Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1990
Thirty-two actinic prurigo patients of Cree ancestry underwent human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typ... more Thirty-two actinic prurigo patients of Cree ancestry underwent human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing and were compared with 32 control subjects of Cree ancestry. We found a significantly increased frequency of HLA-A24 and Cw4 antigens and a significant decrease in the frequency of the A3 antigen in actinic prurigo patients. These HLA associations may be helpful in determining whether actinic prurigo is a distinct disease or a variant of polymorphous light eruption.
MRSA is an emerging pathogen with some characteristics differentiating it from the MRSA usually a... more MRSA is an emerging pathogen with some characteristics differentiating it from the MRSA usually associated with health care environments. CA-MRSA generally refers to an MRSA infection with onset in the community in a person and without the risk factors for health care-associated MRSA (HCA-MR-SA) 1 . In comparison with HCA-MRSA, CA-MRSA strains are generally more susceptible to antimicrobials, with the excep-tion of the beta-lactam derived drugs 1 . They have been associ-ated primarily with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) but cause significant morbidity and mortality when invasive infec-tions occur 4 . The differences between CA-MRSA and HCA-MRSA are also reflected in dissimilar genetic make-up of strains. CAMRSA strains exhibit specific virulence factors that produce cytotox-ins capable of inducing tissue necrosis. Straintyping is deter-mined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. MRSA types most fre-quently associated with community infections in Canada are CMRSA10 (USA300) an...
SUMMARYIn this case-control study, cases [community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococc... more SUMMARYIn this case-control study, cases [community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), n=79] and controls [community-associated methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (CA-MSSA), n=36] were defined as a laboratory-confirmed infection in a patient with no previous hospital-associated factors. Skin and soft tissue were the predominant sites of infection, both for cases (67·1%) and controls (55·6%). Most of the cases (79·7%) and controls (77·8%) were aged <30 years. Investigations did not reveal any significant statistical differences in acquiring a CA-MRSA or CA-MSSA infection. The most common shared risk factors included overcrowding, previous antibiotic usage, existing skin conditions, household exposure to someone with a skin condition, scratches/insect bites, and exposure to healthcare workers. Similar risk factors, identified for both CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA infections, suggest standard hygienic measures and proper treatment guidelines would be beneficial ...
D espite decades of reports calling for changes, Aboriginal chil-dren and youth continue to face ... more D espite decades of reports calling for changes, Aboriginal chil-dren and youth continue to face significant health and social disparities compared with their non-Aboriginal counterparts. The 1964 Hall Report (1), the 1996 Royal Commission Report on Aboriginal Peoples (2) and the 2002 Romanow Report (3) all called for improvements in health services and social circumstances for Aboriginal peoples in Canada. In 2008, Canada's Chief Public Health Officer Report on the State of Public Health in Canada (4) and the WHO (5) recommended reducing health and social inequi-ties for this population. In 2011, based on the Human Development Indicators of health (6), education and living standards, Canada ranked sixth out of 187 United Nations member countries (7). Yet in the same year, Canada's Auditor General reported (8) that condi-tions on some First Nations reserves had actually deteriorated since earlier reports, with increasing educational gaps and more housing in disrepair. To fur...
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have emerge... more Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have emerged as a significant issue in some Indigenous communities (including First Nations, Inuit and Métis) in Canada. Primarily associated with skin and soft-tissue infections, this organism can also result in significant morbidity and mortality. Canadian and American guidelines for managing CA-MRSA infections have been published. The specific epidemiology, microbiology and susceptibility patterns, and the social/environmental circumstances of CA-MRSA infections in Indigenous communities need to be considered for strategies to reduce transmission. While reducing household crowding and improving in-home potable water supply are optimal strategies to reduce the impact of this illness, implementing Canadian guidelines along with increased prevention strategies are recommended as interim measures.
Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien
To address the problems of recruitment and retention of family physicians in various remote locat... more To address the problems of recruitment and retention of family physicians in various remote locations in northern Saskatchewan, the University of Saskatchewan became involved through Northern Medical Services, a division of the Department of Family Medicine. The University's involvement consists of the provision of resident family-physician services, visiting consultant services, family-practise resident training, research, and a consulting role of the Medical Health Officer. This paper reviews the context in which this program was created, its role in health care in the area, and its involvement with the communities in health promotion and research.
Tissues from 45 moose and 4 cattle were collected to assess the health of country foods near uran... more Tissues from 45 moose and 4 cattle were collected to assess the health of country foods near uranium mines in northern Saskatchewan. Bone, liver, kidney, muscle and rumen contents were analyzed for uranium, radium-226 (226Ra), lead-210 (210Pb), and polonium-210 (210Po). Cesium-137 (137Cs), potassium-40 (40K), and 27 trace metals were also measured in some tissues. Within the most active mining area, Po in liver and muscle declined significantly with distance from tailings, possibly influenced by nearby natural uranium outcrops. Moose from this area had significantly higher 226Ra, 210Pb, 210Po, and 137Cs in some edible soft tissues vs. one control area. However, soil type and diet may influence concentrations as much as uranium mining activities, given that a) liver levels of uranium, 226Ra, and 210Po were similar to a second positive control area with mineral-rich shale hills and b) 210Po was higher in cattle kidneys than in all moose. Enhanced food chain transfer from rumen content...
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique
In response to concern about social health problems in Northern Saskatchewan, a Working Group on ... more In response to concern about social health problems in Northern Saskatchewan, a Working Group on Social Health was established in 1989 in the Research and Development Committee of Northern Medical Services. The Group formulated a concept of mental health in social terms; found and interpreted indicators of the extent of social health problems; identified major determinants of social health problems, barriers to effective coping and problems in providing adequate support and services; and identified strategies and program models that could be more effective in promoting social health in this region. Indicators of problems and underlying determinants are discussed, along with strategies for change. These strategies are based on a community development model, and incorporate innovation and reaffirmation of values and ways that have traditionally given people strength.
We report the draft sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes 06BA18369 (emm type 41.2, sequence type 57... more We report the draft sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes 06BA18369 (emm type 41.2, sequence type 579 [ST579]), isolated from a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) mixed with Staphylococcus aureus. This genome provides insight into the genetic composition of S. pyogenes strains associated with mixed SSTIs.
Here, we announce the draft sequence of a representative methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus a... more Here, we announce the draft sequence of a representative methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolate (06BA18369) whose strain type (spa type t311) was commonly isolated from skin and soft tissue coinfections with Streptococcus pyogenes. This strain sequence provides insight into a highly successful community-associated MSSA strain type.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1990
Thirty-two actinic prurigo patients of Cree ancestry underwent human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typ... more Thirty-two actinic prurigo patients of Cree ancestry underwent human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing and were compared with 32 control subjects of Cree ancestry. We found a significantly increased frequency of HLA-A24 and Cw4 antigens and a significant decrease in the frequency of the A3 antigen in actinic prurigo patients. These HLA associations may be helpful in determining whether actinic prurigo is a distinct disease or a variant of polymorphous light eruption.
MRSA is an emerging pathogen with some characteristics differentiating it from the MRSA usually a... more MRSA is an emerging pathogen with some characteristics differentiating it from the MRSA usually associated with health care environments. CA-MRSA generally refers to an MRSA infection with onset in the community in a person and without the risk factors for health care-associated MRSA (HCA-MR-SA) 1 . In comparison with HCA-MRSA, CA-MRSA strains are generally more susceptible to antimicrobials, with the excep-tion of the beta-lactam derived drugs 1 . They have been associ-ated primarily with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) but cause significant morbidity and mortality when invasive infec-tions occur 4 . The differences between CA-MRSA and HCA-MRSA are also reflected in dissimilar genetic make-up of strains. CAMRSA strains exhibit specific virulence factors that produce cytotox-ins capable of inducing tissue necrosis. Straintyping is deter-mined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. MRSA types most fre-quently associated with community infections in Canada are CMRSA10 (USA300) an...
SUMMARYIn this case-control study, cases [community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococc... more SUMMARYIn this case-control study, cases [community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), n=79] and controls [community-associated methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (CA-MSSA), n=36] were defined as a laboratory-confirmed infection in a patient with no previous hospital-associated factors. Skin and soft tissue were the predominant sites of infection, both for cases (67·1%) and controls (55·6%). Most of the cases (79·7%) and controls (77·8%) were aged <30 years. Investigations did not reveal any significant statistical differences in acquiring a CA-MRSA or CA-MSSA infection. The most common shared risk factors included overcrowding, previous antibiotic usage, existing skin conditions, household exposure to someone with a skin condition, scratches/insect bites, and exposure to healthcare workers. Similar risk factors, identified for both CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA infections, suggest standard hygienic measures and proper treatment guidelines would be beneficial ...
D espite decades of reports calling for changes, Aboriginal chil-dren and youth continue to face ... more D espite decades of reports calling for changes, Aboriginal chil-dren and youth continue to face significant health and social disparities compared with their non-Aboriginal counterparts. The 1964 Hall Report (1), the 1996 Royal Commission Report on Aboriginal Peoples (2) and the 2002 Romanow Report (3) all called for improvements in health services and social circumstances for Aboriginal peoples in Canada. In 2008, Canada's Chief Public Health Officer Report on the State of Public Health in Canada (4) and the WHO (5) recommended reducing health and social inequi-ties for this population. In 2011, based on the Human Development Indicators of health (6), education and living standards, Canada ranked sixth out of 187 United Nations member countries (7). Yet in the same year, Canada's Auditor General reported (8) that condi-tions on some First Nations reserves had actually deteriorated since earlier reports, with increasing educational gaps and more housing in disrepair. To fur...
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have emerge... more Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have emerged as a significant issue in some Indigenous communities (including First Nations, Inuit and Métis) in Canada. Primarily associated with skin and soft-tissue infections, this organism can also result in significant morbidity and mortality. Canadian and American guidelines for managing CA-MRSA infections have been published. The specific epidemiology, microbiology and susceptibility patterns, and the social/environmental circumstances of CA-MRSA infections in Indigenous communities need to be considered for strategies to reduce transmission. While reducing household crowding and improving in-home potable water supply are optimal strategies to reduce the impact of this illness, implementing Canadian guidelines along with increased prevention strategies are recommended as interim measures.
Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien
To address the problems of recruitment and retention of family physicians in various remote locat... more To address the problems of recruitment and retention of family physicians in various remote locations in northern Saskatchewan, the University of Saskatchewan became involved through Northern Medical Services, a division of the Department of Family Medicine. The University's involvement consists of the provision of resident family-physician services, visiting consultant services, family-practise resident training, research, and a consulting role of the Medical Health Officer. This paper reviews the context in which this program was created, its role in health care in the area, and its involvement with the communities in health promotion and research.
Tissues from 45 moose and 4 cattle were collected to assess the health of country foods near uran... more Tissues from 45 moose and 4 cattle were collected to assess the health of country foods near uranium mines in northern Saskatchewan. Bone, liver, kidney, muscle and rumen contents were analyzed for uranium, radium-226 (226Ra), lead-210 (210Pb), and polonium-210 (210Po). Cesium-137 (137Cs), potassium-40 (40K), and 27 trace metals were also measured in some tissues. Within the most active mining area, Po in liver and muscle declined significantly with distance from tailings, possibly influenced by nearby natural uranium outcrops. Moose from this area had significantly higher 226Ra, 210Pb, 210Po, and 137Cs in some edible soft tissues vs. one control area. However, soil type and diet may influence concentrations as much as uranium mining activities, given that a) liver levels of uranium, 226Ra, and 210Po were similar to a second positive control area with mineral-rich shale hills and b) 210Po was higher in cattle kidneys than in all moose. Enhanced food chain transfer from rumen content...
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique
In response to concern about social health problems in Northern Saskatchewan, a Working Group on ... more In response to concern about social health problems in Northern Saskatchewan, a Working Group on Social Health was established in 1989 in the Research and Development Committee of Northern Medical Services. The Group formulated a concept of mental health in social terms; found and interpreted indicators of the extent of social health problems; identified major determinants of social health problems, barriers to effective coping and problems in providing adequate support and services; and identified strategies and program models that could be more effective in promoting social health in this region. Indicators of problems and underlying determinants are discussed, along with strategies for change. These strategies are based on a community development model, and incorporate innovation and reaffirmation of values and ways that have traditionally given people strength.
We report the draft sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes 06BA18369 (emm type 41.2, sequence type 57... more We report the draft sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes 06BA18369 (emm type 41.2, sequence type 579 [ST579]), isolated from a skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) mixed with Staphylococcus aureus. This genome provides insight into the genetic composition of S. pyogenes strains associated with mixed SSTIs.
Here, we announce the draft sequence of a representative methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus a... more Here, we announce the draft sequence of a representative methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolate (06BA18369) whose strain type (spa type t311) was commonly isolated from skin and soft tissue coinfections with Streptococcus pyogenes. This strain sequence provides insight into a highly successful community-associated MSSA strain type.
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Papers by James Irvine