The present review article deals with the current and crucial understanding of intrahepatic chole... more The present review article deals with the current and crucial understanding of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), in terms of its incidence, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical outcomes, and the required management involving regular monitoring and treatment. This comprehensive review was conducted using a search strategy. ICP-related relevant publications were searched using Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. All the searched materials including literature review, original articles, and case reports were collected between 2015 and 2023, and conference papers were excluded from the study. It was found that genetic, inflammatory, hormonal, and ecological conditions play a significant part in the progressive cause of ICP. However, due to its multifactorial and complicated etiology, the treatment of this disease is still a difficult task. A clear understanding of ICP with its pathophysiology and etiology can give a significant effort to manage the severity of this disease with effective treatment.
https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Research-Journal-of-Pharmacy-and-Technology-0974-360X?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImhvbWUiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGlResearch Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2024
The great effectiveness of Acacia nilotica as a natural antitumor agent is well identified. Howev... more The great effectiveness of Acacia nilotica as a natural antitumor agent is well identified. However, the anticancer efficiency of fruit-part of A. nilotica against cervical and breast cancer cells, is still unknown. Hence, the present study for the first time, focuses on the dose and time related anticancer effects of A. nilotica fruit-extract, via its cytotoxic efficiency on HeLa and MCF7 cells. Furthermore, with the aim to check the anticancer tendency of A. nilotica-fruit-extract at molecular level, our study is the first-hand investigation that evaluates the expression of five crucial oncogenes (P53, PIK3CA, ERBB2, TNF and EGFR), in A. nilotica-treated HeLa and MCF7 cells, utilizing RT-qPCR. When HeLa and MCF7 cells were treated with increasing doses (3.25-100µl) of A. nilotica fruit-extract, for different time-durations (24, 48 and 72h). Dose-dependent effective cytotoxic effects of A. nilotica were noticed in treated-cancer cells. Based on time-durations, A. nilotica-induced cytotoxic effects was in highest rate on the time period of 24 h as compared to 48 and 72h. Furthermore, at this most effective time-period (24h), the low-dose (12.5µl) of A. nilotica was sufficient to show severe cytotoxic effects (27% and 26% cell-viability) on treated-cancer cells. In RT-qPCR analysis, the treatment of A. nilotica with its effective-dose (12.5µl) caused highly significant (p<0.01) decreased expressions for four (P53, PIK3CA, ERBB2 and EGFR) and three (P53, PIK3CA and ERBB2) oncogenes, in HeLa and MCF cells, respectively. This is the first-report on the low-dose effects of fruit-part of A. nilotica which can be effectively used to reduce cancer growth
The objective of this case report is to discuss a case of septicemia caused by Escherichia coli f... more The objective of this case report is to discuss a case of septicemia caused by Escherichia coli following cervical cerclage. The study described a case of a 42-year-old female patient who visited the Antenatal Clinic for a follow-up appointment during the 8th week of gestation. The patient had previously undergone successful in vitro fertilization treatment following 16 years of primary infertility. A routine ultrasound scan revealed cervical dilatation of 2-3 cm. The patient was advised to undergo cervical cerclage insertion. Two days after the surgery, she presented with pneumonia and also experienced vaginal bleeding, necessitating the removal of the cervical cerclage. Unfortunately, the patient suffered a stillbirth. Her condition deteriorated the following day, leading to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction. After receiving the treatment, the patient was discharged; 2 days after being discharged the patient's blood culture and sensitivity results indicated a significant growth of Escherichia coli and a diagnosis of toxic myocarditis. Following 2 months of intensive treatment, the patient showed significant improvement; however, there was the presence of some mild renal impairment and he was ultimately discharged home. Maternal sepsis poses a significant risk to the health and lives of pregnant women. Escherichia coli stands out as a primary causative agent after cervical cerclage.
The impressive role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is well identified for cancer therapy. Howeve... more The impressive role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is well identified for cancer therapy. However, safety concerns have been raised about the adverse effects of high-doses of chemically-synthesized-AgNPs that release many hazardous residues and in turn diminish the anticancer property of AgNPs. Hence, to overcome these side effects and to maintain the anticancer effectiveness of AgNPs at relatively low-doses, the present study utilizes a natural antitumor product Ferula asafoetida (FA) in the preparation of green synthesis of AgNPs and further focuses on its cytotoxic effects, against Lung and Cervical cancer cells. The successful green-synthesis of FA-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–Vis-spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, FTIR and IR. Based on cytotoxicity assay, the average low (6.25 μl) and high (25 μl) doses of FA-AgNPs were observed to cause severe cytotoxic effects on studied cancer cells. Furthermore, our study was also directed to check any possible antitumorigenicmodulatory- effects of low and high doses of FA-AgNPs on the expression of four oncogenes (PIK3CA, KRAS, EGFR and ERBB3). In RT-qPCR analysis, the low and high doses of FA-AgNPs caused significant(p < 0.01) downregulation effects on the expression of PIK3CA and KRAS oncogenes, in treated-cancer cells. This is the first-report on the role of FA-AgNPs that induce strong cytotoxicity with its low-doses.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is often a complication of polycystic ovarian
syndrome (... more Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is often a complication of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most frequent disorder of the endocrine system, which affects women in their reproductive years. The etiology of OHSS is multifactorial, though the factors involved are not apparent. In an attempt to unveil the molecular basis of OHSS, we conducted transcriptome analysis of total RNA extracted from granulosa cells from PCOS patients with a history of OHSS (n = 6) and compared them to those with no history of OHSS (n = 18). We identified 59 significantly dysregulated genes (48 down-regulated, 11 up-regulated) in the PCOS with OHSS group compared to the PCOS without OHSS group (p-value < 0.01, fold change >1.5). Functional, pathway and network analyses revealed genes involved in cellular development, inflammatory and immune response, cellular growth and proliferation (including DCN, VIM, LIFR, GRN, IL33, INSR, KLF2, FOXO1, VEGF, RDX, PLCL1, PAPPA, and ZFP36), and significant alterations in the PPAR, IL6, IL10, JAK/STAT and NF-B signaling pathways. Array findings were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of Saudi PCOS cases (with or without OHSS) to date that was analyzed using a transcriptomic approach. Our data demonstrate alterations in various gene networks and pathways that may be involved in the pathophysiology of OHSS. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings.
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 2022
Objectives: Obstetrical hemorrhage contributes significantly
to maternal morbidity and mortality.... more Objectives: Obstetrical hemorrhage contributes significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality. Assessment of blood loss while undergoing cesarean sections (CS) is essential in lowering the morbidity and mortality, however this amount is commonly underestimated by the surgeon and probably the anesthetist too. Methods: This study addresses this issue by comparing three separate ways of assessing blood loss during cesarean sections. For each of 97 full-term pregnant women undergoing elective CS, blood loss was measured by the following: visual estimation by both the obstetrician and the anesthetist, weighing surgical pads pre operatively and post operatively and by calculations (multiplying the difference of pre-operative and postoperative hemoglobin values by the patient’s estimated blood volume). Results: The results of this study indicated that the lowest estimated value for blood loss came from visual estimation, while the highest value came from the mathematical
The aim of the present study, is to investigate the influence of obesity, with and without
polycy... more The aim of the present study, is to investigate the influence of obesity, with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), on the levels of kisspeptin, vitamin D (Vit D), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to explore the relationship between these parameters and endocrine and metabolic variables. The study group included 126 obese Saudi females. Of these 63 were suffering from PCOS while the rest were normo-ovulatory obese women (non-PCOS obese). In the obese PCOS, VEGF was almost four times as high as in the non-PCOS obese, while kisspeptin and Vit D did not differ. A highly significant elevation was recorded in the waist/hip (WHR), cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting glucose, LH, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol (E2), and testosterone, while hip circumference, leptin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the obese PCOS subjects. BMI, HDL-C, ghrelin, insulin, and FSH levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The obese PCOS had the same level of insulin resistance as the non-PCOS group, as judged by QUICK Index. Correlation studies showed a significant negative correlation between kisspeptin and glucose and LH levels, and a positive correlation with LH/FSH ratio in obese PCOS while in the non-PCOS obese, the kisspeptin correlated positively with glucose, and there was no correlation with LH or LH/FSH. VEGF negatively correlated with FSH and positively with LH/FSH ratio in the non- PCOS obese but this was lost in the obese PCOS. PCOS had no effect on the correlation between Vit D and all studied parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed triglyceride as predictor variable for kisspeptin as a dependent variable, while, leptin is a predictor variable for VEGF as a dependent variable. ROC studies showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for VEGF (AOC=1.00), followed by LH/FSH ratio (AOC=0.979). In conclusion, our study shows that PCOS results in significant elevation of VEGF in obese females, while kisspeptin and Vit D levels are not affected. It also leads to elevation in several of the lipid and hormonal abnormalities in the obese females
Background: Variations in KISS1 may be an emerging factor in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) We ... more Background: Variations in KISS1 may be an emerging factor in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) We hypothesised links between KISS1 polymorphisms in PCOS and its associated endocrine and metabolic disturbances. Methods: The study included 104 PCOS women and 109 controls. Endocrine (kisspeptin, LH, FSH, LH-FSH ratio, oestradiol) and metabolic (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, insulin and glucose) parameters were measured. PCR and nucleotide sequencing were carried out to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KISS1. Endocrine and metabolic parameters of PCOS women were compared in the genotypes. Results: Three novel SNPs (rs1213704663C>G, rs1481572212T>G and rs775770652G>A) were detected in KISS1. Of these SNPs, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs1213704663C>G were all significantly associated p<0.001 with PCOS. The LH and oestradiol hypersecretion, and increased LH-FSH ratio of PCOS women were significantly influenced by the GG genotype of rs1213704663, but, this SNP did not influence kisspeptin levels. The other two SNPs rs1481572212T>G and rs775770652G>A exhibited no clinical significance. Conclusion: rs1213704663C>G variation in KISS1 is linked to PCOS and its associated endocrine and metabolic disturbances (LH and oestradiol hypersecretion, and increased LH/FSH).
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex multifactorial disorder, affecting mill... more Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex multifactorial disorder, affecting millions of women worldwide. The role of genetic polymorphisms of the KISS1 gene on the development of PCOS is still obscure. This study was designed to investigate the probable influence of KISS1 gene polymorphisms on PCOS and its associated variables: BMI, waist-hip ratio, kisspeptin, LH, FSH, and LH-FSH ratio. Methods: The study comprised 104 PCOS women and 109 controls, with age ranging from 19 to 36 years. BMI, waist-hip ratio, and circulating levels of kisspeptin, LH, and FSH were measured. DNA was extracted, and genotyping of the KISS1 gene was carried out by nucleotide sequencing. The PCOS-associated variables were analyzed in different genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the KISS1 gene. Results: The values of waist-hip ratio (WHR), LH, and LH-FSH ratio were significantly higher in PCOS women than controls. BMI, kisspeptin, and FSH levels exhibited no significant difference between the groups. Six novel SNPs of KISS1 gene were identified. Three: rs372790354G > A, rs12998G > A, and rs35431622A > T were investigated. Among these SNPs, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs372790354 showed significant association with PCOS (GA: p = 0.018, AA: p = 0.022, mutant allele-A: p = 0.021) and the G allele was protective. The values of LH, kisspeptin, and WHR of PCOS women were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by the AA genotype of rs372790354. The other two SNPs rs12998G > A and rs35431622A > T revealed no significant influence on PCOS and associated variables. Haplotypes were constructed, but there was no significant difference between the patients and controls. Conclusion: In conclusion, this is the first study, which reports a significant influence of KISS1 gene polymorphism (rs372790354G > A) on PCOS and its associated variables. However, more extensive research is necessary to confirm these findings.
solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter-and intra-molecular H-bonds. The resul... more solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter-and intra-molecular H-bonds. The results suggest that the structural changes brought about by the mutation, influence the signaling pathways by some unknown mechanism, which may be contributing to the abnormalities seen in the individuals carrying the G allele of rs1137101.
solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter-and intra-molecular H-bonds. The resul... more solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter-and intra-molecular H-bonds. The results suggest that the structural changes brought about by the mutation, influence the signaling pathways by some unknown mechanism, which may be contributing to the abnormalities seen in the individuals carrying the G allele of rs1137101.
Heterotopic pregnancy is the presence of intrauterine pregnancy (living or deadsingle or multiple... more Heterotopic pregnancy is the presence of intrauterine pregnancy (living or deadsingle or multiple) and extra-uterine pregnancy which located in the fallopian tubes, ovary, uterine corner, cervix or peritoneal cavity. This condition is very rare (1:30 000 pregnancies). With the development and accessibility of assisted reproductive techniques, the incidence of heterotopic pregnancies increased to 1:100 of pregnancies. The aim of this report is to present a case of early recognized double ectopic pregnancy tubal and cervical pregnancy. The case is a 30 years old Saudi lady 6 weeks gestation in her 3rd pregnancy the first was twin pregnancy delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery and the 2nd is term singleton pregnancy delivered also by spontaneous vaginal delivery. The patient admitted because of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain lasting for 48 hours diagnosed as ruptured left tubal pregnancy and underwent emergency laparotomy in which left salpingectomy was done and the other tube and both ovaries were normal. Patient discharge in a good condition 3 days after the surgery. Patient seen in her follow up visit 4 days after discharge serum βhCG was still high ultrasound reviled a viable pregnancy in the posterior lower part of the uterus at the junction with cervix. Laparoscopic successfully guided feticide is donefollowed by IM injection of Methotrexate. Patient had a spontaneous pregnancy which was uncomplicated till she had a spontaneous delivery without complications 1 year later.
Background: Kisspeptin is involved in female reproduction. This study was designed to i-estimate ... more Background: Kisspeptin is involved in female reproduction. This study was designed to i-estimate kisspeptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in comparison with controls, ii-study the correlations between kisspeptin and PCOS-related reproductive hormones, and iii-investigate the relation between KISS1 gene polymorphisms and hormone levels in women suffering from PCOS. Methods: The investigation was a clinically designed study on 28 women with PCOS, and 30 normal, healthy women with no signs of PCOS as controls. Blood samples were collected between day 3 and day 6 of the menstrual cycle in both groups at 8:00 a.m., and circulating levels of LH, FSH and kisspeptin were estimated. DNA was extracted from whole blood and all coding exons of KISS1 gene were sequenced. Results: Women with PCOS had higher LH levels and BMI compared to controls. Plasma kisspeptin levels were positively correlated with LH levels. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of kisspeptin and FSH levels. The SNP rs4889 C/G, a non-synonymous SNP, was investigated in the PCOS group. The frequency of GG genotype was significantly higher in the PCOS compared to the controls. These patients were more obese, had higher kisspeptin and FSH levels. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the genetic variation of KISS1 gene may be a factor contributing to PCOS development. The association between the gene and the gene variation and PCOS need further validation in large-scaled and functional studies.
Objectives: Alternations in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ERα) play an essential role in oste... more Objectives: Alternations in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ERα) play an essential role in osteoporosis etiology. In this study, the relationship between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ERα (G2014A) and osteoporosis in Saudi women were investigated. Methods: In this research 40 females with osteoporosis and 41 healthy controls ranging in age from 35 to 75 years were examined. Demographic data were recorded, and blood samples were drawn in plain and in EDTA tubes for estimation of estrogens in the serum and extraction of DNA, respectively. The DNA was used to amplify the fragment of interest carrying the SNP in ERα by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was subjected to DNA sequencing. Results: G2014A was polymorphic in Saudi women. Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared in the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups. Although the genotypes of osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic subjects were significantly different (p=0.0157), the allelic frequency was not significantly different (p=0.519). Estrogen levels significantly differed between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic subjects (mean ± SD E2: 46.6 ± 30.7 vs. 68.7 ± 47.1 pg/mL, p=0.0143). Importantly, a significant difference in waist-hip ratio in osteoporotic patient and the nonosteoporotic group was detected (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.0, p=0.0174). Conclusion: Although there was no relationship between G2014A and osteoporosis in Saudi women, this study sheds light on another aspect, such as the significant difference in estrogen levels in these two groups. Furthermore, an advantageous effect of fat on bone mass was observed in the non-osteoporotic group.
Background: This study was designed to evaluate the associations
between vitamin D receptor (VDR)... more Background: This study was designed to evaluate the associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and biochemical characteristics of Saudi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Serum levels of LH, FSH, and Vitamin D were measured in 33 women: 16 patients and 17 normal controls (18 to 36 years). DNA was extracted and used for sequencing of the exons of VDR gene using ABI PRISM 3730xi Genetic Analyzer. Results: Weight, BMI, Vit D, LH and FSH levels were higher in the PCOS patients compared to control group, where Vit D level correlated positively and significantly with FSH, in the control, but showed a negative and non-significant correlation in the PCOS patients. Sequencing results showed extensive polymorphisms in both groups, but the differences in the frequencies were not significant. Demographic and hormonal parameters were compared in the different genotypes of the SNPs. Significant differences were ob served in the values of the studied parameters in rs11168276
Background: In some populations, obesity and body weight related disorders show a correlation wit... more Background: In some populations, obesity and body weight related disorders show a correlation with polymorphisms in three subtypes of beta-adrenoceptor (β1, β2, and β3) [ADRB1, ADRB2 and ADRB3] genes. We scanned for the polymorphism of Arg389Gly (rs1801253) in ADRB1 and Trp64Arg (rs4994) in ADRB3 genes in Saudi population to determine association, if any, of these polymorphisms with obesity and related disorders. Methods: We studied 329 non-related adults (33.1% men and 66.9% women), aged 18-36 years. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were calculated; leptin, insulin, lipidogram, and glucose concentrations were determined. ADRB1 and ADRB3 polymorphisms (Arg389Gly and Trp64Arg, respectively) were screened by DNA sequencing. The subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m 2), overweight (BMI ≥25.1-29.9 kg/m 2) subjects, and obese (≥30 kg/m 2). Results: In the age-matched groups of the normal weight, overweight and obese male and female subjects, all anthropometric parameters were found to be significantly higher, and in the obese group, all biochemical parameters were significantly elevated compared to the normal weight controls. The allelic frequency of Gly389 ADRB1 did not differ amongst the three groups, whereas the frequency of Arg64 of ADRB3 gene was significantly higher in the overweight and obese subjects, compared with the normal weight subjects. In addition, subjects carrying Arg64 allele regardless of their BMI had a greater waist and hip circumference, W/H ratio, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, leptin, insulin, and glucose level compared to those with the wild-type Trp allele. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown a significant association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism in ADRB3 gene and the development of overweight and obesity in Saudi populations. It also has an influence on the levels of lipid, insulin, leptin, and glucose, whereas, Arg389Gly polymorphism in ADRB1 is not associated with overweight, obesity or dyslipidaemias in Saudis.
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the most frequently encounte... more Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the most frequently encountered hormonal pathologies in women during their reproductive years. Leptin and ghrelin, peptide hormones with adipostatic and orexigenic effect, respectively, seem to be involved in the metabolic changes that occur in PCOS. The aim of this study was to determine serum ghrelin and leptin levels in obese and lean Saudi women with PCOS and to investigate their relationship to the metabolic profiles in these women.
Obesity is due to the combined effects of genes, environment, lifestyle, and the interactions of ... more Obesity is due to the combined effects of genes, environment, lifestyle, and the interactions of these factors. Leptin receptor (LEPR) gene has been intensively evaluated in the search of variants that could be related to obesity. The results of most of these studies have been con- troversial. We investigated the effects of leptin receptor gene 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) polymorphism on phenotype, metabolic para- meters and anthropometric measurements of obese Saudi females. 122 healthy women aged 19 to 36 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their body mass index BMI; lean (BMI 18 - 24), overweight (BMI 25 - 29) and obese (BMI ≥ 30). There were 13 homozygotes and 34 heterozygotes for the 3’-UTR insertion allele amongst all 122 women. The results of this study show that the allele frequency of the in- sertion allele (I) of 3’UTR was significantly higher in overweight (35.3) and obese females (32.2) compared to the frequency in lean females (15.6). The insertion allele was associated with increased BMI in obese groups. The results ob- tained from this study indicated that in the obese subjects most variable values increased in I/I homozygote but the significant high value recorded among BMI (40.9 ± 7.11 kg/m2, P = 0.042). Our findings indicated that, the obesity in Saudi females is influenced by alteration in the leptin receptor gene 3’-UTR polymorphism.
The present review article deals with the current and crucial understanding of intrahepatic chole... more The present review article deals with the current and crucial understanding of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), in terms of its incidence, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical outcomes, and the required management involving regular monitoring and treatment. This comprehensive review was conducted using a search strategy. ICP-related relevant publications were searched using Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. All the searched materials including literature review, original articles, and case reports were collected between 2015 and 2023, and conference papers were excluded from the study. It was found that genetic, inflammatory, hormonal, and ecological conditions play a significant part in the progressive cause of ICP. However, due to its multifactorial and complicated etiology, the treatment of this disease is still a difficult task. A clear understanding of ICP with its pathophysiology and etiology can give a significant effort to manage the severity of this disease with effective treatment.
https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Research-Journal-of-Pharmacy-and-Technology-0974-360X?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6ImhvbWUiLCJwYWdlIjoicHVibGlResearch Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2024
The great effectiveness of Acacia nilotica as a natural antitumor agent is well identified. Howev... more The great effectiveness of Acacia nilotica as a natural antitumor agent is well identified. However, the anticancer efficiency of fruit-part of A. nilotica against cervical and breast cancer cells, is still unknown. Hence, the present study for the first time, focuses on the dose and time related anticancer effects of A. nilotica fruit-extract, via its cytotoxic efficiency on HeLa and MCF7 cells. Furthermore, with the aim to check the anticancer tendency of A. nilotica-fruit-extract at molecular level, our study is the first-hand investigation that evaluates the expression of five crucial oncogenes (P53, PIK3CA, ERBB2, TNF and EGFR), in A. nilotica-treated HeLa and MCF7 cells, utilizing RT-qPCR. When HeLa and MCF7 cells were treated with increasing doses (3.25-100µl) of A. nilotica fruit-extract, for different time-durations (24, 48 and 72h). Dose-dependent effective cytotoxic effects of A. nilotica were noticed in treated-cancer cells. Based on time-durations, A. nilotica-induced cytotoxic effects was in highest rate on the time period of 24 h as compared to 48 and 72h. Furthermore, at this most effective time-period (24h), the low-dose (12.5µl) of A. nilotica was sufficient to show severe cytotoxic effects (27% and 26% cell-viability) on treated-cancer cells. In RT-qPCR analysis, the treatment of A. nilotica with its effective-dose (12.5µl) caused highly significant (p<0.01) decreased expressions for four (P53, PIK3CA, ERBB2 and EGFR) and three (P53, PIK3CA and ERBB2) oncogenes, in HeLa and MCF cells, respectively. This is the first-report on the low-dose effects of fruit-part of A. nilotica which can be effectively used to reduce cancer growth
The objective of this case report is to discuss a case of septicemia caused by Escherichia coli f... more The objective of this case report is to discuss a case of septicemia caused by Escherichia coli following cervical cerclage. The study described a case of a 42-year-old female patient who visited the Antenatal Clinic for a follow-up appointment during the 8th week of gestation. The patient had previously undergone successful in vitro fertilization treatment following 16 years of primary infertility. A routine ultrasound scan revealed cervical dilatation of 2-3 cm. The patient was advised to undergo cervical cerclage insertion. Two days after the surgery, she presented with pneumonia and also experienced vaginal bleeding, necessitating the removal of the cervical cerclage. Unfortunately, the patient suffered a stillbirth. Her condition deteriorated the following day, leading to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction. After receiving the treatment, the patient was discharged; 2 days after being discharged the patient's blood culture and sensitivity results indicated a significant growth of Escherichia coli and a diagnosis of toxic myocarditis. Following 2 months of intensive treatment, the patient showed significant improvement; however, there was the presence of some mild renal impairment and he was ultimately discharged home. Maternal sepsis poses a significant risk to the health and lives of pregnant women. Escherichia coli stands out as a primary causative agent after cervical cerclage.
The impressive role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is well identified for cancer therapy. Howeve... more The impressive role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is well identified for cancer therapy. However, safety concerns have been raised about the adverse effects of high-doses of chemically-synthesized-AgNPs that release many hazardous residues and in turn diminish the anticancer property of AgNPs. Hence, to overcome these side effects and to maintain the anticancer effectiveness of AgNPs at relatively low-doses, the present study utilizes a natural antitumor product Ferula asafoetida (FA) in the preparation of green synthesis of AgNPs and further focuses on its cytotoxic effects, against Lung and Cervical cancer cells. The successful green-synthesis of FA-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–Vis-spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, FTIR and IR. Based on cytotoxicity assay, the average low (6.25 μl) and high (25 μl) doses of FA-AgNPs were observed to cause severe cytotoxic effects on studied cancer cells. Furthermore, our study was also directed to check any possible antitumorigenicmodulatory- effects of low and high doses of FA-AgNPs on the expression of four oncogenes (PIK3CA, KRAS, EGFR and ERBB3). In RT-qPCR analysis, the low and high doses of FA-AgNPs caused significant(p < 0.01) downregulation effects on the expression of PIK3CA and KRAS oncogenes, in treated-cancer cells. This is the first-report on the role of FA-AgNPs that induce strong cytotoxicity with its low-doses.
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is often a complication of polycystic ovarian
syndrome (... more Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is often a complication of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most frequent disorder of the endocrine system, which affects women in their reproductive years. The etiology of OHSS is multifactorial, though the factors involved are not apparent. In an attempt to unveil the molecular basis of OHSS, we conducted transcriptome analysis of total RNA extracted from granulosa cells from PCOS patients with a history of OHSS (n = 6) and compared them to those with no history of OHSS (n = 18). We identified 59 significantly dysregulated genes (48 down-regulated, 11 up-regulated) in the PCOS with OHSS group compared to the PCOS without OHSS group (p-value < 0.01, fold change >1.5). Functional, pathway and network analyses revealed genes involved in cellular development, inflammatory and immune response, cellular growth and proliferation (including DCN, VIM, LIFR, GRN, IL33, INSR, KLF2, FOXO1, VEGF, RDX, PLCL1, PAPPA, and ZFP36), and significant alterations in the PPAR, IL6, IL10, JAK/STAT and NF-B signaling pathways. Array findings were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of Saudi PCOS cases (with or without OHSS) to date that was analyzed using a transcriptomic approach. Our data demonstrate alterations in various gene networks and pathways that may be involved in the pathophysiology of OHSS. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings.
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 2022
Objectives: Obstetrical hemorrhage contributes significantly
to maternal morbidity and mortality.... more Objectives: Obstetrical hemorrhage contributes significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality. Assessment of blood loss while undergoing cesarean sections (CS) is essential in lowering the morbidity and mortality, however this amount is commonly underestimated by the surgeon and probably the anesthetist too. Methods: This study addresses this issue by comparing three separate ways of assessing blood loss during cesarean sections. For each of 97 full-term pregnant women undergoing elective CS, blood loss was measured by the following: visual estimation by both the obstetrician and the anesthetist, weighing surgical pads pre operatively and post operatively and by calculations (multiplying the difference of pre-operative and postoperative hemoglobin values by the patient’s estimated blood volume). Results: The results of this study indicated that the lowest estimated value for blood loss came from visual estimation, while the highest value came from the mathematical
The aim of the present study, is to investigate the influence of obesity, with and without
polycy... more The aim of the present study, is to investigate the influence of obesity, with and without polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), on the levels of kisspeptin, vitamin D (Vit D), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to explore the relationship between these parameters and endocrine and metabolic variables. The study group included 126 obese Saudi females. Of these 63 were suffering from PCOS while the rest were normo-ovulatory obese women (non-PCOS obese). In the obese PCOS, VEGF was almost four times as high as in the non-PCOS obese, while kisspeptin and Vit D did not differ. A highly significant elevation was recorded in the waist/hip (WHR), cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting glucose, LH, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol (E2), and testosterone, while hip circumference, leptin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the obese PCOS subjects. BMI, HDL-C, ghrelin, insulin, and FSH levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The obese PCOS had the same level of insulin resistance as the non-PCOS group, as judged by QUICK Index. Correlation studies showed a significant negative correlation between kisspeptin and glucose and LH levels, and a positive correlation with LH/FSH ratio in obese PCOS while in the non-PCOS obese, the kisspeptin correlated positively with glucose, and there was no correlation with LH or LH/FSH. VEGF negatively correlated with FSH and positively with LH/FSH ratio in the non- PCOS obese but this was lost in the obese PCOS. PCOS had no effect on the correlation between Vit D and all studied parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed triglyceride as predictor variable for kisspeptin as a dependent variable, while, leptin is a predictor variable for VEGF as a dependent variable. ROC studies showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for VEGF (AOC=1.00), followed by LH/FSH ratio (AOC=0.979). In conclusion, our study shows that PCOS results in significant elevation of VEGF in obese females, while kisspeptin and Vit D levels are not affected. It also leads to elevation in several of the lipid and hormonal abnormalities in the obese females
Background: Variations in KISS1 may be an emerging factor in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) We ... more Background: Variations in KISS1 may be an emerging factor in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) We hypothesised links between KISS1 polymorphisms in PCOS and its associated endocrine and metabolic disturbances. Methods: The study included 104 PCOS women and 109 controls. Endocrine (kisspeptin, LH, FSH, LH-FSH ratio, oestradiol) and metabolic (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, insulin and glucose) parameters were measured. PCR and nucleotide sequencing were carried out to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KISS1. Endocrine and metabolic parameters of PCOS women were compared in the genotypes. Results: Three novel SNPs (rs1213704663C>G, rs1481572212T>G and rs775770652G>A) were detected in KISS1. Of these SNPs, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs1213704663C>G were all significantly associated p<0.001 with PCOS. The LH and oestradiol hypersecretion, and increased LH-FSH ratio of PCOS women were significantly influenced by the GG genotype of rs1213704663, but, this SNP did not influence kisspeptin levels. The other two SNPs rs1481572212T>G and rs775770652G>A exhibited no clinical significance. Conclusion: rs1213704663C>G variation in KISS1 is linked to PCOS and its associated endocrine and metabolic disturbances (LH and oestradiol hypersecretion, and increased LH/FSH).
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex multifactorial disorder, affecting mill... more Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex multifactorial disorder, affecting millions of women worldwide. The role of genetic polymorphisms of the KISS1 gene on the development of PCOS is still obscure. This study was designed to investigate the probable influence of KISS1 gene polymorphisms on PCOS and its associated variables: BMI, waist-hip ratio, kisspeptin, LH, FSH, and LH-FSH ratio. Methods: The study comprised 104 PCOS women and 109 controls, with age ranging from 19 to 36 years. BMI, waist-hip ratio, and circulating levels of kisspeptin, LH, and FSH were measured. DNA was extracted, and genotyping of the KISS1 gene was carried out by nucleotide sequencing. The PCOS-associated variables were analyzed in different genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the KISS1 gene. Results: The values of waist-hip ratio (WHR), LH, and LH-FSH ratio were significantly higher in PCOS women than controls. BMI, kisspeptin, and FSH levels exhibited no significant difference between the groups. Six novel SNPs of KISS1 gene were identified. Three: rs372790354G > A, rs12998G > A, and rs35431622A > T were investigated. Among these SNPs, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs372790354 showed significant association with PCOS (GA: p = 0.018, AA: p = 0.022, mutant allele-A: p = 0.021) and the G allele was protective. The values of LH, kisspeptin, and WHR of PCOS women were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by the AA genotype of rs372790354. The other two SNPs rs12998G > A and rs35431622A > T revealed no significant influence on PCOS and associated variables. Haplotypes were constructed, but there was no significant difference between the patients and controls. Conclusion: In conclusion, this is the first study, which reports a significant influence of KISS1 gene polymorphism (rs372790354G > A) on PCOS and its associated variables. However, more extensive research is necessary to confirm these findings.
solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter-and intra-molecular H-bonds. The resul... more solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter-and intra-molecular H-bonds. The results suggest that the structural changes brought about by the mutation, influence the signaling pathways by some unknown mechanism, which may be contributing to the abnormalities seen in the individuals carrying the G allele of rs1137101.
solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter-and intra-molecular H-bonds. The resul... more solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) and number of inter-and intra-molecular H-bonds. The results suggest that the structural changes brought about by the mutation, influence the signaling pathways by some unknown mechanism, which may be contributing to the abnormalities seen in the individuals carrying the G allele of rs1137101.
Heterotopic pregnancy is the presence of intrauterine pregnancy (living or deadsingle or multiple... more Heterotopic pregnancy is the presence of intrauterine pregnancy (living or deadsingle or multiple) and extra-uterine pregnancy which located in the fallopian tubes, ovary, uterine corner, cervix or peritoneal cavity. This condition is very rare (1:30 000 pregnancies). With the development and accessibility of assisted reproductive techniques, the incidence of heterotopic pregnancies increased to 1:100 of pregnancies. The aim of this report is to present a case of early recognized double ectopic pregnancy tubal and cervical pregnancy. The case is a 30 years old Saudi lady 6 weeks gestation in her 3rd pregnancy the first was twin pregnancy delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery and the 2nd is term singleton pregnancy delivered also by spontaneous vaginal delivery. The patient admitted because of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain lasting for 48 hours diagnosed as ruptured left tubal pregnancy and underwent emergency laparotomy in which left salpingectomy was done and the other tube and both ovaries were normal. Patient discharge in a good condition 3 days after the surgery. Patient seen in her follow up visit 4 days after discharge serum βhCG was still high ultrasound reviled a viable pregnancy in the posterior lower part of the uterus at the junction with cervix. Laparoscopic successfully guided feticide is donefollowed by IM injection of Methotrexate. Patient had a spontaneous pregnancy which was uncomplicated till she had a spontaneous delivery without complications 1 year later.
Background: Kisspeptin is involved in female reproduction. This study was designed to i-estimate ... more Background: Kisspeptin is involved in female reproduction. This study was designed to i-estimate kisspeptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in comparison with controls, ii-study the correlations between kisspeptin and PCOS-related reproductive hormones, and iii-investigate the relation between KISS1 gene polymorphisms and hormone levels in women suffering from PCOS. Methods: The investigation was a clinically designed study on 28 women with PCOS, and 30 normal, healthy women with no signs of PCOS as controls. Blood samples were collected between day 3 and day 6 of the menstrual cycle in both groups at 8:00 a.m., and circulating levels of LH, FSH and kisspeptin were estimated. DNA was extracted from whole blood and all coding exons of KISS1 gene were sequenced. Results: Women with PCOS had higher LH levels and BMI compared to controls. Plasma kisspeptin levels were positively correlated with LH levels. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of kisspeptin and FSH levels. The SNP rs4889 C/G, a non-synonymous SNP, was investigated in the PCOS group. The frequency of GG genotype was significantly higher in the PCOS compared to the controls. These patients were more obese, had higher kisspeptin and FSH levels. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the genetic variation of KISS1 gene may be a factor contributing to PCOS development. The association between the gene and the gene variation and PCOS need further validation in large-scaled and functional studies.
Objectives: Alternations in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ERα) play an essential role in oste... more Objectives: Alternations in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ERα) play an essential role in osteoporosis etiology. In this study, the relationship between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ERα (G2014A) and osteoporosis in Saudi women were investigated. Methods: In this research 40 females with osteoporosis and 41 healthy controls ranging in age from 35 to 75 years were examined. Demographic data were recorded, and blood samples were drawn in plain and in EDTA tubes for estimation of estrogens in the serum and extraction of DNA, respectively. The DNA was used to amplify the fragment of interest carrying the SNP in ERα by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was subjected to DNA sequencing. Results: G2014A was polymorphic in Saudi women. Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared in the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups. Although the genotypes of osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic subjects were significantly different (p=0.0157), the allelic frequency was not significantly different (p=0.519). Estrogen levels significantly differed between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic subjects (mean ± SD E2: 46.6 ± 30.7 vs. 68.7 ± 47.1 pg/mL, p=0.0143). Importantly, a significant difference in waist-hip ratio in osteoporotic patient and the nonosteoporotic group was detected (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.0, p=0.0174). Conclusion: Although there was no relationship between G2014A and osteoporosis in Saudi women, this study sheds light on another aspect, such as the significant difference in estrogen levels in these two groups. Furthermore, an advantageous effect of fat on bone mass was observed in the non-osteoporotic group.
Background: This study was designed to evaluate the associations
between vitamin D receptor (VDR)... more Background: This study was designed to evaluate the associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and biochemical characteristics of Saudi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Serum levels of LH, FSH, and Vitamin D were measured in 33 women: 16 patients and 17 normal controls (18 to 36 years). DNA was extracted and used for sequencing of the exons of VDR gene using ABI PRISM 3730xi Genetic Analyzer. Results: Weight, BMI, Vit D, LH and FSH levels were higher in the PCOS patients compared to control group, where Vit D level correlated positively and significantly with FSH, in the control, but showed a negative and non-significant correlation in the PCOS patients. Sequencing results showed extensive polymorphisms in both groups, but the differences in the frequencies were not significant. Demographic and hormonal parameters were compared in the different genotypes of the SNPs. Significant differences were ob served in the values of the studied parameters in rs11168276
Background: In some populations, obesity and body weight related disorders show a correlation wit... more Background: In some populations, obesity and body weight related disorders show a correlation with polymorphisms in three subtypes of beta-adrenoceptor (β1, β2, and β3) [ADRB1, ADRB2 and ADRB3] genes. We scanned for the polymorphism of Arg389Gly (rs1801253) in ADRB1 and Trp64Arg (rs4994) in ADRB3 genes in Saudi population to determine association, if any, of these polymorphisms with obesity and related disorders. Methods: We studied 329 non-related adults (33.1% men and 66.9% women), aged 18-36 years. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and Body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio were calculated; leptin, insulin, lipidogram, and glucose concentrations were determined. ADRB1 and ADRB3 polymorphisms (Arg389Gly and Trp64Arg, respectively) were screened by DNA sequencing. The subjects were divided into three groups according to BMI: normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m 2), overweight (BMI ≥25.1-29.9 kg/m 2) subjects, and obese (≥30 kg/m 2). Results: In the age-matched groups of the normal weight, overweight and obese male and female subjects, all anthropometric parameters were found to be significantly higher, and in the obese group, all biochemical parameters were significantly elevated compared to the normal weight controls. The allelic frequency of Gly389 ADRB1 did not differ amongst the three groups, whereas the frequency of Arg64 of ADRB3 gene was significantly higher in the overweight and obese subjects, compared with the normal weight subjects. In addition, subjects carrying Arg64 allele regardless of their BMI had a greater waist and hip circumference, W/H ratio, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, leptin, insulin, and glucose level compared to those with the wild-type Trp allele. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown a significant association between the Trp64Arg polymorphism in ADRB3 gene and the development of overweight and obesity in Saudi populations. It also has an influence on the levels of lipid, insulin, leptin, and glucose, whereas, Arg389Gly polymorphism in ADRB1 is not associated with overweight, obesity or dyslipidaemias in Saudis.
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the most frequently encounte... more Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the most frequently encountered hormonal pathologies in women during their reproductive years. Leptin and ghrelin, peptide hormones with adipostatic and orexigenic effect, respectively, seem to be involved in the metabolic changes that occur in PCOS. The aim of this study was to determine serum ghrelin and leptin levels in obese and lean Saudi women with PCOS and to investigate their relationship to the metabolic profiles in these women.
Obesity is due to the combined effects of genes, environment, lifestyle, and the interactions of ... more Obesity is due to the combined effects of genes, environment, lifestyle, and the interactions of these factors. Leptin receptor (LEPR) gene has been intensively evaluated in the search of variants that could be related to obesity. The results of most of these studies have been con- troversial. We investigated the effects of leptin receptor gene 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) polymorphism on phenotype, metabolic para- meters and anthropometric measurements of obese Saudi females. 122 healthy women aged 19 to 36 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their body mass index BMI; lean (BMI 18 - 24), overweight (BMI 25 - 29) and obese (BMI ≥ 30). There were 13 homozygotes and 34 heterozygotes for the 3’-UTR insertion allele amongst all 122 women. The results of this study show that the allele frequency of the in- sertion allele (I) of 3’UTR was significantly higher in overweight (35.3) and obese females (32.2) compared to the frequency in lean females (15.6). The insertion allele was associated with increased BMI in obese groups. The results ob- tained from this study indicated that in the obese subjects most variable values increased in I/I homozygote but the significant high value recorded among BMI (40.9 ± 7.11 kg/m2, P = 0.042). Our findings indicated that, the obesity in Saudi females is influenced by alteration in the leptin receptor gene 3’-UTR polymorphism.
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Papers by Mazin H Daghestani
been raised about the adverse effects of high-doses of chemically-synthesized-AgNPs that release many hazardous residues
and in turn diminish the anticancer property of AgNPs. Hence, to overcome these side effects and to maintain the anticancer
effectiveness of AgNPs at relatively low-doses, the present study utilizes a natural antitumor product Ferula asafoetida (FA)
in the preparation of green synthesis of AgNPs and further focuses on its cytotoxic effects, against Lung and Cervical cancer
cells. The successful green-synthesis of FA-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–Vis-spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, FTIR and IR.
Based on cytotoxicity assay, the average low (6.25 μl) and high (25 μl) doses of FA-AgNPs were observed to cause severe
cytotoxic effects on studied cancer cells. Furthermore, our study was also directed to check any possible antitumorigenicmodulatory-
effects of low and high doses of FA-AgNPs on the expression of four oncogenes (PIK3CA, KRAS, EGFR and
ERBB3). In RT-qPCR analysis, the low and high doses of FA-AgNPs caused significant(p < 0.01) downregulation effects
on the expression of PIK3CA and KRAS oncogenes, in treated-cancer cells. This is the first-report on the role of FA-AgNPs
that induce strong cytotoxicity with its low-doses.
syndrome (PCOS), the most frequent disorder of the endocrine system, which affects women in
their reproductive years. The etiology of OHSS is multifactorial, though the factors involved are
not apparent. In an attempt to unveil the molecular basis of OHSS, we conducted transcriptome
analysis of total RNA extracted from granulosa cells from PCOS patients with a history of OHSS
(n = 6) and compared them to those with no history of OHSS (n = 18). We identified 59 significantly
dysregulated genes (48 down-regulated, 11 up-regulated) in the PCOS with OHSS group compared to
the PCOS without OHSS group (p-value < 0.01, fold change >1.5). Functional, pathway and network
analyses revealed genes involved in cellular development, inflammatory and immune response,
cellular growth and proliferation (including DCN, VIM, LIFR, GRN, IL33, INSR, KLF2, FOXO1, VEGF,
RDX, PLCL1, PAPPA, and ZFP36), and significant alterations in the PPAR, IL6, IL10, JAK/STAT and
NF-B signaling pathways. Array findings were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. To the best of
our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of Saudi PCOS cases (with or without OHSS) to date that
was analyzed using a transcriptomic approach. Our data demonstrate alterations in various gene
networks and pathways that may be involved in the pathophysiology of OHSS. Further studies are
warranted to confirm the findings.
to maternal morbidity and mortality. Assessment
of blood loss while undergoing cesarean sections (CS) is
essential in lowering the morbidity and mortality, however
this amount is commonly underestimated by the
surgeon and probably the anesthetist too.
Methods: This study addresses this issue by comparing
three separate ways of assessing blood loss during cesarean
sections. For each of 97 full-term pregnant women
undergoing elective CS, blood loss was measured by the
following: visual estimation by both the obstetrician and
the anesthetist, weighing surgical pads pre operatively
and post operatively and by calculations (multiplying the
difference of pre-operative and postoperative hemoglobin
values by the patient’s estimated blood volume).
Results: The results of this study indicated that the lowest
estimated value for blood loss came from visual estimation,
while the highest value came from the mathematical
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), on the levels of kisspeptin, vitamin D (Vit D), and
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to explore the relationship between these
parameters and endocrine and metabolic variables. The study group included 126 obese
Saudi females. Of these 63 were suffering from PCOS while the rest were normo-ovulatory
obese women (non-PCOS obese). In the obese PCOS, VEGF was almost four times as
high as in the non-PCOS obese, while kisspeptin and Vit D did not differ. A highly
significant elevation was recorded in the waist/hip (WHR), cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting
glucose, LH, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol (E2), and testosterone, while hip circumference,
leptin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the obese
PCOS subjects. BMI, HDL-C, ghrelin, insulin, and FSH levels did not differ significantly
between the two groups. The obese PCOS had the same level of insulin resistance as the
non-PCOS group, as judged by QUICK Index. Correlation studies showed a significant
negative correlation between kisspeptin and glucose and LH levels, and a positive
correlation with LH/FSH ratio in obese PCOS while in the non-PCOS obese, the
kisspeptin correlated positively with glucose, and there was no correlation with LH or
LH/FSH. VEGF negatively correlated with FSH and positively with LH/FSH ratio in the non-
PCOS obese but this was lost in the obese PCOS. PCOS had no effect on the correlation
between Vit D and all studied parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed triglyceride
as predictor variable for kisspeptin as a dependent variable, while, leptin is a predictor
variable for VEGF as a dependent variable. ROC studies showed the highest sensitivity
and specificity for VEGF (AOC=1.00), followed by LH/FSH ratio (AOC=0.979). In
conclusion, our study shows that PCOS results in significant elevation of VEGF in
obese females, while kisspeptin and Vit D levels are not affected. It also leads to
elevation in several of the lipid and hormonal abnormalities in the obese females
worldwide. The role of genetic polymorphisms of the KISS1 gene on the development of PCOS is still obscure. This
study was designed to investigate the probable influence of KISS1 gene polymorphisms on PCOS and its associated
variables: BMI, waist-hip ratio, kisspeptin, LH, FSH, and LH-FSH ratio.
Methods: The study comprised 104 PCOS women and 109 controls, with age ranging from 19 to 36 years. BMI,
waist-hip ratio, and circulating levels of kisspeptin, LH, and FSH were measured. DNA was extracted, and
genotyping of the KISS1 gene was carried out by nucleotide sequencing. The PCOS-associated variables were
analyzed in different genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the KISS1 gene.
Results: The values of waist-hip ratio (WHR), LH, and LH-FSH ratio were significantly higher in PCOS women than
controls. BMI, kisspeptin, and FSH levels exhibited no significant difference between the groups. Six novel SNPs of
KISS1 gene were identified. Three: rs372790354G > A, rs12998G > A, and rs35431622A > T were investigated. Among
these SNPs, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs372790354 showed significant association with PCOS (GA: p =
0.018, AA: p = 0.022, mutant allele-A: p = 0.021) and the G allele was protective. The values of LH, kisspeptin, and
WHR of PCOS women were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by the AA genotype of rs372790354. The other two
SNPs rs12998G > A and rs35431622A > T revealed no significant influence on PCOS and associated variables.
Haplotypes were constructed, but there was no significant difference between the patients and controls.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this is the first study, which reports a significant influence of KISS1 gene polymorphism
(rs372790354G > A) on PCOS and its associated variables. However, more extensive research is necessary to confirm
these findings.
between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms
and biochemical characteristics of Saudi women
with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: Serum levels of LH, FSH, and Vitamin D were
measured in 33 women: 16 patients and 17 normal controls
(18 to 36 years). DNA was extracted and used for
sequencing of the exons of VDR gene using ABI PRISM
3730xi Genetic Analyzer.
Results: Weight, BMI, Vit D, LH and FSH levels were higher
in the PCOS patients compared to control group, where Vit
D level correlated positively and significantly with FSH, in
the control, but showed a negative and non-significant correlation
in the PCOS patients. Sequencing results showed
extensive polymorphisms in both groups, but the differences
in the frequencies were not significant. Demographic
and hormonal parameters were compared in the different
genotypes of the SNPs. Significant differences were ob served
in the values of the studied parameters in rs11168276
been raised about the adverse effects of high-doses of chemically-synthesized-AgNPs that release many hazardous residues
and in turn diminish the anticancer property of AgNPs. Hence, to overcome these side effects and to maintain the anticancer
effectiveness of AgNPs at relatively low-doses, the present study utilizes a natural antitumor product Ferula asafoetida (FA)
in the preparation of green synthesis of AgNPs and further focuses on its cytotoxic effects, against Lung and Cervical cancer
cells. The successful green-synthesis of FA-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–Vis-spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, FTIR and IR.
Based on cytotoxicity assay, the average low (6.25 μl) and high (25 μl) doses of FA-AgNPs were observed to cause severe
cytotoxic effects on studied cancer cells. Furthermore, our study was also directed to check any possible antitumorigenicmodulatory-
effects of low and high doses of FA-AgNPs on the expression of four oncogenes (PIK3CA, KRAS, EGFR and
ERBB3). In RT-qPCR analysis, the low and high doses of FA-AgNPs caused significant(p < 0.01) downregulation effects
on the expression of PIK3CA and KRAS oncogenes, in treated-cancer cells. This is the first-report on the role of FA-AgNPs
that induce strong cytotoxicity with its low-doses.
syndrome (PCOS), the most frequent disorder of the endocrine system, which affects women in
their reproductive years. The etiology of OHSS is multifactorial, though the factors involved are
not apparent. In an attempt to unveil the molecular basis of OHSS, we conducted transcriptome
analysis of total RNA extracted from granulosa cells from PCOS patients with a history of OHSS
(n = 6) and compared them to those with no history of OHSS (n = 18). We identified 59 significantly
dysregulated genes (48 down-regulated, 11 up-regulated) in the PCOS with OHSS group compared to
the PCOS without OHSS group (p-value < 0.01, fold change >1.5). Functional, pathway and network
analyses revealed genes involved in cellular development, inflammatory and immune response,
cellular growth and proliferation (including DCN, VIM, LIFR, GRN, IL33, INSR, KLF2, FOXO1, VEGF,
RDX, PLCL1, PAPPA, and ZFP36), and significant alterations in the PPAR, IL6, IL10, JAK/STAT and
NF-B signaling pathways. Array findings were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. To the best of
our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of Saudi PCOS cases (with or without OHSS) to date that
was analyzed using a transcriptomic approach. Our data demonstrate alterations in various gene
networks and pathways that may be involved in the pathophysiology of OHSS. Further studies are
warranted to confirm the findings.
to maternal morbidity and mortality. Assessment
of blood loss while undergoing cesarean sections (CS) is
essential in lowering the morbidity and mortality, however
this amount is commonly underestimated by the
surgeon and probably the anesthetist too.
Methods: This study addresses this issue by comparing
three separate ways of assessing blood loss during cesarean
sections. For each of 97 full-term pregnant women
undergoing elective CS, blood loss was measured by the
following: visual estimation by both the obstetrician and
the anesthetist, weighing surgical pads pre operatively
and post operatively and by calculations (multiplying the
difference of pre-operative and postoperative hemoglobin
values by the patient’s estimated blood volume).
Results: The results of this study indicated that the lowest
estimated value for blood loss came from visual estimation,
while the highest value came from the mathematical
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), on the levels of kisspeptin, vitamin D (Vit D), and
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to explore the relationship between these
parameters and endocrine and metabolic variables. The study group included 126 obese
Saudi females. Of these 63 were suffering from PCOS while the rest were normo-ovulatory
obese women (non-PCOS obese). In the obese PCOS, VEGF was almost four times as
high as in the non-PCOS obese, while kisspeptin and Vit D did not differ. A highly
significant elevation was recorded in the waist/hip (WHR), cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting
glucose, LH, LH/FSH ratio, estradiol (E2), and testosterone, while hip circumference,
leptin, progesterone, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the obese
PCOS subjects. BMI, HDL-C, ghrelin, insulin, and FSH levels did not differ significantly
between the two groups. The obese PCOS had the same level of insulin resistance as the
non-PCOS group, as judged by QUICK Index. Correlation studies showed a significant
negative correlation between kisspeptin and glucose and LH levels, and a positive
correlation with LH/FSH ratio in obese PCOS while in the non-PCOS obese, the
kisspeptin correlated positively with glucose, and there was no correlation with LH or
LH/FSH. VEGF negatively correlated with FSH and positively with LH/FSH ratio in the non-
PCOS obese but this was lost in the obese PCOS. PCOS had no effect on the correlation
between Vit D and all studied parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed triglyceride
as predictor variable for kisspeptin as a dependent variable, while, leptin is a predictor
variable for VEGF as a dependent variable. ROC studies showed the highest sensitivity
and specificity for VEGF (AOC=1.00), followed by LH/FSH ratio (AOC=0.979). In
conclusion, our study shows that PCOS results in significant elevation of VEGF in
obese females, while kisspeptin and Vit D levels are not affected. It also leads to
elevation in several of the lipid and hormonal abnormalities in the obese females
worldwide. The role of genetic polymorphisms of the KISS1 gene on the development of PCOS is still obscure. This
study was designed to investigate the probable influence of KISS1 gene polymorphisms on PCOS and its associated
variables: BMI, waist-hip ratio, kisspeptin, LH, FSH, and LH-FSH ratio.
Methods: The study comprised 104 PCOS women and 109 controls, with age ranging from 19 to 36 years. BMI,
waist-hip ratio, and circulating levels of kisspeptin, LH, and FSH were measured. DNA was extracted, and
genotyping of the KISS1 gene was carried out by nucleotide sequencing. The PCOS-associated variables were
analyzed in different genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the KISS1 gene.
Results: The values of waist-hip ratio (WHR), LH, and LH-FSH ratio were significantly higher in PCOS women than
controls. BMI, kisspeptin, and FSH levels exhibited no significant difference between the groups. Six novel SNPs of
KISS1 gene were identified. Three: rs372790354G > A, rs12998G > A, and rs35431622A > T were investigated. Among
these SNPs, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs372790354 showed significant association with PCOS (GA: p =
0.018, AA: p = 0.022, mutant allele-A: p = 0.021) and the G allele was protective. The values of LH, kisspeptin, and
WHR of PCOS women were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by the AA genotype of rs372790354. The other two
SNPs rs12998G > A and rs35431622A > T revealed no significant influence on PCOS and associated variables.
Haplotypes were constructed, but there was no significant difference between the patients and controls.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this is the first study, which reports a significant influence of KISS1 gene polymorphism
(rs372790354G > A) on PCOS and its associated variables. However, more extensive research is necessary to confirm
these findings.
between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms
and biochemical characteristics of Saudi women
with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: Serum levels of LH, FSH, and Vitamin D were
measured in 33 women: 16 patients and 17 normal controls
(18 to 36 years). DNA was extracted and used for
sequencing of the exons of VDR gene using ABI PRISM
3730xi Genetic Analyzer.
Results: Weight, BMI, Vit D, LH and FSH levels were higher
in the PCOS patients compared to control group, where Vit
D level correlated positively and significantly with FSH, in
the control, but showed a negative and non-significant correlation
in the PCOS patients. Sequencing results showed
extensive polymorphisms in both groups, but the differences
in the frequencies were not significant. Demographic
and hormonal parameters were compared in the different
genotypes of the SNPs. Significant differences were ob served
in the values of the studied parameters in rs11168276