Papers by Munteha Dinc
Olba, May 1, 2012
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DergiPark (Istanbul University), Apr 30, 2021
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Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021
Uşak’ın Sivaslı ilçesi Selçikler köyünde bulunan Sebaste antik kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde... more Uşak’ın Sivaslı ilçesi Selçikler köyünde bulunan Sebaste antik kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde Phrygia Bölgesi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Makalenin konusunu Selçikler’de 1995 yılında yapılan cami hafriyat çalışmaları sırasında açığa çıkan bir adet kapı tipli mezar steli oluşturmaktadır. Stel, üçgen bir alınlık içerisinde kemer betimine sahiptir. Kapı çerçevesi, üç fascialı olarak yapılmıştır. Çerçeve içerisindeki kapı betimi ise stel gövdesi üzerinde bezeme içeren dört panelden oluşmaktadır. Stelimizi Sebaste ve yakın çevresinden bulunan kapı tipli stellerden ayıran özelliği ise panellerdeki betimleridir. Stel tipolojik, ikonografik ve stilistik incelemelerine göre MS 2.-3. yüzyıla tarihlendirilmektedir. Bu yüzyıllar Sebaste’nin de en görkemli dönemlerini yansıtmaktadır. Kentte böyle bir mezar stelinin bulunması kentli elit sınıfın varlığı, yaşam biçimi ve ölü gömme geleneği konusunda aydınlatıcı bilgiler içermektedir.
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Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2018
Günümüzde Uşak ilinin Banaz ilçesinde bulunan Akmonia, antikçağda Phrygia'nın merkezinde yer ... more Günümüzde Uşak ilinin Banaz ilçesinde bulunan Akmonia, antikçağda Phrygia'nın merkezinde yer alan görkemli bir kenttir. Aynı zamanda bölgenin en büyük nehirlerinden Sindros (Banaz Çayı) tarafından sulanan geniş Doiantos Pedion'a (Banaz Ovası) hakim bir tepe üzerinde yer alması verimli tarım arazilerine sahip olmasını da sağlamıştır. Yazıtlardan ve buluntulardan anlaşıldığı kadarıyla sosyo-kültürel anlamda güçlü bir kent görünümü çizen Akmonia aynı zamanda İç Batı Anadolu'da antik çağdaki kara ticaretinin de geçiş yolları üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kazı yapılmaksızın, yüzey araştırmaları sırasında kentte ele geçen uzun bir zaman dilimini gösteren buluntu çeşitliliği de kentin zengin ve bir o kadar da refah düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu bizlere sunmaktadır. Çalışmada Akmonia’nın seramik repertuvarının bir bölümünü oluşturan 2017 yılı yüzey araştırmalarında bulunan Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Terra Sigillataları ve Geç Roma Dönemi kırmızı astarlı seramikleri değerlendiri...
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Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Jul 30, 2021
Uşak’ın Sivaslı ilçesi Selçikler köyünde bulunan Sebaste antik kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde... more Uşak’ın Sivaslı ilçesi Selçikler köyünde bulunan Sebaste antik kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde Phrygia Bölgesi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Makalenin konusunu Selçikler’de 1995 yılında yapılan cami hafriyat çalışmaları sırasında açığa çıkan bir adet kapı tipli mezar steli oluşturmaktadır. Stel, üçgen bir alınlık içerisinde kemer betimine sahiptir. Kapı çerçevesi, üç fascialı olarak yapılmıştır. Çerçeve içerisindeki kapı betimi ise stel gövdesi üzerinde bezeme içeren dört panelden oluşmaktadır. Stelimizi Sebaste ve yakın çevresinden bulunan kapı tipli stellerden ayıran özelliği ise panellerdeki betimleridir. Stel tipolojik, ikonografik ve stilistik incelemelerine göre MS 2.-3. yüzyıla tarihlendirilmektedir. Bu yüzyıllar Sebaste’nin de en görkemli dönemlerini yansıtmaktadır. Kentte böyle bir mezar stelinin bulunması kentli elit sınıfın varlığı, yaşam biçimi ve ölü gömme geleneği konusunda aydınlatıcı bilgiler içermektedir.
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Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Kültür Envanteri Dergisi, 2018
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With the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Directorate of Cultural Herit... more With the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums in 2017, the survey project titled "Survey of the Ancient City of Sebaste and its Surroundings" aims to carry out detailed archeological survey in Sebaste. The region where the ancient city of Sebaste is located is an area where uninterrupted life has continued for thousands of years due to its proximity to fertile plains and water resources. Before these intensive surveys, the first studies of the travelers who came to the region in the 19th century are the earliest studies in the city. Starting from the middle of the 20th century, evaluations about Sebaste began to be made in the light of the epigraphic remains on the surface, similar to other ancient cities in Anatolia.
The discovery of the city started when a person who came to the Istanbul Archeology Museums in 1963 and wanted to get information from the museum authorities about the depictions of saints. When the person realized that the depictions were important, he left the museum without giving further information. Then, in 1964, the director of the Bursa Museum contacted the Istanbul Archeology Museums for the artifacts he wanted to buy, and the museum authorities realized that these artifacts were previously brought to Istanbul Archeology Museums. As a result of a short research, it was determined that the artifacts were retrieved from the village of Selcikler, Sivaslı district of Uşak province. Realizing that an emergency of rescue excavation should be carried out in the village of Selcikler, Dr. Fıratlı conducted 13 seasons of excavations between 1966 and 1978 on behalf of the Istanbul Archeology Museums. Dr. Fıratlı not only carried out excavations here, but also tried to understand the territory of the city by conducting surveys. In addition, he wanted to establish an early example of archeology museums, which were not in every province during his research years, in Selcukler. In this regard, the people who were against him at first, then took sides with him in this struggle and helped him to lay the foundations of the museum. The artifacts that Dr. Fıratlı bought from illegal diggers and kept in the storage to be exhibited in the museum were abandoned and forgotten with his early death.
It would be appropriate to mention one of Dr. Fıratlı's memories that we come across in his notes, in order to remind how it affects the awareness of cultural preservation. While Dr. Fıratlı was buying some archaeological artifacts for the museum he wanted to create, one of the villagers came up with an artifact towards the end of the excavation season and wanted to give it to Fıratlı. However, Fıratlı said that he run out of money for that season, but he could buy it next year, this local person said that he can have it and give the money later. Fıratlı interpreted this situation as the fact that the local public has started to become conscious and they want these artifacts to stay in their country rather than selling them to outlanders. In addition, he also states that there are families who carry out illegal excavations in the whole district and make their living with the money they earn by selling the artifacts, which they describe as “hülya parası”. According to Fıratlı these illegal excavations have started to decrease with the Selcikler rescue excavations and local people have realized that they need to protect their historical artifacts. This study aims to combine and evaluate the works done in the past by Fıratlı in Sebaste with today’s works.
Specialists in different fields have participated in the intensive surveys carried out in Sebaste since 2017. In this context, investigations were made to determine the borders of Sebaste in the ancient period and to reveal the settlement history. Analysis of the small finds and the archive preserved in the Istanbul Archaeological Museums, which includes unpublished reports and photographs of the rescue excavations carried out by by Fıratlı, constitute an important part of the publication in question. The research in Sebaste are important not only in terms of the history of Uşak, but also in terms of revealing the position of a city in the Western Anatolian geography and its interaction with the surrounding cities, which have not been studied in detail before.
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Tüba-Ked, 2018
Cama istenilen şekli vermek için camın eriyik halde olması ve uzun süreler gerekli ısıyı muhafaza... more Cama istenilen şekli vermek için camın eriyik halde olması ve uzun süreler gerekli ısıyı muhafaza etmesi gerekmektedir. İşte bu gereksinimlerden dolayı cam ustaları günümüze kadar pek değişmeyen formlarda cam fırınları oluşturmuşlardır. En erken cam fırını Türkiye sınırları içerisinde yer alan Hatay ili Alalah Tel-Açana Höyüğü kazılarında (MÖ 15 - 14. yüzyıl) saptanmakta, bundan yüzyıl sonra ise Mısır’da Tel Amarna’da üretime ait kalıntılar bulunmaktadır. Anadolu topraklarında Arkaik ve Klasik dönemler boyunca başlayan cam üretimi Roma ve Bizans Dönemlerinde ise zirveye ulaşmıştır. Çalışmada Ephesos, Allianoi, Metropolis, Tralleis, Tarsus, Nysa, Antiochia Ad Cragum, Sardis, Troia,
Kaunos, Aphrodisias, Labraunda, Sagalassos, Side, Ayasuluk Tepesi (St. Jean Kilisesi Kazısı), Elaiussa Sebaste, Arykanda, Side, Laodikeia, Hierapolis, Constantinopolis kentlerinin birkaçında in situ cam fırınları ile fırın kalıntısı olmamasına rağmen pota, külçe parçaları ile cam cüruflarının ele geçmesinden dolayı üretimin olduğu düşünülen
kentler ele alınmıştır.
Glass must be molten in order to give the desired shape to glass, and the required heat must be maintained for along period of time. Glassworkers seem to have not changed their pioneering designs of furnaces throughout the long period of time. The earliest glass furnace has been found at the Açana (Alalah) Mound in Hatay, Turkey (15th -14th centuries BC), and a century after this, remnants of glass production has been found in Tel Amarna, Egypt. The glass production, which has a long tradition in Anatolia, continued during the Archaic and Classical periods, and reached to its peak during the Roman and Byzantine periods. In this study, the in-situ glass furnaces in some of the sites in Western Anatolia such as Ephesos, Allianoi, Metropolis, Tralleis, Tarsus, Nysa, Antiochia Ad Cragum will be presented. In addition to these, some of the sites which do not have evidence of furnaces but evidence for some kind
of glass production (crucible, chunks, slag etc.) such as Sardis, Troia, Kaunos, Aphrodisias, Labraunda, Sagalassos, Side, Ayasuluk.
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Antik Phrygia Bölgesi’nin merkezinde yer alan Akmonia zengin epigrafik, nümizmatik ve arkeolojik ... more Antik Phrygia Bölgesi’nin merkezinde yer alan Akmonia zengin epigrafik, nümizmatik ve arkeolojik kalıntıları ile ön plana çıkmaktadır. Kentin yerleşim yeri olarak seçilmesinde coğrafi faktörlerin başlıca rol oynadığı anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca stratejik konumu sayesinde özellikle Hellenistik Dönem ve Roma Dönemi’nde doğudan batıya ve kuzeyden güneye uzanan önemli yol ağlarının da merkezinde yer almıştır. Bu durum kentin ekonomik, kültürel ve sosyal açıdan gelişmesinde büyük katkı sağlamıştır. 2014-2017 yılları arasında yürütülen yüzey araştırmalarının sonucunda elde edilen arkeolojik veriler de kentte güçlü bir yerleşimin bulunduğunu desteklemekte ve bu özgün sonuçlar ilk defa bu çalışma ile bilim dünyasına tanıtılmaktadır.
Akmonia, which is located in the center of the Ancient Phrygia Region, come into prominence rich epigraphic, numismatic and archaeological ruins. It was understood that geographic factors played a major role in the selection of the city as a settlement. Also, the city's strategic location has taken place in the center of important road networks extending from east to west and north to south, especially in the Hellenistic period and Roman period. This situation had contributed greatly to the economic, cultural and social development of the city. The archaeological data obtained from the surveys conducted between 2014-2017 support to finding strong a settlement in the city and these original results are introduced to the scientific world for the first time with this study.
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Tarsus ‘Tarsus Müzesi Taş Eserleri, Heykeltıraşlık ve Mimari Plastik Eserler’ yayını, ‘Silifke Mü... more Tarsus ‘Tarsus Müzesi Taş Eserleri, Heykeltıraşlık ve Mimari Plastik Eserler’ yayını, ‘Silifke Müzesi Taş Eserler Kataloğu’ ve ‘Manisa Müzesi Heykeltıraşlık Eserleri’ çalışmamızdan sonra, müze eserlerini kapsamlı olarak ele alan üçüncü kitabımızdır. Burada, Tarsus Müzesi’ne kayıtlı ve Hellenistik Dönem’den Bizans Dönemi’nin sonuna kadar olan zaman dilimi içerisine giren toplam yüzaltmışbeş (165) eser ele alınmaktadır. Bu eserler kırkbir (41) heykel ve kabartmadan oluşan heykeltıraşlık eserini, yüzonyedi (117) adet mimari elemanı ve yedi (7) lahdi kapsamaktadır.
Bugün heykeltıraşlık eserleri Tarsus Arkeoloji Müzesi’nin salonlarında, mimari elemanlar da yine müze içinde, bahçesinde ve büyük bir kısmı ise Paulus Kuyusu ile Paulus Kilisesi’nde (Anıt Müze) sergilenmektedir.
Bazı eserlerin buluntu yerleri bilinmese de birçok eserin Tarsus ve çevresinden müzeye kazandırılması ile bağlantılı olarak, bu yayında ‘Tarsus Bölgesi’nin Roma Dönemi Sonuna Kadar Tarihi-Coğrafyası ve Yapıları’nın, Mersin Üniversitesi’nden Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erkan Alkaç tarafından, ‘Tarsus Bölgesi’nin Roma Dönemi’nden Erken Hıristiyanlık Dönemi Sonuna Kadar Tarihi-Coğrafyası ve Yapıları’nın ise Muğla, Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi’nden Prof. Dr. Ayşe Aydın tarafından ele alınması suretiyle, bölge hakkında genel bir bilgi verilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca ‘Tarsus Bölgesi Antik Kaynakları, Gezginleri, Epigrafik ve Arkeolojik Araştırmaları’ Mersin Üniversitesi’nden Gamze Tulumcu (M.A) ve Handegül Canlı (M.A) tarafından aktarılmaktadır.
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SCULPTURAL WORKSHOP(S) OF LYDIA IN THE LIGHT OF SCULPTURES FROM PHILADELPHIA AND THYATEIRA
Five s... more SCULPTURAL WORKSHOP(S) OF LYDIA IN THE LIGHT OF SCULPTURES FROM PHILADELPHIA AND THYATEIRA
Five sculptural pieces from the “Catalogue of Sculptural Pieces in the Museum of Manisa”, are evaluated here in this paper in detail, as they offer clues to the production, originality and workshop of the finds from Philadelphia and Thyateira which are exhibited in the Museum of Manisa. Four of these five pieces are carved as Herms and are of Philadelphian provenance. The fifth is a relief head from Thyateira by Akhisar. Philadelphia and Thyateira are both important cities of the Lydian region.
One of the Herms discussed in this paper is a triple Herm and carries the heads of Dionysus, Satyr and Silenus.The other three herm carry the double head of Satyr and Eros. The last piece of this paper is a relief of Medusa from Thyateira. The stylistic characteristics of the Philadelphian triple and double Herms clearly show they were produced in the same workshop.
The unfinished Philadelphian Satyr is the best proof for sculptural production in the city. The Thyateiran Medusa relief also has the same iconographical and stylistic characteristics with the Philadelphian works. Philadelphian and Thyateiran pieces provide new evidence of sculptural production in this region. Philadelphian statue production followed the trend of statues with widely known Roman iconographies and typologies which reflect Greek originated but revived Hellenistic models.
Keywords: Roman Sculpture, Herm, Manisa Museum, Philadelphia, Thyateira.
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Editorship by Munteha Dinc
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Books by Munteha Dinc
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Book Chapters by Munteha Dinc
Annales Du 21e Congrès De L’assocıatıon Internatıonale Pour L’hıstoıre Du Verre 2018, 2021
In association with the archaeological
surface survey, certain researches were conducted
in Uşak ... more In association with the archaeological
surface survey, certain researches were conducted
in Uşak province and its districts in
the years 2014-2017. The discoveries revealed
that the city existed continuously from
the Late Classical Period to the end of the
Middle Byzantine Period. Besides ceramics,
imported from many different districts showing
the prosperity of the city, the number of
the glass recovered is also noteworthy and
they are among the works produced by using
different techniques appealing to different areas
of use. These finds include shards from
glass windows and tesserae for architecture;
goblets, bowls, unguentaria, drinking glasses,
bottles and containers for daily use; and
bracelets, beads, and glass ring stones for
personal adornment. Besides these, what
makes the city of Akmonia important in
terms of glass finds are the glass slags used
in the production process and the unique regional/
local glass containers. The results of
the surveys conducted in 20171 in Akmonia
show that the glass forms are divided into
two groups in terms of usage areas. The first
are the window glass belonging to architectural
use and the latter are the containers for
daily use. We see that the shards from the
glass windows and tesserae have a priority
and these are followed by the bowls and the
goblets or the oil-lamps.
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Papers by Munteha Dinc
The discovery of the city started when a person who came to the Istanbul Archeology Museums in 1963 and wanted to get information from the museum authorities about the depictions of saints. When the person realized that the depictions were important, he left the museum without giving further information. Then, in 1964, the director of the Bursa Museum contacted the Istanbul Archeology Museums for the artifacts he wanted to buy, and the museum authorities realized that these artifacts were previously brought to Istanbul Archeology Museums. As a result of a short research, it was determined that the artifacts were retrieved from the village of Selcikler, Sivaslı district of Uşak province. Realizing that an emergency of rescue excavation should be carried out in the village of Selcikler, Dr. Fıratlı conducted 13 seasons of excavations between 1966 and 1978 on behalf of the Istanbul Archeology Museums. Dr. Fıratlı not only carried out excavations here, but also tried to understand the territory of the city by conducting surveys. In addition, he wanted to establish an early example of archeology museums, which were not in every province during his research years, in Selcukler. In this regard, the people who were against him at first, then took sides with him in this struggle and helped him to lay the foundations of the museum. The artifacts that Dr. Fıratlı bought from illegal diggers and kept in the storage to be exhibited in the museum were abandoned and forgotten with his early death.
It would be appropriate to mention one of Dr. Fıratlı's memories that we come across in his notes, in order to remind how it affects the awareness of cultural preservation. While Dr. Fıratlı was buying some archaeological artifacts for the museum he wanted to create, one of the villagers came up with an artifact towards the end of the excavation season and wanted to give it to Fıratlı. However, Fıratlı said that he run out of money for that season, but he could buy it next year, this local person said that he can have it and give the money later. Fıratlı interpreted this situation as the fact that the local public has started to become conscious and they want these artifacts to stay in their country rather than selling them to outlanders. In addition, he also states that there are families who carry out illegal excavations in the whole district and make their living with the money they earn by selling the artifacts, which they describe as “hülya parası”. According to Fıratlı these illegal excavations have started to decrease with the Selcikler rescue excavations and local people have realized that they need to protect their historical artifacts. This study aims to combine and evaluate the works done in the past by Fıratlı in Sebaste with today’s works.
Specialists in different fields have participated in the intensive surveys carried out in Sebaste since 2017. In this context, investigations were made to determine the borders of Sebaste in the ancient period and to reveal the settlement history. Analysis of the small finds and the archive preserved in the Istanbul Archaeological Museums, which includes unpublished reports and photographs of the rescue excavations carried out by by Fıratlı, constitute an important part of the publication in question. The research in Sebaste are important not only in terms of the history of Uşak, but also in terms of revealing the position of a city in the Western Anatolian geography and its interaction with the surrounding cities, which have not been studied in detail before.
Kaunos, Aphrodisias, Labraunda, Sagalassos, Side, Ayasuluk Tepesi (St. Jean Kilisesi Kazısı), Elaiussa Sebaste, Arykanda, Side, Laodikeia, Hierapolis, Constantinopolis kentlerinin birkaçında in situ cam fırınları ile fırın kalıntısı olmamasına rağmen pota, külçe parçaları ile cam cüruflarının ele geçmesinden dolayı üretimin olduğu düşünülen
kentler ele alınmıştır.
Glass must be molten in order to give the desired shape to glass, and the required heat must be maintained for along period of time. Glassworkers seem to have not changed their pioneering designs of furnaces throughout the long period of time. The earliest glass furnace has been found at the Açana (Alalah) Mound in Hatay, Turkey (15th -14th centuries BC), and a century after this, remnants of glass production has been found in Tel Amarna, Egypt. The glass production, which has a long tradition in Anatolia, continued during the Archaic and Classical periods, and reached to its peak during the Roman and Byzantine periods. In this study, the in-situ glass furnaces in some of the sites in Western Anatolia such as Ephesos, Allianoi, Metropolis, Tralleis, Tarsus, Nysa, Antiochia Ad Cragum will be presented. In addition to these, some of the sites which do not have evidence of furnaces but evidence for some kind
of glass production (crucible, chunks, slag etc.) such as Sardis, Troia, Kaunos, Aphrodisias, Labraunda, Sagalassos, Side, Ayasuluk.
Akmonia, which is located in the center of the Ancient Phrygia Region, come into prominence rich epigraphic, numismatic and archaeological ruins. It was understood that geographic factors played a major role in the selection of the city as a settlement. Also, the city's strategic location has taken place in the center of important road networks extending from east to west and north to south, especially in the Hellenistic period and Roman period. This situation had contributed greatly to the economic, cultural and social development of the city. The archaeological data obtained from the surveys conducted between 2014-2017 support to finding strong a settlement in the city and these original results are introduced to the scientific world for the first time with this study.
Bugün heykeltıraşlık eserleri Tarsus Arkeoloji Müzesi’nin salonlarında, mimari elemanlar da yine müze içinde, bahçesinde ve büyük bir kısmı ise Paulus Kuyusu ile Paulus Kilisesi’nde (Anıt Müze) sergilenmektedir.
Bazı eserlerin buluntu yerleri bilinmese de birçok eserin Tarsus ve çevresinden müzeye kazandırılması ile bağlantılı olarak, bu yayında ‘Tarsus Bölgesi’nin Roma Dönemi Sonuna Kadar Tarihi-Coğrafyası ve Yapıları’nın, Mersin Üniversitesi’nden Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erkan Alkaç tarafından, ‘Tarsus Bölgesi’nin Roma Dönemi’nden Erken Hıristiyanlık Dönemi Sonuna Kadar Tarihi-Coğrafyası ve Yapıları’nın ise Muğla, Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi’nden Prof. Dr. Ayşe Aydın tarafından ele alınması suretiyle, bölge hakkında genel bir bilgi verilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca ‘Tarsus Bölgesi Antik Kaynakları, Gezginleri, Epigrafik ve Arkeolojik Araştırmaları’ Mersin Üniversitesi’nden Gamze Tulumcu (M.A) ve Handegül Canlı (M.A) tarafından aktarılmaktadır.
Five sculptural pieces from the “Catalogue of Sculptural Pieces in the Museum of Manisa”, are evaluated here in this paper in detail, as they offer clues to the production, originality and workshop of the finds from Philadelphia and Thyateira which are exhibited in the Museum of Manisa. Four of these five pieces are carved as Herms and are of Philadelphian provenance. The fifth is a relief head from Thyateira by Akhisar. Philadelphia and Thyateira are both important cities of the Lydian region.
One of the Herms discussed in this paper is a triple Herm and carries the heads of Dionysus, Satyr and Silenus.The other three herm carry the double head of Satyr and Eros. The last piece of this paper is a relief of Medusa from Thyateira. The stylistic characteristics of the Philadelphian triple and double Herms clearly show they were produced in the same workshop.
The unfinished Philadelphian Satyr is the best proof for sculptural production in the city. The Thyateiran Medusa relief also has the same iconographical and stylistic characteristics with the Philadelphian works. Philadelphian and Thyateiran pieces provide new evidence of sculptural production in this region. Philadelphian statue production followed the trend of statues with widely known Roman iconographies and typologies which reflect Greek originated but revived Hellenistic models.
Keywords: Roman Sculpture, Herm, Manisa Museum, Philadelphia, Thyateira.
Editorship by Munteha Dinc
Books by Munteha Dinc
Book Chapters by Munteha Dinc
surface survey, certain researches were conducted
in Uşak province and its districts in
the years 2014-2017. The discoveries revealed
that the city existed continuously from
the Late Classical Period to the end of the
Middle Byzantine Period. Besides ceramics,
imported from many different districts showing
the prosperity of the city, the number of
the glass recovered is also noteworthy and
they are among the works produced by using
different techniques appealing to different areas
of use. These finds include shards from
glass windows and tesserae for architecture;
goblets, bowls, unguentaria, drinking glasses,
bottles and containers for daily use; and
bracelets, beads, and glass ring stones for
personal adornment. Besides these, what
makes the city of Akmonia important in
terms of glass finds are the glass slags used
in the production process and the unique regional/
local glass containers. The results of
the surveys conducted in 20171 in Akmonia
show that the glass forms are divided into
two groups in terms of usage areas. The first
are the window glass belonging to architectural
use and the latter are the containers for
daily use. We see that the shards from the
glass windows and tesserae have a priority
and these are followed by the bowls and the
goblets or the oil-lamps.
The discovery of the city started when a person who came to the Istanbul Archeology Museums in 1963 and wanted to get information from the museum authorities about the depictions of saints. When the person realized that the depictions were important, he left the museum without giving further information. Then, in 1964, the director of the Bursa Museum contacted the Istanbul Archeology Museums for the artifacts he wanted to buy, and the museum authorities realized that these artifacts were previously brought to Istanbul Archeology Museums. As a result of a short research, it was determined that the artifacts were retrieved from the village of Selcikler, Sivaslı district of Uşak province. Realizing that an emergency of rescue excavation should be carried out in the village of Selcikler, Dr. Fıratlı conducted 13 seasons of excavations between 1966 and 1978 on behalf of the Istanbul Archeology Museums. Dr. Fıratlı not only carried out excavations here, but also tried to understand the territory of the city by conducting surveys. In addition, he wanted to establish an early example of archeology museums, which were not in every province during his research years, in Selcukler. In this regard, the people who were against him at first, then took sides with him in this struggle and helped him to lay the foundations of the museum. The artifacts that Dr. Fıratlı bought from illegal diggers and kept in the storage to be exhibited in the museum were abandoned and forgotten with his early death.
It would be appropriate to mention one of Dr. Fıratlı's memories that we come across in his notes, in order to remind how it affects the awareness of cultural preservation. While Dr. Fıratlı was buying some archaeological artifacts for the museum he wanted to create, one of the villagers came up with an artifact towards the end of the excavation season and wanted to give it to Fıratlı. However, Fıratlı said that he run out of money for that season, but he could buy it next year, this local person said that he can have it and give the money later. Fıratlı interpreted this situation as the fact that the local public has started to become conscious and they want these artifacts to stay in their country rather than selling them to outlanders. In addition, he also states that there are families who carry out illegal excavations in the whole district and make their living with the money they earn by selling the artifacts, which they describe as “hülya parası”. According to Fıratlı these illegal excavations have started to decrease with the Selcikler rescue excavations and local people have realized that they need to protect their historical artifacts. This study aims to combine and evaluate the works done in the past by Fıratlı in Sebaste with today’s works.
Specialists in different fields have participated in the intensive surveys carried out in Sebaste since 2017. In this context, investigations were made to determine the borders of Sebaste in the ancient period and to reveal the settlement history. Analysis of the small finds and the archive preserved in the Istanbul Archaeological Museums, which includes unpublished reports and photographs of the rescue excavations carried out by by Fıratlı, constitute an important part of the publication in question. The research in Sebaste are important not only in terms of the history of Uşak, but also in terms of revealing the position of a city in the Western Anatolian geography and its interaction with the surrounding cities, which have not been studied in detail before.
Kaunos, Aphrodisias, Labraunda, Sagalassos, Side, Ayasuluk Tepesi (St. Jean Kilisesi Kazısı), Elaiussa Sebaste, Arykanda, Side, Laodikeia, Hierapolis, Constantinopolis kentlerinin birkaçında in situ cam fırınları ile fırın kalıntısı olmamasına rağmen pota, külçe parçaları ile cam cüruflarının ele geçmesinden dolayı üretimin olduğu düşünülen
kentler ele alınmıştır.
Glass must be molten in order to give the desired shape to glass, and the required heat must be maintained for along period of time. Glassworkers seem to have not changed their pioneering designs of furnaces throughout the long period of time. The earliest glass furnace has been found at the Açana (Alalah) Mound in Hatay, Turkey (15th -14th centuries BC), and a century after this, remnants of glass production has been found in Tel Amarna, Egypt. The glass production, which has a long tradition in Anatolia, continued during the Archaic and Classical periods, and reached to its peak during the Roman and Byzantine periods. In this study, the in-situ glass furnaces in some of the sites in Western Anatolia such as Ephesos, Allianoi, Metropolis, Tralleis, Tarsus, Nysa, Antiochia Ad Cragum will be presented. In addition to these, some of the sites which do not have evidence of furnaces but evidence for some kind
of glass production (crucible, chunks, slag etc.) such as Sardis, Troia, Kaunos, Aphrodisias, Labraunda, Sagalassos, Side, Ayasuluk.
Akmonia, which is located in the center of the Ancient Phrygia Region, come into prominence rich epigraphic, numismatic and archaeological ruins. It was understood that geographic factors played a major role in the selection of the city as a settlement. Also, the city's strategic location has taken place in the center of important road networks extending from east to west and north to south, especially in the Hellenistic period and Roman period. This situation had contributed greatly to the economic, cultural and social development of the city. The archaeological data obtained from the surveys conducted between 2014-2017 support to finding strong a settlement in the city and these original results are introduced to the scientific world for the first time with this study.
Bugün heykeltıraşlık eserleri Tarsus Arkeoloji Müzesi’nin salonlarında, mimari elemanlar da yine müze içinde, bahçesinde ve büyük bir kısmı ise Paulus Kuyusu ile Paulus Kilisesi’nde (Anıt Müze) sergilenmektedir.
Bazı eserlerin buluntu yerleri bilinmese de birçok eserin Tarsus ve çevresinden müzeye kazandırılması ile bağlantılı olarak, bu yayında ‘Tarsus Bölgesi’nin Roma Dönemi Sonuna Kadar Tarihi-Coğrafyası ve Yapıları’nın, Mersin Üniversitesi’nden Yrd. Doç. Dr. Erkan Alkaç tarafından, ‘Tarsus Bölgesi’nin Roma Dönemi’nden Erken Hıristiyanlık Dönemi Sonuna Kadar Tarihi-Coğrafyası ve Yapıları’nın ise Muğla, Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi’nden Prof. Dr. Ayşe Aydın tarafından ele alınması suretiyle, bölge hakkında genel bir bilgi verilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ayrıca ‘Tarsus Bölgesi Antik Kaynakları, Gezginleri, Epigrafik ve Arkeolojik Araştırmaları’ Mersin Üniversitesi’nden Gamze Tulumcu (M.A) ve Handegül Canlı (M.A) tarafından aktarılmaktadır.
Five sculptural pieces from the “Catalogue of Sculptural Pieces in the Museum of Manisa”, are evaluated here in this paper in detail, as they offer clues to the production, originality and workshop of the finds from Philadelphia and Thyateira which are exhibited in the Museum of Manisa. Four of these five pieces are carved as Herms and are of Philadelphian provenance. The fifth is a relief head from Thyateira by Akhisar. Philadelphia and Thyateira are both important cities of the Lydian region.
One of the Herms discussed in this paper is a triple Herm and carries the heads of Dionysus, Satyr and Silenus.The other three herm carry the double head of Satyr and Eros. The last piece of this paper is a relief of Medusa from Thyateira. The stylistic characteristics of the Philadelphian triple and double Herms clearly show they were produced in the same workshop.
The unfinished Philadelphian Satyr is the best proof for sculptural production in the city. The Thyateiran Medusa relief also has the same iconographical and stylistic characteristics with the Philadelphian works. Philadelphian and Thyateiran pieces provide new evidence of sculptural production in this region. Philadelphian statue production followed the trend of statues with widely known Roman iconographies and typologies which reflect Greek originated but revived Hellenistic models.
Keywords: Roman Sculpture, Herm, Manisa Museum, Philadelphia, Thyateira.
surface survey, certain researches were conducted
in Uşak province and its districts in
the years 2014-2017. The discoveries revealed
that the city existed continuously from
the Late Classical Period to the end of the
Middle Byzantine Period. Besides ceramics,
imported from many different districts showing
the prosperity of the city, the number of
the glass recovered is also noteworthy and
they are among the works produced by using
different techniques appealing to different areas
of use. These finds include shards from
glass windows and tesserae for architecture;
goblets, bowls, unguentaria, drinking glasses,
bottles and containers for daily use; and
bracelets, beads, and glass ring stones for
personal adornment. Besides these, what
makes the city of Akmonia important in
terms of glass finds are the glass slags used
in the production process and the unique regional/
local glass containers. The results of
the surveys conducted in 20171 in Akmonia
show that the glass forms are divided into
two groups in terms of usage areas. The first
are the window glass belonging to architectural
use and the latter are the containers for
daily use. We see that the shards from the
glass windows and tesserae have a priority
and these are followed by the bowls and the
goblets or the oil-lamps.