Departamento de Historia

‘Energética arquitectural’ es el análisis de la construcción edilicia en términos de la energía necesaria para la adquisición, transporte, adaptación y emplazamiento de las materias primas utilizadas. Dicha metodología analiza las construcciones, cuantificándolas en términos de esfuerzo (horas de trabajo por persona), sirviendo como análisis sobre el cual se pueden realizar evaluaciones comparativas de aspectos como el poder y complejidad en las sociedades arqueológicas.
Recientemente se ha introducido el empleo de herramientas informáticas para desarrollar modelos virtuales respecto a las energías involucradas en la construcción de la arquitectura monumental. Dichos algoritmos generan estimaciones cuantitativas de la materialidad y los hábitats, relacionando variables como demografía, especialización económica y desigualdades sociales.
Este trabajo introducirá el concepto de ‘energética arquitectual’, como metodología complementaria a diferentes enfoques interpretativos en la arqueología, en particular la espacial. La finalidad concreta del mismo es doble. Primero, metodológicamente, desarrollar un procedimiento para realizar una cuantificación del esfuerzo invertido en la construcción de las estructuras artificiales de tres sitios de estudio mediante la estimación de los volúmenes concretos de material movilizado, en lugar de una estimación basada sólo en las magnitudes básicas de esas estructuras (alto y ancho), que es lo más habitual en la literatura relacionada. Para cuantificar estos volúmenes se emplearon modelos digitales de elevaciones realizados a partir de datos LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging).
Segundo, más interpretativamente, efectuar una comparación de los resultados de dicha cuantificación en los tres sitios elegidos. Estos sitios se adscriben a la segunda Edad del Hierro en el interior de la actual Galicia, pero proceden de zonas para las que se propuso la existencia de contextos socio- políticos de diferente complejidad en ese momento: interior de Lugo, cuenca media del Miño y el área sudoriental de Ourense. Comparar dichos casos permitirá realizar una aportación preliminar al debate acerca de la naturaleza de esas diferencias en las formas de organización social, política y comunitaria entre estas dos regiones del noroeste al final de la Edad del Hierro.

Ewing sarcoma is a rare and lethal malignant bone tumor, mostly affecting young male patients, and has a predilection for the femur, tibia, pelvis, and humerus. Based on the use of improved staging systems, chemotherapy, radiation, and resective surgery, actually most patients live and retain function of their limbs. The concept of limb-sparing surgery has evolved over the last three decades and has become as effective as amputation in treating extremity sarcoma. Many centers have abandoned traditional reconstruction with avascular allografts, resection arthrodesis in favor of metallic endoprosthesis, or fibula free flap for long bone defects. The ipsilateral fibular pedicled flap is an excellent choice for tibial, large, segmental defects reconstruction, because it has a low rate of infection and malunion; the functional outcome is good and avoids contralateral donor site morbidity, and it is less time-consuming than free fibula flap. It also provides the advantage of one-stage reconstruction. We report a case of a 12-year-old patient with history of Ewing sarcoma on the 1/3 of the upper tibia. The bone defect after tumor excision was 12 cm; the flap was dissected until the vascular pedicle, rotated to 180°, and fixed with plate in T and screws. The patient had successful bone union and achieved good functional results at the end of the 1-year follow-up period. Full weight-bearing was achieved within 7 months. This technique should be considered for reconstructing large and complex bone defects resulting from tumor extirpation.

Background and aims. Metastatic spread of a distant tumor to the rectum is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there have been no published reports of hematogenic metastasis from a renal cell carcinoma to the rectum. Patients and methods. A patient with a renal cell carcinoma was initially treated by a radical right nephrectomy. Results. Nine months after the surgery he started to have multiple episodes of hematochezia. Colonoscopy showed a nodular lesion located in the distal rectum, and biopsy revealed an undifferentiated carcinoma. The patient then underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum, and histological examination showed metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma. Conclusion. This case represents an exceedingly rare condition, which has never been reported before.

Brazil has an important role in the biomass burning, with the detection of approximately 100,000 burning spots in a single year (2007). Most of these spots occur in the southern part of the Amazon basin during the dry season (from August to november) and these emissions reach the southeast of the country, a highly populated region and with serious urban air pollution problems. With the growing demand on biofuels, sugarcane is considerably expanding in the state of Sao Paulo, being a strong contributor to the bad air quality in this region. In the state of Sao Paulo, the main land use are pasture and sugarcane crop, that covers around 50% and 10% of the total area, respectively. Despite the aerosol from sugarcane burning having reduced atmospheric residence time, from a few days to some weeks, they might get together with those aerosol which spread over long distances (hundreds to thousands of kilometers). In the period of June through February 2010 a LIDAR observation campaign was carried in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in order to observe and characterize optically the aerosols from two distinct sources, namely, sugar cane biomass burning and industrial emissions. For this purpose 2 LIDAR systems were available, one mobile and the other placed in a laboratory, both working in the visible (532 nm) and additionally the mobile system had a Raman channel available (607 nm). Also this campaign counted with a SODAR, a meteorological RADAR specially set up to detect aerosol "echoes" and gas-particle analyzers. To guarantee a good regional coverage 4 distinct sites were available to deploy the instruments, 2 in the near field of biomass burning activities (Rio Claro and Bauru), one for industrial emissions (Cubatao) and others from urban sources (Sao Paulo). The whole campaign provide the equivalent of 30 days of measurements which allowed us to get aerosol optical properties such as backscattering/extinction coefficients, scatter and LIDAR ratios, those were used to correlate with air quality and meteorological indicators and quantities. In this paper we should focus on the preliminary results of the Raman LIDAR system and its derived aerosol optical quantities.

Comunicación presentada al Coloquio Internacional celebrado en la Facultad de Humanidades y Documentación de la Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de Esteiro, Ferrol, los días 2 y 3 de junio de 2022, organizado y coordinado por el Prof. Manuel Reyes García Hurtado, uno de los IP del proyecto CULTURBAN

Comunicación presentada al IV Congreso Internacional sobre La Historia Moderna y la Enseñanza Secundaria, celebrado en la Universidad de Sevilla los días 20, 21 y 22 de octubre de 2022, y organizado por la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (Seminario de Historia Social de la Población) en colaboración con la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna y la Asociación Hespérides de profesores de Geografía e Historia de Andalucía