Solute carriers (SLC2A/ GLUT) are one of the major types of transporter superfamily that have bee... more Solute carriers (SLC2A/ GLUT) are one of the major types of transporter superfamily that have been predominantly involved in active transport of glucose across the plasma membrane. Glucose uptake by mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is an important step in the milk synthesis during lactation, and hence directly influences the milk yield. Use of MEC isolated from milk has been speculated to be a good alternative to mammary gland tissues in order to understand the expression profile of important genes associated with lactation, in particular large dairy animals where obtaining biopsies is sometimes difficult. The present study was therefore undertaken in milk purified MECs to assess relative mRNA expression of major solute carriers/glucose transporters (SLC2A/GLUTs) viz., SLC2A1(GLUT1), SLC2A(GLUT4), SLC2A8(GLUT8), SLC2A12(GLUT12) and hexokinase (HK2) genes during; early(10-20 days), peak (30-50 days), mid (100-140 days) and late (215-245 days) lactation stages of Sahiwal cows. MECs were isolated from fresh milk, using Dyna Beads coated with anticytokeratin 18 antibodies. For normalization of qPCR expression data, 10 known housekeeping genes (HKGs) from different functional classes were evaluated. A panel of four best stable HKGs; eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EEF1A1), ribosomal protein L4(RPL4), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin-beta (ACTB) were identified through ge Norm, Norm Finder and Best Keeper analysis. Expression level of SLC2A1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher during peak/mid lactation period as compared to late lactation period. Similarly, SLC2A8 mRNA expression was relatively higher during mid-lactation stages than other stages of lactation. In contrast, SLC2A4 expression level was relatively higher during the late lactation stages. The SLC2A12 mRNA on the other hand was undetectable, indicating its expression to be either very low or absent in MEC of Sahiwal cows. Our expression data indicated SLC2A1, SLC2A4 and SLC2A8 to be the major solute carriers in Sahiwal MEC. Further, HK2 expression was significantly (P<0.05) higher during early and mid-lactation stages. The stage specific expression about of major SLC2A/GLUT and HK2 genes indicate their functional role in regulating glucose uptake in MECs of Sahiwal cows.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory sequences that govern posttranscriptional inhibition ... more MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory sequences that govern posttranscriptional inhibition of genes through binding mainly at regulatory regions. The regulatory mechanism of miRNAs are influenced by complex crosstalk among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA seed region and epigenetic modifications. Circulating miRNAs exhibit potential characteristics as stable biomarker. Functionally, miRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including inflammation. Thus, miRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play an important role in disease susceptibility.This review focuses on the role of miRNA as diagnostic marker in pathogenesis of lung inflammatory diseases and in cardiac remodelling events during inflammation. From recent reports, In this context, the information about the models in which miRNAs expression were investigated including types of biological samples, as well as on themethods for miRNA validation and prediction/definition of their gene targets are emphasized in the review. Besides disease pathogenesis, promising role ofmiRNAs in early disease diagnosis and prognostication is also discussed. However, some miRNAs are also indicated with protective role. Thus, identifications and usage of such potential miRNAs as well as disruption of disease susceptible miRNAs using antagonists, antagomirs, are imperative and may provide a novel therapeutic approach towards combating the disease progression.
Circulating leukocytes can be used as an effective
model to understand the heat stress response o... more Circulating leukocytes can be used as an effective model to understand the heat stress response of different cattle types and buffaloes. This investigation aimed to determine the temporal profile of HSPs (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) expression in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Murrah buffaloes, Holstein–Friesian (HF), and Sahiwal cows in response to sublethal heat shock at 42 °C. The viability data indicated HF PBMCs to be the most affected to the heat shock, whereas Sahiwal PBMCs were least affected, indicating its better survivability during the heat stress condition. The qRT-PCR expression data showed significant increase in mRNA expression of the analyzed HSPs genes after heat stimuli to the PBMCs under in vitro condition. In each case, the HSPs were most upregulated at 2 h after the heat stress. Among the HSPs, HSP70 was relatively more expressed followed by HSP60 indicating the action of molecular chaperones to stabilize the native conformation of proteins. However, PBMCs from different cattle types and buffaloes showed difference in the extent of transcriptional response. The level of expression of HSPs throughout the time period of heat stress was highest in buffaloes, followed by HF and Sahiwal cows. The higher abundance of HSP70 mRNA at each time point after heat stress showed prolonged effect of heat stress in HF PBMCs. The data presented here provided initial evidence of transcriptional differences in PBMCs of different cattle types and buffaloes and warrant further research.
In the present study, expression level of various ATP-binding cassette (ABC) viz., ABCA1,
ABCA7, ... more In the present study, expression level of various ATP-binding cassette (ABC) viz., ABCA1, ABCA7, ABCG1, ABCG2, and ABCG5; associated transcription factors viz., SREBF1, LXRa (NR1H3), PPARA, and Solute Carriers (SLC); or Glucose transporters (GLUT) viz., SLC2A1(GLUT1), SLC2A4 (GLUT4), SLC2A8 (GLUT8), and SLC2A12 (GLUT12) superfamily of transporters were compared across physiological stages of buffalo mammary gland. The relative expression of ABCA1, and ABCG1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mammary gland of heifer followed by involution and lactation stages. Similarly, ABCA7 gene expression was highest in heifer mammary gland followed by lactation and involution stages. ABCG2 gene expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in lactating mammary gland in comparison to involution and heifer stages. On the other hand, ABCG5 gene expression was highest in involuting mammary gland followed by lactation and involution stages. Additionally, the expression of LXRa SREBF1, and PPARA which are known to regulate some of the ABC tranporters were also analyzed. The expression of LXRa gene was high in involuting as compared to lactating mammary gland. In contrast, SREBF1 and PPARA expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in lactating mammary gland. Among the several SLC transporters studied, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and SLC2A8 showed significant (p<0.05) higher expression during lactation stage, whereas SLC2A12 expression was greater during heifer stage suggesting SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and SLC2A8 to be the major transporters associated with glucose uptake in buffalo mammary gland. The expression profile of (lactoferrin) LTF, known to be expressed at high level in mammary gland during involution was also studied. As expected, its expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher during involution in comparison to lactating mammary gland.in buffaloes as well. The inclusion of LTF as a control gene further provided the confidence in the buffalo mammary gland expression data generated in the present study. This study thus helped to provide information about the distinct expression pattern of various transporters and their regulators in buffalo mammary gland during different physiological states.
Solute carriers (SLC2A/ GLUT) are one of the major types of transporter superfamily that have bee... more Solute carriers (SLC2A/ GLUT) are one of the major types of transporter superfamily that have been predominantly involved in active transport of glucose across the plasma membrane. Glucose uptake by mammary epithelial cells (MECs) is an important step in the milk synthesis during lactation, and hence directly influences the milk yield. Use of MEC isolated from milk has been speculated to be a good alternative to mammary gland tissues in order to understand the expression profile of important genes associated with lactation, in particular large dairy animals where obtaining biopsies is sometimes difficult. The present study was therefore undertaken in milk purified MECs to assess relative mRNA expression of major solute carriers/glucose transporters (SLC2A/GLUTs) viz., SLC2A1(GLUT1), SLC2A(GLUT4), SLC2A8(GLUT8), SLC2A12(GLUT12) and hexokinase (HK2) genes during; early(10-20 days), peak (30-50 days), mid (100-140 days) and late (215-245 days) lactation stages of Sahiwal cows. MECs were isolated from fresh milk, using Dyna Beads coated with anticytokeratin 18 antibodies. For normalization of qPCR expression data, 10 known housekeeping genes (HKGs) from different functional classes were evaluated. A panel of four best stable HKGs; eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EEF1A1), ribosomal protein L4(RPL4), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin-beta (ACTB) were identified through ge Norm, Norm Finder and Best Keeper analysis. Expression level of SLC2A1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher during peak/mid lactation period as compared to late lactation period. Similarly, SLC2A8 mRNA expression was relatively higher during mid-lactation stages than other stages of lactation. In contrast, SLC2A4 expression level was relatively higher during the late lactation stages. The SLC2A12 mRNA on the other hand was undetectable, indicating its expression to be either very low or absent in MEC of Sahiwal cows. Our expression data indicated SLC2A1, SLC2A4 and SLC2A8 to be the major solute carriers in Sahiwal MEC. Further, HK2 expression was significantly (P<0.05) higher during early and mid-lactation stages. The stage specific expression about of major SLC2A/GLUT and HK2 genes indicate their functional role in regulating glucose uptake in MECs of Sahiwal cows.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory sequences that govern posttranscriptional inhibition ... more MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory sequences that govern posttranscriptional inhibition of genes through binding mainly at regulatory regions. The regulatory mechanism of miRNAs are influenced by complex crosstalk among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA seed region and epigenetic modifications. Circulating miRNAs exhibit potential characteristics as stable biomarker. Functionally, miRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including inflammation. Thus, miRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play an important role in disease susceptibility.This review focuses on the role of miRNA as diagnostic marker in pathogenesis of lung inflammatory diseases and in cardiac remodelling events during inflammation. From recent reports, In this context, the information about the models in which miRNAs expression were investigated including types of biological samples, as well as on themethods for miRNA validation and prediction/definition of their gene targets are emphasized in the review. Besides disease pathogenesis, promising role ofmiRNAs in early disease diagnosis and prognostication is also discussed. However, some miRNAs are also indicated with protective role. Thus, identifications and usage of such potential miRNAs as well as disruption of disease susceptible miRNAs using antagonists, antagomirs, are imperative and may provide a novel therapeutic approach towards combating the disease progression.
Circulating leukocytes can be used as an effective
model to understand the heat stress response o... more Circulating leukocytes can be used as an effective model to understand the heat stress response of different cattle types and buffaloes. This investigation aimed to determine the temporal profile of HSPs (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) expression in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Murrah buffaloes, Holstein–Friesian (HF), and Sahiwal cows in response to sublethal heat shock at 42 °C. The viability data indicated HF PBMCs to be the most affected to the heat shock, whereas Sahiwal PBMCs were least affected, indicating its better survivability during the heat stress condition. The qRT-PCR expression data showed significant increase in mRNA expression of the analyzed HSPs genes after heat stimuli to the PBMCs under in vitro condition. In each case, the HSPs were most upregulated at 2 h after the heat stress. Among the HSPs, HSP70 was relatively more expressed followed by HSP60 indicating the action of molecular chaperones to stabilize the native conformation of proteins. However, PBMCs from different cattle types and buffaloes showed difference in the extent of transcriptional response. The level of expression of HSPs throughout the time period of heat stress was highest in buffaloes, followed by HF and Sahiwal cows. The higher abundance of HSP70 mRNA at each time point after heat stress showed prolonged effect of heat stress in HF PBMCs. The data presented here provided initial evidence of transcriptional differences in PBMCs of different cattle types and buffaloes and warrant further research.
In the present study, expression level of various ATP-binding cassette (ABC) viz., ABCA1,
ABCA7, ... more In the present study, expression level of various ATP-binding cassette (ABC) viz., ABCA1, ABCA7, ABCG1, ABCG2, and ABCG5; associated transcription factors viz., SREBF1, LXRa (NR1H3), PPARA, and Solute Carriers (SLC); or Glucose transporters (GLUT) viz., SLC2A1(GLUT1), SLC2A4 (GLUT4), SLC2A8 (GLUT8), and SLC2A12 (GLUT12) superfamily of transporters were compared across physiological stages of buffalo mammary gland. The relative expression of ABCA1, and ABCG1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mammary gland of heifer followed by involution and lactation stages. Similarly, ABCA7 gene expression was highest in heifer mammary gland followed by lactation and involution stages. ABCG2 gene expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in lactating mammary gland in comparison to involution and heifer stages. On the other hand, ABCG5 gene expression was highest in involuting mammary gland followed by lactation and involution stages. Additionally, the expression of LXRa SREBF1, and PPARA which are known to regulate some of the ABC tranporters were also analyzed. The expression of LXRa gene was high in involuting as compared to lactating mammary gland. In contrast, SREBF1 and PPARA expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in lactating mammary gland. Among the several SLC transporters studied, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and SLC2A8 showed significant (p<0.05) higher expression during lactation stage, whereas SLC2A12 expression was greater during heifer stage suggesting SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and SLC2A8 to be the major transporters associated with glucose uptake in buffalo mammary gland. The expression profile of (lactoferrin) LTF, known to be expressed at high level in mammary gland during involution was also studied. As expected, its expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher during involution in comparison to lactating mammary gland.in buffaloes as well. The inclusion of LTF as a control gene further provided the confidence in the buffalo mammary gland expression data generated in the present study. This study thus helped to provide information about the distinct expression pattern of various transporters and their regulators in buffalo mammary gland during different physiological states.
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predominantly involved in active transport of glucose across the plasma membrane. Glucose uptake by mammary
epithelial cells (MECs) is an important step in the milk synthesis during lactation, and hence directly influences the
milk yield. Use of MEC isolated from milk has been speculated to be a good alternative to mammary gland tissues in
order to understand the expression profile of important genes associated with lactation, in particular large dairy
animals where obtaining biopsies is sometimes difficult. The present study was therefore undertaken in milk purified
MECs to assess relative mRNA expression of major solute carriers/glucose transporters (SLC2A/GLUTs) viz.,
SLC2A1(GLUT1), SLC2A(GLUT4), SLC2A8(GLUT8), SLC2A12(GLUT12) and hexokinase (HK2) genes during;
early(10-20 days), peak (30-50 days), mid (100-140 days) and late (215-245 days) lactation stages of Sahiwal cows.
MECs were isolated from fresh milk, using Dyna Beads coated with anticytokeratin 18 antibodies. For normalization
of qPCR expression data, 10 known housekeeping genes (HKGs) from different functional classes were evaluated.
A panel of four best stable HKGs; eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EEF1A1), ribosomal protein
L4(RPL4), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin-beta (ACTB) were identified through ge
Norm, Norm Finder and Best Keeper analysis. Expression level of SLC2A1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher during
peak/mid lactation period as compared to late lactation period. Similarly, SLC2A8 mRNA expression was relatively
higher during mid-lactation stages than other stages of lactation. In contrast, SLC2A4 expression level was relatively
higher during the late lactation stages. The SLC2A12 mRNA on the other hand was undetectable, indicating its
expression to be either very low or absent in MEC of Sahiwal cows. Our expression data indicated SLC2A1,
SLC2A4 and SLC2A8 to be the major solute carriers in Sahiwal MEC. Further, HK2 expression was significantly
(P<0.05) higher during early and mid-lactation stages. The stage specific expression about of major SLC2A/GLUT
and HK2 genes indicate their functional role in regulating glucose uptake in MECs of Sahiwal cows.
mainly at regulatory regions. The regulatory mechanism of miRNAs are influenced by complex crosstalk among single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA seed region and epigenetic modifications. Circulating miRNAs exhibit potential
characteristics as stable biomarker. Functionally, miRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including
inflammation. Thus, miRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play an important role in
disease susceptibility.This review focuses on the role of miRNA as diagnostic marker in pathogenesis of lung inflammatory diseases
and in cardiac remodelling events during inflammation. From recent reports, In this context, the information about the models in
which miRNAs expression were investigated including types of biological samples, as well as on themethods for miRNA validation
and prediction/definition of their gene targets are emphasized in the review. Besides disease pathogenesis, promising role ofmiRNAs
in early disease diagnosis and prognostication is also discussed. However, some miRNAs are also indicated with protective role.
Thus, identifications and usage of such potential miRNAs as well as disruption of disease susceptible miRNAs using antagonists,
antagomirs, are imperative and may provide a novel therapeutic approach towards combating the disease progression.
model to understand the heat stress response of different cattle
types and buffaloes. This investigation aimed to determine the
temporal profile of HSPs (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and
HSP90) expression in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMCs) of Murrah buffaloes, Holstein–Friesian
(HF), and Sahiwal cows in response to sublethal heat shock at
42 °C. The viability data indicated HF PBMCs to be the most
affected to the heat shock, whereas Sahiwal PBMCs were
least affected, indicating its better survivability during the heat
stress condition. The qRT-PCR expression data showed significant
increase in mRNA expression of the analyzed HSPs
genes after heat stimuli to the PBMCs under in vitro condition.
In each case, the HSPs were most upregulated at 2 h after the
heat stress. Among the HSPs, HSP70 was relatively more
expressed followed by HSP60 indicating the action of molecular
chaperones to stabilize the native conformation of proteins.
However, PBMCs from different cattle types and buffaloes
showed difference in the extent of transcriptional
response. The level of expression of HSPs throughout the
time period of heat stress was highest in buffaloes, followed
by HF and Sahiwal cows. The higher abundance of HSP70
mRNA at each time point after heat stress showed prolonged
effect of heat stress in HF PBMCs. The data presented here
provided initial evidence of transcriptional differences in
PBMCs of different cattle types and buffaloes and warrant
further research.
ABCA7, ABCG1, ABCG2, and ABCG5; associated transcription factors viz., SREBF1,
LXRa (NR1H3), PPARA, and Solute Carriers (SLC); or Glucose transporters (GLUT)
viz., SLC2A1(GLUT1), SLC2A4 (GLUT4), SLC2A8 (GLUT8), and SLC2A12 (GLUT12)
superfamily of transporters were compared across physiological stages of buffalo mammary
gland. The relative expression of ABCA1, and ABCG1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher in
mammary gland of heifer followed by involution and lactation stages. Similarly, ABCA7
gene expression was highest in heifer mammary gland followed by lactation and involution
stages. ABCG2 gene expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in lactating mammary
gland in comparison to involution and heifer stages. On the other hand, ABCG5 gene
expression was highest in involuting mammary gland followed by lactation and involution
stages. Additionally, the expression of LXRa SREBF1, and PPARA which are known to
regulate some of the ABC tranporters were also analyzed. The expression of LXRa gene
was high in involuting as compared to lactating mammary gland. In contrast, SREBF1
and PPARA expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in lactating mammary gland.
Among the several SLC transporters studied, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and SLC2A8 showed significant
(p<0.05) higher expression during lactation stage, whereas SLC2A12 expression
was greater during heifer stage suggesting SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and SLC2A8 to be the major
transporters associated with glucose uptake in buffalo mammary gland. The expression profile
of (lactoferrin) LTF, known to be expressed at high level in mammary gland during
involution was also studied. As expected, its expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher
during involution in comparison to lactating mammary gland.in buffaloes as well. The
inclusion of LTF as a control gene further provided the confidence in the buffalo mammary
gland expression data generated in the present study. This study thus helped to provide information
about the distinct expression pattern of various transporters and their regulators in
buffalo mammary gland during different physiological states.
predominantly involved in active transport of glucose across the plasma membrane. Glucose uptake by mammary
epithelial cells (MECs) is an important step in the milk synthesis during lactation, and hence directly influences the
milk yield. Use of MEC isolated from milk has been speculated to be a good alternative to mammary gland tissues in
order to understand the expression profile of important genes associated with lactation, in particular large dairy
animals where obtaining biopsies is sometimes difficult. The present study was therefore undertaken in milk purified
MECs to assess relative mRNA expression of major solute carriers/glucose transporters (SLC2A/GLUTs) viz.,
SLC2A1(GLUT1), SLC2A(GLUT4), SLC2A8(GLUT8), SLC2A12(GLUT12) and hexokinase (HK2) genes during;
early(10-20 days), peak (30-50 days), mid (100-140 days) and late (215-245 days) lactation stages of Sahiwal cows.
MECs were isolated from fresh milk, using Dyna Beads coated with anticytokeratin 18 antibodies. For normalization
of qPCR expression data, 10 known housekeeping genes (HKGs) from different functional classes were evaluated.
A panel of four best stable HKGs; eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EEF1A1), ribosomal protein
L4(RPL4), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin-beta (ACTB) were identified through ge
Norm, Norm Finder and Best Keeper analysis. Expression level of SLC2A1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher during
peak/mid lactation period as compared to late lactation period. Similarly, SLC2A8 mRNA expression was relatively
higher during mid-lactation stages than other stages of lactation. In contrast, SLC2A4 expression level was relatively
higher during the late lactation stages. The SLC2A12 mRNA on the other hand was undetectable, indicating its
expression to be either very low or absent in MEC of Sahiwal cows. Our expression data indicated SLC2A1,
SLC2A4 and SLC2A8 to be the major solute carriers in Sahiwal MEC. Further, HK2 expression was significantly
(P<0.05) higher during early and mid-lactation stages. The stage specific expression about of major SLC2A/GLUT
and HK2 genes indicate their functional role in regulating glucose uptake in MECs of Sahiwal cows.
mainly at regulatory regions. The regulatory mechanism of miRNAs are influenced by complex crosstalk among single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA seed region and epigenetic modifications. Circulating miRNAs exhibit potential
characteristics as stable biomarker. Functionally, miRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including
inflammation. Thus, miRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play an important role in
disease susceptibility.This review focuses on the role of miRNA as diagnostic marker in pathogenesis of lung inflammatory diseases
and in cardiac remodelling events during inflammation. From recent reports, In this context, the information about the models in
which miRNAs expression were investigated including types of biological samples, as well as on themethods for miRNA validation
and prediction/definition of their gene targets are emphasized in the review. Besides disease pathogenesis, promising role ofmiRNAs
in early disease diagnosis and prognostication is also discussed. However, some miRNAs are also indicated with protective role.
Thus, identifications and usage of such potential miRNAs as well as disruption of disease susceptible miRNAs using antagonists,
antagomirs, are imperative and may provide a novel therapeutic approach towards combating the disease progression.
model to understand the heat stress response of different cattle
types and buffaloes. This investigation aimed to determine the
temporal profile of HSPs (HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and
HSP90) expression in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear
cells (PBMCs) of Murrah buffaloes, Holstein–Friesian
(HF), and Sahiwal cows in response to sublethal heat shock at
42 °C. The viability data indicated HF PBMCs to be the most
affected to the heat shock, whereas Sahiwal PBMCs were
least affected, indicating its better survivability during the heat
stress condition. The qRT-PCR expression data showed significant
increase in mRNA expression of the analyzed HSPs
genes after heat stimuli to the PBMCs under in vitro condition.
In each case, the HSPs were most upregulated at 2 h after the
heat stress. Among the HSPs, HSP70 was relatively more
expressed followed by HSP60 indicating the action of molecular
chaperones to stabilize the native conformation of proteins.
However, PBMCs from different cattle types and buffaloes
showed difference in the extent of transcriptional
response. The level of expression of HSPs throughout the
time period of heat stress was highest in buffaloes, followed
by HF and Sahiwal cows. The higher abundance of HSP70
mRNA at each time point after heat stress showed prolonged
effect of heat stress in HF PBMCs. The data presented here
provided initial evidence of transcriptional differences in
PBMCs of different cattle types and buffaloes and warrant
further research.
ABCA7, ABCG1, ABCG2, and ABCG5; associated transcription factors viz., SREBF1,
LXRa (NR1H3), PPARA, and Solute Carriers (SLC); or Glucose transporters (GLUT)
viz., SLC2A1(GLUT1), SLC2A4 (GLUT4), SLC2A8 (GLUT8), and SLC2A12 (GLUT12)
superfamily of transporters were compared across physiological stages of buffalo mammary
gland. The relative expression of ABCA1, and ABCG1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher in
mammary gland of heifer followed by involution and lactation stages. Similarly, ABCA7
gene expression was highest in heifer mammary gland followed by lactation and involution
stages. ABCG2 gene expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in lactating mammary
gland in comparison to involution and heifer stages. On the other hand, ABCG5 gene
expression was highest in involuting mammary gland followed by lactation and involution
stages. Additionally, the expression of LXRa SREBF1, and PPARA which are known to
regulate some of the ABC tranporters were also analyzed. The expression of LXRa gene
was high in involuting as compared to lactating mammary gland. In contrast, SREBF1
and PPARA expression was significantly (p<0.05) high in lactating mammary gland.
Among the several SLC transporters studied, SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and SLC2A8 showed significant
(p<0.05) higher expression during lactation stage, whereas SLC2A12 expression
was greater during heifer stage suggesting SLC2A1, SLC2A4, and SLC2A8 to be the major
transporters associated with glucose uptake in buffalo mammary gland. The expression profile
of (lactoferrin) LTF, known to be expressed at high level in mammary gland during
involution was also studied. As expected, its expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher
during involution in comparison to lactating mammary gland.in buffaloes as well. The
inclusion of LTF as a control gene further provided the confidence in the buffalo mammary
gland expression data generated in the present study. This study thus helped to provide information
about the distinct expression pattern of various transporters and their regulators in
buffalo mammary gland during different physiological states.