Effect of Acetaminophen on the Estrous Cycle and Reproductive Hormones of female mice, 2022
In responding to the research question, what is the effect of acetaminophen on reproductive hormo... more In responding to the research question, what is the effect of acetaminophen on reproductive hormones and estrous cycles of mice? A study was undertaken to establish the potential impact of acetaminophen on the pituitary-gonadal axis. Reproductive hormones are critical drivers of regular estrous cycles in mammals. The hormones are required to achieve and maintain conception and the reproductive potential among domestic animal species. Up or down-regulation of any reproductive hormones interferes with the estrous cycle and may result in temporary or permanent infertility. Acetaminophen elicits analgesia through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and activation of the endocannabinoid system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acetaminophen on the estrous cycle and reproductive hormone levels. The study utilized 6-8 weeks old female mice divided into control and treatment groups with five mice each. The control and treatment group received normal saline and 200mg/kg acetaminophen via oral gavage for 20 days, respectively. There was no difference in the length and number of cycles observed, but there was a significant reduction in the frequency of proestrus in the treatment group. There was a delay in producing estradiol, Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the treatment group. From this study, acetaminophen negatively affected the estrous cycle and hormone production in the treated mice. The observed disruption in hormone patterns could be a potential cause of infertility for both humans and animals that use acetaminophen.
This study aimed to investigate yeast species associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in dair... more This study aimed to investigate yeast species associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in dairy farms. It is based on isolation using Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) followed by identification of isolates using HiCrome Candida agar and ITS-PCR-RFLP. Out of 405 milk samples, 31.6% were positive for yeast isolation on SDA. Based on HiCrome Candida agar and ITS-PCR assay, isolates were classified into 90 pure isolates and 38 mixed cultures. Only pure isolates were subjected to species identification and virulence evaluation. By HiCrome Candida agar media, the most frequently isolated species were C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. albicans (13.3% for each) while C. guilliermondii was the least isolated Candida species (1.5%). ITS-PCR-RFLP identified 67 isolates which included non-albicans Candida (NAC) species and Trichosporon assahii. Neither C. albicans nor C. galabrata were identified. Twenty-three isolates could not be identified by ITS-PCR-RFLP. Difference between the results of HiCrome Candida agar and ITS-PCR-RFLP methods was obvious. Considering slime production, 83.6% were slime producers while 16.4% were not. All strains of C. krusei, and C. tropicalis were slime producers. Regarding biofilm production, 80.6% of isolates had the ability to form biofilm ranged from strong (6%), moderate (14.9%) to weak (59.7%) while only 19.4% were non-biofilm producers. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of isolates displayed different susceptibility and resistance patterns. Conclusively, yeast mastitis in dairy cows demonstrates a growing problem. The diagnosis must rely on accurate laboratory diagnostic tests. The significance of NAC and other yeast genera specifically genus Trichosporon and their role in the etiology of mycotic mastitis should be emphasized.
International journal of Veterinary Science , 2022
In responding to the research question, what is the effect of acetaminophen on reproductive hormo... more In responding to the research question, what is the effect of acetaminophen on reproductive hormones and estrous cycles of mice? A study was undertaken to establish the potential impact of acetaminophen on the pituitary-gonadal axis. Reproductive hormones are critical drivers of regular estrous cycles in mammals. The hormones are required to achieve and maintain conception and the reproductive potential among domestic animal species. Up or down-regulation of any reproductive hormones interferes with the estrous cycle and may result in temporary or permanent infertility. Acetaminophen elicits analgesia through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and activation of the endocannabinoid system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acetaminophen on the estrous cycle and reproductive hormone levels. The study utilized 6-8 weeks old female mice divided into control and treatment groups with five mice each. The control and treatment group received normal saline and 200mg/kg acetaminophen via oral gavage for 20 days, respectively. There was no difference in the length and number of cycles observed, but there was a significant reduction in the frequency of proestrus in the treatment group. There was a delay in producing estradiol, Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the treatment group. From this study, acetaminophen negatively affected the estrous cycle and hormone production in the treated mice. The observed disruption in hormone patterns could be a potential cause of infertility for both humans and animals that use acetaminophen.
Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven yea... more Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven years was used to determine and compare their reproductive performance in Mwingi. Goats were kept under extensive conditions with natural breeding program. Kidding occurred all year round with a peak in August. The average age at first kidding was 1066.7±37.7 and 976.0±79 days for the Galla x Toggenburg cross and the Toggenburg, respectively. The average kidding intervals were 464.6±28.7, 439.2±39.5 and 371.7±63.1 days for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The effect of breed on the litter size and number of services per conception was significant (p<0.05). The average litter size were 1.25±0.02, 1.29±0.04 and 1.0±0.07 for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The average number of services per conception was 1.6±0.05 and 1.36±0.07 for the Galla and Galla x Toggenburg crosses, respectively. In spite of feed supplementation, ...
Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven yea... more Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven years was used to determine and compare their reproductive performance in Mwingi. Goats were kept under extensive conditions with natural breeding program. Kidding occurred all year round with a peak in August. The average age at first kidding was 1066.7±37.7 and 976.0±79 days for the Galla x Toggenburg cross and the Toggenburg, respectively. The average kidding intervals were 464.6±28.7, 439.2±39.5 and 371.7±63.1 days for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The effect of breed on the litter size and number of services per conception was significant (p<0.05). The average litter size were 1.25±0.02, 1.29±0.04 and 1.0±0.07 for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The average number of services per conception was 1.6±0.05 and 1.36±0.07 for the Galla and Galla x Toggenburg crosses, respectively. In spite of feed supplementation, ...
Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven yea... more Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven years was used to determine and compare their reproductive performance in Mwingi. Goats were kept under extensive conditions with natural breeding program. Kidding occurred all year round with a peak in August. The average age at first kidding was 1066.7±37.7 and 976.0±79 days for the Galla x Toggenburg cross and the Toggenburg, respectively. The average kidding intervals were 464.6±28.7, 439.2±39.5 and 371.7±63.1 days for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The effect of breed on the litter size and number of services per conception was significant (p<0.05). The average litter size were 1.25±0.02, 1.29±0.04 and 1.0±0.07 for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The average number of services per conception was 1.6±0.05 and 1.36±0.07 for the Galla and Galla x Toggenburg crosses, respectively. In spite of feed supplementation, the purebred Toggenburg. Performance was significantly lower than that of the Galla and the Galla x Toggenburg crosses. The study indicated that the Galla x Toggenburg cross was a better genotype in terms of reproductive performance in Mwingi and recommended as a better adapted goat in the area than the pure Toggenburg.
Effect of Acetaminophen on the Estrous Cycle and Reproductive Hormones of female mice, 2022
In responding to the research question, what is the effect of acetaminophen on reproductive hormo... more In responding to the research question, what is the effect of acetaminophen on reproductive hormones and estrous cycles of mice? A study was undertaken to establish the potential impact of acetaminophen on the pituitary-gonadal axis. Reproductive hormones are critical drivers of regular estrous cycles in mammals. The hormones are required to achieve and maintain conception and the reproductive potential among domestic animal species. Up or down-regulation of any reproductive hormones interferes with the estrous cycle and may result in temporary or permanent infertility. Acetaminophen elicits analgesia through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and activation of the endocannabinoid system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acetaminophen on the estrous cycle and reproductive hormone levels. The study utilized 6-8 weeks old female mice divided into control and treatment groups with five mice each. The control and treatment group received normal saline and 200mg/kg acetaminophen via oral gavage for 20 days, respectively. There was no difference in the length and number of cycles observed, but there was a significant reduction in the frequency of proestrus in the treatment group. There was a delay in producing estradiol, Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the treatment group. From this study, acetaminophen negatively affected the estrous cycle and hormone production in the treated mice. The observed disruption in hormone patterns could be a potential cause of infertility for both humans and animals that use acetaminophen.
This study aimed to investigate yeast species associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in dair... more This study aimed to investigate yeast species associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in dairy farms. It is based on isolation using Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) followed by identification of isolates using HiCrome Candida agar and ITS-PCR-RFLP. Out of 405 milk samples, 31.6% were positive for yeast isolation on SDA. Based on HiCrome Candida agar and ITS-PCR assay, isolates were classified into 90 pure isolates and 38 mixed cultures. Only pure isolates were subjected to species identification and virulence evaluation. By HiCrome Candida agar media, the most frequently isolated species were C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. albicans (13.3% for each) while C. guilliermondii was the least isolated Candida species (1.5%). ITS-PCR-RFLP identified 67 isolates which included non-albicans Candida (NAC) species and Trichosporon assahii. Neither C. albicans nor C. galabrata were identified. Twenty-three isolates could not be identified by ITS-PCR-RFLP. Difference between the results of HiCrome Candida agar and ITS-PCR-RFLP methods was obvious. Considering slime production, 83.6% were slime producers while 16.4% were not. All strains of C. krusei, and C. tropicalis were slime producers. Regarding biofilm production, 80.6% of isolates had the ability to form biofilm ranged from strong (6%), moderate (14.9%) to weak (59.7%) while only 19.4% were non-biofilm producers. In vitro antifungal susceptibility of isolates displayed different susceptibility and resistance patterns. Conclusively, yeast mastitis in dairy cows demonstrates a growing problem. The diagnosis must rely on accurate laboratory diagnostic tests. The significance of NAC and other yeast genera specifically genus Trichosporon and their role in the etiology of mycotic mastitis should be emphasized.
International journal of Veterinary Science , 2022
In responding to the research question, what is the effect of acetaminophen on reproductive hormo... more In responding to the research question, what is the effect of acetaminophen on reproductive hormones and estrous cycles of mice? A study was undertaken to establish the potential impact of acetaminophen on the pituitary-gonadal axis. Reproductive hormones are critical drivers of regular estrous cycles in mammals. The hormones are required to achieve and maintain conception and the reproductive potential among domestic animal species. Up or down-regulation of any reproductive hormones interferes with the estrous cycle and may result in temporary or permanent infertility. Acetaminophen elicits analgesia through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and activation of the endocannabinoid system. This study aimed to investigate the effect of acetaminophen on the estrous cycle and reproductive hormone levels. The study utilized 6-8 weeks old female mice divided into control and treatment groups with five mice each. The control and treatment group received normal saline and 200mg/kg acetaminophen via oral gavage for 20 days, respectively. There was no difference in the length and number of cycles observed, but there was a significant reduction in the frequency of proestrus in the treatment group. There was a delay in producing estradiol, Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the treatment group. From this study, acetaminophen negatively affected the estrous cycle and hormone production in the treated mice. The observed disruption in hormone patterns could be a potential cause of infertility for both humans and animals that use acetaminophen.
Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven yea... more Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven years was used to determine and compare their reproductive performance in Mwingi. Goats were kept under extensive conditions with natural breeding program. Kidding occurred all year round with a peak in August. The average age at first kidding was 1066.7±37.7 and 976.0±79 days for the Galla x Toggenburg cross and the Toggenburg, respectively. The average kidding intervals were 464.6±28.7, 439.2±39.5 and 371.7±63.1 days for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The effect of breed on the litter size and number of services per conception was significant (p<0.05). The average litter size were 1.25±0.02, 1.29±0.04 and 1.0±0.07 for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The average number of services per conception was 1.6±0.05 and 1.36±0.07 for the Galla and Galla x Toggenburg crosses, respectively. In spite of feed supplementation, ...
Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven yea... more Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven years was used to determine and compare their reproductive performance in Mwingi. Goats were kept under extensive conditions with natural breeding program. Kidding occurred all year round with a peak in August. The average age at first kidding was 1066.7±37.7 and 976.0±79 days for the Galla x Toggenburg cross and the Toggenburg, respectively. The average kidding intervals were 464.6±28.7, 439.2±39.5 and 371.7±63.1 days for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The effect of breed on the litter size and number of services per conception was significant (p<0.05). The average litter size were 1.25±0.02, 1.29±0.04 and 1.0±0.07 for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The average number of services per conception was 1.6±0.05 and 1.36±0.07 for the Galla and Galla x Toggenburg crosses, respectively. In spite of feed supplementation, ...
Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven yea... more Retrospective data from 311 goats comprising Galla and Toggenburg and their crosses for seven years was used to determine and compare their reproductive performance in Mwingi. Goats were kept under extensive conditions with natural breeding program. Kidding occurred all year round with a peak in August. The average age at first kidding was 1066.7±37.7 and 976.0±79 days for the Galla x Toggenburg cross and the Toggenburg, respectively. The average kidding intervals were 464.6±28.7, 439.2±39.5 and 371.7±63.1 days for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The effect of breed on the litter size and number of services per conception was significant (p<0.05). The average litter size were 1.25±0.02, 1.29±0.04 and 1.0±0.07 for the Galla, Galla x Toggenburg crosses and Toggenburg, respectively. The average number of services per conception was 1.6±0.05 and 1.36±0.07 for the Galla and Galla x Toggenburg crosses, respectively. In spite of feed supplementation, the purebred Toggenburg. Performance was significantly lower than that of the Galla and the Galla x Toggenburg crosses. The study indicated that the Galla x Toggenburg cross was a better genotype in terms of reproductive performance in Mwingi and recommended as a better adapted goat in the area than the pure Toggenburg.
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