paths planning. The model can be linked to the international standards (data models) that are also based on spaces, such as IndoorGML and the on-going version of CityGML 3.0. Three navigation path planning cases show the feasibility of U3DSNM.
Contemporary public buildings are becoming conglomerates of open, semi‐open and closed spaces, wi... more Contemporary public buildings are becoming conglomerates of open, semi‐open and closed spaces, with indoor, outdoor and underground sections. For humans and robots to navigate seamlessly through such environments, new flexible approaches need to be developed. Navigation systems generally rely on a network (nodes and edges) as an abstraction of underlying space availability. However, indoor and outdoor networks have different origins. While indoor systems rely on indoor space subdivision approaches, current outdoor systems utilize road‐based network approaches. Linking such networks via particular nodes is possible but restrictive. Many spaces in the built environment are not strictly indoor or outdoor spaces and are thus often omitted from navigation networks, further limiting navigation options. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce a new space definition framework in which the entire built environment is categorized into indoor, outdoor, semi‐indoor and semi‐outdoor spaces....
Valuation of real estate/ properties is
in many countries/ cities the basis
for fair taxation. ... more Valuation of real estate/ properties is
in many countries/ cities the basis
for fair taxation. The property value
depends on many aspects, including the
physical real world aspects (geometries,
material of object as build) and legal/
virtual aspects (rights, restrictions,
responsibilities, zoning/development
plans applicable to the objects spaces).
The aim of this study is to investigate the
opportunities provided by the semantically
rich 3D building and cadastral models for
valuation and taxation. In this paper we
investigate the following related aspects:
1. Relationship between physical
real world objects and legal
(virtual) objects,
2. Use of (semantically rich) 2D and
3D descriptions of both physical
real world objects and legal (virtual)
objects for valuation, and
3. Maintenance of the 3D information
Urban and regional data management; 26th Urban Data Management Symposium; ; Urban Data Management Society UDMS Symposium 2007. ISBN: 978-0-415-44059-2. pp. 171-184, 2007
In infrastructural projects, communication between involved parties is difficult. This is, among ... more In infrastructural projects, communication between involved parties is difficult. This is, among other things, caused by lacking quality and uncertainty information concerning collected data and derived real world representations. Particularly in subsurface geotechnical representations uncertainties are high, since only sparse information is available for the interpretation. This leads to the introduction of “interpretational uncertainties” into the representation; that are, uncertainties introduced by the expert using own knowledge and experience for the data interpretation. That is what, in addition to the variety of data and information types, makes a harmonization of geo-information extremely difficult. This paper summarizes available methods and software packages as used by different professionals in infrastructural development for the representation of real world and design objects as well as for the management of geoinformation. Furthermore, it emphasizes existing problems and gaps towards the harmonized handling of geo-information including uncertainty estimations; with focus on ‘interpretation uncertainties’ in subsurface representations.
“Gebrekkige communicatie was grootste veroorzaker faalkosten” was de kop boven een recent persber... more “Gebrekkige communicatie was grootste veroorzaker faalkosten” was de kop boven een recent persbericht over missers in de bouwsector. De “post” faalkosten wordt op een schrikbarende 6 miljard ingeschat: 10% van de bouwomzet, volgens USP Consultancy. Dit bureau onderzocht recent waar die kosten vooral uit bestonden. De bouwsector schrijft de oorzaak behalve aan te weinig aandacht voor uitvoerbaarheid in de omwerpfase (20%), voornamelijk toe aan een gebrekkige gegevensuitwisseling en communicatie (21%). Her bouwproces is wat betreft aantal partijen en deelprocessen immers bijzonder complex. Al deze min of meer losse partijen en processen moeten gecoördineerd en op elkaar afgestemd worden. Waar zich veel afstemmingsmomenten voordoen, is het risico op “falen” ook groot. De aandacht voor gegevensuitwisseling is dus essentieel en standaardisatie, technisch en semantisch, eerder eis dan wens. GIS/CAD-fabrikanten als Autodesk en Bentley richten hun software daarom in op verbetering van de onderlinge communicatie tijdens civiele projecten. Zodat iedereen over dezelfde informatie beschikt en er de status van kent. Het gaat niet alleen om “communicatie”, maar vooral ook om de kwaliteit van de gebruikte en uitgewisselde gegevens. Een voorbeeld is de zettingstrog van bijna een meter diep, die boven een doordruk persleiding van 1,9 meter diameter ontstond op de baan van de Rijswijkse Golfclub. De persleiding ligt ter plaatse meer dan 20 meter onder de grond en het is een volstrekt raadsel hoe dit kon gebeuren. Onnauwkeurige en incomplete gegevens van de ondergrond en/of een extreem slechte uitvoering van her werk door miscommunicatie ligt voor de hand.
Increased demand for tools that allow merging of Building Information Models with GIS models is o... more Increased demand for tools that allow merging of Building Information Models with GIS models is observed in the last several years. Professionals from both domains are looking for solutions to seamlessly integrate such models for various purposes such as, building and construction analysis, urban planning, tourism, cadastre, homeland security, etc. Researchers suggested that the best approach for such integration is harmonised semantics, which will allow formal mappings between the design (BIM) and real world (GIS) models. Although many geometric models have been developed in both domains, the number of semantic models is relatively few. Two most prominent semantic models in the design and real worlds are currently IFC and CityGML. Several studies demonstrate the transfer of information from IFC models into the CityGML but the literature is lacking a formal and descriptive framework for automatic generation of buildings in CityGML using the IFC models. This paper presents preliminary ideas for defining a semantic mapping, which will allow automatic transformations between the two models.
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Papers by Sisi Zlatanova
in many countries/ cities the basis
for fair taxation. The property value
depends on many aspects, including the
physical real world aspects (geometries,
material of object as build) and legal/
virtual aspects (rights, restrictions,
responsibilities, zoning/development
plans applicable to the objects spaces).
The aim of this study is to investigate the
opportunities provided by the semantically
rich 3D building and cadastral models for
valuation and taxation. In this paper we
investigate the following related aspects:
1. Relationship between physical
real world objects and legal
(virtual) objects,
2. Use of (semantically rich) 2D and
3D descriptions of both physical
real world objects and legal (virtual)
objects for valuation, and
3. Maintenance of the 3D information