Deborah A Green
University of Oregon, Religious Studies, Faculty Member
Midrashic interpretation of Genesis 3, Adam and Eve's sin and banishment from the Garden of Eden, runs in two general directions. In one stream of tradition, the rabbis of the Tannaitic and Amoraic periods quite naturally focus on the... more
Midrashic interpretation of Genesis 3, Adam and Eve's sin and banishment from the Garden of Eden, runs in two general directions. In one stream of tradition, the rabbis of the Tannaitic and Amoraic periods quite naturally focus on the narrative of the first couple: How is it that the serpent came to speak to Eve rather than Adam; why does Eve tell the serpent that she can't touch the tree; what kind of fruit did the couple eat? However, another strand of interpretation underscores the relationship between the Shekhinah and the Garden. Its focus is on the sin of eating the fruit as the cause for the Shekhinah's ascent into heaven. Once there, the indwelling of the Divine does not return to earth until Moses finishes construction of the Tabernacle. Within these two categories we find the repetition and development of several sub-themes, interpretive elements, biblical verses, and key words. In only one source, Genesis Rabbah, do the two main categories come together. I argue here that the overall force of the interpretations is in the direction of the Shekhinah's ascent and return; and this is true even for interpretations that focus on Adam and Eve. Along the way, the garden image from Song of Songs 4:16 through 5:1 becomes a metaphor for the Tabernacle and its sacrificial cult. As a result, habitation in the Tabernacle by the Divine signifies re-habitation of Eden—or, perhaps, the Tabernacle as a new Eden. Such an understanding eventually construes the covenant as the means by which the righteous can access Paradise; not the direct subject of this paper, but one that, along with this paper, is part of a larger study on gardens and their representation in Jewish literature from the Bible through the Amoraic period.