آیزو 9
آیزو 9 (ISO 9) بین الاقوامی تنظیم برائے معیاریت نقل حرفی کے لیے ایک نظام قائم ہے جو سیریلیک رسمِ خط لاطینی حروفِ تہجی بشمول سلاوی حروف تحجی اور غیر سلاوی زبانوں کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔[1]
آیزو 9:1995 یا جی او ایس ٹی 7.79 نظام اے
[ترمیم]مندرجہ ذیل مشترکہ جدول ہے جو سلاوی، ایرانی، رومانس، ترک، اورالی، منگولی، شمالی قفقازی، تیگوسک اور قدیم سائبیریائی کے حروف تہحی کو ظاہر کرتا ہے۔
سیریلک | لاطینی | یونیکوڈ | تفصیل | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
А | а | A | a | ||||
Ӓ | ӓ | Ä | ä | 00C4 |
00E4
|
a diaeresis | |
Ӓ̄ | ӓ̄ | Ạ̈ | ạ̈ | 00C4+0323 |
00E4+0323
|
a diaeresis and dot below | |
Ӑ | ӑ | Ă | ă | 0102 |
0103
|
a breve | |
А̄ | а̄ | Ā | ā | 0100 |
0101
|
a macron | |
Ӕ | ӕ | Æ | æ | 00C6 |
00E6
|
ae ligature | |
А́ | а́ | Á | á | 00C1 |
00E1
|
a acute | |
А̊ | а̊ | Å | å | 00C5 |
00E5
|
a ring | |
Б | б | B | b | ||||
В | в | V | v | ||||
Г | г | G | g | ||||
Ѓ | ѓ | Ǵ | ǵ | 01F4 |
01F5
|
g acute | |
Ғ | ғ | Ġ | ġ | 0120 |
0121
|
g dot | |
Ҕ | ҕ | Ğ | ğ | 011E |
011F
|
g breve | |
Һ | һ | Ḥ | ḥ | 1E24 |
1E25
|
h dot | |
Д | д | D | d | ||||
Ђ | ђ | Đ | đ | 0110 |
0111
|
d macron | |
Е | е | E | e | ||||
Ӗ | ӗ | Ĕ | ĕ | 0114 |
0115
|
e breve | |
Ё | ё | Ë | ë | 00CB |
00EB
|
e diaeresis | |
Є | є | Ê | ê | 00CA |
00EA
|
e circumflex | |
Ж | ж | Ž | ž | 017D |
017E
|
z caron | |
Җ | җ | Ž̦ | ž̦ | 017D+0326 |
017E+0326
|
z caron and comma below[2] | |
Ž̧ | ž̧ | 017D+0327 |
017E+0327
|
z caron and cedilla[2] | |||
Ӝ | ӝ | Z̄ | z̄ | Z+0304 |
z+0304
|
z macron | |
Ӂ | ӂ | Z̆ | z̆ | Z+0306 |
z+0306
|
z breve | |
З | з | Z | z | ||||
Ӟ | ӟ | Z̈ | z̈ | Z+0308 |
z+0308
|
z diaeresis | |
Ӡ | ӡ | Ź | ź | 0179 |
017A
|
z acute | |
Ѕ | ѕ | Ẑ | ẑ | 1E90 |
1E91
|
z circumflex | |
И | и | I | i | ||||
Ӣ | ӣ | Ī | ī | 012A |
012B
|
i macron | |
И́ | и́ | Í | í | 00CD |
00ED
|
i acute | |
Ӥ | ӥ | Î | î | 00CE |
00EE
|
i circumflex | |
Й | й | J | j | ||||
І | і | Ì | ì | 00CC |
00EC
|
i grave | |
Ї | ї | Ï | ï | 00CF |
00EF
|
i diaeresis | |
І̄ | і̄ | Ǐ | ǐ | 01CF (012C) |
01D0 (012D)
|
i caron (or breve) | |
Ј | ј | J̌ | ǰ | J+030C |
01F0
|
j caron | |
Ј̵ | ј̵ | J́ | j́ | J+0301 |
j+0301
|
j acute | |
К | к | K | k | ||||
Ќ | ќ | Ḱ | ḱ | 1E30 |
1E31
|
k acute | |
Ӄ | ӄ | Ḳ | ḳ | 1E32 |
1E33
|
k dot below | |
Ҝ | ҝ | K̂ | k̂ | K+0302 |
k+0302
|
k circumflex | |
Ҡ | ҡ | Ǩ | ǩ | 01E8 |
01E9
|
k caron | |
Ҟ | ҟ | K̄ | k̄ | K+0304 |
k+0304
|
k macron | |
Қ | қ | K̦ | k̦ | K+0326 |
0326
|
k comma below[2] | |
Ķ | ķ | 0136 |
0137
|
k cedilla[2] | |||
К̨ | к̨ | K̀ | k̀ | K+0300 |
k+0300
|
k grave | |
Ԛ | ԛ | Q | q | ||||
Л | л | L | l | ||||
Љ | љ | L̂ | l̂ | L+0302 |
l+0302
|
l circumflex | |
Ԡ | ԡ | L̦ | l̦ | L+0326 |
l+0326
|
l comma below[2] | |
Ļ | ļ | 013B |
013C
|
l cedilla[2] | |||
М | м | M | m | ||||
Н | н | N | n | ||||
Њ | њ | N̂ | n̂ | N+0302 |
n+0302
|
n circumflex | |
Ң | ң | N̦ | n̦ | N+0326 |
n+0326
|
n comma below[2] | |
Ņ | ņ | 0145 |
0146
|
n cedilla[2] | |||
Ӊ | ӊ | Ṇ | ṇ | 1E46 |
1E47
|
n dot below | |
Ҥ | ҥ | Ṅ | ṅ | 1E44 |
1E45
|
n dot | |
Ԋ | ԋ | Ǹ | ǹ | 01F8 |
01F9
|
n grave | |
Ԣ | ԣ | Ń | ń | 0143 |
0144
|
n acute | |
Ӈ | ӈ | Ň | ň | 0147 |
0148
|
n caron | |
Н̄ | н̄ | N̄ | n̄ | N+0304 |
n+0304
|
n macron | |
О | о | O | o | ||||
Ӧ | ӧ | Ö | ö | 00D6 |
00F6
|
o diaeresis | |
Ө | ө | Ô | ô | 00D4 |
00F4
|
o circumflex | |
Ӫ | ӫ | Ő | ő | 0150 |
0151
|
o double acute | |
Ӧ̄ | о̄̈ | Ọ̈ | ọ̈ | 00D6+0323 |
00F6+0323
|
o diaeresis and dot below | |
Ҩ | ҩ | Ò | ò | 00D2 |
00F2
|
o grave | |
О́ | о́ | Ó | ó | 00D3 |
00F3
|
o acute | |
О̄ | о̄ | Ō | ō | 014C |
014D
|
o macron | |
Œ | œ | Œ | œ | 0152 |
0153
|
oe ligature | |
П | п | P | p | ||||
Ҧ | ҧ | Ṕ | ṕ | 1E54 |
1E55
|
p acute | |
Ԥ | ԥ | P̀ | p̀ | P+0300 |
p+0300
|
p grave | |
Р | р | R | r | ||||
С | с | S | s | ||||
Ҫ | ҫ | Ș | ș | 0218 |
0219
|
s comma below[2] | |
Ş | ş | 015E |
015F
|
s cedilla[2] | |||
С̀ | с̀ | S̀ | s̀ | S+0300 |
s+0300
|
s grave | |
Т | т | T | t | ||||
Ћ | ћ | Ć | ć | 0106 |
0107
|
c acute | |
Ԏ | ԏ | T̀ | t̀ | T+0300 |
t+0300
|
t grave | |
Т̌ | т̌ | Ť | ť | 0164 |
0165
|
t caron | |
Ҭ | ҭ | Ț | ț | 021A |
021B
|
t comma below[2] | |
Ţ | ţ | 0162 |
0163
|
t cedilla[2] | |||
У | у | U | u | ||||
Ӱ | ӱ | Ü | ü | 00DC |
00FC
|
u diaeresis | |
Ӯ | ӯ | Ū | ū | 016A |
016B
|
u macron | |
Ў | ў | Ŭ | ŭ | 016C |
016D
|
u breve | |
Ӳ | ӳ | Ű | ű | 0170 |
0171
|
u double acute | |
У́ | у́ | Ú | ú | 00DA |
00FA
|
u acute | |
Ӱ̄ | ӱ̄ | Ụ̈ | ụ̈ | 00DC+0323 |
00FC+0323
|
u diaeresis and dot below | |
Ү | ү | Ù | ù | 00D9 |
00F9
|
u grave | |
Ұ | ұ | U̇ | u̇ | U+0307 |
u+0307
|
u dot | |
Ӱ̄ | ӱ̄ | Ụ̄ | ụ̄ | 016A+0323 |
016B+0323
|
u macron and dot below | |
Ԝ | ԝ | W | w | ||||
Ф | ф | F | f | ||||
Х | х | H | h | ||||
Ҳ | ҳ | H̦ | h̦ | H+0326 |
h+0326
|
h comma below[2] | |
Ḩ | ḩ | 1E28 |
1E29
|
h cedilla[2] | |||
Ц | ц | C | c | ||||
Ҵ | ҵ | C̄ | c̄ | C+0304 |
c+0304
|
c macron | |
Џ | џ | D̂ | d̂ | D+0302 |
d+0302
|
d circumflex | |
Ч | ч | Č | č | 010C |
010D
|
c caron | |
Ҷ | ҷ | C̦ | c̦ | C+0326 |
c+0326
|
c comma below[2] | |
Ç | ç | 00C7 |
00E7
|
c cedilla[2] | |||
Ӌ | ӌ | C̣ | c̣ | C+0323 |
c+0323
|
c dot below | |
Ӵ | ӵ | C̈ | c̈ | C+0308 |
c+0308
|
c diaeresis | |
Ҹ | ҹ | Ĉ | ĉ | 0108 |
0109
|
c circumflex | |
Ч̀ | ч̀ | C̀ | c̀ | C+0300 |
c+0300
|
c grave | |
Ҽ | ҽ | C̆ | c̆ | C+0306 |
c+0306
|
c breve | |
Ҿ | ҿ | C̨̆ | c̨̆ | C+0328+0306 |
c+0328+0306
|
c ogonek[2] and breve | |
Ш | ш | Š | š | 0160 |
0161
|
s caron | |
Щ | щ | Ŝ | ŝ | 015C |
015D
|
s circumflex | |
Ъ | ъ | ʺ | 02BA
|
modifier letter double prime[3] | |||
Ы | ы | Y | y | ||||
Ӹ | ӹ | Ÿ | ÿ | 0178 |
00FF
|
y diaeresis | |
Ы̄ | ы̄ | Ȳ | ȳ | 0232 |
0233
|
y macron | |
Ь | ь | ʹ | 02B9
|
modifier letter prime[3] | |||
Э | э | È | è | 00C8 |
00E8
|
e grave | |
Ә | ә | A̋ | a̋ | A+030B |
a+030B
|
a double acute | |
Ӛ | ӛ | À | à | 00C0 |
00E0
|
a grave | |
Ю | ю | Û | û | 00DB |
00FB
|
u circumflex | |
Ю̄ | ю̄ | Û̄ | û̄ | 00DB+0304 |
00FB+0304
|
u circumflex with macron | |
Я | я | Â | â | 00C2 |
00E2
|
a circumflex | |
Ґ | ґ | G̀ | g̀ | G+0300 |
g+0300
|
g grave | |
Ѣ | ѣ | Ě | ě | 011A |
011B
|
e caron | |
Ѫ | ѫ | Ǎ | ǎ | 01CD |
01CE
|
a caron | |
Ѳ | ѳ | F̀ | f̀ | F+0300 |
f+0300
|
f grave | |
Ѵ | ѵ | Ỳ | ỳ | 1EF2 |
1EF3
|
y grave | |
Ӏ | ‡ | 2021
|
double dagger | ||||
ʼ | ` | ` | |||||
ˮ | ¨ | 00A8
|
diaeresis |
مثال
[ترمیم]Славься, Отечество наше свободное, Братских народов союз вековой, Предками данная мудрость народная! Славься, страна! Мы гордимся тобой! |
Slavʹsâ, Otečestvo naše svobodnoe, Bratskih narodov soûz vekovoj, Predkami dannaâ mudrostʹ narodnaâ! Slavʹsâ, strana! My gordimsâ toboj! |
جی او ایس ٹی 7.79 نظام بی
[ترمیم]سیریلک | رومن | نوٹ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
А | а | A | а | |
Б | б | B | b | |
В | в | V | v | |
Г | г | G | g | |
Ѓ/Ґ | ѓ/ґ | G` | g` | ѓ in Macedonian, ґ in Ukrainian |
Д | д | D | d | |
Е | е | E | e | |
Ё | ё | Yo | yo | in Russian and Belarusian |
Є | є | Ye | ye | in Ukrainian |
Ж | ж | Zh | zh | |
З | з | Z | z | |
S | ѕ | Z` | z` | in Macedonian |
И | и | I, Y` | i, y` | not in Belarusian, y` for Ukrainian |
Й/J | й/ј | J | j | ј in Macedonian |
I | і | I, I` | i, i` | i` only before vowels for Old Russian and Old Bulgarian |
Ї | ї | Yi | yi | in Ukrainian |
К | к | K | k | |
Ќ | ќ | K` | k` | in Macedonian |
Л | л | L | l | |
Љ | љ | L` | l` | in Macedonian |
М | м | M | m | |
Н | н | N | n | |
Њ | њ | N` | n` | in Macedonian |
О | о | O | о | |
П | п | P | p | |
Р | р | R | r | |
С | с | S | s | |
Т | т | T | t | |
У | у | U | u | |
Ў | ў | U` | u` | in Belarusian |
Ф | ф | F | f | |
Х | х | X | x | |
Ц | ц | Cz, C | cz, с | c before i, e, y, j |
Ч | ч | Ch | ch | |
Џ | џ | Dh | dh | in Macedonian |
Ш | ш | Sh | sh | |
Щ | щ | Shh, Sht | shh, sht | shh for Russian and Ukrainian, sht for Bulgarian |
Ъ | ъ | A` | a`, `` | two grave accents for Russian, a` for Bulgarian |
Ы | ы | Y` | y` | in Russian and Belarusian |
Ь | ь | ` | grave accent | |
Э | э | E` | e` | in Russian and Belarusian |
Ю | ю | Yu | yu | not in Macedonian |
Я | я | Ya | уа | not in Macedonian |
’ | ' | apostrophe | ||
Ѣ | ѣ | Ye | уе | in Old Russian and Old Bulgarian |
Ѳ | ѳ | Fh | fh | in Old Russian and Old Bulgarian |
Ѵ | ѵ | Yh | yh | in Old Russian and Old Bulgarian |
Ѫ | ѫ | O` | о` | in Old Bulgarian |
№ | # |
This standard (System B) appears to have been used in 2014 for the transliteration of street names on street signs in Moscow; its unusual appearance and non-intuitive sound values gave rise to criticism in the media.[4]
قومی اختیار
[ترمیم]The verbatim translated text of ISO 9 is adopted as an inter-state standard in the countries listed below (the national designation is shown in parentheses). Other transcription schemes are also used in practice, though.
- روس (GOST 7.79)
- آرمینیا (GOST 7.79)
- آذربائیجان (GOST 7.79)
- بیلاروس (GOST 7.79–2000, adopted 2003-03-01)[5]
- قازقستان (GOST 7.79)
- کرغیزستان (GOST 7.79)
- تاجکستان (GOST 7.79)
- ترکمانستان (GOST 7.79)
- ازبکستان (GOST 7.79)
آیزو/آر 9
[ترمیم]سیریلک | 1954 | 1968 | 1995 | نوٹ |
---|---|---|---|---|
А а | A a | A a | A a | |
Б б | B b | B b | B b | |
В в | V v | V v | V v | |
Г г | G g | G g, H h | G g | h for Belarusian and Ukrainian, g else (see table below) |
Ґ ґ | Ġ ġ | G g | G̀ g̀ | in Ukrainian |
Д д | D d | D d | D d | |
Ѓ ѓ | Ǵ ǵ | Ǵ ǵ | Ǵ ǵ | in Macedonian |
Ђ ђ | Đ đ | Đ đ | Đ đ | in Serbian |
Е е | E e | E e | E e | |
Ё ё | Ë ë | Ë ë | Ë ë | in Russian and Belarusian |
Є є | Je je | Je je | Ê ê | in Ukrainian |
Ж ж | Ž ž | Ž ž (Zh zh) | Ž ž | see table below |
З з | Z z | Z z | Z z | |
Ѕ ѕ | Dz dz | Dz dz | Ẑ ẑ | in Macedonian |
И и | I i, Y y | I i, Y y | I i | not in Belarusian, y for Ukrainian, i else (see table below) |
I і | I i | I i, Ī ī | Ì ì | not in Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian, archaic in Russian (see table below) |
Ї ї | Ji ji | Ï ï | Ï ï | in Ukrainian |
Й й | J j | J j (Ĭ ĭ) | J j | not in Serbian and Macedonian (see table below) |
Ј ј | J j | J j | J̌ ǰ | in Serbian and Macedonian |
К к | K k | K k | K k | |
Л л | L l | L l | L l | |
Љ љ | Lj lj | Lj lj | L̂ l̂ | in Serbian and Macedonian |
М м | M m | M m | M m | |
Н н | N n | N n | N n | |
Њ њ | Nj nj | Nj nj | N̂ n̂ | in Serbian and Macedonian |
О о | O o | O o | O o | |
П п | P p | P p | P p | |
Р р | R r | R r | R r | |
С с | S s | S s | S s | |
Т т | T t | T t | T t | |
Ќ ќ | Ḱ ḱ | Ḱ ḱ | Ḱ ḱ | in Macedonian |
Ћ ћ | Ć ć | Ć ć | Ć ć | in Serbian |
У у | U u | U u | U u | |
Ў ў | Ŭ ŭ | Ŭ ŭ | Ŭ ŭ | in Belarusian |
Ф ф | F f | F f | F f | |
Х х | H h | Ch ch, H h (Kh kh) | H h | h for Serbian and Macedonian, ch else (see table below) |
Ц ц | C c | C c (Ts ts) | C c | see table below |
Ч ч | Č č | Č č (Ch ch) | Č č | see table below |
Џ џ | Dž dž | Dž dž | D̂ d̂ | in Serbian and Macedonian |
Ш ш | Š š | Š š (Sh sh) | Š š | see table below |
Щ щ | Šč šč, Št št | Šč šč, Št št (Shch shch) | Ŝ ŝ | not in Belarusian, Serbian and Macedonian, št for Bulgarian, šč else (see table below) |
Ъ ъ | Ă ă, " | Ă ă, ʺ | ʺ | not in Serbian and Macedonian, archaic in Belarusian and Ukrainian, ă for Bulgarian, ʺ else (see table below) |
Ы ы | Y y | Y y | Y y | Russian and Belarusian |
Ь ь | ʹ | ʹ | ʹ | not in Serbian and Macedonian |
Ѣ ѣ | Ě ě | Ě ě | Ě ě | not in Serbian and Macedonian, archaic else |
Э э | Ė ė | Ė ė | È è | in Russian and Belarusian |
Ю ю | Ju ju | Ju ju (Yu yu) | Û û | not in Serbian and Macedonian (see table below) |
Я я | Ja ja | Ja ja (Ya ya) | Â â | not in Serbian and Macedonian (see table below) |
’ | ", ’ | ″ | ’ | in Belarusian and Ukrainian, archaic in Russian, ’ in Macedonian |
Ѫ ѫ | Ȧ ȧ | Ȧ ȧ, ʺ̣ | Ǎ ǎ | archaic in Bulgarian (see table below) |
Ѳ ѳ | Ḟ ḟ | Ḟ ḟ | F̀ f̀ | archaic in Russian |
Ѵ ѵ | Ẏ ẏ | Ẏ ẏ | Ỳ ỳ | archaic in Russian |
- Bulgarian
- ъ and ѫ are not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1945 orthography).
- Russian and Belarusian
- ъ is not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1918 orthography).
Sub-standards
[ترمیم]ISO/R 9:1968 permits some deviations from the main standard. In the table below, they are listed in the columns sub-standard 1 and sub-standard 2.
- The first sub-standard defines some language-dependent transliterations for Russian (ru), Ukrainian (uk), Belarusian (be) and Bulgarian (bg).
- The second sub-standard permits, in countries where tradition favours it, a set of alternative transliterations, but only as a group.
سیریلک | آیزو/آر 9:1968 | ||
---|---|---|---|
variant 1 | main | variant 2 | |
г | h (یوکرینی زبان, بیلاروسی زبان) | g | |
ж | ž | zh | |
и | y (یوکرینی زبان) | i | |
і | i (یوکرینی زبان, بیلاروسی زبان) | ī | |
й | j | ĭ | |
х | ch (یوکرینی زبان, بیلاروسی زبان, روسی زبان) | h | kh |
ц | c | ts | |
ч | č | ch | |
ш | š | sh | |
щ | št (bg) | šč | shch |
ъ | ă (bg) | ʺ | |
ю | ju | yu | |
я | ja | ya | |
ѫ | ȧ (bg) | ʺ̣ |
حوالہ جات
[ترمیم]- ↑ "ISO 9:1995: Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters -- Slavic and non-Slavic languages"۔ International Organization for Standardization۔ 24 دسمبر 2018 میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ۔ اخذ شدہ بتاریخ 13 اپریل 2012
- ^ ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ
- ^ ا ب
- ↑ Москва готовится к оккупации, иначе происходящее не объяснить ("Moscow is preparing for occupation - otherwise one can't explain what goes on")
- ↑ "Система стандартов по информации, библиотечному и издательскому делу (СИБИД), действующих в Республике Беларусь", item 55 (Sistema standartov po informacii, bibliotečnomu i izdatel'skomu delu (SIBID), dejstvuûŝih v Respublike Belarus')
بیرونی روابط
[ترمیم]- Online Russian Transliterator, various systemsآرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ translit.us (Error: unknown archive URL) (Russian alphabet only)
- Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts – A collection of writing systems and transliteration tables, by Thomas T. Pedersen. PDF reference charts include ISO 9.
- Transliteration of Russian into various European languages
- CyrAcademisator Bi-directional online transliteration of Russian for ALA-LC (diacritics), scientific, ISO/R 9, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and others. Supports Old Slavonic characters
- Lingua::Translit Perl module covering a variety of writing systems. Transliteration according to several standards including ISO 9 and DIN 1460 for Cyrillic.
- (جرمن میں) IDS (Informationsverbund Deutschschweiz, 2001) Katalogisierungsregeln IDS (KIDS), Anhänge, “IDS G.4: Transliteration der slavischen kyrillischen Alphabeteآرکائیو شدہ (Date missing) بذریعہ kids.informationsverbund.ch (Error: unknown archive URL)”. Universität Zürich. URL accessed on 29-02-2012 (PDF format, in German)—ISO/R 9 1968 standardization of scientific transliteration.
- RUS1.NET — 1:1 (univocal) transliteration map for learners of Russian, links to free auto-translit/IME tools for chrome/Firefox.