During the reign of Philip II of Macedon, filigree and granulation‑decorated objects of prestige ... more During the reign of Philip II of Macedon, filigree and granulation‑decorated objects of prestige appeared in great numbers across the regions along the lower Danube. These regions were home to Thracian and Getian tribes, and the objects may be seen as a reflection of Philip’s diplomatic‑monetary policy towards his powerful neighbours to the east. The ascendency of the Iron Age aristocracies continued during the reign of Philip’s son, Alexander the Great of Macedon, and his successors, and was marked by the production of outstanding ceremonial objects for the leaders of these Thracian‑Getian tribes. The objects discussed here include Greek pieces of jewellery that circulated especially among the local Thracian‑Getian aristocracy, who lived in close proximity to the splendour of Hellenistic rulers. A good example of such connections and coexistence is the hoard from Cucuteni‑Băiceni, a treasure that contains both Greek and local examples of ceremonial gold work of the highest quality.
Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno sredisce, Institut za dediscino Sredozemlja iz Sl... more Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno sredisce, Institut za dediscino Sredozemlja iz Slovenije sudjelovala je, kao partner voditelj, na međunarodnom projektu naslova Clash of Cultures. Jednom je to od samo dva projekta promocije arheoloske bastine kojeg je za 2012. godinu financijski podržala Europska komisija iz sheme programa Culture (2007-2013). Uz Univerzu na Primorskem na Projektu su sudjelovali i Losinjski muzej iz Hrvatske, kelten romer museum manching iz Njemacke, Zemaljski muzej Bo¬sne i Hercegovine iz Bosne i Hercegovine i Arheoloski muzej Makedonije iz Makedonije. Clash of Cultures je promotivni projekt kojim se, na razne nacine nastojalo prikazati kulturne kontakte europske cjeline za vrijeme posljednjih stoljeca stare ere. Rijec je o doticaju, odnosno iznimnom spoju prapovijesnih zajednica keltske kulture i sredozemnih civilizacija Makedonije, Grcke i Italije. Arheoloska nalazista, odnosno promovirani gradovi ponajprije prikazuju kako je Europa krajem 1. milen...
The Roman period settlement of Praetorium Latobicorum was situated in the area of present-day Tre... more The Roman period settlement of Praetorium Latobicorum was situated in the area of present-day Trebnje along an important itinerary road (Aquileia–Emona–Neviodunum–Romula–Siscia). It acquired its name after the local inhabitants, the Celtic Latobici, who also inhabited the area of Trebnje. Itineraries, milestones, and epigraphic monuments testify to the role of the beneficiarii outpost. The article discusses in detail two pits into which specially selected items were placed. These are two tutelary hoards during the construction of new structures, into which symbolic objects for the protection of a home and the successful operation of a business were placed. A simple pit along a foundry workshop includes parts of a steelyard, a grill fork, and a plate, all originating from the Early Roman period. The second pit, with charred walls, included a valuable statuette of Hercules, cooking pots, a bronze bell, an iron key, and a whetstone. This tutelary pit was dug in the 4th century along a fullery (fullonica) or even a dyehouse (tinctoria), in which, in addition to numerous coins, iron styluses and workshop lead tags (tesserae plumbeae) have been preserved.
The Magical Hill is the mythical name of Lychnidean Ohrid. Of the eight thousand years-long compl... more The Magical Hill is the mythical name of Lychnidean Ohrid. Of the eight thousand years-long complete history of Ohrid, two thousand and four hundred years have been woven into an urbanized continuous development of the city that grew from the ground of the Magical Hill and its surroundings on the shores of Lake Ohrid. Various civilizational achievements, architectural and spiritual, were interwoven with collapses, and occasionally with oblivion. Our time tries to bring them back from oblivion and heal the wounds of the profane and sacral monuments that this city is proud of-the pride not only of the Macedonians, but also of the world's population. Conservation-restoration interventions have been carried out on Samuil's fortress, that profane monument that contains the entire history of Ohrid and Macedonia "in miniature", conservation, restoration and reconstruction of St. Clement's church of St. Panteleimon and the monastery complex, that sacral monument of spiritual survival and ascension, conservation and restoration of the basilicas, of the medieval sacral monuments: the patrikana cathedral Saint Sophia and its fresco-painted worldview, the church of the Holy Mother of God Peribleptos and the biblical representations on the frescoes, and on many more sacral architectural and artistic values containing the civilizational achievements that regenerated the life of this spatial microcosm on the Balkans.
Il contributo "La conquista dello spazio con l’ausilio dell’impavido Ercole e di altre divinità ... more Il contributo "La conquista dello spazio con l’ausilio dell’impavido Ercole e di altre divinità del pantheon romano" propone uno sguardo sui culti romani in Istria, prendendo come esempio le statuette in bronzo delle divinità. L’attenzione è focalizzata su Ercole, il protettore delle città e delle case. Dopo la fondazione di Aquileia nel 181 a.C. e la caduta di Nesazio nel 177 a.C., questo leggendario eroe greco, raffigurato in un attacco con la clava, diventa fortemente presente nell’entroterra orientale del Caput Adriae. In questo periodo di romanizzazione, Ercole ha sostituito le votive in bronzo venetiche raffiguranti guerrieri con elmo, scudo e giavellotto. Ercole è una figura centrale nei nuovi empori romani come Colonia Iulia Pollentia Herculanea e forse anche Tergeste. La figura di Ercole dexiomena (anche bibax o sacrificante), rinvenuta oltre Črni Kal all’ingresso del castelliere di Ajdovščina sopra Roditti, è considerata un protettore di mercanti, marinai e viaggiatori. Il contributo tratta anche di una statuetta di Atteone scoperta casualmente a Capodistria. Si è constatato che si tratta di un prodotto di qualità delle officine romane antiche, probabilmente utilizzato come ornamento su un carro da viaggio. In Istria sono presenti anche altre sculture bronzee, sempre appartenenti all’ornamento dei carri, che sono così testimoni dell’alto livello di vita raggiunto dai patrizi nella prima età imperiale.
Die Eisenschwerter der Kelten sind Meisterwerken ihrer Zeit. Ihre Herstellung und die Verzierung ... more Die Eisenschwerter der Kelten sind Meisterwerken ihrer Zeit. Ihre Herstellung und die Verzierung der Scheiden erforderten Spezialwissen und Erfahrung, die das ferrum noricum weithin bekannt machten.
This paper conveys my personal perception of my encounter with the Macedonians and Macedonian arc... more This paper conveys my personal perception of my encounter with the Macedonians and Macedonian archaeology. It points to the roots of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje and the work of Dr France Mesesnel. Through a selection of old photographs and works of Slovenian painters, who during their visits to Macedonia recorded certain aspects of its life, this contribution reminds us of the importance of collecting this kind of material, which is slowly sinking into oblivion. It is, however, of immense importance for the reconstruction of the life of previous generations and individuals of various professions in the areas of humanities. In addition, this paper refreshes the memory of some collaboration between Slovenian and Macedonian archaeologists in the period from 1945 to 2014. The second part contains a selection of Macedonian archaeologists as I perceived them, and their monographs, which today serve as the basis for the insight into the ancient history of Macedonia.
An extraordinary grave group from the surroundings of Sremska Mitrovica contained an excellent ex... more An extraordinary grave group from the surroundings of Sremska Mitrovica contained an excellent example of a belt buckle and its fastening plate, depicting a horseman, which is an important and significant find in terms of female dress accessories. Along with the exceptional grave goods from Jarak and the rich hoards from the Srem and Banat regions, the presumed grave group confirms the existence of an important female elite in the Celtic community of the Scordisci, which was especially prominent before the Roman conquest.
Gruda je izraz za gomile na območju Črne Gore in južne Dalmacije. Med njimi so najstarejše gomile... more Gruda je izraz za gomile na območju Črne Gore in južne Dalmacije. Med njimi so najstarejše gomile iz obdobja bakrene dobe zgodovinsko izredno zanimive. Predstavljajo geografsko in vsebinsko zaključene kulturne celote in s tem skupino najpomembnejših arheoloških najdišč v Črni gori. Visoko nasute gomile kot so Mala in Velika Gruda iz Tivta in Gruda Boljevića v Podgorci, s spoštljivo velikimi grobnicami iz kamnitih plošč apnenca in izjemnimi grobnimi inventarji so odsev prve prazgodovinske elite najvišjega stanu iz prehoda iz 4. v 3. tisočletje pr. n. št. K tem knežjim grobovom sodi še vrsta istočasnih gomil kot so Mogila na Rake pri Sutomoru, Rubeži pri Nikšiću in Kujava II pri Danilovgradu s prav tako monumentalnimi grobnicami a samo s pridatki v obliki značilnega keramičnega seta: enoročajnega vrča in sklede na prstanasti nogi z okrasom narejenim s pomočjo vrezov in koleščka. Set je značilnost vseh grobnih inventarjev v gomilah tega obdobja. Kamnite grobnice pokrite z mogočnimi gom...
During the reign of Philip II of Macedon, filigree and granulation‑decorated objects of prestige ... more During the reign of Philip II of Macedon, filigree and granulation‑decorated objects of prestige appeared in great numbers across the regions along the lower Danube. These regions were home to Thracian and Getian tribes, and the objects may be seen as a reflection of Philip’s diplomatic‑monetary policy towards his powerful neighbours to the east. The ascendency of the Iron Age aristocracies continued during the reign of Philip’s son, Alexander the Great of Macedon, and his successors, and was marked by the production of outstanding ceremonial objects for the leaders of these Thracian‑Getian tribes. The objects discussed here include Greek pieces of jewellery that circulated especially among the local Thracian‑Getian aristocracy, who lived in close proximity to the splendour of Hellenistic rulers. A good example of such connections and coexistence is the hoard from Cucuteni‑Băiceni, a treasure that contains both Greek and local examples of ceremonial gold work of the highest quality.
Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno sredisce, Institut za dediscino Sredozemlja iz Sl... more Univerza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno sredisce, Institut za dediscino Sredozemlja iz Slovenije sudjelovala je, kao partner voditelj, na međunarodnom projektu naslova Clash of Cultures. Jednom je to od samo dva projekta promocije arheoloske bastine kojeg je za 2012. godinu financijski podržala Europska komisija iz sheme programa Culture (2007-2013). Uz Univerzu na Primorskem na Projektu su sudjelovali i Losinjski muzej iz Hrvatske, kelten romer museum manching iz Njemacke, Zemaljski muzej Bo¬sne i Hercegovine iz Bosne i Hercegovine i Arheoloski muzej Makedonije iz Makedonije. Clash of Cultures je promotivni projekt kojim se, na razne nacine nastojalo prikazati kulturne kontakte europske cjeline za vrijeme posljednjih stoljeca stare ere. Rijec je o doticaju, odnosno iznimnom spoju prapovijesnih zajednica keltske kulture i sredozemnih civilizacija Makedonije, Grcke i Italije. Arheoloska nalazista, odnosno promovirani gradovi ponajprije prikazuju kako je Europa krajem 1. milen...
The Roman period settlement of Praetorium Latobicorum was situated in the area of present-day Tre... more The Roman period settlement of Praetorium Latobicorum was situated in the area of present-day Trebnje along an important itinerary road (Aquileia–Emona–Neviodunum–Romula–Siscia). It acquired its name after the local inhabitants, the Celtic Latobici, who also inhabited the area of Trebnje. Itineraries, milestones, and epigraphic monuments testify to the role of the beneficiarii outpost. The article discusses in detail two pits into which specially selected items were placed. These are two tutelary hoards during the construction of new structures, into which symbolic objects for the protection of a home and the successful operation of a business were placed. A simple pit along a foundry workshop includes parts of a steelyard, a grill fork, and a plate, all originating from the Early Roman period. The second pit, with charred walls, included a valuable statuette of Hercules, cooking pots, a bronze bell, an iron key, and a whetstone. This tutelary pit was dug in the 4th century along a fullery (fullonica) or even a dyehouse (tinctoria), in which, in addition to numerous coins, iron styluses and workshop lead tags (tesserae plumbeae) have been preserved.
The Magical Hill is the mythical name of Lychnidean Ohrid. Of the eight thousand years-long compl... more The Magical Hill is the mythical name of Lychnidean Ohrid. Of the eight thousand years-long complete history of Ohrid, two thousand and four hundred years have been woven into an urbanized continuous development of the city that grew from the ground of the Magical Hill and its surroundings on the shores of Lake Ohrid. Various civilizational achievements, architectural and spiritual, were interwoven with collapses, and occasionally with oblivion. Our time tries to bring them back from oblivion and heal the wounds of the profane and sacral monuments that this city is proud of-the pride not only of the Macedonians, but also of the world's population. Conservation-restoration interventions have been carried out on Samuil's fortress, that profane monument that contains the entire history of Ohrid and Macedonia "in miniature", conservation, restoration and reconstruction of St. Clement's church of St. Panteleimon and the monastery complex, that sacral monument of spiritual survival and ascension, conservation and restoration of the basilicas, of the medieval sacral monuments: the patrikana cathedral Saint Sophia and its fresco-painted worldview, the church of the Holy Mother of God Peribleptos and the biblical representations on the frescoes, and on many more sacral architectural and artistic values containing the civilizational achievements that regenerated the life of this spatial microcosm on the Balkans.
Il contributo "La conquista dello spazio con l’ausilio dell’impavido Ercole e di altre divinità ... more Il contributo "La conquista dello spazio con l’ausilio dell’impavido Ercole e di altre divinità del pantheon romano" propone uno sguardo sui culti romani in Istria, prendendo come esempio le statuette in bronzo delle divinità. L’attenzione è focalizzata su Ercole, il protettore delle città e delle case. Dopo la fondazione di Aquileia nel 181 a.C. e la caduta di Nesazio nel 177 a.C., questo leggendario eroe greco, raffigurato in un attacco con la clava, diventa fortemente presente nell’entroterra orientale del Caput Adriae. In questo periodo di romanizzazione, Ercole ha sostituito le votive in bronzo venetiche raffiguranti guerrieri con elmo, scudo e giavellotto. Ercole è una figura centrale nei nuovi empori romani come Colonia Iulia Pollentia Herculanea e forse anche Tergeste. La figura di Ercole dexiomena (anche bibax o sacrificante), rinvenuta oltre Črni Kal all’ingresso del castelliere di Ajdovščina sopra Roditti, è considerata un protettore di mercanti, marinai e viaggiatori. Il contributo tratta anche di una statuetta di Atteone scoperta casualmente a Capodistria. Si è constatato che si tratta di un prodotto di qualità delle officine romane antiche, probabilmente utilizzato come ornamento su un carro da viaggio. In Istria sono presenti anche altre sculture bronzee, sempre appartenenti all’ornamento dei carri, che sono così testimoni dell’alto livello di vita raggiunto dai patrizi nella prima età imperiale.
Die Eisenschwerter der Kelten sind Meisterwerken ihrer Zeit. Ihre Herstellung und die Verzierung ... more Die Eisenschwerter der Kelten sind Meisterwerken ihrer Zeit. Ihre Herstellung und die Verzierung der Scheiden erforderten Spezialwissen und Erfahrung, die das ferrum noricum weithin bekannt machten.
This paper conveys my personal perception of my encounter with the Macedonians and Macedonian arc... more This paper conveys my personal perception of my encounter with the Macedonians and Macedonian archaeology. It points to the roots of the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje and the work of Dr France Mesesnel. Through a selection of old photographs and works of Slovenian painters, who during their visits to Macedonia recorded certain aspects of its life, this contribution reminds us of the importance of collecting this kind of material, which is slowly sinking into oblivion. It is, however, of immense importance for the reconstruction of the life of previous generations and individuals of various professions in the areas of humanities. In addition, this paper refreshes the memory of some collaboration between Slovenian and Macedonian archaeologists in the period from 1945 to 2014. The second part contains a selection of Macedonian archaeologists as I perceived them, and their monographs, which today serve as the basis for the insight into the ancient history of Macedonia.
An extraordinary grave group from the surroundings of Sremska Mitrovica contained an excellent ex... more An extraordinary grave group from the surroundings of Sremska Mitrovica contained an excellent example of a belt buckle and its fastening plate, depicting a horseman, which is an important and significant find in terms of female dress accessories. Along with the exceptional grave goods from Jarak and the rich hoards from the Srem and Banat regions, the presumed grave group confirms the existence of an important female elite in the Celtic community of the Scordisci, which was especially prominent before the Roman conquest.
Gruda je izraz za gomile na območju Črne Gore in južne Dalmacije. Med njimi so najstarejše gomile... more Gruda je izraz za gomile na območju Črne Gore in južne Dalmacije. Med njimi so najstarejše gomile iz obdobja bakrene dobe zgodovinsko izredno zanimive. Predstavljajo geografsko in vsebinsko zaključene kulturne celote in s tem skupino najpomembnejših arheoloških najdišč v Črni gori. Visoko nasute gomile kot so Mala in Velika Gruda iz Tivta in Gruda Boljevića v Podgorci, s spoštljivo velikimi grobnicami iz kamnitih plošč apnenca in izjemnimi grobnimi inventarji so odsev prve prazgodovinske elite najvišjega stanu iz prehoda iz 4. v 3. tisočletje pr. n. št. K tem knežjim grobovom sodi še vrsta istočasnih gomil kot so Mogila na Rake pri Sutomoru, Rubeži pri Nikšiću in Kujava II pri Danilovgradu s prav tako monumentalnimi grobnicami a samo s pridatki v obliki značilnega keramičnega seta: enoročajnega vrča in sklede na prstanasti nogi z okrasom narejenim s pomočjo vrezov in koleščka. Set je značilnost vseh grobnih inventarjev v gomilah tega obdobja. Kamnite grobnice pokrite z mogočnimi gom...
Research project Roman Countryside (1992 - 1995) led by the Dept. of Archaeology, University of L... more Research project Roman Countryside (1992 - 1995) led by the Dept. of Archaeology, University of Ljubljana presents one of the pioneering projects in Slovene archaeology of studying the Roman countryside with different prospection (non-invasive) techniques.
Raziskovalni projekt Rimsko podeželje, ki ga je vodil Oddelek za arheologijo z Univerze v Ljubljani med leti 1992 in 1995, predstavlja enega prvih projektov preučevanja rimskih ruralnih oblik v slovenski arheologiji s pomočjo različnih neinvazivnih tehnik.
Whithin the Gravitation 33 Project human contacts and innovative artistic souls (Milan Kešelj, Ml... more Whithin the Gravitation 33 Project human contacts and innovative artistic souls (Milan Kešelj, Mladen Marinkov, Dušan Todorović, all from Novi Sad artistic enviroment and gentle plains of Vojvodina) have been interlaced and connected within a joint art exibithion since as far back as 1980, and again in 2013.
An increasing number of travelers from different regions have been recorded to arrive at the base... more An increasing number of travelers from different regions have been recorded to arrive at the base of the Rumija Mountain, above Lake Skadar, ever since the construction of the modern road and establishment of railroad; after a whole century, several decades ago, the small town of Virpazar on Lake Skadar, and its local market, have become a tourist attraction.
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Papers by Mitja Gustin
The article discusses in detail two pits into which specially selected items were placed. These are two tutelary hoards during the construction of new structures, into which symbolic objects for the protection of a home and the successful operation of a business were placed. A simple pit along a foundry workshop includes parts of a steelyard, a grill fork, and a plate, all originating from the Early Roman period. The second pit, with charred walls, included a valuable statuette of Hercules, cooking pots, a bronze bell, an iron key, and a whetstone. This tutelary pit was dug in the 4th century along a fullery (fullonica) or even a dyehouse (tinctoria), in which, in addition to numerous coins, iron styluses and workshop lead tags (tesserae plumbeae) have been preserved.
Dopo la fondazione di Aquileia nel 181 a.C. e la caduta di Nesazio nel 177 a.C., questo leggendario eroe greco, raffigurato in un attacco con la clava, diventa fortemente presente nell’entroterra orientale del Caput Adriae. In questo periodo di romanizzazione, Ercole ha sostituito le votive in
bronzo venetiche raffiguranti guerrieri con elmo, scudo e giavellotto. Ercole è una figura centrale nei nuovi empori romani come Colonia Iulia Pollentia Herculanea e forse anche Tergeste. La figura di Ercole dexiomena (anche bibax o sacrificante), rinvenuta oltre Črni Kal all’ingresso del castelliere
di Ajdovščina sopra Roditti, è considerata un protettore di mercanti, marinai e viaggiatori. Il contributo tratta anche di una statuetta di Atteone scoperta casualmente a Capodistria. Si è constatato che si tratta di un prodotto di qualità delle officine romane antiche, probabilmente utilizzato come ornamento su un carro da viaggio. In Istria sono presenti anche altre sculture bronzee, sempre appartenenti all’ornamento dei carri, che sono così testimoni dell’alto livello di vita raggiunto dai patrizi nella prima età imperiale.
painters, who during their visits to Macedonia recorded certain aspects of its life, this contribution reminds us of the importance of collecting this kind of material, which is slowly sinking into oblivion. It is, however, of immense importance for the reconstruction of the life of previous generations and individuals of various professions in the areas of humanities. In addition,
this paper refreshes the memory of some collaboration between Slovenian and Macedonian archaeologists in the period from 1945 to 2014. The second part contains a selection of Macedonian archaeologists as I perceived them, and their monographs, which today serve as the basis for the insight into the ancient history of Macedonia.
The article discusses in detail two pits into which specially selected items were placed. These are two tutelary hoards during the construction of new structures, into which symbolic objects for the protection of a home and the successful operation of a business were placed. A simple pit along a foundry workshop includes parts of a steelyard, a grill fork, and a plate, all originating from the Early Roman period. The second pit, with charred walls, included a valuable statuette of Hercules, cooking pots, a bronze bell, an iron key, and a whetstone. This tutelary pit was dug in the 4th century along a fullery (fullonica) or even a dyehouse (tinctoria), in which, in addition to numerous coins, iron styluses and workshop lead tags (tesserae plumbeae) have been preserved.
Dopo la fondazione di Aquileia nel 181 a.C. e la caduta di Nesazio nel 177 a.C., questo leggendario eroe greco, raffigurato in un attacco con la clava, diventa fortemente presente nell’entroterra orientale del Caput Adriae. In questo periodo di romanizzazione, Ercole ha sostituito le votive in
bronzo venetiche raffiguranti guerrieri con elmo, scudo e giavellotto. Ercole è una figura centrale nei nuovi empori romani come Colonia Iulia Pollentia Herculanea e forse anche Tergeste. La figura di Ercole dexiomena (anche bibax o sacrificante), rinvenuta oltre Črni Kal all’ingresso del castelliere
di Ajdovščina sopra Roditti, è considerata un protettore di mercanti, marinai e viaggiatori. Il contributo tratta anche di una statuetta di Atteone scoperta casualmente a Capodistria. Si è constatato che si tratta di un prodotto di qualità delle officine romane antiche, probabilmente utilizzato come ornamento su un carro da viaggio. In Istria sono presenti anche altre sculture bronzee, sempre appartenenti all’ornamento dei carri, che sono così testimoni dell’alto livello di vita raggiunto dai patrizi nella prima età imperiale.
painters, who during their visits to Macedonia recorded certain aspects of its life, this contribution reminds us of the importance of collecting this kind of material, which is slowly sinking into oblivion. It is, however, of immense importance for the reconstruction of the life of previous generations and individuals of various professions in the areas of humanities. In addition,
this paper refreshes the memory of some collaboration between Slovenian and Macedonian archaeologists in the period from 1945 to 2014. The second part contains a selection of Macedonian archaeologists as I perceived them, and their monographs, which today serve as the basis for the insight into the ancient history of Macedonia.
Raziskovalni projekt Rimsko podeželje, ki ga je vodil Oddelek za arheologijo z Univerze v Ljubljani med leti 1992 in 1995, predstavlja enega prvih projektov preučevanja rimskih ruralnih oblik v slovenski arheologiji s pomočjo različnih neinvazivnih tehnik.