Seeded grasslands are used to perform a competitive farming. They are placed in arable or are replacing grasslands powerfully degraded. The meaning of temporary grassland is to provide high and qualitative forage yields with the proper... more
Seeded grasslands are used to perform a competitive farming. They are placed in arable or are replacing grasslands powerfully degraded. The meaning of temporary grassland is to provide high and qualitative forage yields with the proper imputs, to ...
Erwinia amylovora is a very dangerous plant pathogen bacterium that produces the disease named fire blight. Due to its gravity was mentioned in the category of the phytosanitary quarantine organism in the Annex II from H.G. 563/2007. The... more
Erwinia amylovora is a very dangerous plant pathogen bacterium that produces the disease named fire blight. Due to its gravity was mentioned in the category of the phytosanitary quarantine organism in the Annex II from H.G. 563/2007. The pathogen has entered on the territory of Romania in the ’90 and slightly was expanded in all the fruit tree cultivation areas. In the last years there was noticed an increase of the frequency and intensity in apple, pear and quince. Erwinia amylovora represents a risk for the fruit tree sector, mainly in pear and apple but also in nurseries. The topic approached in this study is present-day and is looking to bring support for the fruit tree farmers from Banat’s area because they are confronting often with problems that are regarding the pathogens control from the apple orchards and mainly the control of the fire blight that is almost impossible to control, mostly in the years with hot and humid weather. The main objective of the research was the mon...
The straweberry represents the spiece with a big economical and alimentary attention, with a big production which is adapted to a large climate variety because of its large created spiecies. the strawberry culture was made in the spring... more
The straweberry represents the spiece with a big economical and alimentary attention, with a big production which is adapted to a large climate variety because of its large created spiecies. the strawberry culture was made in the spring of 2009, like classical, multianual culture in free plain the sort red gaunttlet, with ripening at the ending of may, this sort has a good resistance to the whitening spot of the leaves, at grey rot. the biofertilizations used Bionat plus and Bionex were applicated to two treatements with recomandated pesticides, in the two treatements: the first was the full infusion, and the second was to the showing inflorescence. the results reduced the attack frequency on the leaves with white spots (Mycosplaerella fragariac) in the first variant where were applicated biofertilizations Bionat plus and Bionex. the superior effectiveness was get in the first variant treated with Bionax plus, concentration 0,2% and Bionex, concentrated 0,2% towards the second varia...
In Romania, a particularly important role in the new organization of agriculture is farmers' associations, which aim to ensure the concentration and specialization of production. After all the studies - Over the years, losses due to... more
In Romania, a particularly important role in the new organization of agriculture is farmers' associations, which aim to ensure the concentration and specialization of production. After all the studies - Over the years, losses due to pests, diseases and weeds amount to several billion lei, which requires action at multiple levels. Insects show great plasticity in their adaptation to the conditions of existence forming an inexhaustible number of morphological and biological types. From this large number of insects is part Oulema melanopa L. (oat/cereal leaf beetle), frequently reported in cereal crops in Banat. The purpose of this research was to identify, within three years, the most sensitive wheat varieties to the attack of Oulema melanopa L species. Studies were conducted in the experimental field of the discipline Nematology and Acarology, located on the left side of the national road Timisoara-Arad. Observations were made on 16 wheat varieties, of which: 8 awned species and ...
Mycotoxicogenous fungi Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus flavus are producing mycotoxins in the cereal grains, that through the nutritive value and the increase of the toxicity of the plant products, these cannot guarantee health and... more
Mycotoxicogenous fungi Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus flavus are producing mycotoxins in the cereal grains, that through the nutritive value and the increase of the toxicity of the plant products, these cannot guarantee health and they will not provide the security of the life. From this reason these two fungi are in the attention of the researchers and cereals cultivators from the worldwide. The antifungal action of the thyme essential oil on these two fungi was tested through diffusion in the culture medium Sabouraud with chloramfenicol in Petri plates in three doses: 1 μl, 5 μl and 10 μl. The obtained results in the framework of this research are evidencing the great capacity the thyme oil on the inhibition of the development of the two fungi. On the media treated with essential oil in different doses the number of the colonies was very low (between 1 and 7) in comparison with the control tester were growth between 31 and 38 mycelian colonies. Inhibitory capacity of the thy...
In Moldova Nouă, the main pollutant is the ex-decantation lake in Tăusani, belonging to the S.C. Moldamin S.A. During the period 1988-1990, the Caras-Severin County Enterprise for the Maintenance and Exploitation of the Grasslands... more
In Moldova Nouă, the main pollutant is the ex-decantation lake in Tăusani, belonging to the S.C. Moldamin S.A. During the period 1988-1990, the Caras-Severin County Enterprise for the Maintenance and Exploitation of the Grasslands executed land modelling works on the slopes by planting perennial grasses in mixture. Since the completion of the modelling and planting of the slopes of the decantation lakes failed, there have been tailings dust pollution carried away by the very strong air currents. In this paper, we present a study of the floral composition of the tailings dumps in Moldova Nouă and a situation of the plant species resisting in this area. The inventorying of the plant species growing on the managed dumps has been done with the Braun-Blanquet method (1964), a method cited by Arsene (2003). We identified the measure in which the floristic composition has changed, the new species produced through self-seeding and we identified the dominant species. Results concern the stru...
Fusarium graminearum is a dangerous pathogen of the cereals producing mycotoxins (trichothecene and zearalenone) harmful for human and animal health. There were evaluated sixteen winter wheat varieties for their response in conditions of... more
Fusarium graminearum is a dangerous pathogen of the cereals producing mycotoxins (trichothecene and zearalenone) harmful for human and animal health. There were evaluated sixteen winter wheat varieties for their response in conditions of natural infection with F. graminearum in the epidemic year 2019, being well known that accumulation of mycotoxins (DON, ZON and T2) is induced by different biotic and abiotic factors. Field plot was organized in Latin rectangle randomized with three replicates. For all evaluated wheat varieties were collected field data (incidence, severity and infection degree of the fungus F. graminearum) and laboratory data (mycotoxins concentration in grains) that have been processed using the software JASP (Version 0.14) for descriptive statistics, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The results showed negative corelation between plants’ density and F. graminearum attack frequency...
Research about antimicotic action of essential oils has been made for long time, but still little knowledge is available. Thus, there is particular interest especially for those postharvest pathogens that are difficult to be controlled.... more
Research about antimicotic action of essential oils has been made for long time, but still little knowledge is available. Thus, there is particular interest especially for those postharvest pathogens that are difficult to be controlled. Some research emphasized high potential of essential oils to be used successfully against postharvest pathogens instead synthetic fungicides. Among the pathogens controlled by essential oils are known Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum. The aim of this research was to assess the capacity of lavender and oregano essential oils to inhibit the mycelial growth of Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea. Tests were made with oils in different concentrations and pathogens were isolated from the fruits skin and grown on specific medium being assessed the rate of mycelial growth. For both Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea the rate of mycelial growth for control (no treated) was 0.29-0.30 mm/h. When 10 ml of essential o...
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) can be attacked by many pathogens both in field and in deposits. Most of the time the peanuts are healthy, but during improper storage they can be contaminated with fungi. The myco-flora associated with the... more
Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) can be attacked by many pathogens both in field and in deposits. Most of the time the peanuts are healthy, but during improper storage they can be contaminated with fungi. The myco-flora associated with the peanut seeds is formed mainly by fungi from the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus. The mentioned fungi are very harmful for health because they are producing carcinogenic mycotoxins. Mainly the Aspergillus species can infect peanuts during the vegetation period, especially in the case very high humidity conditions in field. Thus, the infection can continue during the harvesting, transport and storage. Due to this fact, the problem of the accumulation of aflatoxins is very serious in the big peanut cultivating countries. Many researches show the presence of the aflatoxins in the sold peanuts. The approached topic in this research is actually and presents interests for the consumers in special. The identification if the myco toxige...
Seeded grasslands are used to perform a competitive farming. The meaning of temporary grassland is to provide high and qualitative forage yields with the proper inputs, to prevent the increase of the costs of forage obtained. The purpose... more
Seeded grasslands are used to perform a competitive farming. The meaning of temporary grassland is to provide high and qualitative forage yields with the proper inputs, to prevent the increase of the costs of forage obtained. The purpose of this work is to show how the fertilisation and climate has influenced the fresh fodder yield obtained during the research period. Material studied in this work is represented by two temporary grasslands from Grădinari (175 ha) and Ticvaniu Mare (230 ha) (Caras-Severin County, Romania). The temporary grasslands analysed in this work were seeded at the end of August 2003, after a mixture of spring oat and pea harvested for fresh fodder. The data were collected from 2004 to 2008. The mixture seeded comprises 6 grasses (Poa pratensis - 15%; Festuca pratensis - 10%; F. rubra - 10%; Dactylis glomerata -15%; Phleum pratense - 10%; Lolium perenne - 15%) and 2 legumes (Trifolium repens - 15%; Medicago sativa - 10%). The climatic data were registered at Me...
Blumeria graminis (DC) f. sp. avenae Em. Marchal (powdery mildew) fungus is considered an important foliar pathogen for oat that can affect the yield and the quality, mainly in the years with cool and humid weather. Climate conditions in... more
Blumeria graminis (DC) f. sp. avenae Em. Marchal (powdery mildew) fungus is considered an important foliar pathogen for oat that can affect the yield and the quality, mainly in the years with cool and humid weather. Climate conditions in the spring of 2019 in Banat Plain (Lovrin area) were favourable for infections. The research objective was to identify the oat lines with good resistance to powdery mildew. Thus, there were monitored 15 oat lines. The research method applied was the calculation of the incidence, severity and infection degree of the fungus. The relative resistance of the oat lines was set by comparing the infection degree of the tested material with the oat line that had the highest sensitivity to the attack of the pathogen. The frequency of the plants with powdery mildew symptoms was comprised between 5% and 100%. The infection severity had values between 10% and 70%. The most resistant oat line from the experience was 2509 and the most sensitive was 2515. The resistant lines could be used to the creation of some productive oat varieties with a good resistance to the attack of powdery mildew.
Fire Blight (FB) caused by Erwinia amylovora is the most feared bacterial disease in the genus Malus and other genera belonging to Rosaceae family, causing severe losses in orchards in favourable years, unmarketable fruits quality and... more
Fire Blight (FB) caused by Erwinia amylovora is the most feared bacterial disease in the genus Malus and other genera belonging to Rosaceae family, causing severe losses in orchards in favourable years, unmarketable fruits quality and even completely trees dieback, especially in highly susceptible genotypes. Currently E. amylovora is of quarantine concern in many countries all over the world and continue to conquer new territories. During 2018-year, six apple genotypes ('Golden Delicious', 'Idared', 'Gala', 'Jonagold', 'Fuji' and 'Jonathan'), within an orchard located in the proximity of Craiova city, Romania, have been assessed for their response to the infection to Erwinia amylovora and the impact of the pathogen attack on fruits yield and quality. The response of apple genotypes to the Fire Blight (FB) attack ranged from moderately resistant/susceptible ('Golden Delicious' and 'Fuji') to highly susceptible ('Idared', 'Gala', 'Jonagold' and 'Jonathan') depending on genetic background and environmental conditions. Fruits chemical parameters Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Total acidity (TA), Total Sugar (TS) were significantly affected by the pathogen attack in all apple varieties.
Permanent grasslands in Romania represent an important resource for animal breeders because they represent a very high rate from the total agricultural land. The problems characteristic for many grassland surfaces from lowland area are... more
Permanent grasslands in Romania represent an important resource for animal breeders because they represent a very high rate from the total agricultural land. The problems characteristic for many grassland surfaces from lowland area are mainly degradation determined by overgrazing, improper management or the lack of the management works. The aspects related with the management of permanent grasslands from Romania are regulated by a national law (34/2013 with the latest updates) that imposes to the permanent grassland owners (private and public) to elaborate a Grassland Management Planning that is based on the preliminary evaluation of the grassland's vegetation and the problems found there. The planning sets the proper measures for permanent grassland use and maintenance of the vegetation cover. This work is a case study that takes in consideration six permanent grasslands from lowland area of western Romania that are in public ownership and rented by private animal breeders. The purpose of the work was to determinate the application of the Grassland Management Planning that is reflected in the grassland vegetation quality and biodiversity. The results obtained show that the forager value of the analysed grasslands is low according with the pastoral value obtained. Thus, biodiversity expressed as Shannon index is relatively high, but this fact is due to a great number of annual weed species that colonizes the grasslands, their origin being the surrounding access ways and the arable land from the vicinity.
The COVID 19 pandemic is one of the greatest threats of the 21 st century that disturbed whole human`s life and all sectors of the global economy. Due to highly infectious and spreading capacity of SARS-CoV-2 the governments took... more
The COVID 19 pandemic is one of the greatest threats of the 21 st century that disturbed whole human`s life and all sectors of the global economy. Due to highly infectious and spreading capacity of SARS-CoV-2 the governments took unprecedented measures worldwide with a great impact on the most vulnerable groups (people affected by chronically hunger, malnourished children and small farmers) and sectors. Agriculture is the most important economic sector that cares the responsibility for food security and human development. The present paper identifies and synthetize relevant literature to provide an integrated overview of the current state-of-knowledge on the economic impact of COVID 19 pandemic on agriculture and food security, including also forward-looking statements on future measures to mitigate the effects on crop production, food demand, agricultural products supply, inputs supply, agricultural products market, farmers` income and rural poverty. The study emphasizes that due to the mobility restrictions, decline in international trade, reduced purchasing power, disturbance in food production and food processing, food insecurity may arise affecting especially the small farmers from the regions already affected by poverty, climate change and conflicts. Therefore, the governments and international organizations should enforce the measures to control the pandemic, with minimum economic losses, without disturbing the food supply chain and re-enforcing the food security of their citizens.
Increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns impact plants biotic constrainers worldwide affecting host-pathogen relationship depending on geographical and temporal distribution of inoculum amount and cultivars... more
Increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns impact plants biotic constrainers worldwide affecting host-pathogen relationship depending on geographical and temporal distribution of inoculum amount and cultivars susceptibility. Leaf rust of rye, which is caused by the obligate biotrophic basidiomycete Puccinia recondite f. sp. secalis (Roberge ex. Desmaz) has become one of the most important limiting factors for rye production in Central and Eastern Europe. During 2019-2020 growing season, a plant-pathogen interaction profile was observed on four rye genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications in dry area from Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni in south of Romania. Adult plant partial resistance was assessed through host response and epidemiological parameters as final rust severity (FRS), area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC), coefficient of infection (CI) and infection rate (IR). The response of rye genotypes to leaf rust included different variation in resistance reaction ranging from moderately resistant (Serafino, Bintto), moderately susceptible (Inspector) and very susceptible (Suceveana). A negative and highly significant correlation of AUDPC with grain yield (r =-0.9194***) was found during 2019-2020 cropping season.
The recent statistical data and market studies have shown that the microgreens market is on a continuously upward trend in Europe and globally due to their healthier and nutritious qualities and for fast adoption of indoor and vertical... more
The recent statistical data and market studies have shown that the microgreens market is on a continuously upward trend in Europe and globally due to their healthier and nutritious qualities and for fast adoption of indoor and vertical farming especially in the cities. Worldwide the microgreens become of great interest due to their benefits for people`s health and beauty, being 40 times more nutritious than mature vegetables, increasing also the amount of available space that might be put into food production, with environmental benefits and economic profitability. The evolution of microgreens market to its real development potential depends of consumers behaviour and income level. Microgreens are considered 'desert food' by their huge potential to provide food in marginal areas affected by climate change becoming a part of sustainable farming. The present study pursued the evaluation of microgreens global market trends and forward statements in order to identify them as a potential profitable business in the era of Covid 19 pandemic when farmers should adapt food production to the new economic and social contexts. The study showed an increased consumer interest for "healthy" products, so that the change according to their behaviour shall generate an increase in the microgreens market worldwide.
The percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization was assessed for two species of Plantago: Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major, sampled from different locations. Ten samples were analyzed for each species by using the Trypan... more
The percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization was assessed for two species of Plantago: Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major, sampled from different locations. Ten samples were analyzed for each species by using the Trypan Blue staining technique. The study was intended to estimate the level of arbusculat mycorrhizal colonization (AM) of the two species of Plantago and compare the results obtained. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was on an average of 27.74% for Plantago major and 40.17% for Plantago lanceolata, the difference between the two species being of 12.43%. Trypan Blue staining provided a good contrast, fine mycorrhizal structures (hyphae and arbuscules) being emphasized on the microscope. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the means are significant for data di stributions in the two species of Plantago. Kurtosis indicator had different values, the average distribution of the species being platikurtic for Plantago lanceolata (low variabili...
Fire Blight (FB) caused by Erwinia amylovora is the most feared bacterial disease in the genus Malus and other genera belonging to Rosaceae family, causing severe losses in orchards in favourable years, unmarketable fruits quality and... more
Fire Blight (FB) caused by Erwinia amylovora is the most feared bacterial disease in the genus Malus and other genera belonging to Rosaceae family, causing severe losses in orchards in favourable years, unmarketable fruits quality and even completely trees dieback, especially in highly susceptible genotypes. Currently E. amylovora is of quarantine concern in many countries all over the world and continue to conquer new territories. During 2018-year, six apple genotypes (‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Idared’, ‘Gala’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Jonathan’), within an orchard located in the proximity of Craiova city, Romania, have been assessed for their response to the infection to Erwinia amylovora and the impact of the pathogen attack on fruits yield and quality. The response of apple genotypes to the Fire Blight (FB) attack ranged from moderately resistant/susceptible (‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’) to highly susceptible (‘Idared’, ‘Gala’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Jonathan’) depending on genetic backgro...
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) worldwide, mainly caused by Fusariumgraminearum-telemorphGibberellazeae – leading to important yield losses, reduced seed quality and accumulation of... more
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) worldwide, mainly caused by Fusariumgraminearum-telemorphGibberellazeae – leading to important yield losses, reduced seed quality and accumulation of mycotoxins such as Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Nivalenol (NIV) which are injurious to both human and animal health. Management of FHB and the associated mycotoxins have not been achieved by any single control measure. An integrated approach which includes resistant varieties, chemical and biological control and cultural control measures is critical to obtain the most efficient FHB management. The use of resistant varieties is very much welcomed by resource-poor farmers because it does not require additional cost and is environmentfriendly.
