Examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes in... more Examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes infecting man and animals. Eggs in a descending order of abundance were Trichostrongylus, Toxocara vitolorum, T. canis and Ascaris sp., then Trichocephalus and Ancylostoma sp. Larvae in a descending order were Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus and Ancylostoma sp. No doubt contaminated or polluted water plays an important role as nematode-born source.
Background: Blastocystis is a group of cosmopolitan gastrointestinal parasite of humans and a wid... more Background: Blastocystis is a group of cosmopolitan gastrointestinal parasite of humans and a wide variety of animals. These anaerobic protozoans include more than 17 specific small-subunit ribosomal RNA subtypes, of which nine are found in humans with a variable geographical distribution. Until now, no study has described the Blastocystis subtypes present in Saudi Arabia.
El Shazly A.M., Soliman M., El Nemr H.I., Mowafy N. Abdel Gawad E. Abdel Gawad and El Bendary M.
... more El Shazly A.M., Soliman M., El Nemr H.I., Mowafy N. Abdel Gawad E. Abdel Gawad and El Bendary M. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol., 33 (2), August 2003: 631-636. Abstract Examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes infecting man and animals. Eggs in a descending order of abundance were Trichostrongylus, Toxocara vitolorum, T. canis and Ascaris sp., then Trichocephalus and Ancylostoma sp. Larvae in a descending order were Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus and Ancylostoma sp. No doubt contaminated or polluted water plays an important role as nematode-born source.
J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol., 31 (2), August 2001: 575-581
Hassan M.M., Bahgat M.A., Ali A.E., Saleh... more J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol., 31 (2), August 2001: 575-581 Hassan M.M., Bahgat M.A., Ali A.E., Saleh A., El-Shafae O.K., Abdel-Ghaffar M.M., and Mowafy N.M.E Abstract Seventy-three asymptomatic bancroftian filariasis patients with positive microfilaria in their blood films were included. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: ivermectin group (50 cases) given 2 doses each of 100 ug/kg body weight, 3 months apart, and 23 cases had 2 doses of placebo. The study was run blindly for one year. The initial mean microfilaria (MF) count was 111/ml. At 3 months after ivermectin therapy, mean MF became 7.8/ml and 24% of ivermectin treated cases had no detectable MF (P <0.05). At 6, 9 and 12 months, the mean MF count became 4.1, 6.5 and 11/ml with amicrofilaria in 54%, 42% and 40% of treated cases respectively (P <0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant change in the mean MF count in placebo group was detected. The routine laboratory investigations were unchanged or slightly improved at 3 and 6 months. Side effects after the first dose of ivermectin were mild fever in 16% and weakness in 20%. None was recorded after the second dose. Circulating filarial antigens could be detected in 66% of cases before treatment, as all cases with high microfilaremia had positive antigenemia. The mean antigen level started to decline significantly after 9 months post treatment. At the end of the study (one-year), all negative microfilaremic cases had negative antigen levels, indicating that detection of antigen in-patients sera is a very good indicator of cure and efficacy of the drug.
Nawras M.E. Mowafy and Mona Abou Z. Khalifa
Egypt J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 279-289.
Abstract
A... more Nawras M.E. Mowafy and Mona Abou Z. Khalifa Egypt J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 279-289. Abstract A cross sectional study was done in Towa village, El Minia Governorate during autumn, 1996. Clinical examination of random sample of population in 388 houses was done by health team to detect patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and /or asthmatic bronchitis. Also, house dust samples were collected from these houses. In this study, the prevalence of mites in house dust samples was 29.9%. A relation between the presence of mites and patients suffering from allergic diseases in the same houses was discussed. The most abundant mites in this study were Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus.
Khalifa R.M.A., Gabr N.S., Mowafy Nawras M.E. and Mohamed R.M.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997... more Khalifa R.M.A., Gabr N.S., Mowafy Nawras M.E. and Mohamed R.M. Egypt. J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 59-71. Abstract From 1800 patients attending the clinic of Dermatology and Venerology Department at El-Minia University Hospital, 362 (20.1%) were found infected with skin parasites. 16.7% were infected with scabietic mites, 3.3% infested with head lice and 0.1% suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis. Prevalence of infection was studied in relation to age, sex, social status and seasonal prevalence. Sites of infestations, clinical picture as well as diagnostic measures were also illustrated and described. The present data were discussed and compared with previous reports.
El- Minia Med., Bull. 1998, 9 (2): 1-12.
Abstract
Tissue cyst of protozoan genus Sarcocystis wer... more El- Minia Med., Bull. 1998, 9 (2): 1-12.
Abstract Tissue cyst of protozoan genus Sarcocystis were detected in skeletal muscles of 4 of 9 (44.4%) pigs that were reared and slaughtered in a village sough El-Minia city. Microscopic cysts bounded by apparently thin cyst wall appeared to be belonging to two cyst wall types. Type 1 was with striated wall, while type 2 was with smooth wall. Ultrastructural examination of type 1 revealed numerous palisade-like protrusions of the primary cyst wall, while the primary cyst wall of type 2 formed numerous band-like protrusions. On this basis and the failure of infectivity of the cysts to puppies and kittens, the sarcocysts were identified to belong to S. suihominis (Tadros and Laarman, 1976, Heydorn, 1977) showing different developmental stages of different ages. As man is the final host of this parasite, it might lead to human health problem, when infected pork is eaten insufficiently cooked. The present study recorded S. suihominis for the first time from upper Egypt.
Refaat M.A. Khalifa and Nawras M.E. Mowafy
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 18(1) June, 1997: 235-243.
Abstr... more Refaat M.A. Khalifa and Nawras M.E. Mowafy Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 18(1) June, 1997: 235-243.
Abstract Fifteen third stage larvae of Sarcophaga species were obtained from bloody stools of a ten years old child from the suburbs of El-Minia Governorate. Whole mounts for ordinary microscopy and scan-electron microscopy were done, from which detailed morphological features were described for the first time in Egypt. These features might be very important criteria in larval identification and species differentiation. Of particular importance are the cephalopharyngeal skeleton and the future eyes and antenna.
Nawras M.E. Mowafy and Alsayed A. Mahran
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 17(2), 1996: 577-590.
Abstract
O... more Nawras M.E. Mowafy and Alsayed A. Mahran Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 17(2), 1996: 577-590.
Abstract Out of 2400 preparatory school students in El-Minia Governorate, 1551 (64.6%) were positive for parasitic infection ( 20.3% Entamoeba coli, 14.9% Giardia lamblia, 12.9% Enterobius vermicularis, 12% Hymenolepis nana, 9.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 2.7% Ascaris lumbricoides, 2% Schistosoma haematobium, 0.3% Schistosoma mansoni, 1.5% Taenia spp., 0.4% Trichocephalus trichuris and 0.1 % Anchylostoma duodenale). Incidence of different parasites and their effect on growth of preparatory school students in rural and urban areas were compared in different sexes. Parasitic diseases generally lowered all anthropometric measurements, but this was not statistically significant.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 24 (1-2) June-December 2003: 101-111.
Abstract
The effect of combined infecti... more Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 24 (1-2) June-December 2003: 101-111. Abstract The effect of combined infection with Pnemocystic carinii and Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated in a rat model. Rats were immunosuppressed by corticosteroids for 6 weeks to induce Pnemocystic carinii infection. On week 6 the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was intraperitoneally injected in a group of immunosuppressed rats and in another group of normally health rats. The combination of these infections was evaluated in this model and compared with each single infection pathologically and serologically. The pathologic effects were marked in the lung tissues in mixed infection group than in the group infected only with either parasite, while the effects were less evident in liver and brain tissues with little difference between mixed infection group and either of single infection groups. Anti-Toxoplasma antibody titers were low in mixed infection compared to higher one in Toxoplasma group only. Details of pathological and serological results of single or combined infections in rats were discussed.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 21(1) June, 2000: 93-103.
Abstract
Two medically important leeches were full... more Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 21(1) June, 2000: 93-103.
Abstract Two medically important leeches were fully described and identified through macroscopical as well as light and scanning electron microscopical studies. The first leech, Limnatis nilotica, caused internal hirudiniasis. It was removed from the nasal cavity of an Egyptian worker who was coming back from Libya suffering from severe epistaxis. The second one, Helobdella stagnalis, was detected in infested water samples from different localities in El-Minia Governorate. On contact with water, farmers complained of skin irritation, mild bleeding or haematoma at its site of attachment. The two leeches were described and identified as human invaders for the first time in Egypt. Their possible role in transmission of some blood parasites is discussed.
Gabr N.S., Khalifa R.M.A., Ramadan Sh. M., Mowafy Nawras M.E. and Abd El-Lateef M.Z.M. (2002): So... more Gabr N.S., Khalifa R.M.A., Ramadan Sh. M., Mowafy Nawras M.E. and Abd El-Lateef M.Z.M. (2002): South Valley Medical Journal Vol. (6) No. (1): 57-81.
Detection of P. carinii in lung impression smears. Broncho-alveolar lavage and lung sections of 35 immuno-suppressed albino rats was evaluated using: 1- Six histological stains (Gram, Giemsa, PAS, Toluidine blueO, Gomori's, methenamine silver and H&E stain). 2- Electron microscope. 3- Direct immuno-fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). Intracystic bodies are best seen by Giemsa or Gram stain, while the cyst wall can be better stained with toluidine blue O or Gomori's metenamine silver stain. Electron microscopic examination showed structural details of different stages of P. carinii in alveolar lumen in the form of trophozoites, precysts and cysts that contain intracystic bodies as well as empty collapsed cysts. The sensitivity of IFAT was 100% since all the examined slides were positive. In addition this technique is specific method for rapid detection of the parasite in lung impression smears: broncho-alveolar lavage, paraffin and frozen lung sections of immune-suppressed rats and seems to be a good diagnostic tool for detection of P. carinii.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2002
Stool examination using modified Kato thick smear method was performed to detect Fasciola eggs an... more Stool examination using modified Kato thick smear method was performed to detect Fasciola eggs and other parasites. Forty-five patients were proved to have Fasciola infection by passing eggs in their stool samples. Pallor was the major presenting symptom (95.5%) followed by abdominal pain (93.3%) and fever (15.5%). Hepatomegaly was recorded in 86.6% of patients compared to 33.3% with splenomegaly. Abdominal, ultrasonography revealed hepatomegaly in 38 cases (84.4%) and common bile duct dilatation in 35 patients (77.7%). Moreover, 4 cases showed Olympic game rings which are diagnostic. All of patients had positive IgG4 levels, 40 cases were found positives for specific total IgG and 42 cases for IgG1, whereas, only 30 cases had positive IgG2 levels (66.6%). Dot-ELISA showed that IgG2 and IgG4 giving the highest specificity (>99%), followed by IgG1 (90%) and the least specific test was obtained with detection of IgG (85%). From the present work, it was concluded that detection of a...
El-Minia Med. Bull, [2003, 14 (2): 74-87]
ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle samples were obtained from 1... more El-Minia Med. Bull, [2003, 14 (2): 74-87] ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle samples were obtained from 12 cattle and all the examined samples were found infected with Sarcocystis cysts. Light microscopic (LM) examination of fresh isolated cysts showed three Sarcocystis species; S. cruzi with thin walled cyst of hairy protrusions and S. hirsuta & S. hominis with" thick radially striated" cyst wall. Cyst wall protrusions of S. hirsuta had a sloping pattern, while those of S. hominis were broadly seated on the cyst surface in upright pattern. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination of cysts of S. hominis showed villar protrusions which arise with broad basis from the cyst surface, finger-like in outline and had microfilaments in the core. Leaflets of membrane-like structures were present between bradyzoites. The morphological criteria of this species and its medical importance were discussed and this is the first description of S. hominis from cattle in Upper Egypt.
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with Schistosoma spp. It affects 200 million
peo... more Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with Schistosoma spp. It affects 200 million people worldwide, especially in the developing countries. There are five known species of Schistosoma which currently infect humans in various geographical locations. Infection with Schistosoma spp. leads to two forms of the disease: acute and chronic. Chronic infection can affect various organs within the human body including the brain, lungs, gut and the reproductive organs, which leads to neuroschistosomiasis, pulmonary schistosomiasis, hepatointestinal schistosomiasis and urinary genital schistosomiasis, respectively. All Schistosoma spp. have a common denominator that they have the ability to infect, invade and evade the host’s immune mechanism. Schistosoma sp. is a very complex organism that requires two hosts, mollusk and mammalian, to survive, propagate and complete its life cycle. Hence, it has developed specific immune evasion mechanisms for each of them. Once Schistosoma sp. has infected and established itself within its mammalian host as an adult worm, it evades the immune mechanism of that host. However, the antigens released by the eggs can elicit an immune response with formation of granuloma around eggs. Granuloma formation is the main characteristic lesion in schistosomiasis, which in the liver can cause hepatomegaly in hepatointestinal schistosomiasis. This paper will summarize various immune responses against the parasite as well as varieties of strategies which developed by the Schistosoma spp. to persist within human hosts.
Examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes in... more Examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes infecting man and animals. Eggs in a descending order of abundance were Trichostrongylus, Toxocara vitolorum, T. canis and Ascaris sp., then Trichocephalus and Ancylostoma sp. Larvae in a descending order were Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus and Ancylostoma sp. No doubt contaminated or polluted water plays an important role as nematode-born source.
Background: Blastocystis is a group of cosmopolitan gastrointestinal parasite of humans and a wid... more Background: Blastocystis is a group of cosmopolitan gastrointestinal parasite of humans and a wide variety of animals. These anaerobic protozoans include more than 17 specific small-subunit ribosomal RNA subtypes, of which nine are found in humans with a variable geographical distribution. Until now, no study has described the Blastocystis subtypes present in Saudi Arabia.
El Shazly A.M., Soliman M., El Nemr H.I., Mowafy N. Abdel Gawad E. Abdel Gawad and El Bendary M.
... more El Shazly A.M., Soliman M., El Nemr H.I., Mowafy N. Abdel Gawad E. Abdel Gawad and El Bendary M. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol., 33 (2), August 2003: 631-636. Abstract Examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes infecting man and animals. Eggs in a descending order of abundance were Trichostrongylus, Toxocara vitolorum, T. canis and Ascaris sp., then Trichocephalus and Ancylostoma sp. Larvae in a descending order were Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus and Ancylostoma sp. No doubt contaminated or polluted water plays an important role as nematode-born source.
J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol., 31 (2), August 2001: 575-581
Hassan M.M., Bahgat M.A., Ali A.E., Saleh... more J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol., 31 (2), August 2001: 575-581 Hassan M.M., Bahgat M.A., Ali A.E., Saleh A., El-Shafae O.K., Abdel-Ghaffar M.M., and Mowafy N.M.E Abstract Seventy-three asymptomatic bancroftian filariasis patients with positive microfilaria in their blood films were included. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: ivermectin group (50 cases) given 2 doses each of 100 ug/kg body weight, 3 months apart, and 23 cases had 2 doses of placebo. The study was run blindly for one year. The initial mean microfilaria (MF) count was 111/ml. At 3 months after ivermectin therapy, mean MF became 7.8/ml and 24% of ivermectin treated cases had no detectable MF (P <0.05). At 6, 9 and 12 months, the mean MF count became 4.1, 6.5 and 11/ml with amicrofilaria in 54%, 42% and 40% of treated cases respectively (P <0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant change in the mean MF count in placebo group was detected. The routine laboratory investigations were unchanged or slightly improved at 3 and 6 months. Side effects after the first dose of ivermectin were mild fever in 16% and weakness in 20%. None was recorded after the second dose. Circulating filarial antigens could be detected in 66% of cases before treatment, as all cases with high microfilaremia had positive antigenemia. The mean antigen level started to decline significantly after 9 months post treatment. At the end of the study (one-year), all negative microfilaremic cases had negative antigen levels, indicating that detection of antigen in-patients sera is a very good indicator of cure and efficacy of the drug.
Nawras M.E. Mowafy and Mona Abou Z. Khalifa
Egypt J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 279-289.
Abstract
A... more Nawras M.E. Mowafy and Mona Abou Z. Khalifa Egypt J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 279-289. Abstract A cross sectional study was done in Towa village, El Minia Governorate during autumn, 1996. Clinical examination of random sample of population in 388 houses was done by health team to detect patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and /or asthmatic bronchitis. Also, house dust samples were collected from these houses. In this study, the prevalence of mites in house dust samples was 29.9%. A relation between the presence of mites and patients suffering from allergic diseases in the same houses was discussed. The most abundant mites in this study were Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus.
Khalifa R.M.A., Gabr N.S., Mowafy Nawras M.E. and Mohamed R.M.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997... more Khalifa R.M.A., Gabr N.S., Mowafy Nawras M.E. and Mohamed R.M. Egypt. J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 59-71. Abstract From 1800 patients attending the clinic of Dermatology and Venerology Department at El-Minia University Hospital, 362 (20.1%) were found infected with skin parasites. 16.7% were infected with scabietic mites, 3.3% infested with head lice and 0.1% suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis. Prevalence of infection was studied in relation to age, sex, social status and seasonal prevalence. Sites of infestations, clinical picture as well as diagnostic measures were also illustrated and described. The present data were discussed and compared with previous reports.
El- Minia Med., Bull. 1998, 9 (2): 1-12.
Abstract
Tissue cyst of protozoan genus Sarcocystis wer... more El- Minia Med., Bull. 1998, 9 (2): 1-12.
Abstract Tissue cyst of protozoan genus Sarcocystis were detected in skeletal muscles of 4 of 9 (44.4%) pigs that were reared and slaughtered in a village sough El-Minia city. Microscopic cysts bounded by apparently thin cyst wall appeared to be belonging to two cyst wall types. Type 1 was with striated wall, while type 2 was with smooth wall. Ultrastructural examination of type 1 revealed numerous palisade-like protrusions of the primary cyst wall, while the primary cyst wall of type 2 formed numerous band-like protrusions. On this basis and the failure of infectivity of the cysts to puppies and kittens, the sarcocysts were identified to belong to S. suihominis (Tadros and Laarman, 1976, Heydorn, 1977) showing different developmental stages of different ages. As man is the final host of this parasite, it might lead to human health problem, when infected pork is eaten insufficiently cooked. The present study recorded S. suihominis for the first time from upper Egypt.
Refaat M.A. Khalifa and Nawras M.E. Mowafy
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 18(1) June, 1997: 235-243.
Abstr... more Refaat M.A. Khalifa and Nawras M.E. Mowafy Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 18(1) June, 1997: 235-243.
Abstract Fifteen third stage larvae of Sarcophaga species were obtained from bloody stools of a ten years old child from the suburbs of El-Minia Governorate. Whole mounts for ordinary microscopy and scan-electron microscopy were done, from which detailed morphological features were described for the first time in Egypt. These features might be very important criteria in larval identification and species differentiation. Of particular importance are the cephalopharyngeal skeleton and the future eyes and antenna.
Nawras M.E. Mowafy and Alsayed A. Mahran
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 17(2), 1996: 577-590.
Abstract
O... more Nawras M.E. Mowafy and Alsayed A. Mahran Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 17(2), 1996: 577-590.
Abstract Out of 2400 preparatory school students in El-Minia Governorate, 1551 (64.6%) were positive for parasitic infection ( 20.3% Entamoeba coli, 14.9% Giardia lamblia, 12.9% Enterobius vermicularis, 12% Hymenolepis nana, 9.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 2.7% Ascaris lumbricoides, 2% Schistosoma haematobium, 0.3% Schistosoma mansoni, 1.5% Taenia spp., 0.4% Trichocephalus trichuris and 0.1 % Anchylostoma duodenale). Incidence of different parasites and their effect on growth of preparatory school students in rural and urban areas were compared in different sexes. Parasitic diseases generally lowered all anthropometric measurements, but this was not statistically significant.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 24 (1-2) June-December 2003: 101-111.
Abstract
The effect of combined infecti... more Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 24 (1-2) June-December 2003: 101-111. Abstract The effect of combined infection with Pnemocystic carinii and Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated in a rat model. Rats were immunosuppressed by corticosteroids for 6 weeks to induce Pnemocystic carinii infection. On week 6 the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was intraperitoneally injected in a group of immunosuppressed rats and in another group of normally health rats. The combination of these infections was evaluated in this model and compared with each single infection pathologically and serologically. The pathologic effects were marked in the lung tissues in mixed infection group than in the group infected only with either parasite, while the effects were less evident in liver and brain tissues with little difference between mixed infection group and either of single infection groups. Anti-Toxoplasma antibody titers were low in mixed infection compared to higher one in Toxoplasma group only. Details of pathological and serological results of single or combined infections in rats were discussed.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 21(1) June, 2000: 93-103.
Abstract
Two medically important leeches were full... more Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 21(1) June, 2000: 93-103.
Abstract Two medically important leeches were fully described and identified through macroscopical as well as light and scanning electron microscopical studies. The first leech, Limnatis nilotica, caused internal hirudiniasis. It was removed from the nasal cavity of an Egyptian worker who was coming back from Libya suffering from severe epistaxis. The second one, Helobdella stagnalis, was detected in infested water samples from different localities in El-Minia Governorate. On contact with water, farmers complained of skin irritation, mild bleeding or haematoma at its site of attachment. The two leeches were described and identified as human invaders for the first time in Egypt. Their possible role in transmission of some blood parasites is discussed.
Gabr N.S., Khalifa R.M.A., Ramadan Sh. M., Mowafy Nawras M.E. and Abd El-Lateef M.Z.M. (2002): So... more Gabr N.S., Khalifa R.M.A., Ramadan Sh. M., Mowafy Nawras M.E. and Abd El-Lateef M.Z.M. (2002): South Valley Medical Journal Vol. (6) No. (1): 57-81.
Detection of P. carinii in lung impression smears. Broncho-alveolar lavage and lung sections of 35 immuno-suppressed albino rats was evaluated using: 1- Six histological stains (Gram, Giemsa, PAS, Toluidine blueO, Gomori's, methenamine silver and H&E stain). 2- Electron microscope. 3- Direct immuno-fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). Intracystic bodies are best seen by Giemsa or Gram stain, while the cyst wall can be better stained with toluidine blue O or Gomori's metenamine silver stain. Electron microscopic examination showed structural details of different stages of P. carinii in alveolar lumen in the form of trophozoites, precysts and cysts that contain intracystic bodies as well as empty collapsed cysts. The sensitivity of IFAT was 100% since all the examined slides were positive. In addition this technique is specific method for rapid detection of the parasite in lung impression smears: broncho-alveolar lavage, paraffin and frozen lung sections of immune-suppressed rats and seems to be a good diagnostic tool for detection of P. carinii.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2002
Stool examination using modified Kato thick smear method was performed to detect Fasciola eggs an... more Stool examination using modified Kato thick smear method was performed to detect Fasciola eggs and other parasites. Forty-five patients were proved to have Fasciola infection by passing eggs in their stool samples. Pallor was the major presenting symptom (95.5%) followed by abdominal pain (93.3%) and fever (15.5%). Hepatomegaly was recorded in 86.6% of patients compared to 33.3% with splenomegaly. Abdominal, ultrasonography revealed hepatomegaly in 38 cases (84.4%) and common bile duct dilatation in 35 patients (77.7%). Moreover, 4 cases showed Olympic game rings which are diagnostic. All of patients had positive IgG4 levels, 40 cases were found positives for specific total IgG and 42 cases for IgG1, whereas, only 30 cases had positive IgG2 levels (66.6%). Dot-ELISA showed that IgG2 and IgG4 giving the highest specificity (>99%), followed by IgG1 (90%) and the least specific test was obtained with detection of IgG (85%). From the present work, it was concluded that detection of a...
El-Minia Med. Bull, [2003, 14 (2): 74-87]
ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle samples were obtained from 1... more El-Minia Med. Bull, [2003, 14 (2): 74-87] ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle samples were obtained from 12 cattle and all the examined samples were found infected with Sarcocystis cysts. Light microscopic (LM) examination of fresh isolated cysts showed three Sarcocystis species; S. cruzi with thin walled cyst of hairy protrusions and S. hirsuta & S. hominis with" thick radially striated" cyst wall. Cyst wall protrusions of S. hirsuta had a sloping pattern, while those of S. hominis were broadly seated on the cyst surface in upright pattern. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination of cysts of S. hominis showed villar protrusions which arise with broad basis from the cyst surface, finger-like in outline and had microfilaments in the core. Leaflets of membrane-like structures were present between bradyzoites. The morphological criteria of this species and its medical importance were discussed and this is the first description of S. hominis from cattle in Upper Egypt.
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with Schistosoma spp. It affects 200 million
peo... more Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by infection with Schistosoma spp. It affects 200 million people worldwide, especially in the developing countries. There are five known species of Schistosoma which currently infect humans in various geographical locations. Infection with Schistosoma spp. leads to two forms of the disease: acute and chronic. Chronic infection can affect various organs within the human body including the brain, lungs, gut and the reproductive organs, which leads to neuroschistosomiasis, pulmonary schistosomiasis, hepatointestinal schistosomiasis and urinary genital schistosomiasis, respectively. All Schistosoma spp. have a common denominator that they have the ability to infect, invade and evade the host’s immune mechanism. Schistosoma sp. is a very complex organism that requires two hosts, mollusk and mammalian, to survive, propagate and complete its life cycle. Hence, it has developed specific immune evasion mechanisms for each of them. Once Schistosoma sp. has infected and established itself within its mammalian host as an adult worm, it evades the immune mechanism of that host. However, the antigens released by the eggs can elicit an immune response with formation of granuloma around eggs. Granuloma formation is the main characteristic lesion in schistosomiasis, which in the liver can cause hepatomegaly in hepatointestinal schistosomiasis. This paper will summarize various immune responses against the parasite as well as varieties of strategies which developed by the Schistosoma spp. to persist within human hosts.
Uploads
J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol., 33 (2), August 2003: 631-636.
Abstract
Examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes infecting man and animals. Eggs in a descending order of abundance were Trichostrongylus, Toxocara vitolorum, T. canis and Ascaris sp., then Trichocephalus and Ancylostoma sp. Larvae in a descending order were Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus and Ancylostoma sp. No doubt contaminated or polluted water plays an important role as nematode-born source.
Hassan M.M., Bahgat M.A., Ali A.E., Saleh A., El-Shafae O.K., Abdel-Ghaffar M.M., and Mowafy N.M.E
Abstract
Seventy-three asymptomatic bancroftian filariasis patients with positive microfilaria in their blood films were included. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: ivermectin group (50 cases) given 2 doses each of 100 ug/kg body weight, 3 months apart, and 23 cases had 2 doses of placebo. The study was run blindly for one year. The initial mean microfilaria (MF) count was 111/ml. At 3 months after ivermectin therapy, mean MF became 7.8/ml and 24% of ivermectin treated cases had no detectable MF (P <0.05). At 6, 9 and 12 months, the mean MF count became 4.1, 6.5 and 11/ml with amicrofilaria in 54%, 42% and 40% of treated cases respectively (P <0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant change in the mean MF count in placebo group was detected. The routine laboratory investigations were unchanged or slightly improved at 3 and 6 months. Side effects after the first dose of ivermectin were mild fever in 16% and weakness in 20%. None was recorded after the second dose. Circulating filarial antigens could be detected in 66% of cases before treatment, as all cases with high microfilaremia had positive antigenemia. The mean antigen level started to decline significantly after 9 months post treatment. At the end of the study (one-year), all negative microfilaremic cases had negative antigen levels, indicating that detection of antigen in-patients sera is a very good indicator of cure and efficacy of the drug.
Egypt J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 279-289.
Abstract
A cross sectional study was done in Towa village, El Minia Governorate during autumn, 1996. Clinical examination of random sample of population in 388 houses was done by health team to detect patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and /or asthmatic bronchitis. Also, house dust samples were collected from these houses.
In this study, the prevalence of mites in house dust samples was 29.9%. A relation between the presence of mites and patients suffering from allergic diseases in the same houses was discussed. The most abundant mites in this study were Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 59-71.
Abstract
From 1800 patients attending the clinic of Dermatology and Venerology Department at El-Minia University Hospital, 362 (20.1%) were found infected with skin parasites. 16.7% were infected with scabietic mites, 3.3% infested with head lice and 0.1% suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis. Prevalence of infection was studied in relation to age, sex, social status and seasonal prevalence. Sites of infestations, clinical picture as well as diagnostic measures were also illustrated and described. The present data were discussed and compared with previous reports.
Abstract
Tissue cyst of protozoan genus Sarcocystis were detected in skeletal muscles of 4 of 9 (44.4%) pigs that were reared and slaughtered in a village sough El-Minia city. Microscopic cysts bounded by apparently thin cyst wall appeared to be belonging to two cyst wall types. Type 1 was with striated wall, while type 2 was with smooth wall. Ultrastructural examination of type 1 revealed numerous palisade-like protrusions of the primary cyst wall, while the primary cyst wall of type 2 formed numerous band-like protrusions. On this basis and the failure of infectivity of the cysts to puppies and kittens, the sarcocysts were identified to belong to S. suihominis (Tadros and Laarman, 1976, Heydorn, 1977) showing different developmental stages of different ages.
As man is the final host of this parasite, it might lead to human health problem, when infected pork is eaten insufficiently cooked. The present study recorded S. suihominis for the first time from upper Egypt.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 18(1) June, 1997: 235-243.
Abstract
Fifteen third stage larvae of Sarcophaga species were obtained from bloody stools of a ten years old child from the suburbs of El-Minia Governorate.
Whole mounts for ordinary microscopy and scan-electron microscopy were done, from which detailed morphological features were described for the first time in Egypt. These features might be very important criteria in larval identification and species differentiation. Of particular importance are the cephalopharyngeal skeleton and the future eyes and antenna.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 17(2), 1996: 577-590.
Abstract
Out of 2400 preparatory school students in El-Minia Governorate, 1551 (64.6%) were positive for parasitic infection ( 20.3% Entamoeba coli, 14.9% Giardia lamblia, 12.9% Enterobius vermicularis, 12% Hymenolepis nana, 9.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 2.7% Ascaris lumbricoides, 2% Schistosoma haematobium, 0.3% Schistosoma mansoni, 1.5% Taenia spp., 0.4% Trichocephalus trichuris and 0.1 % Anchylostoma duodenale).
Incidence of different parasites and their effect on growth of preparatory school students in rural and urban areas were compared in different sexes.
Parasitic diseases generally lowered all anthropometric measurements, but this was not statistically significant.
Abstract
The effect of combined infection with Pnemocystic carinii and Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated in a rat model. Rats were immunosuppressed by corticosteroids for 6 weeks to induce Pnemocystic carinii infection. On week 6 the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was intraperitoneally injected in a group of immunosuppressed rats and in another group of normally health rats. The combination of these infections was evaluated in this model and compared with each single infection pathologically and serologically.
The pathologic effects were marked in the lung tissues in mixed infection group than in the group infected only with either parasite, while the effects were less evident in liver and brain tissues with little difference between mixed infection group and either of single infection groups.
Anti-Toxoplasma antibody titers were low in mixed infection compared to higher one in Toxoplasma group only. Details of pathological and serological results of single or combined infections in rats were discussed.
Abstract
Two medically important leeches were fully described and identified through macroscopical as well as light and scanning electron microscopical studies. The first leech, Limnatis nilotica, caused internal hirudiniasis. It was removed from the nasal cavity of an Egyptian worker who was coming back from Libya suffering from severe epistaxis. The second one, Helobdella stagnalis, was detected in infested water samples from different localities in El-Minia Governorate. On contact with water, farmers complained of skin irritation, mild bleeding or haematoma at its site of attachment. The two leeches were described and identified as human invaders for the first time in Egypt. Their possible role in transmission of some blood parasites is discussed.
Detection of P. carinii in lung impression smears. Broncho-alveolar lavage and lung sections of 35 immuno-suppressed albino rats was evaluated using:
1- Six histological stains (Gram, Giemsa, PAS, Toluidine blueO, Gomori's, methenamine silver and H&E stain).
2- Electron microscope.
3- Direct immuno-fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT).
Intracystic bodies are best seen by Giemsa or Gram stain, while the cyst wall can be better stained with toluidine blue O or Gomori's metenamine silver stain.
Electron microscopic examination showed structural details of different stages of P. carinii in alveolar lumen in the form of trophozoites, precysts and cysts that contain intracystic bodies as well as empty collapsed cysts.
The sensitivity of IFAT was 100% since all the examined slides were positive. In addition this technique is specific method for rapid detection of the parasite in lung impression smears: broncho-alveolar lavage, paraffin and frozen lung sections of immune-suppressed rats and seems to be a good diagnostic tool for detection of P. carinii.
ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle samples were obtained from 12 cattle and all the examined samples were found infected with Sarcocystis cysts. Light microscopic (LM) examination of fresh isolated cysts showed three Sarcocystis species; S. cruzi with thin walled cyst of hairy protrusions and S. hirsuta & S. hominis with" thick radially striated" cyst wall. Cyst wall protrusions of S. hirsuta had a sloping pattern, while those of S. hominis were broadly seated on the cyst surface in upright pattern. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination of cysts of S. hominis showed villar protrusions which arise with broad basis from the cyst surface, finger-like in outline and had microfilaments in the core. Leaflets of membrane-like structures were present between bradyzoites. The morphological criteria of this species and its medical importance were discussed and this is the first description of S. hominis from cattle in Upper Egypt.
people worldwide, especially in the developing countries. There are five known species of
Schistosoma which currently infect humans in various geographical locations. Infection with
Schistosoma spp. leads to two forms of the disease: acute and chronic. Chronic infection
can affect various organs within the human body including the brain, lungs, gut and the
reproductive organs, which leads to neuroschistosomiasis, pulmonary schistosomiasis, hepatointestinal
schistosomiasis and urinary genital schistosomiasis, respectively. All Schistosoma
spp. have a common denominator that they have the ability to infect, invade and evade the
host’s immune mechanism. Schistosoma sp. is a very complex organism that requires two
hosts, mollusk and mammalian, to survive, propagate and complete its life cycle. Hence, it
has developed specific immune evasion mechanisms for each of them. Once Schistosoma
sp. has infected and established itself within its mammalian host as an adult worm, it evades
the immune mechanism of that host. However, the antigens released by the eggs can elicit an
immune response with formation of granuloma around eggs. Granuloma formation is the main
characteristic lesion in schistosomiasis, which in the liver can cause hepatomegaly in hepatointestinal
schistosomiasis. This paper will summarize various immune responses against the
parasite as well as varieties of strategies which developed by the Schistosoma spp. to persist
within human hosts.
J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol., 33 (2), August 2003: 631-636.
Abstract
Examination of some represented water sites revealed presence larvae and eggs of the nematodes infecting man and animals. Eggs in a descending order of abundance were Trichostrongylus, Toxocara vitolorum, T. canis and Ascaris sp., then Trichocephalus and Ancylostoma sp. Larvae in a descending order were Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus and Ancylostoma sp. No doubt contaminated or polluted water plays an important role as nematode-born source.
Hassan M.M., Bahgat M.A., Ali A.E., Saleh A., El-Shafae O.K., Abdel-Ghaffar M.M., and Mowafy N.M.E
Abstract
Seventy-three asymptomatic bancroftian filariasis patients with positive microfilaria in their blood films were included. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: ivermectin group (50 cases) given 2 doses each of 100 ug/kg body weight, 3 months apart, and 23 cases had 2 doses of placebo. The study was run blindly for one year. The initial mean microfilaria (MF) count was 111/ml. At 3 months after ivermectin therapy, mean MF became 7.8/ml and 24% of ivermectin treated cases had no detectable MF (P <0.05). At 6, 9 and 12 months, the mean MF count became 4.1, 6.5 and 11/ml with amicrofilaria in 54%, 42% and 40% of treated cases respectively (P <0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant change in the mean MF count in placebo group was detected. The routine laboratory investigations were unchanged or slightly improved at 3 and 6 months. Side effects after the first dose of ivermectin were mild fever in 16% and weakness in 20%. None was recorded after the second dose. Circulating filarial antigens could be detected in 66% of cases before treatment, as all cases with high microfilaremia had positive antigenemia. The mean antigen level started to decline significantly after 9 months post treatment. At the end of the study (one-year), all negative microfilaremic cases had negative antigen levels, indicating that detection of antigen in-patients sera is a very good indicator of cure and efficacy of the drug.
Egypt J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 279-289.
Abstract
A cross sectional study was done in Towa village, El Minia Governorate during autumn, 1996. Clinical examination of random sample of population in 388 houses was done by health team to detect patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and /or asthmatic bronchitis. Also, house dust samples were collected from these houses.
In this study, the prevalence of mites in house dust samples was 29.9%. A relation between the presence of mites and patients suffering from allergic diseases in the same houses was discussed. The most abundant mites in this study were Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci., 18(1), 1997: 59-71.
Abstract
From 1800 patients attending the clinic of Dermatology and Venerology Department at El-Minia University Hospital, 362 (20.1%) were found infected with skin parasites. 16.7% were infected with scabietic mites, 3.3% infested with head lice and 0.1% suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis. Prevalence of infection was studied in relation to age, sex, social status and seasonal prevalence. Sites of infestations, clinical picture as well as diagnostic measures were also illustrated and described. The present data were discussed and compared with previous reports.
Abstract
Tissue cyst of protozoan genus Sarcocystis were detected in skeletal muscles of 4 of 9 (44.4%) pigs that were reared and slaughtered in a village sough El-Minia city. Microscopic cysts bounded by apparently thin cyst wall appeared to be belonging to two cyst wall types. Type 1 was with striated wall, while type 2 was with smooth wall. Ultrastructural examination of type 1 revealed numerous palisade-like protrusions of the primary cyst wall, while the primary cyst wall of type 2 formed numerous band-like protrusions. On this basis and the failure of infectivity of the cysts to puppies and kittens, the sarcocysts were identified to belong to S. suihominis (Tadros and Laarman, 1976, Heydorn, 1977) showing different developmental stages of different ages.
As man is the final host of this parasite, it might lead to human health problem, when infected pork is eaten insufficiently cooked. The present study recorded S. suihominis for the first time from upper Egypt.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 18(1) June, 1997: 235-243.
Abstract
Fifteen third stage larvae of Sarcophaga species were obtained from bloody stools of a ten years old child from the suburbs of El-Minia Governorate.
Whole mounts for ordinary microscopy and scan-electron microscopy were done, from which detailed morphological features were described for the first time in Egypt. These features might be very important criteria in larval identification and species differentiation. Of particular importance are the cephalopharyngeal skeleton and the future eyes and antenna.
Egypt. J. Med. Sci. 17(2), 1996: 577-590.
Abstract
Out of 2400 preparatory school students in El-Minia Governorate, 1551 (64.6%) were positive for parasitic infection ( 20.3% Entamoeba coli, 14.9% Giardia lamblia, 12.9% Enterobius vermicularis, 12% Hymenolepis nana, 9.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 2.7% Ascaris lumbricoides, 2% Schistosoma haematobium, 0.3% Schistosoma mansoni, 1.5% Taenia spp., 0.4% Trichocephalus trichuris and 0.1 % Anchylostoma duodenale).
Incidence of different parasites and their effect on growth of preparatory school students in rural and urban areas were compared in different sexes.
Parasitic diseases generally lowered all anthropometric measurements, but this was not statistically significant.
Abstract
The effect of combined infection with Pnemocystic carinii and Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated in a rat model. Rats were immunosuppressed by corticosteroids for 6 weeks to induce Pnemocystic carinii infection. On week 6 the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was intraperitoneally injected in a group of immunosuppressed rats and in another group of normally health rats. The combination of these infections was evaluated in this model and compared with each single infection pathologically and serologically.
The pathologic effects were marked in the lung tissues in mixed infection group than in the group infected only with either parasite, while the effects were less evident in liver and brain tissues with little difference between mixed infection group and either of single infection groups.
Anti-Toxoplasma antibody titers were low in mixed infection compared to higher one in Toxoplasma group only. Details of pathological and serological results of single or combined infections in rats were discussed.
Abstract
Two medically important leeches were fully described and identified through macroscopical as well as light and scanning electron microscopical studies. The first leech, Limnatis nilotica, caused internal hirudiniasis. It was removed from the nasal cavity of an Egyptian worker who was coming back from Libya suffering from severe epistaxis. The second one, Helobdella stagnalis, was detected in infested water samples from different localities in El-Minia Governorate. On contact with water, farmers complained of skin irritation, mild bleeding or haematoma at its site of attachment. The two leeches were described and identified as human invaders for the first time in Egypt. Their possible role in transmission of some blood parasites is discussed.
Detection of P. carinii in lung impression smears. Broncho-alveolar lavage and lung sections of 35 immuno-suppressed albino rats was evaluated using:
1- Six histological stains (Gram, Giemsa, PAS, Toluidine blueO, Gomori's, methenamine silver and H&E stain).
2- Electron microscope.
3- Direct immuno-fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT).
Intracystic bodies are best seen by Giemsa or Gram stain, while the cyst wall can be better stained with toluidine blue O or Gomori's metenamine silver stain.
Electron microscopic examination showed structural details of different stages of P. carinii in alveolar lumen in the form of trophozoites, precysts and cysts that contain intracystic bodies as well as empty collapsed cysts.
The sensitivity of IFAT was 100% since all the examined slides were positive. In addition this technique is specific method for rapid detection of the parasite in lung impression smears: broncho-alveolar lavage, paraffin and frozen lung sections of immune-suppressed rats and seems to be a good diagnostic tool for detection of P. carinii.
ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle samples were obtained from 12 cattle and all the examined samples were found infected with Sarcocystis cysts. Light microscopic (LM) examination of fresh isolated cysts showed three Sarcocystis species; S. cruzi with thin walled cyst of hairy protrusions and S. hirsuta & S. hominis with" thick radially striated" cyst wall. Cyst wall protrusions of S. hirsuta had a sloping pattern, while those of S. hominis were broadly seated on the cyst surface in upright pattern. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) examination of cysts of S. hominis showed villar protrusions which arise with broad basis from the cyst surface, finger-like in outline and had microfilaments in the core. Leaflets of membrane-like structures were present between bradyzoites. The morphological criteria of this species and its medical importance were discussed and this is the first description of S. hominis from cattle in Upper Egypt.
people worldwide, especially in the developing countries. There are five known species of
Schistosoma which currently infect humans in various geographical locations. Infection with
Schistosoma spp. leads to two forms of the disease: acute and chronic. Chronic infection
can affect various organs within the human body including the brain, lungs, gut and the
reproductive organs, which leads to neuroschistosomiasis, pulmonary schistosomiasis, hepatointestinal
schistosomiasis and urinary genital schistosomiasis, respectively. All Schistosoma
spp. have a common denominator that they have the ability to infect, invade and evade the
host’s immune mechanism. Schistosoma sp. is a very complex organism that requires two
hosts, mollusk and mammalian, to survive, propagate and complete its life cycle. Hence, it
has developed specific immune evasion mechanisms for each of them. Once Schistosoma
sp. has infected and established itself within its mammalian host as an adult worm, it evades
the immune mechanism of that host. However, the antigens released by the eggs can elicit an
immune response with formation of granuloma around eggs. Granuloma formation is the main
characteristic lesion in schistosomiasis, which in the liver can cause hepatomegaly in hepatointestinal
schistosomiasis. This paper will summarize various immune responses against the
parasite as well as varieties of strategies which developed by the Schistosoma spp. to persist
within human hosts.