The permanent relocation of persons from areas threatened by environmental stress is widely seen ... more The permanent relocation of persons from areas threatened by environmental stress is widely seen within the international humanitarian sector as problematic due to negative social and economic impacts. However, relocation is increasingly seen as a likely, if unfortunate, response to climate change as rising sea-levels, changing ecological conditions, and increasingly intense disasters create powerful push factors. The more dramatic examples of environmental migration focus on long-distance movements, including crossing national borders, which raise issues about the importance of social capital for migrants trying to build community cohesion and integrate into different cultural contexts. However, it is likely that most relocation because of environment stress will occur at sub-national to very local geographic scales, similar to what happens after large-scale disasters, meaning that persons might be resettled within familiar cultural, linguistic, and religious contexts. In this paper we use qualitative data collected in 12 resettlement complexes built in Aceh, Indonesia for persons displaced by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami to analyze the importance of social capital for building cohesion within resettlement complexes and between resettlement complexes and host communities. We find that even though tsunami-affected persons were generally relocated less than 20 km from their pre-tsunami homes, there were clear social distinctions between resettled persons and host communities, which had practical impacts on integration, access to resources, and participation within local governance structures. We found shared cultural and religious traditions and social practices served as important sources of bonding capital within resettlement complexes. However, the same attributes were less effective as bridging capital between resettlement complexes and their host communities. These findings show that governments and NGOs need to be cautious about underestimating the negative social disruptions caused by short-distance relocation and the importance of bonding social capital for fostering stable and sustainable resettlement communities.
Coastal area is the most tsunami prone area. Many efforts have been done either by government or ... more Coastal area is the most tsunami prone area. Many efforts have been done either by government or non-government organizations to minimize disaster impact. Resilient village program (Destana Program) is one of those efforts that is aimed to obtain community resilience in facing disasters. The purpose of this research is to examine Destana Program that had been done by two different organizations toward community resilience in coastal area after tsunami: study case of two villages in Aceh Besar. The data within this research were collected by delivering questionnaires, interviews and direct observation in relation to community resilience. The collected data were tested by using independent sample t-test and categorized based on the average. The results show that is differences between Destana Program which is conducted by Local Management Agency of Aceh Besar and by non-government organization. The results also indicate that resilience score of Gampong Kahju is higher than Gampong Pul...
The government has undertaken a relocation program to address the housing problems caused by the ... more The government has undertaken a relocation program to address the housing problems caused by the earthquake and tsunami of December 26, 2004 in Aceh. However, the relocation of tsunami survivors also caused other impacts after the relocation was carried out. If the relocation site is not as desirable, it can cause tsunami survivors to decide to out-migrate the relocation area. This study was conducted to determine factors that significantly affect the decision of migration of tsunami survivors from the relocation area. This research is expected to provide information on post-disaster relocation for consideration in making relocation policy in the future. We use classification tree, which is part of the CART (Classification and Regression Trees) method. The data used is from The Aftermaid of Aid (AoA) survey conducted by International Center for Aceh and Indian Ocean Studies (ICAIOS) and Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) during 2014-2015. The results of the research indicate the f...
The permanent relocation of persons from areas threatened by environmental stress is widely seen ... more The permanent relocation of persons from areas threatened by environmental stress is widely seen within the international humanitarian sector as problematic due to negative social and economic impacts. However, relocation is increasingly seen as a likely, if unfortunate, response to climate change as rising sea-levels, changing ecological conditions, and increasingly intense disasters create powerful push factors. The more dramatic examples of environmental migration focus on long-distance movements, including crossing national borders, which raise issues about the importance of social capital for migrants trying to build community cohesion and integrate into different cultural contexts. However, it is likely that most relocation because of environment stress will occur at sub-national to very local geographic scales, similar to what happens after large-scale disasters, meaning that persons might be resettled within familiar cultural, linguistic, and religious contexts. In this paper we use qualitative data collected in 12 resettlement complexes built in Aceh, Indonesia for persons displaced by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami to analyze the importance of social capital for building cohesion within resettlement complexes and between resettlement complexes and host communities. We find that even though tsunami-affected persons were generally relocated less than 20 km from their pre-tsunami homes, there were clear social distinctions between resettled persons and host communities, which had practical impacts on integration, access to resources, and participation within local governance structures. We found shared cultural and religious traditions and social practices served as important sources of bonding capital within resettlement complexes. However, the same attributes were less effective as bridging capital between resettlement complexes and their host communities. These findings show that governments and NGOs need to be cautious about underestimating the negative social disruptions caused by short-distance relocation and the importance of bonding social capital for fostering stable and sustainable resettlement communities.
Coastal area is the most tsunami prone area. Many efforts have been done either by government or ... more Coastal area is the most tsunami prone area. Many efforts have been done either by government or non-government organizations to minimize disaster impact. Resilient village program (Destana Program) is one of those efforts that is aimed to obtain community resilience in facing disasters. The purpose of this research is to examine Destana Program that had been done by two different organizations toward community resilience in coastal area after tsunami: study case of two villages in Aceh Besar. The data within this research were collected by delivering questionnaires, interviews and direct observation in relation to community resilience. The collected data were tested by using independent sample t-test and categorized based on the average. The results show that is differences between Destana Program which is conducted by Local Management Agency of Aceh Besar and by non-government organization. The results also indicate that resilience score of Gampong Kahju is higher than Gampong Pul...
The government has undertaken a relocation program to address the housing problems caused by the ... more The government has undertaken a relocation program to address the housing problems caused by the earthquake and tsunami of December 26, 2004 in Aceh. However, the relocation of tsunami survivors also caused other impacts after the relocation was carried out. If the relocation site is not as desirable, it can cause tsunami survivors to decide to out-migrate the relocation area. This study was conducted to determine factors that significantly affect the decision of migration of tsunami survivors from the relocation area. This research is expected to provide information on post-disaster relocation for consideration in making relocation policy in the future. We use classification tree, which is part of the CART (Classification and Regression Trees) method. The data used is from The Aftermaid of Aid (AoA) survey conducted by International Center for Aceh and Indian Ocean Studies (ICAIOS) and Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) during 2014-2015. The results of the research indicate the f...
Dengan bertambahnya populasi di daerah pesisir dan naiknya permukaan laut, keputusan rekonstruksi... more Dengan bertambahnya populasi di daerah pesisir dan naiknya permukaan laut, keputusan rekonstruksi pasca bencana di daerah pesisir semakin menjadi faktor penentu kerentanan sosial dan juga keberlanjutan pembangunan di masa mendatang. Sektor kemanusiaan lebih cenderung mendukung pembangunan kembali di tempat semula demi menghindari dampak gangguan sosial dari relokasi massal, akan tetapi pada kenyataannya keinginan orang-orang yang terpapar bencana beragam. Dengan menggunakan kasus pascatsunami di Banda Aceh, Indonesia, kami menyelidiki apakah kebijakan untuk membangun kembali di daerah terpapar bencana cocok untuk populasi urban yang sebelumnya tidak memiliki pengetahuan tentang bencana tersebut. Kami menemukan bahwa setelah tsunami, sebagian besar dari populasi lebih memilih untuk tinggal jauh dari pesisir. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya harga premium untuk properti di daerah daratan yang jauh dari pesisir dan pemilahan sosial ekonomi di daerah pesisir yang dihuni oleh keluarga atau rumah tangga miskin. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa menawarkan bantuan rekonstruksi yang didominasi pada daerah terpapar bencana dapat secara tidak sengaja memindahkan risiko bencana kepada orang-orang miskin.
With coastal populations growing and sea levels rising, reconstruction decisions after coastal di... more With coastal populations growing and sea levels rising, reconstruction decisions after coastal disasters are increasingly consequential determinants of future societal vulnerability and thus the sustainability of development. The humanitarian sector tends to favour rebuilding in-place to avoid the social disruptions of mass relocation, yet evidence on what affected people want is mixed. Using the case of post-tsunami Banda Aceh, Indonesia, we investigate whether a policy to rebuild in-place in the disaster-affected area suits an urban population that was previously unaware of the hazard. We show that following the tsunami, a substantial proportion of the population prefers to live farther from the coast. This has caused a new price premium for inland properties and socio-economic sorting of poorer households into coastal areas. These findings show that offering reconstruction aid predominantly within a hazard-exposed area can inadvertently transfer disaster risk to the poor.
A B S T R A C T Tsunami vertical evacuation (TVE) buildings have the potential to save many lives... more A B S T R A C T Tsunami vertical evacuation (TVE) buildings have the potential to save many lives. Yet whether TVE buildings actually save lives depends critically on whether people trust and evacuate to them, a question that has not previously been researched. We examine the case of the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, where a M8.6 earthquake on 11-April-2012 caused a spontaneous mass evacuation but no tsunami. Our survey of residents living near TVE buildings (n = 202) shows that they clearly prefer horizontal evacuation: in the 2012 earthquake, only 26% evacuated to a TVE building, while 74% evacuated horizontally; if a similar earthquake happened in the future, only 32% intend to evacuate to a TVE building, while 68% intend to evacuate horizontally. To investigate the reasons for this, we extend protection motivation theory to examine people's choices among protective actions under social influence. Those who prefer to evacuate horizontally do not trust the safety of the TVE building and think they can reach a safe inland destination in time, while those who prefer to evacuate to a TVE building think they cannot reach a safe inland destination in time. Encouragement from friends and family influences people's evacuation destinations but official information and training do not. These findings suggest that more attention to the social context is crucial for the effectiveness of TVE buildings. Our extension of protection motivation theory to include choices among protective actions under social influence can be broadly useful in research on self-protective behavior in natural hazards, public health, and other contexts.
PUSLITBANG LEKTUR, KHAZANAH KEAGAMAAN, DAN MANAJEMEN ORGANISASI BADAN LITBANG DAN DIKLAT KEMENTERIAN AGAMA RI BEKERJASAMA DENGAN INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR ACEH AND INDIAN OCEAN STUDIES (ICAIOS), 2019
Penelitian Kajian Tematik Manuskrip Keagamaan tentang Bencana ini berupaya untuk mengetahui keari... more Penelitian Kajian Tematik Manuskrip Keagamaan tentang Bencana ini berupaya untuk mengetahui kearifan lokal dan langkah-langkah praktis masyarakat dan ulama Aceh dalam penanggulangan bencana serta mengidentifikasi tindak lanjut yang perlu dilakukan oleh Kementrian Agama dalam meningkatkan peran penyuluh agama untuk membangun masyarakat tangguh bencana. Penelitian ini merupakan lanjutan dari penelitian tentang perspektif teologis dan filologis mengenai bencana dalam manuskrip-manuskrip keagamaan di Aceh yang dilaksanakan oleh Pusat Litbang Lektur Keagamaan Kementrian Agama dan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Ar-Raniry pada tahun 2018. Buku ini memaparkan hasil penelitian tentang kearifan lokal dan langkah-langkah praktis tersebut di berbagai wilayah Aceh.
Thi study is to identify relation between Aceh’s Village Financial Assistance Program (BKPG), Ind... more Thi study is to identify relation between Aceh’s Village Financial Assistance Program (BKPG), Indonesia’s national program of village fund (Dana Desa, DD), and the creation of village enterprise (BUMDes). It is also aimed at identifying innovation in the process and looking at the possibility of how the programs would make a village “enterprising”. We use both qualitative and quantitative data from interviews, FGD, and perception questionnaoire survey of 260 village heads in South Aceh. Descriptive statistics was used to find common trends and pattern and correlation analysis was incorporated. We find that BKPG precedes and its evaluation contributes to the shaping of the village fund. It also helps trigger the creation of many village enterprises in Aceh. Village enterprises in South Aceh faced serious sustainability problem until 2016. Correlation between cognitive understanding of the fund and attitude of village heads exist, but capacity and integrity to develop and sustain village enterprises remain weak. District government of South Aceh tackles sustainability issues by innovating in district budgeting in 2017, but to succeed as enterprising villages would need better human capacity. Given a unique context of post-conflict and post-disaster in Aceh, a diligent observation of cultural and social capital is needed on top of human and financial capital.
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determinants of future societal vulnerability and thus the sustainability of development. The humanitarian sector
tends to favour rebuilding in-place to avoid the social disruptions of mass relocation, yet evidence on what affected people
want is mixed. Using the case of post-tsunami Banda Aceh, Indonesia, we investigate whether a policy to rebuild in-place in
the disaster-affected area suits an urban population that was previously unaware of the hazard. We show that following the
tsunami, a substantial proportion of the population prefers to live farther from the coast. This has caused a new price premium
for inland properties and socio-economic sorting of poorer households into coastal areas. These findings show that offering
reconstruction aid predominantly within a hazard-exposed area can inadvertently transfer disaster risk to the poor.