Cheng is a Senior Chief Executive Researcher at Universiti Putra Malaysia. Cheng's current research interests are sustainable consumption, consumer behaviour, environmental education, recycling, and solid waste management.
Fast population growth, rapid changing lifestyle, great urbanisation along with aggressive econom... more Fast population growth, rapid changing lifestyle, great urbanisation along with aggressive economic development and the rapid changes in consumption rate have accelerated the daily generation and volume rate of municipal solid wastes. Efficient solid waste management has become one of the daunting national challenges, typically in the developing countries, including Malaysia, in order to cope with the solutions for many serious environmental problems. The main purpose of this research was to explore the current scenarios of waste segregation-at-source behaviour in Putrajaya; to evaluate the levels of attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norm with waste segregation-atsource behaviour; to investigate the relationship between households’ attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norm with waste segregation-atsource behaviour; and to examine the moderating effect of environmental education in relationship between households’ attitude, perceived behavioural...
Many people are now expressing their increased concern about serious environmental destruction as... more Many people are now expressing their increased concern about serious environmental destruction as a result of human irresponsible environmental behaviour. The aim of this paper is to explore current scenarios of intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source between households in Selangor. A total of 400 respondents in Selangor who aged 18 and above were employed to respond to bilingual research questionnaires. The results of the descriptive investigation indicated that plastic was the most major solid waste material segregated daily among the respondents. The majority of Selangor citizens surveyed had heard about and strongly supported this environmental policy. Approximately half of the sample agreed that the policy of solid waste segregation-at-source was extremely important in addressing serious negative global environmental issues. Unfortunately, due to a lack of awareness as well as insufficient technologies and facilities in their housing areas, one-fifth of the respondents had never intended to practise solid waste segregation-at-source in their daily lives. By realising ongoing challenges in the longterm implementation of solid waste segregation-at-source in Malaysia, this current research therefore provides an essential opportunity to explore the importance of having the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source among Malaysian citizens and of enriching existing local literature.
Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 2020
The environment is increasingly under threat, especially when it comes to the serious problem of ... more The environment is increasingly under threat, especially when it comes to the serious problem of solid waste. It has become a challenging burden in most developing countries, including Malaysia. The aim of this research was to assess the levels of attitude, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, and intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source, as well as to investigate their interrelationships with the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. 400 households in townships in nine districts in Selangor have been selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The present research has shown that a large group of households surveyed perceived a favourable attitude and a high level of intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. The results also revealed that the descriptive norm and the injunctive norm have a positive relationship with the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. The research concludes with policy implications as well as recommendations for future directions of research.
Solid waste generation in Malaysia is one of the challenging environmental issues which are often... more Solid waste generation in Malaysia is one of the challenging environmental issues which are often neglected by local households. The main purpose of this research is to ascertain the mediating effect of environmental concerns (i.e., egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric concerns) between households' descriptive norm and injunctive norm to practice the segregation-at-source of solid waste. A total of 400 residents living in townships in nine districts in the state of Selangor were selected via a multistage sampling method. A self-administrated bilingual questionnaire was used to collect the research data. As for the mediation test, the present research found that egoistic concern and altruistic concern mediated the significant relationship between injunctive norm and intention to practice the segregation-at-source of solid waste among the households in Selangor. The present research concludes with research implications and provides several avenues for future research in order to create a comprehensive understanding of the segregation-at-source of solid waste policy among Malaysian citizens.
This aim of this paper is to analyse descriptively the attitude, descriptive norm, injunctive nor... more This aim of this paper is to analyse descriptively the attitude, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, and environmental knowledge in the research scope of the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. 400 respondents living in the townships of the nine districts of Selangor, namely Sabak Bernam, Ulu Selangor, Kuala Selangor, Gombak, Ulu Langat, Petaling, Klang, Kuala Langat, and Sepang, were employed via a multistage sampling method to carry out this research. A self-administered bilingual questionnaire was used to collect quantified research data among respondents in order to examine their intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source in daily routine. The descriptive analysis of the current quantitative data was then analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26.0. The results of the descriptive investigation inferred that, overall, the Selangor households surveyed were perceived to have a favourable attitude, a high level of intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source and environmental knowledge but moderately influenced by the descriptive norm and injunctive norm throughout the research. The present research has played a significant role in enriching the existing scarce and limited Malaysian literature on the intention to practise the solid waste segregation-at-source.
Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, 2020
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to assess the level and relationship between attitude, perceive... more Purpose: The aim of this paper is to assess the level and relationship between attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm with waste segregation-at-source behavior among households in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Design/Methodology/Approach: A multi-stage sampling method used to obtain four hundred households in Putrajaya for the purpose of responding to the bilingual questionnaire. The quantitative data collected were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Version 26.0 software. Specifically, the descriptive and Pearson correlation analysis used to describe and summarize the levels and interrelationships of the variables studied with waste segregation-at-source behavior. Findings: The assessment of the overall factors affecting households with waste segregation-at-source behavior has shown that 92.5 per cent of respondents are considered to have a favorable attitude. Households surveyed are also found to be highly influenced by perceived behavioral control but moderately influenced by the subjective norm. In addition, the results show that attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm have a positive relationship with waste segregation-at-source behavior.
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
The grade of the environment is gradually declining especially when it comes to the severe proble... more The grade of the environment is gradually declining especially when it comes to the severe problem of solid waste. It has become a challenging burden for many large metropolitan heterogeneous areas in most of the developing countries. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between households' attitude, descriptive norm and injunctive norm with intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source and to ascertain the mediating effect of environmental concern and moderating effect of environmental knowledge between households' attitude, descriptive norm and injunctive norm with intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. The instrument is then validated from four main aspects: face validity, content validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. After the validation process, the pre-test of this research instrument is conducted among 30 Malaysian households. All the statements have been adjusted after reliability and validity test. The final version of the instrument is set in both closed and open format which consists of eight sections: respondent's particulars (11 items), general questions on solid waste segregation-at-source (7 items), attitude (14 items), descriptive norm (12 items), injunctive norm (12 items), environmental concern (three sub-parts and 12 items), environmental knowledge (25 items) and intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source (8 items). The instrument can further be used to examine other similar research areas such as sustainable consumption, recycling as well as solid waste management.
Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 2019
Fast population, rapidly changing lifestyle, great urbanization along with aggressive economic de... more Fast population, rapidly changing lifestyle, great urbanization along with aggressive economic development and the rapid changes in consumption rate have accelerated the daily generation and volume rate of municipal solid wastes. Efficient solid waste management has become one of the daunting national challenges, typically in developing countries, including Malaysia, to cope with the solutions for many serious environmental problems. The main purpose of this research is to examine the moderating effect of environmental education in relationships between households' attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norm with waste segregation-at-source behaviour. The subject of this research was households who are living in Putrajaya and the sample was selected via multistage sampling and systematic sampling method. It was quantitative research by distributing a self-administrative questionnaire. The measurements were adapted from different sources to examine participants' attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norm and environmental education with waste segregation-at-source behaviour. The results reveal that environmental education does moderate the relationships between attitude and perceived behavioural control with waste segregation-at-source behaviour positively. However, environmental education does not moderate the relationship between subjective norm with waste segregation-at-source behaviour positively. The findings provide an insight particularly for the local pro-environmental groups on factors that they should consider in developing pro-environmental policies. Furthermore, future research recommended using the online questionnaire in a bid to further improve the respond's rate and be more cost-effective in various aspects.
Malaysian Consumer And Family Economics Association (MACFEA), 2021
Pertumbuhan populasi yang cepat, perubahan gaya hidup, kepesatan urbanisasi bersama-sama dengan p... more Pertumbuhan populasi yang cepat, perubahan gaya hidup, kepesatan urbanisasi bersama-sama dengan pembangunan ekonomi yang agresif dan perubahan kadar penggunaan telah meningkatkan jumlah penjanaan serta penghasilan sisa pepejal harian. Hal ini menyebabkan kecekapan pengurusan sisa pepejal perbandaran menjadi salah satu masalah alam sekitar yang genting di Malaysia. Oleh hal yang demikian, Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan telah mengemukakan satu polisi pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca secara berperingkat pada tahun 2015 untuk mengurangkan jumlah sisa pepejal yang bakal dihantar ke tapak pelupusan. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk meneroka keadaan semasa niat isi rumah dalam pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca di Selangor; untuk menilai tahap sikap, norma subjektif, keprihatinan alam sekitar, pengetahuan alam sekitar dan niat pengamalan sisa pepejal di punca; untuk menyiasat perkaitan antara sikap, norma deskriptif dan norma injunktif dengan niat isi rumah dalam pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca; serta memastikan kesan pertengahan keprihatinan alam sekitar dan kesan perantaraan pengetahuan alam sekitar dalam perkaitan antara sikap, norma deskriptif dan norma injunktif dengan niat isi rumah dalam pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca. Seramai 400 orang penduduk yang tinggal di sembilan buah daerah di negeri Selangor, iaitu Sabak Bernam, Ulu Selangor, Kuala Selangor, Gombak, Ulu Langat, Petaling, Klang, Kuala Langat dan Sepang telah dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan rawak berlapis. Soal selidik dwibahasa yang ditadbir sendiri telah digunakan untuk mengumpul data kajian berbentuk kuantitatif. Pengukuran juga disesuaikan dan diterima pakai dari sumber berlainan untuk memeriksa pemboleh ubah utama dalam kajian ini. Data kuantitatif yang dikumpulkan telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS Statistics Versi 26.0 dan SmartPLS Versi 3.2.9. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan norma deskriptif [p = 0.038 (p ≤ 0.05), r = 0.104] dan norma injunktif [p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.001), r = 0.317] mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap niat pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca. Walau bagaimanapun, hasil kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan tidak signifikan antara sikap [p = 0.139 (p > 0.05), r = 0.074] terhadap niat pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca. Oleh itu, pemboleh ubah itu telah dikecualikan daripada ujian pertengahan dan ujian perantaraan yang selanjutnya sepanjang kajian dijalankan. Dari segi ujian pertengahan, keprihatinan berbentuk egoistik [p = 0.001 (p ≤ 0.001), t = 3.182] dan keprihatinan berbentuk altruistik [p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.001), t = 4.462] didapati menengah hubungan antara norma injuktif dengan niat pengamalan sisa pepejal di punca. Dari perspektif ujian perantaraan, hasil kajian menunjukkan pengetahuan alam sekitar tidak mengantara hubungan antara norma deskriptif [p = 0.511 (p > 0.05), t = 0.658] dan norma injunktif [p = 0.519 (p > 0.05), t = 0.645] dengan niat pengamalan sisa pepejal di punca. Hasil kajian ini memberi gambaran kepada rakyat Malaysia, badan kerajaan, badan bukan kerajaan dan badan sukarela untuk meningkatkan nilai tanggungjawab terhadap penjagaan kebersihan alam sekitar. Data kajian ini secara khususnya dapat memberi panduan kepada badan-badan kerajaan Malaysia, termasuklah Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara, Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam, Kementerian Tenaga, Sains, Teknologi, Alam Sekitar dan Perubahan Iklim Malaysia dan Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan Malaysia dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan dasar-dasar mereka pada masa hadapan demi kesejahteraan setiap lapisan masyarakat Malaysia. Akhir sekali, selain menggunakan soal selidik dwibahasa ditadbir sendiri yang biasa, kajian masa hadapan dicadangkan mencipta kaedah instrumentasi berlainan bagi menilai perubahan gelagat responden untuk membentuk satu pemahaman tentang polisi pengasingan sisa pepejal yang menyeluruh dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia. Tambahan pula, kajian masa hadapan juga dicadangkan bagi meningkatkan liputan bagi kawasan lokasi kajian untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih dipercayai dan memberikan generalisasi yang lebih besar. Penghargaan Kajian ini dibiayai oleh Geran Mini daripada Persatuan Ekonomi Pengguna dan Keluarga Malaysia (MACFEA) pada tahun 2018/2019.
Fast population growth, rapid changing lifestyle, great urbanisation along with aggressive econom... more Fast population growth, rapid changing lifestyle, great urbanisation along with aggressive economic development and the rapid changes in consumption rate have accelerated the daily generation and volume rate of municipal solid wastes. Efficient solid waste management has become one of the daunting national challenges, typically in the developing countries, including Malaysia, in order to cope with the solutions for many serious environmental problems. The main purpose of this research was to explore the current scenarios of waste segregation-at-source behaviour in Putrajaya; to evaluate the levels of attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norm with waste segregation-atsource behaviour; to investigate the relationship between households’ attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norm with waste segregation-atsource behaviour; and to examine the moderating effect of environmental education in relationship between households’ attitude, perceived behavioural...
Many people are now expressing their increased concern about serious environmental destruction as... more Many people are now expressing their increased concern about serious environmental destruction as a result of human irresponsible environmental behaviour. The aim of this paper is to explore current scenarios of intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source between households in Selangor. A total of 400 respondents in Selangor who aged 18 and above were employed to respond to bilingual research questionnaires. The results of the descriptive investigation indicated that plastic was the most major solid waste material segregated daily among the respondents. The majority of Selangor citizens surveyed had heard about and strongly supported this environmental policy. Approximately half of the sample agreed that the policy of solid waste segregation-at-source was extremely important in addressing serious negative global environmental issues. Unfortunately, due to a lack of awareness as well as insufficient technologies and facilities in their housing areas, one-fifth of the respondents had never intended to practise solid waste segregation-at-source in their daily lives. By realising ongoing challenges in the longterm implementation of solid waste segregation-at-source in Malaysia, this current research therefore provides an essential opportunity to explore the importance of having the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source among Malaysian citizens and of enriching existing local literature.
Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 2020
The environment is increasingly under threat, especially when it comes to the serious problem of ... more The environment is increasingly under threat, especially when it comes to the serious problem of solid waste. It has become a challenging burden in most developing countries, including Malaysia. The aim of this research was to assess the levels of attitude, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, and intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source, as well as to investigate their interrelationships with the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. 400 households in townships in nine districts in Selangor have been selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The present research has shown that a large group of households surveyed perceived a favourable attitude and a high level of intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. The results also revealed that the descriptive norm and the injunctive norm have a positive relationship with the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. The research concludes with policy implications as well as recommendations for future directions of research.
Solid waste generation in Malaysia is one of the challenging environmental issues which are often... more Solid waste generation in Malaysia is one of the challenging environmental issues which are often neglected by local households. The main purpose of this research is to ascertain the mediating effect of environmental concerns (i.e., egoistic, altruistic, and biospheric concerns) between households' descriptive norm and injunctive norm to practice the segregation-at-source of solid waste. A total of 400 residents living in townships in nine districts in the state of Selangor were selected via a multistage sampling method. A self-administrated bilingual questionnaire was used to collect the research data. As for the mediation test, the present research found that egoistic concern and altruistic concern mediated the significant relationship between injunctive norm and intention to practice the segregation-at-source of solid waste among the households in Selangor. The present research concludes with research implications and provides several avenues for future research in order to create a comprehensive understanding of the segregation-at-source of solid waste policy among Malaysian citizens.
This aim of this paper is to analyse descriptively the attitude, descriptive norm, injunctive nor... more This aim of this paper is to analyse descriptively the attitude, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, and environmental knowledge in the research scope of the intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. 400 respondents living in the townships of the nine districts of Selangor, namely Sabak Bernam, Ulu Selangor, Kuala Selangor, Gombak, Ulu Langat, Petaling, Klang, Kuala Langat, and Sepang, were employed via a multistage sampling method to carry out this research. A self-administered bilingual questionnaire was used to collect quantified research data among respondents in order to examine their intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source in daily routine. The descriptive analysis of the current quantitative data was then analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26.0. The results of the descriptive investigation inferred that, overall, the Selangor households surveyed were perceived to have a favourable attitude, a high level of intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source and environmental knowledge but moderately influenced by the descriptive norm and injunctive norm throughout the research. The present research has played a significant role in enriching the existing scarce and limited Malaysian literature on the intention to practise the solid waste segregation-at-source.
Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies, 2020
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to assess the level and relationship between attitude, perceive... more Purpose: The aim of this paper is to assess the level and relationship between attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm with waste segregation-at-source behavior among households in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Design/Methodology/Approach: A multi-stage sampling method used to obtain four hundred households in Putrajaya for the purpose of responding to the bilingual questionnaire. The quantitative data collected were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Version 26.0 software. Specifically, the descriptive and Pearson correlation analysis used to describe and summarize the levels and interrelationships of the variables studied with waste segregation-at-source behavior. Findings: The assessment of the overall factors affecting households with waste segregation-at-source behavior has shown that 92.5 per cent of respondents are considered to have a favorable attitude. Households surveyed are also found to be highly influenced by perceived behavioral control but moderately influenced by the subjective norm. In addition, the results show that attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norm have a positive relationship with waste segregation-at-source behavior.
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
The grade of the environment is gradually declining especially when it comes to the severe proble... more The grade of the environment is gradually declining especially when it comes to the severe problem of solid waste. It has become a challenging burden for many large metropolitan heterogeneous areas in most of the developing countries. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between households' attitude, descriptive norm and injunctive norm with intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source and to ascertain the mediating effect of environmental concern and moderating effect of environmental knowledge between households' attitude, descriptive norm and injunctive norm with intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source. The instrument is then validated from four main aspects: face validity, content validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. After the validation process, the pre-test of this research instrument is conducted among 30 Malaysian households. All the statements have been adjusted after reliability and validity test. The final version of the instrument is set in both closed and open format which consists of eight sections: respondent's particulars (11 items), general questions on solid waste segregation-at-source (7 items), attitude (14 items), descriptive norm (12 items), injunctive norm (12 items), environmental concern (three sub-parts and 12 items), environmental knowledge (25 items) and intention to practise solid waste segregation-at-source (8 items). The instrument can further be used to examine other similar research areas such as sustainable consumption, recycling as well as solid waste management.
Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 2019
Fast population, rapidly changing lifestyle, great urbanization along with aggressive economic de... more Fast population, rapidly changing lifestyle, great urbanization along with aggressive economic development and the rapid changes in consumption rate have accelerated the daily generation and volume rate of municipal solid wastes. Efficient solid waste management has become one of the daunting national challenges, typically in developing countries, including Malaysia, to cope with the solutions for many serious environmental problems. The main purpose of this research is to examine the moderating effect of environmental education in relationships between households' attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norm with waste segregation-at-source behaviour. The subject of this research was households who are living in Putrajaya and the sample was selected via multistage sampling and systematic sampling method. It was quantitative research by distributing a self-administrative questionnaire. The measurements were adapted from different sources to examine participants' attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norm and environmental education with waste segregation-at-source behaviour. The results reveal that environmental education does moderate the relationships between attitude and perceived behavioural control with waste segregation-at-source behaviour positively. However, environmental education does not moderate the relationship between subjective norm with waste segregation-at-source behaviour positively. The findings provide an insight particularly for the local pro-environmental groups on factors that they should consider in developing pro-environmental policies. Furthermore, future research recommended using the online questionnaire in a bid to further improve the respond's rate and be more cost-effective in various aspects.
Malaysian Consumer And Family Economics Association (MACFEA), 2021
Pertumbuhan populasi yang cepat, perubahan gaya hidup, kepesatan urbanisasi bersama-sama dengan p... more Pertumbuhan populasi yang cepat, perubahan gaya hidup, kepesatan urbanisasi bersama-sama dengan pembangunan ekonomi yang agresif dan perubahan kadar penggunaan telah meningkatkan jumlah penjanaan serta penghasilan sisa pepejal harian. Hal ini menyebabkan kecekapan pengurusan sisa pepejal perbandaran menjadi salah satu masalah alam sekitar yang genting di Malaysia. Oleh hal yang demikian, Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan telah mengemukakan satu polisi pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca secara berperingkat pada tahun 2015 untuk mengurangkan jumlah sisa pepejal yang bakal dihantar ke tapak pelupusan. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk meneroka keadaan semasa niat isi rumah dalam pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca di Selangor; untuk menilai tahap sikap, norma subjektif, keprihatinan alam sekitar, pengetahuan alam sekitar dan niat pengamalan sisa pepejal di punca; untuk menyiasat perkaitan antara sikap, norma deskriptif dan norma injunktif dengan niat isi rumah dalam pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca; serta memastikan kesan pertengahan keprihatinan alam sekitar dan kesan perantaraan pengetahuan alam sekitar dalam perkaitan antara sikap, norma deskriptif dan norma injunktif dengan niat isi rumah dalam pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca. Seramai 400 orang penduduk yang tinggal di sembilan buah daerah di negeri Selangor, iaitu Sabak Bernam, Ulu Selangor, Kuala Selangor, Gombak, Ulu Langat, Petaling, Klang, Kuala Langat dan Sepang telah dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan rawak berlapis. Soal selidik dwibahasa yang ditadbir sendiri telah digunakan untuk mengumpul data kajian berbentuk kuantitatif. Pengukuran juga disesuaikan dan diterima pakai dari sumber berlainan untuk memeriksa pemboleh ubah utama dalam kajian ini. Data kuantitatif yang dikumpulkan telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS Statistics Versi 26.0 dan SmartPLS Versi 3.2.9. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan norma deskriptif [p = 0.038 (p ≤ 0.05), r = 0.104] dan norma injunktif [p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.001), r = 0.317] mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap niat pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca. Walau bagaimanapun, hasil kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan tidak signifikan antara sikap [p = 0.139 (p > 0.05), r = 0.074] terhadap niat pengamalan pengasingan sisa pepejal di punca. Oleh itu, pemboleh ubah itu telah dikecualikan daripada ujian pertengahan dan ujian perantaraan yang selanjutnya sepanjang kajian dijalankan. Dari segi ujian pertengahan, keprihatinan berbentuk egoistik [p = 0.001 (p ≤ 0.001), t = 3.182] dan keprihatinan berbentuk altruistik [p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0.001), t = 4.462] didapati menengah hubungan antara norma injuktif dengan niat pengamalan sisa pepejal di punca. Dari perspektif ujian perantaraan, hasil kajian menunjukkan pengetahuan alam sekitar tidak mengantara hubungan antara norma deskriptif [p = 0.511 (p > 0.05), t = 0.658] dan norma injunktif [p = 0.519 (p > 0.05), t = 0.645] dengan niat pengamalan sisa pepejal di punca. Hasil kajian ini memberi gambaran kepada rakyat Malaysia, badan kerajaan, badan bukan kerajaan dan badan sukarela untuk meningkatkan nilai tanggungjawab terhadap penjagaan kebersihan alam sekitar. Data kajian ini secara khususnya dapat memberi panduan kepada badan-badan kerajaan Malaysia, termasuklah Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara, Perbadanan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal dan Pembersihan Awam, Kementerian Tenaga, Sains, Teknologi, Alam Sekitar dan Perubahan Iklim Malaysia dan Kementerian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan Malaysia dalam perancangan dan pelaksanaan dasar-dasar mereka pada masa hadapan demi kesejahteraan setiap lapisan masyarakat Malaysia. Akhir sekali, selain menggunakan soal selidik dwibahasa ditadbir sendiri yang biasa, kajian masa hadapan dicadangkan mencipta kaedah instrumentasi berlainan bagi menilai perubahan gelagat responden untuk membentuk satu pemahaman tentang polisi pengasingan sisa pepejal yang menyeluruh dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia. Tambahan pula, kajian masa hadapan juga dicadangkan bagi meningkatkan liputan bagi kawasan lokasi kajian untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih dipercayai dan memberikan generalisasi yang lebih besar. Penghargaan Kajian ini dibiayai oleh Geran Mini daripada Persatuan Ekonomi Pengguna dan Keluarga Malaysia (MACFEA) pada tahun 2018/2019.
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