Phone: +6-019 450 7576 Address: Pusat Kajian Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam (ISDEV), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
E-mail: hshukeri@yahoo.com; hshukeri@gmail.com.
Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi Islam, Vol 5, No 1, Maret 2020, 1-16, 2020
This paper attempts to seek answers, Firstly, it intends to
identify Jahiliyyah practices that ar... more This paper attempts to seek answers, Firstly, it intends to identify Jahiliyyah practices that are allegedly accepted and practiced in Islam. Secondly, to analyze the worldview of these Jahiliyyah-origin practices within an Islamic worldview construct. The analysis was based on selected practices of the Jahiliyyah that were adopted by Rasulullah SAW. This historiography study concludes that the similarities of these practices, if any, eventhough are similar to those practiced by the Jahiliyyah, were only restricted to its names and terms, while the structure and roots were revamped by Rasulullah SAW. The divine revelations received by Rasulullah SAW are proof that Islam is absolutely free from Jahiliyyah practices. The arguments used by those who advocate the use of conventional ideas to solve problems related to Islam are therefore, incorrect.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (IJ-ARBSS), Vol. 8, No. 4, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, ISSN: 2222-6990, DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i4/4049, p. 637-655 (International). (ERA-Indexed), 2018
Discussions and studies on halal science are important when considering the needs of contemporary... more Discussions and studies on halal science are important when considering the needs of contemporary Muslims, which is becoming increasingly challenging. Its development encompasses all parties, including the government, industrial practitioners, academicians and society itself. Thus, some questions arise as to what philosophy of halal science was used in previous studies and what are the thoughts of Islamic science philosophers about the philosophy of halal science. This working paper had two objectives, namely to identify the philosophy of halal science in previous studies and analyse it based on the thoughts of contemporary Islamic science philosophers. This library study-based paper found that the actual philosophy of halal science hinged on tauhid and wahyu, while humans need to play the role of khalifah and subjects of Allah SWT, as decreed. Besides that, the philosophy of halal science cannot be influenced by Western scientific thought such as scientism, secular knowledge, dualism in the field of knowledge etc. This is to ensure the position of religion as well as solve the problem of halal science in society using a holistic approach.
Maqasid al-syariah is a discipline of knowledge in the field of usul al-fiqh that has currently g... more Maqasid al-syariah is a discipline of knowledge in the field of usul al-fiqh that has currently gained much attention. It has been applied in various fields of human life, such as politics, economy, education and Islamic jurisprudence. The main factor that encourages its use is that this discipline of knowledge includes all aspects of human life and is suitable with the expanding globalization era. Lately, various branches and trends in maqasid al-syariah have emerged. Some lines of thoughts have used maqasid al-syariah based on the presumption that Islamic religious decrees issued by previous ulama are behind time and not suitable anymore. Hence, this kind of line of thought also exists in Islamic economy, which takes the approach of accepting and improving conventional economic thought and adapting it as Islamic economy. The question is whether this line of thinking applies maqasid al-syariah only as a following or as a trend in recent times. Thus, this study aimed to examine the maqasid al-syariah line of thought in mainstream Islamic economics. This qualitative study had used secondary data that were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings showed that Islamic economy wholly based on maqasid al-syariah could produce a true Islamic economy.
Consumerism is one discipline of social science that is important in an Islamic system of life. B... more Consumerism is one discipline of social science that is important in an Islamic system of life. Basically, all forms of expenditure, financial management, consumerism procedures either involving the household, office administration, institution, organization or nation needs to be planned and managed as best as possible. This is to avoid various socio-economic problems such as fraud in financial transactions, wastage, culture of huge debts and halal issues related to consumers. This is according to the capitalist economic system widely used currently, which says that consumers are rational if they maximise material utility. Therefore, in line with the halal-green concept that exist in numerous fields and adopted universally, the investigation of the halal-green concept is crucial as it is the basic approach that designs the type of consumerism. Hence, this working paper aims to examine and analyse the halal-green consumerism concept in al-Qur’an. The question is, what is the halal-green consumerism concept? What is structure of the halal-green consumerism concept? To answer these questions, this working paper was written solely by using secondary data that were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings showed that integral features of the halal-green consumerism concept could be used to counter consumerism-ghuluw issues (to consume according to wants and instinctual inclination) in a more holistic and comprehensive manner.
Various researches have been carried out by Islamic academicians, especially Islamic academicians... more Various researches have been carried out by Islamic academicians, especially Islamic academicians from the past, related to fields they had explored such as beliefs (aqidah), Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), mystical dimensions of Islam (tasawuf), interpretation (tafsir), hadith, astronomy (falak), philosophy etc. These academicians had used various research methods when exploring their fields of study. Hence, most of these research methods have yet to be studied before they could be applied as methods in Islamic research. It is for this reason that this study aims to study one the research methods used by past Islamic religious scholars, which is the thematic (al-mawdu'iy) hadith method. The two questions that arise in this study are, what is the thematic hadith method? and how can the method be applied in research related to Islam?. In order to answer these questions, the discussions in this study were divided into two main parts. The first is to identify the thematic hadith method used by the muhaddithin (scholars of the hadith) when elaborating on the Prophet's SAW hadith. The second is to analyse the suitability of applying the thematic hadith method in a study related to Islam. The quantitative study found that the thematic hadith method was suitable for application in studies related to Islam. The suitability was based on two aspects, namely rating the sources of the data and analysing the data.
Halal and green concepts exist in numerous fields of study and are accepted universally. Neverthe... more Halal and green concepts exist in numerous fields of study and are accepted universally. Nevertheless, there are still some related issues. First, both these concepts are applied separately although it is important to integrate them so that to create a management model that is holistic and comprehensive by incorporating both the physical and spiritual values. Second, the formation and implementation of the current halal and green concepts is eclectic and superficial in character because it focuses too much on tangible elements and materialistic achievements. Based on these issues, this working paper intended to study and build a halal-green concept based on the main source of Islamic knowledge, which al-Qur'an. The study and development was initiated based on the halalan tayyiban concept found in al-Qur'an using the thematic exegesis method. The findings showed that the halal-green concept emphasised tangible elements without neglecting the intangible elements, namely the spiritual and emotional (qalbu) elements. The concept also contains three dimensions such as the relationship between humans and Allah SWT as the Creator, the relationship amongst humans and the relationship between humans and nature. The integration of the halal and green concepts could be used to solve management issues in a more holistic and comprehensive manner.
Dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis yang diguna pakai secara meluas pada ketika ini, seseorang... more Dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis yang diguna pakai secara meluas pada ketika ini, seseorang yang membelanjakan pendapatannya bagi tujuan memaksimumkan utiliti material merupakan sesuatu yang rasional dan digalakkan. Hal ini kerana penggunaan utiliti material yang maksimum dijadikan sebagai ukuran kemajuan. Dengan itu, semakin tinggi kepenggunaan utiliti material, semakin tinggilah tahap kemajuan. Walau bagaimanapun, memaksimumkan penggunaan utiliti bagi mencapai kepuasan material sebegini boleh menimbulkan kesan negatif terutamanya masalah keberhutangan yang serius dan muflis. Masalah ini berlaku apabila para pengguna membelanjakan pendapatannya bagi tujuan memaksimumkan kepuasan material melampaui kemampuan. Justeru, mereka terpaksa berhutang. Sebagai umat Islam, bagaimanakah penggunaan yang sepatutnya diamalkan? Apakah ukurannya juga berasaskan kepenggunaan utiliti yang maksimum seperti dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis yang banyak diamalkan sekarang ataupun terdapat ukuran yang khusus hingga melahirkan satu bentuk kepenggunaan yang unik? Berhubung isu inilah, makalah ini bertujuan meneliti fenomena kepenggunaan dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis dan meneroka satu model kepenggunaan yang lebih berhemah dan terbaik (wasatiyyah). Dalam perkataan lain, ia dikenali sebagai kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah. Bagi mencapai objektif ini, kajian ini hanya melibatkan penerokaan idea berkaitan model kepenggunaan wasatiyyah. Hasilnya ia menemukan model kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah yang berfalsafahkan tauhid, tahap kepenggunaan yang berakar umbikan komponen maqasid al-syari‘ah dan bermatlamatkan mencapai keredaan Allah SWT.
Kata Kunci: kepenggunaan, wasatiyyah, fenomena, ekonomi, liberal-kapitalis
The knowledge on fardu ‘ayn (personally obligatory knowledge) lends basic understanding about Isl... more The knowledge on fardu ‘ayn (personally obligatory knowledge) lends basic understanding about Islam. Hence, this paper generally intends to obtain a scientific research mould based on Islamic understanding in order to carry out research on Islam. Specifically, the mould would be examined based on Ibn al-Haytham’s role in scientific research and the analysis carried out from the fardu ‘ayn perspective. This paper had explored the congruency between the role of Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research and the fardu ‘ayn concept by using the content analysis method. The discussion is divided into three main sections. The first section discusses the fardu ‘ayn concept and its application. The second section examines the role of Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research, while the third section analyses the congruence of the two previous discussions to build a scientific research mould for studying Islam. The findings showed that three scientific research moulds could be built for conducting research on Islam. The first is tawhid, as the core of the scientific research. The second is fiqh, which creates a scientific research dimension, while the third is morality or akhlaq, which gives life or a positive image to scientific research.
This paper aims to examine the relationship between ethnoastronomy with maritime activities. Ethn... more This paper aims to examine the relationship between ethnoastronomy with maritime activities. Ethnoastronomy here refers to phenomenon like solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, and the lunar cycles, while maritime activity refers to the phenomenon of the tides, the waves, the wind, a bright and a dark moon, and so on. The question is, is it true that astronomical phenomenon causes changes to maritime activities? Does it also affect ocean life which should be taken into account by fishermen? To answer both of these questions, this study will only highlight studies and previous works related to the connection between astronomical phenomenon with maritime activity. Finally, this paper will conclude that astronomical phenomenon like solar eclipses, lunar eclipses and lunar cycles do cause changes to maritime activities such as tides, wave conditions, the wind, the light and dark moon and so on. Indirectly, all these factors affect ocean life and should be considered by fishermen, especially in order to firstly, determine their revenue and secondly, to ensure their own safety.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (IJ-ARBSS), 2017
This paper discusses the distribution of zakat funds to the asnaf (those who qualify to receive z... more This paper discusses the distribution of zakat funds to the asnaf (those who qualify to receive zakat funds) by focusing on the non-Muslim asnaf-mualafs (those who have left their original religion to embrace Islam). According to the al-Qur'an, a mualaf is a person whose heart has accepted Islam. An asnaf-mualaf could be categorised into either a Muslim or a non-Muslim. The question is what are the interpretations of the word mualaf according to the ulama in the field of interpretation as well as according to the Assembly of Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA). Thus, by using the content analysis and in-depth interview methods, the discussion in this paper was divided into two sections. The first section discussed the interpretations as well as the characteristics of asnaf-mualaf by the ulama in the field of interpretation. Whereas, the second section involved the interpretation offered by the Ulama in the Assembly of Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA). The findings show that the Ulama in the field of interpretation had interpreted the mualaf to be a Muslim as well as a non-Muslim mualaf; meanwhile, the ulama at the Assembly of Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA) emphasised more on asnaf-Muslims. This is because the Assembly of Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA) had given an interpretation based on the al-Syafi'iy sect and also previous Ulama that had permitted the distribution of zakat funds to only Muslims.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (IJ-ARBSS), 2017
The demeanour of the asnaf is one of the reasons the asnaf are late in receiving zakat assistance... more The demeanour of the asnaf is one of the reasons the asnaf are late in receiving zakat assistance from the Zakat Management Centre (ZMC) under the Council for Islamic Religion and Malay Customs of Terengganu (MAIDAM). This demeanour here refers to the behaviour of the asnaf when applying for zakat assistance. There are various demeanours of the asnaf, either exhibited during or after they apply for zakat assistance at ZMC-MAIDAM. However, this study only focused on the demeanour of the asnaf after they applied for zakat at ZMC-MAIDAM. In order to answer this question, this working paper has two objectives. First would be to identify the asnaf's demeanour after they apply for zakat assistance at ZMC-MAIDAM and the second would be to analyse the reason(s) for the asnaf's demeanour. This study had used both secondary and primary data. The secondary data was collected through library research while the primary data was collected through observations and interviews. All the data were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings showed various demeanours of the asnaf after they applied for zakat assistance. For example, they were persistently badgering the officials at MAIDAM, frequently calling up MAIDAM or visiting MAIDAM to enquire about their application and making a second application within a short period of the first application.
Keywords: Behaviour, asnaf (those who qualify to receive zakat), assistance, zakat
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (IJ-ARBSS), 2017
The state Islamic religious authorities in Malaysia distribute zakat funds only to Muslims. In th... more The state Islamic religious authorities in Malaysia distribute zakat funds only to Muslims. In this situation, two questions arise: What about the non-Muslims who are poor and in-need? Are these groups of people not eligible for Zakat Funds? The current paper aims to analyse the distribution of zakat funds by state Islamic religious authorities in Malaysia to non-Muslims. The two aspects analysed were the practise of zakat fund distribution to non-Muslims during the times of the Prophet (PBUH), and the Rashidun Caliphate. In this aspect, the views of classical scholars were considered. The second aspect is the view of contemporary scholars in Malaysia regarding the distribution of zakat funds to non-Muslims. This aspect was argued in the interest of the current set up, as the distribution of zakat funds to non-Muslims must be seriously examined by the state Islamic religious authorities.
ABSTRAK Dalam membangunkan negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, ada seset... more ABSTRAK Dalam membangunkan negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, ada sesetengah pihak dalam kalangan umat Islam mendakwa teori pembangunan lazim (PL) boleh digunakan asalkan ia tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Pemikiran sebegini telah lama wujud dalam ekonomi Islam. Ia dikenali sebagai aliran pemikiran akomodatif-modifikasi dengan sifat elektisme-metodologik. Berhubung isu inilah, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mencapai dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti latar belakang kemunculan teori PL serta tasawurnya dan kedua, menganalisis tasawur teori PL tersebut daripada perspektif tasawur Islam. Kajian kualitatif yang berbentuk penjelasan ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis elemen-elemen tasawur teori PL. Kajian ini mendapati teori PL tidak boleh digunakan untuk membangunkan negara-negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, kerana falsafah atau tasawurnya jelas berpaksikan Falsafah Pasca-Klasikal dan Falsafah Radikal. Apabila teori PL berpaksikan kedua-dua falsafah ini, maka matlamat akhir pembangunan itu hanya terhad untuk mendapatkan keuntungan ekonomi semata-mata; manusia dianggap sebagai makhluk ekonomi; menafikan Allah SWT sebagai Pencipta sumber alam; agama dianggap sebagai alat pembangunan dan elemen-elemen asas tasawurnya hanya berbentuk mendatar (tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan Allah SWT).
Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlan... more Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlandaskan pengajaran daripada kasus konflik politik yang terjadi antara Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib r.a. dengan Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan. Konflik politik ini terjadi apabila kedua-dua pihak menginginkan suatu keperluan yang sama. Hal ini ditambah dengan adanya hambatan daripada kedua-dua belah pihak. Dengan itu berlakulah pertembungan nilai, kepentingan, tindakan, hala tuju, status dan berbagai-bagai keinginan. Kemuncak dari itu, tercetuslah pula pelbagai strategi politik dan peperangan. Tidak kira sama ada konflik yang berlaku itu kecil atau besar, ia perlu dikelolakan melalui metode yang baik bagi menjamin keutuhan, kestabilan, keamanan dan kemakmuran Negara sentiasa terpelihara. Persoalannya, apakah metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlandaskan pengajaran kasus konflik politik Ali-Mu'awiyah? Bagi menjawab persoalan ini, perbincangan dalam makalah ini terbahagi kepada dua bahagian. Pertama, membincangkan kasus konflik politik Ali-Mu'awiyah; dan kedua, membincangkan metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlandaskan pengajaran daripada kasus konflik politik Ali-Mu'awiyah tersebut. Kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode analisis kandungan ini mendapati metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlandaskan pengajaran daripada kasus konflik politik Ali-Mu'awiyah mempunyai beberapa elemen iaitu berpandukan tasawur al-Qur'an dan al-Sunnah; menggunakan kebijaksanaan dengan bertunjangkan keikhlasan; berwaspada dengan musuh; istiqamah; mengetepikan penglibatan pihak luar; dan menyelidiki sesuatu maklumat yang disebarkan.
Abstact
This paper aims to examine and analyze the political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of the political conflicts between Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib R.A. with Mu'awiya bin Abi Sufyan. The political conflict occurred when both parties want a similar requirement. This coupled with the constraints of both parties. With that act the clash of values, interests, action, direction, status and various desires. The highlight of it, I settled on was a political strategy and war. Regardless of whether the conflict is small or large, it should be managed through a good method to ensure the integrity, stability, security and prosperity of the country is preserved. The question is whether the political conflict management methods based teaching political conflicts Ali, Muawiya? To answer this question, the discussion in this paper is divided into two parts. First, discuss the case of Ali, Muawiya political conflict; and second, to discuss political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of Ali-political conflict that Mu'awiya. A qualitative study using content analysis found political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of Ali, Muawiya political conflict has several elements, which are
This paper intends to identify the epistemology of Ibn al-Haytham's scientific thoughts and analy... more This paper intends to identify the epistemology of Ibn al-Haytham's scientific thoughts and analyse it based on tasawwur al-Qur'an (Qur'anic worldview). The discussions on epistemology are closely related to the source and methodology of obtaining knowledge. Ibn al-Haytham is one the earliest Islamic scholars to base his research on scientific methods. However, today's modern scientific methods that are driven by logical positivism philosophy usually lay importance on data that can be observed by the senses and is rational to the mind. The question is how Ibn al-Haytham obtains scientific knowledge? What method does he use to ascertain that the science is in accordance with the guidelines of the al-Qur'an? Hence, by using the content analysis method, this paper intends to answer these questions. The discussions are divided into two sections. The first section identifies the Ibn al-Haytham's scientific epistemology. The second deals with the analysis based on tasawwur al-Qur'an. The findings showed that Ibn al-Haytham's scientific epistemology is based on observation by the senses, cognitive reasoning, intuition and a belief in nature's (sunnatullah) according to the al-Qur'an. Therefore, it could be concluded that his scientific epistemology is in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the al-Qur'an.
There are various methods used to determine the arrival of Ramadan (fasting) and Syawal in South ... more There are various methods used to determine the arrival of Ramadan (fasting) and Syawal in South East Asia. Malaysia and Indonesia use the rukyah (sighting of the moon) and hisab (mathematical calculations), Singapore uses the hisab while Brunei only uses the rukyah method. These differences are due to the different basis for using a certain method to determine the arrival of Ramadan and Syawal. The basis here refers to religious references and forms of istidlal (inferences). The question is, what religious references are used to substantiate the adoption of the rukyah method in Brunei? What is their form of istidlal based on the religious references? To answer all these questions this study has two objectives. Firstly, it intends to determine the religious references that act as the basis for using the rukyah method in Brunei. Secondly, to analyse the different forms of istidlal based on the religious references. In order to achieve these objectives, this qualitative study used library research and expert interview methods for collecting data. All the data were analysed using the content analysis method. Lastly, this study concluded that religious references from the al-Qur'an and Hadith used as a basis for applying the rukyah method in Brunei is similar to the religious references used as a basis for applying rukyah and hisab in other South East Asian countries. The only difference is the various forms of istidlal.
Scientific methodology was first introduced in the social science discipline through Émile Durkhe... more Scientific methodology was first introduced in the social science discipline through Émile Durkheim’s work entitled Rules of Sociological Method. Nevertheless, research methodology is presumed to be inadequate when wholly applied in Islamic-based research because it has limitations when studying Islam and Muslims. This indicates the importance of re-examining the scientific approach when formulating an Islamic research methodology. Based on historiographical sources, the scientific methodology was first explored by a Muslim intellectual named Ibn al-Haytham. The question is, what is the philosophy entrenched in Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research? Moreover, is his philosophy adequate to develop Islamic research methodology? Hence, this paper intends to identify the philosophy behind Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research and analyze its suitability with the Islamic research methodology. Thus, by using content analysis, the discussions are arranged into three sections. First, is to identify the basis of Islamic research methodology. Second, is to examine Ibn al-Haytham’s philosophy on scientific research. Third, is to analyze the compatibility between the two subjects. The study has found that Ibn al-Haytham’s philosophy on scientific research has the strength from the aspect of tasawwur (worldview), epistemology, ontology, tools of analysis and the final aim of a study. Hence, his concept is fit to be applied in the Islamic research methodology.
Keywords: Ibn al-Haytham, Philosophy, Scientific research, Islamic research methodology, Tasawwur
Mohd Syahmir Alias & Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “Ibn Al-Haytham’s Philosophy on Scientific Research Applied in Islamic Research Methodology: Analysis from Tasawwur, Epistemology and Ontology Perspectives”, International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology (IJBHT), Vol. 5, No. 1, February, ISSN 2162-1357 (Print), 2162-1381 (Online), Centre for Promoting Ideas (CPI), USA, p.p 83-93.
This working paper intends to examine the Islamic worldview (tasawwur) that has designed the Mala... more This working paper intends to examine the Islamic worldview (tasawwur) that has designed the Malaysian Syariah Index (MSI). The MSI is one of the Islamic based Development Index (IbD-i) built based on the five elements of maqasid syariah, which are preservation of religion, the soul, heredity, the mind and property. The aim of the index is to measure and evaluate Malaysia’s level of seriousness in enhancing the level of syariah compliance in every policy and administrative program as well as national development. As a pioneering initiative and newly introduced, the worldview aspect is among the main issues that should be emphasized because this aspect would design the entire operational level of the MSI. Some quarters, especially among the mainstream developers of Islam, have alleged that conventional worldview is applicable in building MSI as long as it is not contrary to aqidah (staunch belief) and Islamic syariah. The question is what kind of worldview would design the MSI? Is it designed by Islamic worldview or otherwise? This working paper would endeavour to answer both these questions by focusing on two main issues. First, to determine which worldview designs the MSI; second, to analyze the MSI worldview element that was identified. This study uses the library research method by analysing the contents of documents related to MSI. The study found that MSI is moulded according to the element of tawhid (oneness of Allah), which is the main element in Islamic worldview and inevitably the worldview regarding IbD-i
Keywords: worldview, index, maqasid syariah, Islamic-based development
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “The Islamic-Based Development Index (IBD-I) Worldview: A Case of The Malaysian Syariah Index (MSI)”, Asia Pasific Journal of Advanced Business and Social Studies (APJABSS), Vol. 1, Issue 1, ISSN (eBook): 978 0 9943656 7 5, Asia Pasific Institute of Advanced Research (APIAR), Adelaide, Australia, p.p 168-179.
Any subject relating to religion is usually under the jurisdiction of the Sultan or ruler. Every ... more Any subject relating to religion is usually under the jurisdiction of the Sultan or ruler. Every country has a religious institution in executing religious matter. Among the subjects considered as religious matter is the determination of the arrival of Shawwal. In determining the beginning of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam, there surely is a predetermined SOP. The question is what is the SOP in determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam? Under which enactment is it allocated? Who is involved in executing the SOP? To answer all of these questions, this study has two main objectives. First, to identify the SOP of determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam; second, to analyze the application of the SOP in determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam. In order to achieve these objectives, this qualitative study adopted the method of literature review and interview of experts in collecting data. All data were analyzed using content analysis method. Finally, this paper concludes that the determination of the arrival of Shawwal is based on Mimbar Fatwa 5 Negara Brunei Darussalam, and allocated under 29 of the Syariah Courts Act 1998. The Chief Syari’e Judge is responsible in the rukyah of the new moon with the help of the Syariah Judges, Officers of the Survey Department, Ministry of Development and the Officials of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Because Brunei Darussalam used the rukyah method solely, it has its own SOP in accordance to the principle of fatwa and the allocated act.
Keywords: method, determining, rukyah, hisab, moon, standard operating procedure (SOP)
Shahir Akram Hassan & Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in Determining the Arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam”, Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Vol. 10, Issue 10, E-ISSN: 1465–2382, Impact Factor 0.425, OXFORD Academic Studies Press (OASP), London, United Kingdom, p.p 27-36.
Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi Islam, Vol 5, No 1, Maret 2020, 1-16, 2020
This paper attempts to seek answers, Firstly, it intends to
identify Jahiliyyah practices that ar... more This paper attempts to seek answers, Firstly, it intends to identify Jahiliyyah practices that are allegedly accepted and practiced in Islam. Secondly, to analyze the worldview of these Jahiliyyah-origin practices within an Islamic worldview construct. The analysis was based on selected practices of the Jahiliyyah that were adopted by Rasulullah SAW. This historiography study concludes that the similarities of these practices, if any, eventhough are similar to those practiced by the Jahiliyyah, were only restricted to its names and terms, while the structure and roots were revamped by Rasulullah SAW. The divine revelations received by Rasulullah SAW are proof that Islam is absolutely free from Jahiliyyah practices. The arguments used by those who advocate the use of conventional ideas to solve problems related to Islam are therefore, incorrect.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (IJ-ARBSS), Vol. 8, No. 4, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, ISSN: 2222-6990, DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i4/4049, p. 637-655 (International). (ERA-Indexed), 2018
Discussions and studies on halal science are important when considering the needs of contemporary... more Discussions and studies on halal science are important when considering the needs of contemporary Muslims, which is becoming increasingly challenging. Its development encompasses all parties, including the government, industrial practitioners, academicians and society itself. Thus, some questions arise as to what philosophy of halal science was used in previous studies and what are the thoughts of Islamic science philosophers about the philosophy of halal science. This working paper had two objectives, namely to identify the philosophy of halal science in previous studies and analyse it based on the thoughts of contemporary Islamic science philosophers. This library study-based paper found that the actual philosophy of halal science hinged on tauhid and wahyu, while humans need to play the role of khalifah and subjects of Allah SWT, as decreed. Besides that, the philosophy of halal science cannot be influenced by Western scientific thought such as scientism, secular knowledge, dualism in the field of knowledge etc. This is to ensure the position of religion as well as solve the problem of halal science in society using a holistic approach.
Maqasid al-syariah is a discipline of knowledge in the field of usul al-fiqh that has currently g... more Maqasid al-syariah is a discipline of knowledge in the field of usul al-fiqh that has currently gained much attention. It has been applied in various fields of human life, such as politics, economy, education and Islamic jurisprudence. The main factor that encourages its use is that this discipline of knowledge includes all aspects of human life and is suitable with the expanding globalization era. Lately, various branches and trends in maqasid al-syariah have emerged. Some lines of thoughts have used maqasid al-syariah based on the presumption that Islamic religious decrees issued by previous ulama are behind time and not suitable anymore. Hence, this kind of line of thought also exists in Islamic economy, which takes the approach of accepting and improving conventional economic thought and adapting it as Islamic economy. The question is whether this line of thinking applies maqasid al-syariah only as a following or as a trend in recent times. Thus, this study aimed to examine the maqasid al-syariah line of thought in mainstream Islamic economics. This qualitative study had used secondary data that were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings showed that Islamic economy wholly based on maqasid al-syariah could produce a true Islamic economy.
Consumerism is one discipline of social science that is important in an Islamic system of life. B... more Consumerism is one discipline of social science that is important in an Islamic system of life. Basically, all forms of expenditure, financial management, consumerism procedures either involving the household, office administration, institution, organization or nation needs to be planned and managed as best as possible. This is to avoid various socio-economic problems such as fraud in financial transactions, wastage, culture of huge debts and halal issues related to consumers. This is according to the capitalist economic system widely used currently, which says that consumers are rational if they maximise material utility. Therefore, in line with the halal-green concept that exist in numerous fields and adopted universally, the investigation of the halal-green concept is crucial as it is the basic approach that designs the type of consumerism. Hence, this working paper aims to examine and analyse the halal-green consumerism concept in al-Qur’an. The question is, what is the halal-green consumerism concept? What is structure of the halal-green consumerism concept? To answer these questions, this working paper was written solely by using secondary data that were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings showed that integral features of the halal-green consumerism concept could be used to counter consumerism-ghuluw issues (to consume according to wants and instinctual inclination) in a more holistic and comprehensive manner.
Various researches have been carried out by Islamic academicians, especially Islamic academicians... more Various researches have been carried out by Islamic academicians, especially Islamic academicians from the past, related to fields they had explored such as beliefs (aqidah), Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), mystical dimensions of Islam (tasawuf), interpretation (tafsir), hadith, astronomy (falak), philosophy etc. These academicians had used various research methods when exploring their fields of study. Hence, most of these research methods have yet to be studied before they could be applied as methods in Islamic research. It is for this reason that this study aims to study one the research methods used by past Islamic religious scholars, which is the thematic (al-mawdu'iy) hadith method. The two questions that arise in this study are, what is the thematic hadith method? and how can the method be applied in research related to Islam?. In order to answer these questions, the discussions in this study were divided into two main parts. The first is to identify the thematic hadith method used by the muhaddithin (scholars of the hadith) when elaborating on the Prophet's SAW hadith. The second is to analyse the suitability of applying the thematic hadith method in a study related to Islam. The quantitative study found that the thematic hadith method was suitable for application in studies related to Islam. The suitability was based on two aspects, namely rating the sources of the data and analysing the data.
Halal and green concepts exist in numerous fields of study and are accepted universally. Neverthe... more Halal and green concepts exist in numerous fields of study and are accepted universally. Nevertheless, there are still some related issues. First, both these concepts are applied separately although it is important to integrate them so that to create a management model that is holistic and comprehensive by incorporating both the physical and spiritual values. Second, the formation and implementation of the current halal and green concepts is eclectic and superficial in character because it focuses too much on tangible elements and materialistic achievements. Based on these issues, this working paper intended to study and build a halal-green concept based on the main source of Islamic knowledge, which al-Qur'an. The study and development was initiated based on the halalan tayyiban concept found in al-Qur'an using the thematic exegesis method. The findings showed that the halal-green concept emphasised tangible elements without neglecting the intangible elements, namely the spiritual and emotional (qalbu) elements. The concept also contains three dimensions such as the relationship between humans and Allah SWT as the Creator, the relationship amongst humans and the relationship between humans and nature. The integration of the halal and green concepts could be used to solve management issues in a more holistic and comprehensive manner.
Dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis yang diguna pakai secara meluas pada ketika ini, seseorang... more Dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis yang diguna pakai secara meluas pada ketika ini, seseorang yang membelanjakan pendapatannya bagi tujuan memaksimumkan utiliti material merupakan sesuatu yang rasional dan digalakkan. Hal ini kerana penggunaan utiliti material yang maksimum dijadikan sebagai ukuran kemajuan. Dengan itu, semakin tinggi kepenggunaan utiliti material, semakin tinggilah tahap kemajuan. Walau bagaimanapun, memaksimumkan penggunaan utiliti bagi mencapai kepuasan material sebegini boleh menimbulkan kesan negatif terutamanya masalah keberhutangan yang serius dan muflis. Masalah ini berlaku apabila para pengguna membelanjakan pendapatannya bagi tujuan memaksimumkan kepuasan material melampaui kemampuan. Justeru, mereka terpaksa berhutang. Sebagai umat Islam, bagaimanakah penggunaan yang sepatutnya diamalkan? Apakah ukurannya juga berasaskan kepenggunaan utiliti yang maksimum seperti dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis yang banyak diamalkan sekarang ataupun terdapat ukuran yang khusus hingga melahirkan satu bentuk kepenggunaan yang unik? Berhubung isu inilah, makalah ini bertujuan meneliti fenomena kepenggunaan dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis dan meneroka satu model kepenggunaan yang lebih berhemah dan terbaik (wasatiyyah). Dalam perkataan lain, ia dikenali sebagai kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah. Bagi mencapai objektif ini, kajian ini hanya melibatkan penerokaan idea berkaitan model kepenggunaan wasatiyyah. Hasilnya ia menemukan model kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah yang berfalsafahkan tauhid, tahap kepenggunaan yang berakar umbikan komponen maqasid al-syari‘ah dan bermatlamatkan mencapai keredaan Allah SWT.
Kata Kunci: kepenggunaan, wasatiyyah, fenomena, ekonomi, liberal-kapitalis
The knowledge on fardu ‘ayn (personally obligatory knowledge) lends basic understanding about Isl... more The knowledge on fardu ‘ayn (personally obligatory knowledge) lends basic understanding about Islam. Hence, this paper generally intends to obtain a scientific research mould based on Islamic understanding in order to carry out research on Islam. Specifically, the mould would be examined based on Ibn al-Haytham’s role in scientific research and the analysis carried out from the fardu ‘ayn perspective. This paper had explored the congruency between the role of Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research and the fardu ‘ayn concept by using the content analysis method. The discussion is divided into three main sections. The first section discusses the fardu ‘ayn concept and its application. The second section examines the role of Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research, while the third section analyses the congruence of the two previous discussions to build a scientific research mould for studying Islam. The findings showed that three scientific research moulds could be built for conducting research on Islam. The first is tawhid, as the core of the scientific research. The second is fiqh, which creates a scientific research dimension, while the third is morality or akhlaq, which gives life or a positive image to scientific research.
This paper aims to examine the relationship between ethnoastronomy with maritime activities. Ethn... more This paper aims to examine the relationship between ethnoastronomy with maritime activities. Ethnoastronomy here refers to phenomenon like solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, and the lunar cycles, while maritime activity refers to the phenomenon of the tides, the waves, the wind, a bright and a dark moon, and so on. The question is, is it true that astronomical phenomenon causes changes to maritime activities? Does it also affect ocean life which should be taken into account by fishermen? To answer both of these questions, this study will only highlight studies and previous works related to the connection between astronomical phenomenon with maritime activity. Finally, this paper will conclude that astronomical phenomenon like solar eclipses, lunar eclipses and lunar cycles do cause changes to maritime activities such as tides, wave conditions, the wind, the light and dark moon and so on. Indirectly, all these factors affect ocean life and should be considered by fishermen, especially in order to firstly, determine their revenue and secondly, to ensure their own safety.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (IJ-ARBSS), 2017
This paper discusses the distribution of zakat funds to the asnaf (those who qualify to receive z... more This paper discusses the distribution of zakat funds to the asnaf (those who qualify to receive zakat funds) by focusing on the non-Muslim asnaf-mualafs (those who have left their original religion to embrace Islam). According to the al-Qur'an, a mualaf is a person whose heart has accepted Islam. An asnaf-mualaf could be categorised into either a Muslim or a non-Muslim. The question is what are the interpretations of the word mualaf according to the ulama in the field of interpretation as well as according to the Assembly of Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA). Thus, by using the content analysis and in-depth interview methods, the discussion in this paper was divided into two sections. The first section discussed the interpretations as well as the characteristics of asnaf-mualaf by the ulama in the field of interpretation. Whereas, the second section involved the interpretation offered by the Ulama in the Assembly of Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA). The findings show that the Ulama in the field of interpretation had interpreted the mualaf to be a Muslim as well as a non-Muslim mualaf; meanwhile, the ulama at the Assembly of Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA) emphasised more on asnaf-Muslims. This is because the Assembly of Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA) had given an interpretation based on the al-Syafi'iy sect and also previous Ulama that had permitted the distribution of zakat funds to only Muslims.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (IJ-ARBSS), 2017
The demeanour of the asnaf is one of the reasons the asnaf are late in receiving zakat assistance... more The demeanour of the asnaf is one of the reasons the asnaf are late in receiving zakat assistance from the Zakat Management Centre (ZMC) under the Council for Islamic Religion and Malay Customs of Terengganu (MAIDAM). This demeanour here refers to the behaviour of the asnaf when applying for zakat assistance. There are various demeanours of the asnaf, either exhibited during or after they apply for zakat assistance at ZMC-MAIDAM. However, this study only focused on the demeanour of the asnaf after they applied for zakat at ZMC-MAIDAM. In order to answer this question, this working paper has two objectives. First would be to identify the asnaf's demeanour after they apply for zakat assistance at ZMC-MAIDAM and the second would be to analyse the reason(s) for the asnaf's demeanour. This study had used both secondary and primary data. The secondary data was collected through library research while the primary data was collected through observations and interviews. All the data were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings showed various demeanours of the asnaf after they applied for zakat assistance. For example, they were persistently badgering the officials at MAIDAM, frequently calling up MAIDAM or visiting MAIDAM to enquire about their application and making a second application within a short period of the first application.
Keywords: Behaviour, asnaf (those who qualify to receive zakat), assistance, zakat
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (IJ-ARBSS), 2017
The state Islamic religious authorities in Malaysia distribute zakat funds only to Muslims. In th... more The state Islamic religious authorities in Malaysia distribute zakat funds only to Muslims. In this situation, two questions arise: What about the non-Muslims who are poor and in-need? Are these groups of people not eligible for Zakat Funds? The current paper aims to analyse the distribution of zakat funds by state Islamic religious authorities in Malaysia to non-Muslims. The two aspects analysed were the practise of zakat fund distribution to non-Muslims during the times of the Prophet (PBUH), and the Rashidun Caliphate. In this aspect, the views of classical scholars were considered. The second aspect is the view of contemporary scholars in Malaysia regarding the distribution of zakat funds to non-Muslims. This aspect was argued in the interest of the current set up, as the distribution of zakat funds to non-Muslims must be seriously examined by the state Islamic religious authorities.
ABSTRAK Dalam membangunkan negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, ada seset... more ABSTRAK Dalam membangunkan negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, ada sesetengah pihak dalam kalangan umat Islam mendakwa teori pembangunan lazim (PL) boleh digunakan asalkan ia tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Pemikiran sebegini telah lama wujud dalam ekonomi Islam. Ia dikenali sebagai aliran pemikiran akomodatif-modifikasi dengan sifat elektisme-metodologik. Berhubung isu inilah, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mencapai dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti latar belakang kemunculan teori PL serta tasawurnya dan kedua, menganalisis tasawur teori PL tersebut daripada perspektif tasawur Islam. Kajian kualitatif yang berbentuk penjelasan ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis elemen-elemen tasawur teori PL. Kajian ini mendapati teori PL tidak boleh digunakan untuk membangunkan negara-negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, kerana falsafah atau tasawurnya jelas berpaksikan Falsafah Pasca-Klasikal dan Falsafah Radikal. Apabila teori PL berpaksikan kedua-dua falsafah ini, maka matlamat akhir pembangunan itu hanya terhad untuk mendapatkan keuntungan ekonomi semata-mata; manusia dianggap sebagai makhluk ekonomi; menafikan Allah SWT sebagai Pencipta sumber alam; agama dianggap sebagai alat pembangunan dan elemen-elemen asas tasawurnya hanya berbentuk mendatar (tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan Allah SWT).
Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlan... more Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlandaskan pengajaran daripada kasus konflik politik yang terjadi antara Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib r.a. dengan Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan. Konflik politik ini terjadi apabila kedua-dua pihak menginginkan suatu keperluan yang sama. Hal ini ditambah dengan adanya hambatan daripada kedua-dua belah pihak. Dengan itu berlakulah pertembungan nilai, kepentingan, tindakan, hala tuju, status dan berbagai-bagai keinginan. Kemuncak dari itu, tercetuslah pula pelbagai strategi politik dan peperangan. Tidak kira sama ada konflik yang berlaku itu kecil atau besar, ia perlu dikelolakan melalui metode yang baik bagi menjamin keutuhan, kestabilan, keamanan dan kemakmuran Negara sentiasa terpelihara. Persoalannya, apakah metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlandaskan pengajaran kasus konflik politik Ali-Mu'awiyah? Bagi menjawab persoalan ini, perbincangan dalam makalah ini terbahagi kepada dua bahagian. Pertama, membincangkan kasus konflik politik Ali-Mu'awiyah; dan kedua, membincangkan metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlandaskan pengajaran daripada kasus konflik politik Ali-Mu'awiyah tersebut. Kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode analisis kandungan ini mendapati metode pengelolaan konflik politik berlandaskan pengajaran daripada kasus konflik politik Ali-Mu'awiyah mempunyai beberapa elemen iaitu berpandukan tasawur al-Qur'an dan al-Sunnah; menggunakan kebijaksanaan dengan bertunjangkan keikhlasan; berwaspada dengan musuh; istiqamah; mengetepikan penglibatan pihak luar; dan menyelidiki sesuatu maklumat yang disebarkan.
Abstact
This paper aims to examine and analyze the political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of the political conflicts between Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib R.A. with Mu'awiya bin Abi Sufyan. The political conflict occurred when both parties want a similar requirement. This coupled with the constraints of both parties. With that act the clash of values, interests, action, direction, status and various desires. The highlight of it, I settled on was a political strategy and war. Regardless of whether the conflict is small or large, it should be managed through a good method to ensure the integrity, stability, security and prosperity of the country is preserved. The question is whether the political conflict management methods based teaching political conflicts Ali, Muawiya? To answer this question, the discussion in this paper is divided into two parts. First, discuss the case of Ali, Muawiya political conflict; and second, to discuss political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of Ali-political conflict that Mu'awiya. A qualitative study using content analysis found political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of Ali, Muawiya political conflict has several elements, which are
This paper intends to identify the epistemology of Ibn al-Haytham's scientific thoughts and analy... more This paper intends to identify the epistemology of Ibn al-Haytham's scientific thoughts and analyse it based on tasawwur al-Qur'an (Qur'anic worldview). The discussions on epistemology are closely related to the source and methodology of obtaining knowledge. Ibn al-Haytham is one the earliest Islamic scholars to base his research on scientific methods. However, today's modern scientific methods that are driven by logical positivism philosophy usually lay importance on data that can be observed by the senses and is rational to the mind. The question is how Ibn al-Haytham obtains scientific knowledge? What method does he use to ascertain that the science is in accordance with the guidelines of the al-Qur'an? Hence, by using the content analysis method, this paper intends to answer these questions. The discussions are divided into two sections. The first section identifies the Ibn al-Haytham's scientific epistemology. The second deals with the analysis based on tasawwur al-Qur'an. The findings showed that Ibn al-Haytham's scientific epistemology is based on observation by the senses, cognitive reasoning, intuition and a belief in nature's (sunnatullah) according to the al-Qur'an. Therefore, it could be concluded that his scientific epistemology is in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the al-Qur'an.
There are various methods used to determine the arrival of Ramadan (fasting) and Syawal in South ... more There are various methods used to determine the arrival of Ramadan (fasting) and Syawal in South East Asia. Malaysia and Indonesia use the rukyah (sighting of the moon) and hisab (mathematical calculations), Singapore uses the hisab while Brunei only uses the rukyah method. These differences are due to the different basis for using a certain method to determine the arrival of Ramadan and Syawal. The basis here refers to religious references and forms of istidlal (inferences). The question is, what religious references are used to substantiate the adoption of the rukyah method in Brunei? What is their form of istidlal based on the religious references? To answer all these questions this study has two objectives. Firstly, it intends to determine the religious references that act as the basis for using the rukyah method in Brunei. Secondly, to analyse the different forms of istidlal based on the religious references. In order to achieve these objectives, this qualitative study used library research and expert interview methods for collecting data. All the data were analysed using the content analysis method. Lastly, this study concluded that religious references from the al-Qur'an and Hadith used as a basis for applying the rukyah method in Brunei is similar to the religious references used as a basis for applying rukyah and hisab in other South East Asian countries. The only difference is the various forms of istidlal.
Scientific methodology was first introduced in the social science discipline through Émile Durkhe... more Scientific methodology was first introduced in the social science discipline through Émile Durkheim’s work entitled Rules of Sociological Method. Nevertheless, research methodology is presumed to be inadequate when wholly applied in Islamic-based research because it has limitations when studying Islam and Muslims. This indicates the importance of re-examining the scientific approach when formulating an Islamic research methodology. Based on historiographical sources, the scientific methodology was first explored by a Muslim intellectual named Ibn al-Haytham. The question is, what is the philosophy entrenched in Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research? Moreover, is his philosophy adequate to develop Islamic research methodology? Hence, this paper intends to identify the philosophy behind Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research and analyze its suitability with the Islamic research methodology. Thus, by using content analysis, the discussions are arranged into three sections. First, is to identify the basis of Islamic research methodology. Second, is to examine Ibn al-Haytham’s philosophy on scientific research. Third, is to analyze the compatibility between the two subjects. The study has found that Ibn al-Haytham’s philosophy on scientific research has the strength from the aspect of tasawwur (worldview), epistemology, ontology, tools of analysis and the final aim of a study. Hence, his concept is fit to be applied in the Islamic research methodology.
Keywords: Ibn al-Haytham, Philosophy, Scientific research, Islamic research methodology, Tasawwur
Mohd Syahmir Alias & Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “Ibn Al-Haytham’s Philosophy on Scientific Research Applied in Islamic Research Methodology: Analysis from Tasawwur, Epistemology and Ontology Perspectives”, International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology (IJBHT), Vol. 5, No. 1, February, ISSN 2162-1357 (Print), 2162-1381 (Online), Centre for Promoting Ideas (CPI), USA, p.p 83-93.
This working paper intends to examine the Islamic worldview (tasawwur) that has designed the Mala... more This working paper intends to examine the Islamic worldview (tasawwur) that has designed the Malaysian Syariah Index (MSI). The MSI is one of the Islamic based Development Index (IbD-i) built based on the five elements of maqasid syariah, which are preservation of religion, the soul, heredity, the mind and property. The aim of the index is to measure and evaluate Malaysia’s level of seriousness in enhancing the level of syariah compliance in every policy and administrative program as well as national development. As a pioneering initiative and newly introduced, the worldview aspect is among the main issues that should be emphasized because this aspect would design the entire operational level of the MSI. Some quarters, especially among the mainstream developers of Islam, have alleged that conventional worldview is applicable in building MSI as long as it is not contrary to aqidah (staunch belief) and Islamic syariah. The question is what kind of worldview would design the MSI? Is it designed by Islamic worldview or otherwise? This working paper would endeavour to answer both these questions by focusing on two main issues. First, to determine which worldview designs the MSI; second, to analyze the MSI worldview element that was identified. This study uses the library research method by analysing the contents of documents related to MSI. The study found that MSI is moulded according to the element of tawhid (oneness of Allah), which is the main element in Islamic worldview and inevitably the worldview regarding IbD-i
Keywords: worldview, index, maqasid syariah, Islamic-based development
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “The Islamic-Based Development Index (IBD-I) Worldview: A Case of The Malaysian Syariah Index (MSI)”, Asia Pasific Journal of Advanced Business and Social Studies (APJABSS), Vol. 1, Issue 1, ISSN (eBook): 978 0 9943656 7 5, Asia Pasific Institute of Advanced Research (APIAR), Adelaide, Australia, p.p 168-179.
Any subject relating to religion is usually under the jurisdiction of the Sultan or ruler. Every ... more Any subject relating to religion is usually under the jurisdiction of the Sultan or ruler. Every country has a religious institution in executing religious matter. Among the subjects considered as religious matter is the determination of the arrival of Shawwal. In determining the beginning of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam, there surely is a predetermined SOP. The question is what is the SOP in determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam? Under which enactment is it allocated? Who is involved in executing the SOP? To answer all of these questions, this study has two main objectives. First, to identify the SOP of determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam; second, to analyze the application of the SOP in determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam. In order to achieve these objectives, this qualitative study adopted the method of literature review and interview of experts in collecting data. All data were analyzed using content analysis method. Finally, this paper concludes that the determination of the arrival of Shawwal is based on Mimbar Fatwa 5 Negara Brunei Darussalam, and allocated under 29 of the Syariah Courts Act 1998. The Chief Syari’e Judge is responsible in the rukyah of the new moon with the help of the Syariah Judges, Officers of the Survey Department, Ministry of Development and the Officials of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Because Brunei Darussalam used the rukyah method solely, it has its own SOP in accordance to the principle of fatwa and the allocated act.
Keywords: method, determining, rukyah, hisab, moon, standard operating procedure (SOP)
Shahir Akram Hassan & Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in Determining the Arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam”, Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Vol. 10, Issue 10, E-ISSN: 1465–2382, Impact Factor 0.425, OXFORD Academic Studies Press (OASP), London, United Kingdom, p.p 27-36.
Di Malaysia, zakat pertanian hanya diwajibkan terhadap hasil tanaman padi kerana ia dikategorikan... more Di Malaysia, zakat pertanian hanya diwajibkan terhadap hasil tanaman padi kerana ia dikategorikan sebagai makanan asasi. Persoalannya, bagaimanakah pula dengan hasil-hasil pertanian yang tidak termasuk dalam kategori makanan asasi seperti kelapa, kelapa sawit, lada hitam, kopi, koko dan buah-buahan lain? Kenapakah dikenakan zakat perniagaan sedangkan asasnya juga adalah pertanian? Adakah disebabkan tanaman-tanaman selain padi ini diusahakan secara komersial? Bagaimanakah pula dengan tanaman padi yang diusahakan secara komersial tetapi tetap dikenakan zakat pertanian dan bukannya zakat perniagaan? Untuk menjawab semua persoalan ini, artikel ini mempunyai dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti asas-asas perakauan zakat pertanian serta pandangan fuqaha’ berhubung jenis-jenis tanaman yang dikenakan zakat pertanian; dan kedua, menganalisis serta menilai perakaunan zakat hasil pertanian di Malaysia. Kajian kualitatif ini melibatkan data primer dan data sekunder. Semua data berkaitan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Bagi memperkukuhkan ekonomi umat Islam khususnya di Malaysia, artikel ini merumuskan bahawa hasil-hasil pertanian yang tidak dikategorikan sebagai makanan asasi seperti kelapa, kelapa sawit, koko dan sebagainya patut juga dikenakan zakat pertanian kerana asasnya adalah pertanian. Malah sebahagian daripada hasil-hasil tanaman selain padi ini boleh menghasilkan kekayaan yang lebih lumayan berbanding hasil tanaman padi serta boleh disimpan lama melebihi tempoh setahun. Dalam hal ini, pandangan fuqaha’ dari kalangan Mazhab Abu Hanifah dan Mazhab Ahmad bin Hanbal boleh dijadikan sandaran.
Kata Kunci: Perakaunan, zakat, pertanian, penilaian, makanan asasi, komersial
Metodologi saintifik dalam paradigma positivisme lebih menekankan fakulti empiris dalam penelitia... more Metodologi saintifik dalam paradigma positivisme lebih menekankan fakulti empiris dalam penelitian. Namun, al-Qur’an sebagai sumber epistemologi utama Islam turut menekankan suatu fakulti spiritual yang berkait dengan aktiviti berfikir dan mencari bukti iaitu al-fu’ad. Persoalannya, apakah konsep sebenar al-fu’ad dalam al-Qur’an? Bagaimanakah konsep tersebut dapat dihubungkaitkan dalam suatu metodologi penelitian Islami? Bagi menjawab kedua-dua persoalan ini, makalah ini mempunyai dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti konsep al-fu’ad dalam al-Qur’an. Kedua, menganalisisnya dari perspektif metodologi penelitian Islami. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan kaedah analisis tafsir al-mawdu‘iy (tematik) ini mendapati konsep al-fu’ad membentuk suatu metodologi penelitian Islami dari empat aspek iaitu epistemologi, aksiologi, ontologi, dan teleologi.
Kata kunci: al-fu’ad, al-mawdu‘iy, metodologi penelitian Islami, aksiologi, teleologi
Terdapat pelbagai kaedah perakaunan zakat pertanian di Malaysia pada ketika ini. Ada beberapa neg... more Terdapat pelbagai kaedah perakaunan zakat pertanian di Malaysia pada ketika ini. Ada beberapa negeri yang mengenakan zakat ke atas hasil kasar (HK) tanpa menolak kos tanaman (KT) dan kos sara hidup (KSH); ada pula beberapa negeri yang mengenakan zakat ke atas hasil bersih (HB) setelah ditolak KT sahaja atau ditolak kedua-dua kos iaitu KT dan KSH daripada HK. Persoalannya, kenapakah ada negeri yang membenarkan KT ditolak daripada HK sedangkan fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh majoriti negeri di Malaysia tidak membenarkan KT tersebut ditolak daripada HK? Kenapakah pula ada negeri yang bukan sahaja membenarkan penolakan KT, malah turut ditolak juga KSH? Apakah pandangan cendekiawan Islam klasik dan kontemporari berhubung perkara ini? Berdasarkan isu inilah, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis perakaunan zakat pertanian komersial di Malaysia sama ada ia patut dikenakan ke atas HK atau HB. Penganalisisan ini dibuat berdasarkan pandangan cendekiawan Islam klasik dan kontemporari. Hasilnya, kertas kerja ini mendapati sebahagian besar negeri di Malaysia mengenakan zakat pertanian ke atas HK tanpa menolak sebarang kos, kecuali empat buah negeri, iaitu Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sarawak dan Sabah. Sabah dan Sarawak mengenakan zakat pertanian ke atas HB setelah ditolak KT daripada HK, manakala Perlis dan Pulau Pinang bukan sahaja membenarkan penolakan KT, malah turut ditolak KSH daripada HK.
Kata Kunci: perakaunan, zakat pertanian, hasil kasar, hasil bersih
Terdapat pelbagai kaedah perakaunan zakat pertanian di Malaysia pada ketika ini. Ada beberapa neg... more Terdapat pelbagai kaedah perakaunan zakat pertanian di Malaysia pada ketika ini. Ada beberapa negeri yang mengenakan zakat ke atas hasil kasar (HK) tanpa menolak kos tanaman (KT) dan kos sara hidup (KSH); ada pula beberapa negeri yang mengenakan zakat ke atas hasil bersih (HB) setelah ditolak KT sahaja atau ditolak kedua-dua kos iaitu KT dan KSH daripada HK. Persoalannya, kenapakah ada negeri yang membenarkan KT ditolak daripada HK sedangkan fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh majoriti negeri di Malaysia tidak membenarkan KT tersebut ditolak daripada HK? Kenapakah pula ada negeri yang bukan sahaja membenarkan penolakan KT, malah turut ditolak juga KSH? Apakah pandangan cendekiawan Islam klasik dan kontemporari berhubung perkara ini? Berdasarkan isu inilah, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis perakaunan zakat pertanian komersial di Malaysia sama ada ia patut dikenakan ke atas HK atau HB. Penganalisisan ini dibuat berdasarkan pandangan cendekiawan Islam klasik dan kontemporari. Hasilnya, kertas kerja ini mendapati sebahagian besar negeri di Malaysia mengenakan zakat pertanian ke atas HK tanpa menolak sebarang kos, kecuali empat buah negeri, iaitu Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sarawak dan Sabah. Sabah dan Sarawak mengenakan zakat pertanian ke atas HB setelah ditolak KT daripada HK, manakala Perlis dan Pulau Pinang bukan sahaja membenarkan penolakan KT, malah turut ditolak KSH daripada HK.
Kata Kunci: perakaunan, zakat pertanian, hasil kasar, hasil bersih
Para ilmuwan Islam telah melakukan pelbagai penelitian dalam bidang kepakaran masing-masing seper... more Para ilmuwan Islam telah melakukan pelbagai penelitian dalam bidang kepakaran masing-masing seperti bidang akidah, fiqh, tasawuf, tafsir, hadith, falak, falsafah dan sebagainya. Terdapat pelbagai metode penelitian yang mereka gunakan dalam melakukan kajian-kajian tersebut. Namun, metode-metode penelitian itu belum dikaji sepenuhnya untuk diaplikasikan sebagai metode penelitian Islam. Atas sebab itulah makalah ini bertujuan mengkaji salah satu daripada metode-metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh para ulama Islam silam, iaitu metode Hadith al-Mawdu‘iy. Persoalannya, apakah metode Hadith al-Mawdu‘iy itu? Bagaimanakah kaedah tersebut dapat diaplikasikan dalam sesuatu penelitian berkaitan Islam? Untuk menjawab semua persoalan ini, perbincangan dalam kertas kerja ini dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian utama. Pertama, membincangkan metode Hadith al-Mawdu‘iy yang digunakan oleh muhaddithin dalam menghuraikan hadith-hadith Rasulullah SAW; dan kedua, membincangkan kesesuaian pengaplikasian metode Hadith al-Mawdu‘iy tersebut dalam sesuatu penyelidikan berkaitan Islam. Sebagai hasilnya, kajian perpustakaan ini mendapati metode Hadith al-Mawdu‘iy sesuai diaplikasikan dalam penganalisisan data bagi penelitian berkaitan Islam. Kesesuaian ini berdasarkan dua aspek penting yang perlu diberi tumpuan iaitu aspek kaedah penarafan sumber data dan aspek kaedah penganalisisan data berdasarkan sumber-sumber yang berautoriti.
Kata Kunci: tradisi, pemikiran, metode, penelitian, hadith al-mawdu‘iy
Bab dlm. Mohd Safri Ali, Abdul Hadi Ismail, Kasimah Kamaruddin & Engku Ahmad Zaki Engku Alwi (eds.), Pemikiran dan Peradaban. Kuala Terengganu: Penerbit Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, hlm. 105-119 (ISBN: 978-983-9842-94-4), May 31, 2015
Teori pembangunan lazim berandaian bahawa sumber alam (SA) itu adalah terhad, manakala kemahuan m... more Teori pembangunan lazim berandaian bahawa sumber alam (SA) itu adalah terhad, manakala kemahuan manusia tidak terhad. SA di sini meliputi semua zat atau bahan yang wujud dalam alam semesta yang dihargai, bermanfaat dan digunakan oleh manusia. Berdasarkan kepada isu inilah maka kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengkaji dan menganalisis SA berdasarkan tasawur al-Qur’an. Persoalannya, adakah SA itu benar-benar terhad atau sebaliknya? Untuk menjawab persoalan ini, maka kertas kerja ini memfokuskan perbincangan kepada dua perkara utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti ayat-ayat al-Qur’an terpilih tentang SA. Kedua, menganalisis dan merumuskan kuantiti SA berdasarkan ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang dikenal pasti itu. Maklumat utama kertas kerja ini adalah terdiri daripada ayat-ayat al-Qur’an. Selain itu, dikumpulkan juga maklumat yang ada hubung kait dengan ayat-ayat tersebut, terutamanya bahan-bahan yang ada kaitan dengan tafsirannya. Semua maklumat dalam kertas kerja ini dipilih secara bertujuan (perpusive sampling) dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Akhirnya, kertas kerja ini dapat merumuskan bahawa berdasarkan tasawur al-Qur’an SA itu sebenarnya tidak terhad. Ketidakterhadan ini adalah berasaskan kepada empat faktor iaitu konsep rezeki, konsep barakah (keberkatan), kaedah pengagihan semula SA, dan kaedah penggunaan SA.
Kata kunci: Andaian, sumber alam, terhad, pembangunan lazim, tasawur
Aspek tasawur atau falsafah merupakan antara cabaran utama yang patut dihadapi dalam usaha melaks... more Aspek tasawur atau falsafah merupakan antara cabaran utama yang patut dihadapi dalam usaha melaksanakan ekonomi Islam. Terdapat sesetengah pihak terutamanya dalam kalangan ahli ekonomi Islam arus perdana mendakwa konsep dan teori ekonomi lazim boleh diguna pakai asalkan ia tidak bertentangan dengan akidah dan syariat Islam. Antara hujah yang sering dikemukakan untuk menguatkan dakwaan mereka ini adalah terdapat beberapa amalan Jahiliah yang diterima pakai dalam Islam. Proses ini disamakan dengan tindakan memilih-milih perkara yang dirasakan baik daripada konsep dan teori ekonomi lazim lalu menggunakannya secara kolektif dalam ekonomi Islam. Aliran pemikiran sebegini dikenali sebagai akomodatif-modifikasi dengan sifat elektisme-metodologik. Persoalannya, adakah ekonomi Islam itu boleh dikatakan ekonomi Islam tulen sedangkan tasawurnya masih bercampur aduk antara tasawur lazim dengan tasawur Islam? Bukankah ia merupakan proses Islamisasi? Apakah konsep tasawur ekonomi Islam yang patut diguna pakai? Bagaimanakah ia terbina? Bagi menjawab semua persoalan ini, makalah ini mempunyai dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti tasawur ekonomi Islam yang sedia ada; kedua, menganalisis tasawur ekonomi Islam yang sedia ada itu berdasarkan tasawur Islam; dan ketiga, merumuskan konsep tasawur ekonomi Islam yang hakiki. Bagi mencapai tujuan ini, kaedah perpustakaan dan kaedah analisis kandungan digunakan. Akhirnya, makalah ini merumuskan bahawa Islam yang dibawa oleh Rasulullah SAW itu bukan sahaja merombak aspek konsep dan operasional amalan Arab Jahiliah, malah ia juga melibatkan aspek falsafah atau tasawurnya. Dengan ini jelaslah bahawa hujah logik yang sering dikemukakan oleh para pendukung aliran pemikiran akomodatif-modifikasi dengan sifat eklektisme-metodologik adalah tidak tepat. Pendekatan ‘pembungkihan’ sepatutnya diguna pakai dalam merealisasikan ekonomi Islam pada masa kini. Tindakan memilih-milih perkara yang dirasakan baik dari pelbagai sumber dan menggunakannya secara kolektif dalam ekonomi Islam adalah tidak sesuai. Tidak mungkin tasawur ekonomi Islam tulen dapat dibina dan dilaksanakan selagi acuannya masih bertunjangkan tasawur lazim.
Kata Kunci: Tasawur, ekonomi Islam, akomodatif-modifikasi, eklektisme-metodologik
Makalah ini dibentangkan di Konferensi Internasional Pembangunan Islam I (KIPI-I), anjuran Universitas Jember, Indonesia, pada 16-21 September 2014, bertempat di Universitas Jember, Indonesia.
Dalam buku ini penulis membicarakan mengenai hubungan antara tasawur Islam dengan pembangunan. Pe... more Dalam buku ini penulis membicarakan mengenai hubungan antara tasawur Islam dengan pembangunan. Pembangunan yang penulis maksudkan ialah pembangunan berteraskan Islam (PBI). Sebenarnya, PBI ini adalah berbeza daripada pembangunan lazim. PBI terbina daripada tasawur Islam yang lahir daripada epistemologi Islam. Epistemologi Islam berakar umbi daripada empat sumber utama iaitu al-Qur’an, hadith, ijmak dan qiyas. Keempat-empat sumber ini membentuk tasawur Islam yang jauh berbeza daripada tasawur lazim. Malah ia menjadi acuan kepada pembentukan teori PBI. Pembangunan lazim pula terbina daripada tasawur lazim yang lahir daripada epistemologi Barat. Epistemologi Barat berakar umbi daripada hujah-hujah akal dan rasional semata-mata, iaitu pemikiran pengasas-pengasas teori pembangunan yang terikat dengan falsafah pembangunan lazim seperti Pasca-Klasikal dan Radikal.
PBI yang dibina beracuankan tasawur Islam itu mempunyai enam pola. Pertama, berpaksikan tauhid; kedua, berkaedahkan pengabdian diri kepada Allah SWT; ketiga, manusia hamba dan khalifah sebagai pelaku pembangunan; keempat, sumber alam sebagai alat atau wasilah pembangunan; kelima, keseimbangan antara dunia dan akhirat; dan keenam, bermatlamat mencapai keredhaan Allah SWT.
Akhir sekali penulis merumuskan bahawa PBI yang dibina beracuankan tasawur Islam ini paling tidak mempunyai lima kekuatan. Pertama, sumbernya adalah wahyu; kedua, tunjangnya adalah tauhid; ketiga, elemen-elemen asasnya adalah merangkumi hubungan manusia dengan Allah SWT, hubungan manusia sesama manusia dan hubungan manusia dengan sumber alam; keempat, tempoh masanya adalah meliputi alam roh, alam dunia dan alam akhirat; dan kelima, matlamatnya adalah untuk mendapatkan keredhaan Allah SWT.
Kamus ini disusun bagi menyediakan ilmu‐ilmu asas tentang Undang‐Undang Jenayah Syari’ah dalam us... more Kamus ini disusun bagi menyediakan ilmu‐ilmu asas tentang Undang‐Undang Jenayah Syari’ah dalam usaha memahami persoalan‐persoalan yang timbul berkaitan dengannya. Selain itu ia juga berhasrat mengelak masyarakat dari bercakap dan berhujah tentang hudud, qisas dan ta’zir tanpa mempunyai ilmu bersabit dengannya.
Kamus ini menyenaraikan lebih daripada 100 istilah yang berkaitan Undang‐Undang Jenayah Syari’ah yang masyhur dan seringkali didengar. Semua diberi makna serta huraian istilah‐istilah itu disertai dengan contoh‐contohnya agar pembaca dapat memahaminya dengan mudah dan mendalam. Semua huraian berdasarkan al‐Qur’an, Hadis dan pelbagai kitab rujukan yang autoritatif.
In conventional economy, especially the liberalist-capitalist economic system widely applied pres... more In conventional economy, especially the liberalist-capitalist economic system widely applied presently, one who spends his income to maximise material utility is presumed to be something that is rational and encouraged. This is because maximum consumption of material utility is a measure of progress. However, maximising utility consumption to achieve material satisfaction could cause negative effects, especially serious debt problems and bankruptcy. This is due to consumers spending their income to maximise material satisfaction beyond their capability; thus, making them go into debt. The issue is as Muslims, what is the actual level of consumption that should be practiced. Is the measurement also based on the maximum consumption of utilities such as in the liberalist-capitalist economic system mainly practiced today or is there a specific measurement that offers a unique form of consumption. In relation to this issue, this working paper aimed to observe the consumerism phenomenon in the conventional economic system and explore the best (wasatiyyah) and prudent consumerism concept, which is otherwise known as wasatiyyah-consumerism. In order to achieve this objective, this study had only explored ideas related to the wasatiyyah-consumerism concept. The study found that the wasatiyyah-consumerism concept applied the tawhid (monotheism) philosophy, a level of consumerism rooted in the maqasid al-syari‘ah component and aimed at achieving the blessings of Allah SWT.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Fikrah Pendidikan Islami”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, Oktober, Vol. 10, ISS... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Fikrah Pendidikan Islami”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, Oktober, Vol. 10, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), p. 28-31.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Fikrah Islamisasi Ilmu”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, July, Vol. 7, ISSN 2289... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Fikrah Islamisasi Ilmu”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, July, Vol. 7, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), p. 28-31.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Kepentingan Tasawur Dalam Pendidikan”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, August, V... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Kepentingan Tasawur Dalam Pendidikan”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, August, Vol. 8, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), p. 28-31.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Fikrah Pengurusan Islami”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, September, Vol. 9, IS... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Fikrah Pengurusan Islami”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, September, Vol. 9, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), p. 28-31.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Fikrah Islamisasi Ilmu”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, November, Vol. 7, ISSN ... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Fikrah Islamisasi Ilmu”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, November, Vol. 7, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), p. 28-31.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Integrasi Ilmu Dalam Pembentukan Tasawur”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, Novem... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Integrasi Ilmu Dalam Pembentukan Tasawur”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, November, Vol. 6, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), p. 36-39.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Dakwah bi al-Hal Usaha Menambat Hati”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, November,... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2018). “Dakwah bi al-Hal Usaha Menambat Hati”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, November, Vol. 4, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), p. 4-8.
Kepentingan Fikrah Islami Dalam Pembentukan Tasawur
Dr. Mohd Shukri Hanapi, Pensyarah Kanan di P... more Kepentingan Fikrah Islami Dalam Pembentukan Tasawur
Dr. Mohd Shukri Hanapi, Pensyarah Kanan di Pusat Kajian Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam (ISDEV), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang.
Akal merupakan nikmat Allah SWT yang paling besar kepada manusia. Dengan akal manusia dapat memahami dengan berfikir, membezakan, membuat kesimpulan, mencipta dan sebagainya. Melalui kelebihan yang Allah SWT kurniakan ini, maka manusia haruslah memanfaatkan dan menggunakannya semaksima yang mungkin demi kemaslahatan dunia dan akhirat.
Akal dalam bahasa Arab diistilahkan sebagai fikr yang bermaksud menggunakan akal terhadap sesuatu perkara serta memahaminya. Apabila perkataan fikr ini digandingkan dengan perkataan Islami, maka ia bermaksud penggunaan akal dalam mentafsirkan dan menggambarkan Islam berdasarkan sumber al-Qur’an dan Sunnah. Pemikiran dan penterjemahan perilaku ini yang disalurkan daripada akal seseorang Muslim, seterusnya membawa kepada makna fikrah Islami. Jelas di sini bahawa fikrah Islami adalah manifestasi ajaran Allah SWT yang lengkap, syumul dan merangkumi seluruh kehidupan individu Mukmin.
Dalam tradisi Islam, persoalan fikrah Islami menjadi sesuatu yang amat penting supaya asas berfikir seseorang itu dibina berlandaskan al-Qur’an dan Sunnah dalam memahami Islam dan kehidupan.
Isu pembentukan fikrah yang menggabungkan elemen naqliyyah (wahyu) dan elemen aqliyyah (akal) adalah supaya berlaku suatu sintisis atau sinergi yang menjadi asas binaan tasawur.
Musibah kebakaran yang menimpa Pusat Tahfiz
Darul Quran Ittifaqiyah di Keramat, Kuala Lumpur
yang... more Musibah kebakaran yang menimpa Pusat Tahfiz Darul Quran Ittifaqiyah di Keramat, Kuala Lumpur yang meragut nyawa 23 pelajar termasuk guru dan warden pada September lalu cukup meruntun perasaan semua orang. Akhirnya, polis berjaya menahan tujuh individu yang semuanya masih berusia beiasan tahun. Hasil siasatan mendapati suspek yangr ditahan ada yang mempunyai rekod jenayah lampau dan mereka sudah tidak lagi bersekolah. Berdasarkan kes yang berlaku ini, terdapat beberapa iktibar penting yang boleh direnungi bersama.
Kegiatan homoseksual yang bergerak secara underground (sembunyi-sembunyi) di negara ini merupakan... more Kegiatan homoseksual yang bergerak secara underground (sembunyi-sembunyi) di negara ini merupakan suatu perkara yang sangat membimbangkan. Ada desas-desus (belum dapat dipastikan kesahihannya) mengatakan kegiatan homoseksual ini mulai menular dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah dan mahasiswa/si di universiti. Bukan setakat itu, malah turut tersebar video-video adegan lucah golongan homoseksual hingga menyebabkan ramai golongan muda yang terpengaruh.
Gesaan supaya al-Qur’an ditafsir semula bukanlah merupakan suatu isu yang baru. Sebenarnya telah ... more Gesaan supaya al-Qur’an ditafsir semula bukanlah merupakan suatu isu yang baru. Sebenarnya telah berulang-ulang kali kita mendengar pihak yang melaungkan seruan supaya al-Qur’an ditafsir semula, terutamanya daripada golongan literalis dan liberalis moden. Di Malaysia khususnya, saranan ini pernah dikemukakan oleh Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad dan Kassim Ahmad. Mereka menyatakan al-Qur’an perlu ditafsir semula untuk disesuaikan dengan keadaan masa ini. Malah, ada juga pihak-pihak yang mempertikaikan kewibaan ahli-ahli tafsir serta tafsiran al-Qur’an yang sedia ada.
Persoalannya di sini, apakah yang mereka maksudkan dengan pentafsiran semula al-Qur’an? Adakah ia merujuk kepada mentafsir semula al-Qur’an dengan bebas menggunakan logik akal semata-mata? atau adakah ia merujuk kepada mentafsir semula al-Qur’an dengan tidak mengetepikan tafsiran yang muktabar, tetapi dikembangkan tafsiran itu agar ia sesuai dengan realiti kehidupan pada masa ini?
Dalam usaha mentafsirkan semula al-Qur’an ini, apakah ia melibatkan semua ayat al-Qur’an? Adakah ia boleh dilakukan oleh sesiapa sahaja? atau terdapat kriteria-kriteria tertentu yang melayakkan seseorang itu untuk mentafsir al-Qur’an? dan bagaimanakah cara untuk mengelakkan wujudnya golongan yang mungkin mengambil kesempatan mentafsir ayat-ayat al-Qur’an untuk kepentingan diri?
Penggunaan merupakan peringkat terakhir setelah selesai aktiviti pengeluaran dan pengagihan. Masy... more Penggunaan merupakan peringkat terakhir setelah selesai aktiviti pengeluaran dan pengagihan. Masyarakat yang telah sebati dengan suasana ekonomi moden tidak terdaya untuk menghadapi aliran penawaran barangan dan perkhidmatan yang semakin berleluasa di pasaran. Suasana ini sebenarnya mengundang kecenderungan perbelanjaan masyarakat yang sukar dikawal sehingga berlaku masalah pembaziran, berlumba-lumba mengejar status, budaya berhutang yang tinggi, muflis, inflasi seterusnya mencetuskan pelbagai sosio-ekonomi.
Misalnya, masalah pembaziran makanan oleh rakyat Malaysia bernilai RM4.4 trilion setahun; hutang yang tinggi sebagaimana Kajian Indeks Sentimen Pelabur Manulife (MISI) yang mendapati hampir 68 peratus rakyat Malaysia dibebani hutang dan meletakkan Malaysia dalam kelompok lapan pasaran negara di Asia yang mempunyai kadar hutang isi rumah yang tinggi; dan isu muflis sebagaimana rekod Jabatan Insolvensi Malaysia, sebanyak 97,215 kes muflis dicatatkan di negara ini sepanjang tempoh 2012 sehingga September 2016. Daripada jumlah itu, sebanyak 22,581 kes, atau 23 peratus, membabitkan kategori dewasa muda, atau Gen Y, yang berumur antara 25 hingga 34 tahun diisytiharkan muflis, selain sebanyak 1,157 kes membabitkan mereka berumur di bawah umur 25 tahun. Menurut Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Agensi Kaunseling dan Pengurusan Kredit (AKPK), Azaddin Ngah Tasir sebagaimana yang dilaporkan dalam Berita Harian (16 September 2016), antara sebab utama muflis kerana gagal melunaskan pinjaman sewa beli kenderaan membabitkan 26,801 kes, atau 27.6 peratus, disusuli pinjaman peribadi 22,153 kes, atau 22.8 peratus dan pinjaman perumahan 18,819 kes, atau 19.4 peratus. Hal ini berpunca daripada kegagalan merancang kewangan dengan baik. Meskipun rumah dan kenderaan itu suatu keperluan, namun para pengguna patut mengambil kira kemampuan dan pendapatan mereka.
Bagi sistem ekonomi liberal kapitalis yang diguna pakai secara meluas pada ketika ini, membelanjakan pendapatan yang diperoleh bagi tujuan memaksimumkan kepuasan material merupakan sesuatu yang rasional dan sangat digalakkan. Hal ini kerana kemajuan diukur dengan penggunaan utiliti material yang maksimum. Semakin tinggi kadar kepenggunaan utiliti material, semakin tinggilah tahap kemajuan. Meskipun begitu, penggunaan maksimum bagi mencapai kepuasan material sebegini boleh menimbulkan kesan negatif seperti yang dinyatakan sebelum ini. Perkara ini berlaku apabila para pengguna yang berpendapatan rendah terpaksa berhutang untuk memaksimumkan penggunaan utiliti material mereka.
Dalam keadaan Kerajaan Malaysia berusaha merealisasikan konsep wasatiyyah, bentuk kepenggunaan yang berdasarkan konsep wasatiyyah itu patut dibina. Persoalannya, bagaimanakah bentuk kepenggunaan berdasarkan konsep wasatiyyah? Apakah ukurannya juga berasaskan kepenggunaan utiliti yang maksimum seperti dalam sistem ekonomi liberal kapitalis yang diamalkan di Malaysia ataupun terdapat ukuran yang khusus hingga melahirkan satu bentuk kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah yang unik?
Suasana hidup yang bahagia (al-sa‘adah/happiness) sentiasa diidam-idamkan dan dikejar oleh setiap... more Suasana hidup yang bahagia (al-sa‘adah/happiness) sentiasa diidam-idamkan dan dikejar oleh setiap manusia. Ia merupakan sesuatu yang relatif bergantung kepada tujuan hidup seseorang. Oleh sebab itu, indikator kebahagiaan bagi setiap manusia itu tidak sama antara satu sama lain. Apabila seseorang itu meletakkan tujuan hidupnya untuk mengumpul harta kekayaan, dia akan mengejar kebahagiaan dengan bekerja keras untuk mengumpulkan harta kekayaan walau dengan apa jua cara sekalipun. Hal ini kerana mereka beranggapan dengan harta yang banyak itu dapat memberi kebahagiaan hidup. Bagi seseorang yang meletakkan kekuasaan sebagai matlamat hidupnya, dia akan berebut-rebut untuk memiliki kedudukan dan pangkat. Dengan kedudukan dan pangkat yang dimiliki itu, dia akan merasa bahagia kerana dapat melakukan apa-apa sahaja yang dikehendaki.
Dalam kesibukan kita menguruskan kehidupan harian, sedar atau tidak, kita kini sudahpun berada di... more Dalam kesibukan kita menguruskan kehidupan harian, sedar atau tidak, kita kini sudahpun berada di pertengahan tahun. Waktu ini adalah masa yang paling sesuai bagi kita untuk melihat kembali perkara yang telah berlaku sepanjang tempoh setengah tahun 2017. Yang pastinya, setiap awal tahun, kita akan membuat azam baru. Tidak kiralah sama ada tercapai ataupun tidak, kita mesti mengakui realiti keadaan kita sekarang.
Tidak dinafikan bahawa setiap insan akan mengimpikan suatu bentuk kehidupan yang baik. Dalam konteks Islam, kehidupan yang baik bermaksud mewujudkan keseimbangan antara aspek kerohanian dengan aspek kebendaan dalam kegiatan harian. Bagi mencapai kehidupan yang baik di dunia dan akhirat, setiap insan sama ada suka ataupun tidak perlu memikirkan perancangan (planning) hala tuju kehidupan mereka.
Perancangan amat penting bagi semua manusia yang hidup di atas muka bumi ini. Hidup tanpa perancangan yang sistematik sedikit sebanyak akan menjadikan umat Islam akan terus berada dalam keadaan lemah, tidak berdaya dan hidup serba kekurangan.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2016). “Politik Kotor VS Politik Mulia”, Dakwah, Issue 33, May-June, Kuala Lu... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2016). “Politik Kotor VS Politik Mulia”, Dakwah, Issue 33, May-June, Kuala Lumpur: Yayasan Dakwah Islamiah Malaysia, p. 39-43.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2016). “Paradigma Tauhid Asas Kepemimpinan Islam”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, April... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2016). “Paradigma Tauhid Asas Kepemimpinan Islam”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, April, Vol. 04, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), 50-53
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2016). “Menangani Kes Kemalangan Jalan Raya”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, January, V... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2016). “Menangani Kes Kemalangan Jalan Raya”, Dewan Tamadun Islam, January, Vol. 01, ISSN 2289-2893. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP), p. 50-53.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2016). “Ke Mana Hala Tuju Mahasiswa Melayu-Islam?”, Dakwah, Issue 31, January... more Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2016). “Ke Mana Hala Tuju Mahasiswa Melayu-Islam?”, Dakwah, Issue 31, January-February, Kuala Lumpur: Yayasan Dakwah Islamiah Malaysia, 43-47.
This paper aims to examine the relationship between ethnoastronomy with maritime activities. Ethn... more This paper aims to examine the relationship between ethnoastronomy with maritime activities. Ethnoastronomy here refers to phenomenon like solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, and the lunar cycles, while maritime activity refers to the phenomenon of the tides, the waves, the wind, a bright and a dark moon, and so on. The question is, is it true that astronomical phenomenon causes changes to maritime activities? Does it also affect ocean life which should be taken into account by fishermen? To answer both of these questions, this study will only highlight studies and previous works related to the connection between astronomical phenomenon with maritime activity. Finally, this paper will conclude that astronomical phenomenon like solar eclipses, lunar eclipses and lunar cycles do cause changes to maritime activities such as tides, wave conditions, the wind, the light and dark moon and so on. Indirectly, all these factors affect ocean life and should be considered by fishermen, especially in order to firstly, determine their revenue and secondly, to ensure their own safety.
Proceedings The First AMRON (ASEAN Muslim Research Organization Network) International Conference “ASEAN Islamic Education: Change From Within Through Education”, Oct 2, 2010
Kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan menganalisis tasawwur yang diletakkan sebagai acuan... more Kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan menganalisis tasawwur yang diletakkan sebagai acuan atau tapak pendidikan Islam. Pendidikan Islam di sini merujuk kepada salah satu daripada proses pembangunan rohani dan jasmani manusia sebagai hamba dan khalifah Allah SWT di bumi. Hal ini mempamerkan bahawa pendidikan Islam itu adalah sebahagian daripada pembangunan berteraskan Islam (PBI). Oleh kerana pendidikan Islam itu sebahagian daripada PBI, maka acuannya juga adalah sama dengan acuan PBI. Persoalannya, apakah tasawwur yang diletakkan sebagai acuan PBI itu? Bagaimanakah PBI itu dibina beracuankan tasawwur Islam? Kenapakah tasawwur Islam yang dipilih sebagai acuan? Kertas kerja ini akan cuba menjawab semua persoalan ini dengan menganalisis tiga perkara utama. Pertama ialah meneliti konsep PBI. Kedua pula ialah meninjau konsep dan elemen-elemen asas tasawwur Islam, manakala ketiga ialah menganalisis tasawwur Islam yang diletakkan sebagai acuan PBI dan menghubungkannya dengan pendidikan Islam. Hal ini dibuat dengan menumpukan perbincangan kepada pandangan pemikir PBI Muhammad Syukri Salleh dan tokoh-tokoh pemikir Islam kontemporari yang lain. Semua pandangan ini ditinjau berdasarkan penulisan-penulisan yang sedia ada. Akhirnya kertas kerja ini merumuskan bahawa tasawwur Islam adalah acuan kepada PBI. Tasawwur Islam yang menjadi acuan pembinaan konsep dan pelaksanaan PBI ini jugalah diletakkan sebagai acuan pendidikan Islam.
Kata Kunci: Tasawwur, Pendidikan Islam, Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam
Man is a development actor whose accomplishments are measured by various development indexes, one... more Man is a development actor whose accomplishments are measured by various development indexes, one of which is the Human Development Index (HDI). HDI is a composite index that is used as a standard to measure human development achievements. Through these measurements it can be determined whether a country is developed, developing or underdeveloped. The question is, how is a human development achievement measured in HDI? What are the aspects of measurement? To what extent is the measurement of the human development achievement in the HDI in line with human function based on the Islamic-based development worldview? To answer these questions, this paper has two main objectives. First, identify aspects of human development achievement’s measurement in HDI, and second, to analyze aspects of human development achievement’s measurement in HDI based on the Islamic-based development worldview. As a result, library research using the content analysis method, finds that human development achievement in the HDI is measured based on health, education and living standards. It is clear that the measurement of human development achievement in the HDI is just from the physical aspect and ability alone. It does not take into account the spiritual aspect. Thus, the function of man measured based on human development achievements in the HDI are merely man in the physical sense, or pseudo-human, that is, man is not complete as a human being. It refers to physical strength, production capability and the human mind. Spiritual aspects such as faith and piety are not taken into account which suggests an inadequacy in the tools of measuring human development achievements from the Islamic-based development worldview. As such the measurements lack a holistic dimension of man. There is a stark silence on human's purpose (as a servant of Allah SWT) and role in this world (khalifah) that spans both the tangible as well as the intangible realm which forms part of the foundational premises of the Islamic-based development worldview.
Keywords: measurement, human being, Human Development Index, adequacy, Islamic-based development worldview
Kertas kerja ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis hubungkait antara perakaunan zakat padi deng... more Kertas kerja ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis hubungkait antara perakaunan zakat padi dengan kesejahteraan sosial para petani di Negeri Perlis. Penelitian dan penganalisisan ini dibuat berdasarkan buku panduan dan amalan perakaunan zakat pertanian di Negeri Perlis. Menurut Manual Pengurusan Pengiraan Zakat yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Wakaf, Zakat dan Haji (JAWHAR), perakaunan zakat pertanian dibuat dengan menolak kos pengeluaran daripada pendapatan kasar. Setelah itu barulah dikeluarkan zakat pertanian. Salah sebuah negeri yang didapati mengguna pakai manual JAWHAR ini ialah Negeri Perlis. Mereka bukan sahaja mengguna pakai manual ini, malah lebih daripada itu kerana selain menolak kos pengeluaran pertanian mereka juga menolak kos sara hidup. Hal ini bermakna, perakaunan zakat pertanian di Negeri Perlis dibuat dengan menolak kos pengeluaran pertanian dan kos sara hidup. Persoalannya, kenapakah Perlis mengamalkan hal sedemikian sedangkan fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh majoriti negeri di Malaysia tidak membenarkan kos pengeluaran pertanian ditolak daripada pendapatan kasar? Kenapakah Perlis membenarkan kos sara hidup ditolak? Apakah hujah dan alasan mereka dalam hal ini? Adakah mereka mengambil kira aspek kemaslahatan kesejahteraan sosial para petani? Bagi menjawab kesemua persoalan ini, perbincangan dalam kertas kerja ini dibahagikan kepada tiga bahagian. Pertama, membincangkan pandangan fuqaha’ tentang kos pengeluaran dan kos sara hidup; kedua, membincangkan keselarian amalan perakaunan zakat padi di Negeri Perlis dengan pandangan fuqaha’; dan ketiga, membincangkan hubungkait antara perakaunan zakat padi di Negeri Perlis dengan kesejahteraan sosial para petani. Berdasarkan analisis kandungan terhadap data sekunder dan data primer, kertas kerja ini mendapati amalan perakaunan zakat padi di Negeri Perlis adalah selari dengan pandangan fuqaha’. Mereka mempunyai hujah-hujah yang kukuh dan turut mengambil kira aspek kemaslahatan kesejahteraan sosial para petani.
Kata Kunci: perakaunan, zakat, usahawan tani, kos pengeluaran, dan kos sara hidup
Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan di International Social Development Conference (ICDC2014), anjuran Pusat Pengajian Pembangunan Sosial, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), pada 12-13 Ogos 2014, bertempat di Hotel Bayview, Langkawi, Kedah Darul Aman.
Konsep al-wasatiyyah merupakan salah satu daripada ciri-ciri khusus tasawur Islam. Berasaskan mak... more Konsep al-wasatiyyah merupakan salah satu daripada ciri-ciri khusus tasawur Islam. Berasaskan makna asal al-wasatiyyah iaitu pertengahan, konsep ini membawa pendekatan sederhana, adil dan terbaik. Ia bertujuan mengimbangi tindakan yang ekstrem dan melampau dalam setiap aspek kehidupan manusia. Selari dengan hasrat Kerajaan Malaysia untuk memupuk perpaduan dalam kalangan rakyatnya yang berbilang kaum dan mengelak daripada berlakunya kegasanan, maka Kerajaan Malaysia meletakkan konsep al-wasatiyyah ini sebagai pendekatan untuk melaksanakan Islam Hadhari dan Gagasan 1Malaysia (G1M). Persoalannya, apakah konsep al-wasatiyyah menurut tafsiran ayat 143 Surah al-Baqarah? Adakah konsep al-wasatiyyah yang dilaksanakan di Malaysia ini menepati konsep sebenar al-wasatiyyah menurut tafsiran ayat 143 Surah al-Baqarah? Untuk menjawab semua persoalan ini, kertas kerja ini mempunyai dua objektif. Pertama, mengenal pasti konsep al-wasatiyyah menurut tafsiran ayat 143 Surah al-Baqarah; dan kedua, menganalisis pelaksanaan konsep al-wasatiyyah di Malaysia berdasarkan tafsiran ayat 143 Surah al-Baqarah. Kajian kualitatif yang berbentuk penerokaan dan deskriptif ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Sebagai hasilnya, kajian ini mendapati bahawa konsep al-wasatiyyah menurut tafsiran ayat 143 Surah al-Baqarah tidak digunakan berdasarkan maksud zahir bahasanya sahaja kerana ia boleh membawa maksud pertengahan antara baik dengan buruk secara bercampur aduk atau antara adil dengan zalim sama-sama dilakukan. Pada hakikatnya, konsep al-wasatiyyah menurut tafsiran ayat 143 Surah al-Baqarah membawa mesej pelaksanaan kebaikan yang terbaik dengan tetap, teguh, betul dan istiqamah serta meninggalkan segala kemungkaran dan mencegahnya secara hikmah. Ia sama sekali tidak sama dengan slogan politik seperti Islam Hadhari, G1M, bersih cekap dan amanah, kepimpinan melalui teladan, dan lain-lain yang pelaksanaannya bersifat sementara.
Kata kunci: pelaksanaan, konsep, al-wasatiyyah, tafsiran, surah
Manusia merupakan pelaku pembangunan yang pencapaiannya diukur dengan pelbagai indeks pembangunan... more Manusia merupakan pelaku pembangunan yang pencapaiannya diukur dengan pelbagai indeks pembangunan, antaranya ialah Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (Human Development Index - HDI). HDI merupakan indeks komposit yang digunakan sebagai satu piawaian dalam mengukur pencapaian manusia. Melalui pengukuran ini dapat ditentukan sama ada sesebuah negara itu maju, membangun atau mundur. Persoalannya, bagaimanakah pencapaian manusia diukur dalam HDI? Apakah aspek-aspek pengukurannya? Adakah pengukuran pencapaian manusia dalam HDI ini mencukupi dan selari dengan fungsi manusia berdasarkan tasawur pembangunan berteraskan Islam (PBI)? Untuk menjawab semua persoalan ini, makalah ini mempunyai dua objektif utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti aspek pengukuran pencapaian manusia dalam HDI; dan kedua, menganalisis kecukupan pengukuran pencapaian manusia dalam HDI itu berdasarkan tasawur PBI. Sebagai hasilnya, kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan ini mendapati pencapaian manusia dalam HDI diukur berdasarkan aspek kesihatan, pendidikan dan taraf hidup. Jelaslah bahawa pengukuran pencapaian manusia dalam HDI hanya dari aspek fizikal dan keupayaannya semata-mata. Ia tidak mengambil kira aspek spiritual. Oleh itu, fungsi manusia yang diukur pencapaiannya dalam HDI hanyalah manusia fizikal, atau pseudo-manusia, iaitu manusia yang tidak lengkap sebagai satu manusia. Ia hanyalah merujuk kepada kekuatan fizikal, keupayaan produktiviti dan akal manusia. Aspek kerohanian seperti iman dan takwa tidak diambil kira. Hal ini jelas bertentangan dengan fungsi sebenar manusia berdasarkan tasawur PBI, iaitu sebagai hamba dan khalifah Allah SWT.
Kata Kunci: ukuran; pencapaian; indeks; pembangunan; tasawur
Kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengkaji tasawur yang mencorakkan pembangunan Negara Zikir (PNZ) di Ne... more Kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengkaji tasawur yang mencorakkan pembangunan Negara Zikir (PNZ) di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Negara Zikir merupakan salah satu daripada pendekatan pembangunan berteraskan Islam (PBI) yang diilhamkan oleh Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah sebagai sasaran utama Negara Brunei Darussalam ke arah membangunkan sebuah negara maju dan makmur berdasarkan undang-undang Islam selaras dengan visi dan misi negara maju 2035. Dalam usaha melaksanakan PBI sebegini, aspek tasawur merupakan antara cabaran utama yang patut dihadapi. Terdapat sesetengah pihak terutamanya dalam kalangan ahli pembangunan Islam arus perdana yang mendakwa tasawur pembangunan lazim (PL) boleh diguna pakai dalam pelaksanaan PBI asalkan ia tidak bertentangan dengan akidah dan syariat Islam. Persoalannya, apakah tasawur yang mencorakkan PNZ di Negara Brunei Darussalam? Adakah ia dicorakkan oleh tasawur Islam atau sebaliknya? Kertas kerja ini akan menjawab kedua-dua persoalan ini dengan memfokuskan perbincangan kepada tiga perkara utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti petikan-petikan Titah Baginda Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah yang berkaitan tasawur PNZ; kedua, menganalisis tasawur PNZ berdasarkan petikan-petikan Titah Baginda Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah yang dikenal pasti itu; dan ketiga, merumuskan tasawur PNZ di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Kajian ini merupakan kajian perpustakaan. Ia dilakukan dengan menganalisis kandungan petikan-petikan Titah Baginda Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah yang berkaitan tasawur PNZ. Akhirnya kertas kerja ini mendapati tasawur PNZ dicorakkan oleh tasawur Islam yang menjadi acuan kepada PBI. Walau bagaimanapun, perkara ini tidaklah dinyatakan secara langsung dalam petikan-petikan Titah Baginda Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.
Kata Kunci: tasawur, pembangunan, Negara Zikir, pembangunan berteraskan Islam
Perkara berkaitan agama di sesebuah negara kebiasaannya diletakkan di bawah kuasa Sultan atau pem... more Perkara berkaitan agama di sesebuah negara kebiasaannya diletakkan di bawah kuasa Sultan atau pemerintah. Setiap negara mempunyai institusi agama bagi melaksanakan urusan agama tersebut. Antara perkara yang termasuk dalam urusan agama itu ialah penentuan awal Syawal. Dalam menentukan awal Syawal di Negara Brunei Darussalam pasti terdapat prosedur operasi piawai (SOP) yang telah ditetapkan. Persoalannya, apakah SOP penentuan awal Syawal di Negara Brunei Darussalam? Di bawah enakmen manakah SOP tersebut diperuntukkan? Siapakah yang terlibat menjalankan SOP tersebut? Untuk menjawab semua persoalan ini, kajian ini mempunyai dua objektif utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti SOP penentuan awal Syawal di Negara Brunei Darussalam; kedua, menganalisis aplikasi SOP dalam penentuan awal Syawal di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Bagi mencapai objektif-objektif ini, kajian kualitatif ini mengguna pakai kaedah kepustakaan dan kaedah temu bual pakar dalam pengumpulan data. Semua data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Akhirnya, kertas kerja ini merumuskan bahawa SOP penentuan awal Syawal berasaskan Mimbar Fatwa 5 Negara Brunei Darussalam, dan diperuntukkan di bawah Bab 29 Akta Mahkamah-Mahkamah Syariah 1998. Ketua Hakim Syarie bertanggungjawab untuk merukyah anak bulan dengan bantuan Ketua Hakim Daerah, Jabatan Ukur dan Pegawai Hal Ehwal Agama. Disebabkan Negara Brunei Darussalam hanya menggunakan kaedah rukyah sahaja, maka ia mempunyai SOP yang tersendiri bersesuaian dengan asas fatwa dan akta yang diperuntukkan.
Kata Kunci: kaedah, penentuan, rukyah, hisab, bulan, prosedur operasi piawai (SOP)
Terdapat perbezaan kaedah penentuan awal Ramadan (puasa) dan Syawal (hari raya) di Asia Tenggara.... more Terdapat perbezaan kaedah penentuan awal Ramadan (puasa) dan Syawal (hari raya) di Asia Tenggara. Malaysia dan Indonesia menggunakan kaedah rukyah dan hisab, Singapura menggunakan kaedah hisab, manakala Brunei Darussalam hanya menggunakan kaedah rukyah. Perbezaan ini berlaku disebabkan oleh asas penggunaan sesuatu kaedah penentuan awal Ramadan dan Syawal yang berbeza. Asas di sini merujuk kepada dalil-dalil dan bentuk-bentuk istidlal (penghujahan). Persoalannya, apakah dalil-dalil yang dijadikan sandaran dalam penggunaan kaedah rukyah di Negara Brunei Darussalam? Bagaimanakah bentuk istidlal mereka berdasarkan dalil-dalil itu? Untuk menjawab semua persoalan ini, kajian ini mempunyai dua objektif utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti dalil-dalil yang dijadikan sandaran dalam penggunaan kaedah rukyah di Negara Brunei Darussalam; kedua, menganalisis bentuk-bentuk istidlal berdasarkan dalil-dalil yang dijadikan sandaran itu. Bagi mencapai objektif-objektif ini, kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan dan kaedah temu bual pakar dalam pengumpulan data. Semua data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Akhirnya, kertas kerja ini merumuskan bahawa dalil al-Qur’an dan Hadith yang dijadikan asas penggunaan kaedah rukyah di Negara Brunei Darussalam adalah sama dengan dalil al-Qur’an dan Hadith yang dijadikan asas penggunaan kaedah rukyah dan hisab di negara-negara Asia Tenggara yang lain. Cuma yang berbeza adalah bentuk-bentuk istidlalnya sahaja.
Kata Kunci: kaedah, penentuan, rukyah, hilal, Ramadan, Syawal
Di Malaysia, zakat pertanian hanya diwajibkan terhadap hasil tanaman padi kerana ia dikategorikan... more Di Malaysia, zakat pertanian hanya diwajibkan terhadap hasil tanaman padi kerana ia dikategorikan sebagai makanan asasi. Persoalannya, bagaimanakah pula dengan hasil-hasil pertanian yang tidak termasuk dalam kategori makanan asasi seperti kelapa, kelapa sawit, lada hitam, kopi, koko dan buah-buahan lain? Kenapakah dikenakan zakat perniagaan sedangkan asasnya juga adalah pertanian? Adakah disebabkan tanaman-tanaman selain padi ini diusahakan secara komersial? Bagaimanakah pula dengan tanaman padi yang diusahakan secara komersial tetapi tetap dikenakan zakat pertanian dan bukannya zakat perniagaan? Untuk menjawab semua persoalan ini, kertas kerja ini mempunyai dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti asas-asas perakauan zakat pertanian serta pandangan fuqaha’ berhubung jenis-jenis tanaman yang dikenakan zakat pertanian; dan kedua, menganalisis serta menilai perakaunan zakat hasil pertanian di Malaysia. Kajian ini merupakan kajian perpustakaan. Semua maklumat berkaitan akan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Bagi memperkukuhkan ekonomi umat Islam khususnya di Malaysia, kertas kerja ini merumuskan bahawa hasil-hasil pertanian yang tidak dikategorikan sebagai makanan asasi seperti kelapa, kelapa sawit, koko dan sebagainya patut juga dikenakan zakat pertanian kerana asasnya adalah pertanian. Malah sebahagian daripada hasil-hasil tanaman selain padi ini boleh menghasilkan kekayaan yang lebih lumayan berbanding hasil tanaman padi serta boleh disimpan lama melebihi tempoh setahun. Dalam hal ini, pandangan fuqaha’ dari kalangan Mazhab Abu Hanifah dan Mazhab Ahmad bin Hanbal boleh dijadikan sandaran.
Kata Kunci: Perakaunan, zakat, pertanian, makanan asasi
Pendidikan hari ini berjaya menghasilkan insan yang berpengetahuan dan berkemahiran, tetapi tidak... more Pendidikan hari ini berjaya menghasilkan insan yang berpengetahuan dan berkemahiran, tetapi tidak memiliki etika dan nilai yang sifatnya menyantuni. Hal ini membawa kepada kelahiran insan yang mempunyai sifat ego yang tinggi dan berbudi pekerti buruk. Akhirnya ia memberi kesan yang tidak baik kepada pengurusan sistem. Semua ini berlaku berpunca daripada kekacauan dan konflik yang berlaku hari ini akibat ketidakjelasan tasawur pendidikan. Persoalannya, apakah pendidikan yang beracuankan tasawur Islam? Apakah kepentingan tasawur dalam pendidikan? Bagi menjawab kedua-dua persoalan ini, kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan menganalisis fikrah Sidek Baba berkaitan pendidikan beracuankan tasawur Islami. Akhirnya kajian kualitatif ini yang menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan ini mendapati sistem pendidikan kini perlu beracuankan tasawur Islami supaya dapat melahirkan insan yang pengetahuan dan berkemahiran serta mempunyai etika dan nilai yang sifatnya menyantuni.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan, tasawur Islam, tasawur pendidikan, pengurusan sistem
Pendidikan hari ini berjaya menghasilkan insan yang berpengetahuan dan berkemahiran, tetapi tidak... more Pendidikan hari ini berjaya menghasilkan insan yang berpengetahuan dan berkemahiran, tetapi tidak memiliki etika dan nilai yang sifatnya menyantuni. Hal ini membawa kepada kelahiran insan yang mempunyai sifat ego yang tinggi dan berbudi pekerti buruk. Akhirnya ia memberi kesan yang tidak baik kepada pengurusan sistem. Semua ini berlaku berpunca daripada kekacauan dan konflik yang berlaku hari ini akibat ketidakjelasan tasawur pendidikan. Persoalannya, apakah pendidikan yang beracuankan tasawur Islam? Apakah kepentingan tasawur dalam pendidikan? Bagi menjawab kedua-dua persoalan ini, kertas kerja ini bertujuan mengenal pasti dan menganalisis fikrah Sidek Baba berkaitan pendidikan beracuankan tasawur Islami. Akhirnya kajian kualitatif ini yang menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan ini mendapati sistem pendidikan kini perlu beracuankan tasawur Islami supaya dapat melahirkan insan yang pengetahuan dan berkemahiran serta mempunyai etika dan nilai yang sifatnya menyantuni.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan, tasawur Islam, tasawur pendidikan, pengurusan sistem
In conventional economy, especially the liberalist-capitalist economic system widely applied pres... more In conventional economy, especially the liberalist-capitalist economic system widely applied presently, one who spends his income to maximise material utility is presumed to be something that is rational and encouraged. This is because maximum consumption of material utility is a measure of progress. However, maximising utility consumption to achieve material satisfaction could cause negative effects, especially serious debt problems and bankruptcy. This is due to consumers spending their income to maximise material satisfaction beyond their capability; thus, making them go into debt. The issue is as Muslims, what is the actual level of consumption that should be practiced. Is the measurement also based on the maximum consumption of utilities such as in the liberalist-capitalist economic system mainly practiced today or is there a specific measurement that offers a unique form of consumption. In relation to this issue, this working paper aimed to observe the consumerism phenomenon in the conventional economic system and explore the best (wasatiyyah) and prudent consumerism concept, which is otherwise known as wasatiyyah-consumerism. In order to achieve this objective, this study had only explored ideas related to the wasatiyyah-consumerism concept. The study found that the wasatiyyah-consumerism concept applied the tawhid (monotheism) philosophy, a level of consumerism rooted in the maqasid al-syari‘ah component and aimed at achieving the blessings of Allah SWT.
Halal and green concepts exist in numerous fields of study and are accepted universally. Neverthe... more Halal and green concepts exist in numerous fields of study and are accepted universally. Nevertheless, there are still some related issues. First, both these concepts are applied separately although it is important to integrate them so that to create a management model that is holistic and comprehensive by incorporating both the physical and spiritual values. Second, the formation and implementation of the current halal and green concepts is eclectic and superficial in character because it focuses too much on tangible elements and materialistic achievements. Based on these issues, this working paper intended to study and build a halal-green concept based on the main source of Islamic knowledge, which al-Qur’an. The study and development was initiated based on the halalan tayyiban concept found in al-Qur’an using the thematic exegesis method. The findings showed that the halal-green concept emphasised tangible elements without neglecting the intangible elements, namely the spiritual and emotional (qalbu) elements. The concept also contains three dimensions such as the relationship between humans and Allah SWT as the Creator, the relationship amongst humans and the relationship between humans and nature. The integration of the halal and green concepts could be used to solve management issues in a more holistic and comprehensive manner.
In the administration and development of the Malaysian nation-state, each prime minister has cont... more In the administration and development of the Malaysian nation-state, each prime minister has contributed and exhibited his distinct leadership style. Abdul Razak Hussein and Mahathir Mohamad’s contributions and leadership, especially in the nation-state’s development and modernisation, are well-recognised by Malaysians. They referred to Razak as the Development Father while Mahathir is known as the Father of Modernisation. Their leaderships’ effectiveness is also evident in their outstanding achievements based on the policies and actions during their tenure as the nation’s leaders. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the achievement-oriented aspects of Razak-Mahathir leadership in Malaysia’s nation-state development. A qualitative historical descriptive design was used as the research methodology where the primary source of this study was the texts of the two prime ministers’ speeches. These sources are qualitatively analysed to explore the qualities of leadership they practised t...
The International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2017
Each development scheme will surely have a development actor(s). In both, Islamic-based and conve... more Each development scheme will surely have a development actor(s). In both, Islamic-based and conventional development theories, the actors are humans. However, the function of humans as actors in both these theories differs. Thus, what is the function of humans as development actors in the conventional development theory? Is it in line with the Quranic Worldview? In order to answer these two questions, this working paper had two main objectives. First, to determine the function of humans as development actors in the conventional development theory. Second, to analyse the function of humans as development actors in the conventional development theory based on the Quranic worldview. This study, which used document research and the content analysis method, found that in the conventional development theory, humans were valued for their physical ability and not their spiritual aspect. This theory treats humans as pseudo-humans or incomplete humans. It only refers to physical strength, pro...
Dalam membangunkan negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, ada sesetengah pi... more Dalam membangunkan negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, ada sesetengah pihak dalam kalangan umat Islam mendakwa teori pembangunan lazim (PL) boleh digunakan asalkan ia tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Pemikiran sebegini telah lama wujud dalam ekonomi Islam. Ia dikenali sebagai aliran pemikiran akomodatif-modifikasi dengan sifat elektisme-metodologik. Berhubung isu inilah, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mencapai dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengenal pasti latar belakang kemunculan teori PL serta tasawurnya dan kedua, menganalisis tasawur teori PL tersebut daripada perspektif tasawur Islam. Kajian kualitatif yang berbentuk penjelasan ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis elemen-elemen tasawur teori PL. Kajian ini mendapati teori PL tidak boleh digunakan untuk membangunkan negara-negara umat Islam dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan Islam, kerana falsafah atau tasawurnya jelas berpaksikan Falsafah Pasca-Klasikal dan Fal...
This working paper intends to examine the Islamic worldview (tasawwur) that has designed the Mala... more This working paper intends to examine the Islamic worldview (tasawwur) that has designed the Malaysian Syariah Index (MSI). The MSI is one of the Islamic based Development Index (IbD-i) built based on the five elements of maqasid syariah, which are preservation of religion, the soul, heredity, the mind and property. The aim of the index is to measure and evaluate Malaysia’s level of seriousness in enhancing the level of syariah compliance in every policy and administrative program as well as national development. As a pioneering initiative and newly introduced, the worldview aspect is among the main issues that should be emphasized because this aspect would design the entire operational level of the MSI. Some quarters, especially among the mainstream developers of Islam, have alleged that conventional worldview is applicable in building MSI as long as it is not contrary to aqidah (staunch belief) and Islamic syariah. The question is what kind of worldview would design the MSI? Is it...
Consumers have different types of preferences, which are directly affected by price and service q... more Consumers have different types of preferences, which are directly affected by price and service quality. In this research study, it is discovered on how consumer preferences in the airline industry can be affected by the two variables mentioned and how they can contribute to the levels of consumer satisfaction. Focus has been given to consumers who have experienced MAS and/or Air Asia airlines. Hence, comparison can be made based on the consumers’ reaction towards the price and service quality of both Malaysia Airlines System (MAS), and Air Asia. These tools include descriptive analysis, one independent t-test and Chi Square test. In conclusion, after working on this research, the results show that there is significant relationship between price and service quality in the airline industry that contributes in influencing consumer decision making.
Kertas kerja ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis konsep Negara Zikir di Negara Brunei Darussa... more Kertas kerja ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis konsep Negara Zikir di Negara Brunei Darussalam.Negara Zikir merupakan suatu impian baharu yang diilhamkan oleh Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah sebagai sasaran utama Negara Brunei Darussalam ke arah melahirkan sebuah negara maju dan makmur berdasarkan undang-undang Islam selaras dengan perkembangan negara, visi dan misi negara maju menjelang 2035.Idea dan hasrat Baginda ini cukup baik sekali kerana benar-benar berkeinginan untuk melihat masyarakat Islam di Negara Brunei Darussalam cemerlang dalam pelbagai aspek kerana rahmat dan berkat zikir.Namun, untuk mencapai kecemerlangan tersebut, semua masyarakat Islam perlu memahami konseptualisasi Negara Zikir itu terlebih dahulu supaya mereka benar-benar meyakininya sebagai acuan dan landasan yang sangat diperlukan.Tidak dinafikan juga, kemungkinan terdapat sesetengah pihak yang salah faham tentang konsep Negara Zikir ini dengan beranggapan N...
The Ban Nua Muslim community is a Muslim community that is smack in themiddle of the non-Muslim c... more The Ban Nua Muslim community is a Muslim community that is smack in themiddle of the non-Muslim community (Buddhist) in Hatyai, Thailand. Althoughthey are a small community and are is such a predicament, they are still able toimplement Islamic-based development (IbD). In other words, they are able todevelop an Islamic community complete with numerous infrastructures such as amosque, not only as a place for prayer but it has a clinic, a library, a conferencehall, a cooperative and a Zakat Centre (Baitul Zakat). Besides that, this Islamiccommunity has a school that adheres to the Islamic education system. They notonly have worked hard to develop the physical aspects but also the spiritualaspects. The physical aspects were developed through general religious servitudesuch as employment, seeking knowledge, stimulating the community’s economy, business and homestay services, while the spiritual aspects were developed through specific religious servitudes such as prayers, fasting, running...
Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis kos penanaman (KP) dan kos sara hidup (KSH) dalam ... more Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti dan menganalisis kos penanaman (KP) dan kos sara hidup (KSH) dalam amalan perakaunan zakat padi di Malaysia, sama ada ia ditolak daripada pendapatan kasar (PK) atau pun tidak. Di Malaysia, terdapat pelbagai kaedah perakaunan zakat padi yang diamalkan. Ada negeri yang tidak menolak kedua-dua kos tersebut; ada pula negeri yang menolak KP sahaja; dan ada juga yang bertindak menolak kedua-duanya daripada PK. Persoalannya, kenapakah terdapat negeri yang membenarkan KP ditolak daripada PK sedangkan fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh majoriti negeri di Malaysia tidak membenarkan KP tersebut ditolak daripada PK? Kenapakah pula terdapat negeri yang bukan sahaja membenarkan penolakan KP, malah turut ditolak KSH? Apakah asas mereka dalam hal ini? Bagi menjawab kesemua persoalan ini, perbincangan dalam kajian ini dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian. Pertama, mengenal pasti KP dan KSH dalam amalan perakaunan zakat padi di Malaysia; dan kedua, menganalisis KP dan KSH dalam amal...
Dense technology development nowadays leads to various new issues especially in the law determina... more Dense technology development nowadays leads to various new issues especially in the law determination. Most of the problems have never happened before; in fact they have never been discussed in details in the books of fiqh previously. Moreover, the qualification of a mufti is usually in their main field which is in sharia studies. In encountering the problems, fatwa institution becomes the most affected body due to its role to solve the problems from the aspect of religion. Therefore, fatwa institutions in Malaysia need to take appropriate actions to get along with technology progress. This article intends to see the challenges faced by fatwa institutions in Malaysia and resolving measures executed to solve problems happening due to the technology development. This article is divided into two objectives. First, the roles of fatwa institutions in Malaysia. Second, the challenges and solutions performed by fatwa institutions to problems regarding technology. This study used documentat...
This article aims to examine and analyze the development worldview (tasawwur) in the Qur’an. The ... more This article aims to examine and analyze the development worldview (tasawwur) in the Qur’an. The examination and analysis is based on the selected verses of the Qur’an that are related to development worldview. In the Qur'an, the verses of the development worldview are actually located separately in many chapters (surah). The question then is which ones of the verses could be accounted as the verses of the development worldview? What are the conceptual elements of the development worldview in the Qur'an that could be constructed from these verses? This article attempts to seek for the answer through three main purposes. Firstly, to identify the selected verses of the Qur'an that are related to the development worldview. Secondly, to analyze the conceptual elements of the development worldview in the identified Quranic verses; and thirdly, to develop the conceptual elements of the development worldview based on the identified verses of the Qur‘an. All these are analyzed u...
This study aims analyze the potential of attractions in Madura to become sharia tourism destinati... more This study aims analyze the potential of attractions in Madura to become sharia tourism destinations. Next will measure the level of community readiness and development strategies for Islamic tourism in Madura. To analyze the potential of sharia tourism objects, they use observational analysis and public perceptions about the suitability of tourism objects with sharia tourism. As for the analysis of the development of Islamic tourism on the island of Madura using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The results showed that, Madura has the potential to become a sharia tourist destination, because has a potential tourist attraction to be developed into an Islamic tourist attraction. Second , the Madurese people already have an understanding of sharia tourism, this will be a big capital for Madura to become sharia tourism destinations in Indonesia. Citizen Branding Strategy can be a top priority in efforts to develop Islamic tourism on the island of Madura.
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Journal/E-Journal by Mohd Shukri Hanapi
identify Jahiliyyah practices that are allegedly accepted and
practiced in Islam. Secondly, to analyze the worldview of
these Jahiliyyah-origin practices within an Islamic
worldview construct. The analysis was based on selected
practices of the Jahiliyyah that were adopted by Rasulullah
SAW. This historiography study concludes that the
similarities of these practices, if any, eventhough are similar
to those practiced by the Jahiliyyah, were only restricted to
its names and terms, while the structure and roots were
revamped by Rasulullah SAW. The divine revelations
received by Rasulullah SAW are proof that Islam is
absolutely free from Jahiliyyah practices. The arguments
used by those who advocate the use of conventional ideas to
solve problems related to Islam are therefore, incorrect.
Keywords: philosophy, halal science, Islamic science, holistic, tauhid
Key-words: Thought, maqasid al-syariah, mainstream Islamic economics
Keywords: Consumerism, halal, green, halal-green
penggunaan utiliti bagi mencapai kepuasan material sebegini boleh menimbulkan kesan negatif terutamanya masalah keberhutangan yang serius dan muflis. Masalah ini berlaku apabila para pengguna membelanjakan pendapatannya bagi tujuan memaksimumkan kepuasan material melampaui kemampuan. Justeru, mereka terpaksa berhutang. Sebagai umat Islam, bagaimanakah penggunaan yang
sepatutnya diamalkan? Apakah ukurannya juga berasaskan kepenggunaan utiliti yang maksimum seperti dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis yang banyak diamalkan sekarang ataupun terdapat ukuran yang khusus hingga melahirkan satu bentuk kepenggunaan yang unik? Berhubung isu inilah, makalah ini bertujuan meneliti fenomena kepenggunaan
dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis dan meneroka satu model kepenggunaan yang lebih berhemah dan terbaik (wasatiyyah). Dalam perkataan lain, ia dikenali sebagai kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah. Bagi mencapai
objektif ini, kajian ini hanya melibatkan penerokaan idea berkaitan model kepenggunaan wasatiyyah. Hasilnya ia menemukan model kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah yang berfalsafahkan tauhid, tahap kepenggunaan yang berakar umbikan komponen maqasid al-syari‘ah dan
bermatlamatkan mencapai keredaan Allah SWT.
Kata Kunci: kepenggunaan, wasatiyyah, fenomena, ekonomi, liberal-kapitalis
Keywords: mould, research, scientific, knowledge, fardu ‘ayn
Keywords: ethnoastronomy, astronomical phenomenon, astronomy, activity, maritime
Keywords: zakat, non-Muslim, Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA)
Keywords: Behaviour, asnaf (those who qualify to receive zakat), assistance, zakat
Abstact
This paper aims to examine and analyze the political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of the political conflicts between Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib R.A. with Mu'awiya bin Abi Sufyan. The political conflict occurred when both parties want a similar requirement. This coupled with the constraints of both parties. With that act the clash of values, interests, action, direction, status and various desires. The highlight of it, I settled on was a political strategy and war. Regardless of whether the conflict is small or large, it should be managed through a good method to ensure the integrity, stability, security and prosperity of the country is preserved. The question is whether the political conflict management methods based teaching political conflicts Ali, Muawiya? To answer this question, the discussion in this paper is divided into two parts. First, discuss the case of Ali, Muawiya political conflict; and second, to discuss political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of Ali-political conflict that Mu'awiya. A qualitative study using content analysis found political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of Ali, Muawiya political conflict has several elements, which are
Keywords: Ibn al-Haytham, Philosophy, Scientific research, Islamic research methodology, Tasawwur
Mohd Syahmir Alias & Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “Ibn Al-Haytham’s Philosophy on Scientific Research Applied in Islamic Research Methodology: Analysis from Tasawwur, Epistemology and Ontology Perspectives”, International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology (IJBHT), Vol. 5, No. 1, February, ISSN 2162-1357 (Print), 2162-1381 (Online), Centre for Promoting Ideas (CPI), USA, p.p 83-93.
Keywords: worldview, index, maqasid syariah, Islamic-based development
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “The Islamic-Based Development Index (IBD-I) Worldview: A Case of The Malaysian Syariah Index (MSI)”, Asia Pasific Journal of Advanced Business and Social Studies (APJABSS), Vol. 1, Issue 1, ISSN (eBook): 978 0 9943656 7 5, Asia Pasific Institute of Advanced Research (APIAR), Adelaide, Australia, p.p 168-179.
of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam, there surely is a predetermined SOP. The question is what is the SOP in determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam? Under which enactment is it allocated? Who is involved in executing the SOP? To answer all of these questions, this study has two main objectives. First, to identify the SOP of determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam; second, to analyze the application of the SOP in determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam. In order to achieve these objectives, this qualitative study adopted the method of literature review and interview of experts in
collecting data. All data were analyzed using content analysis method. Finally, this paper concludes that the determination of the arrival of Shawwal is based on Mimbar Fatwa 5 Negara
Brunei Darussalam, and allocated under 29 of the Syariah Courts Act 1998. The Chief Syari’e Judge is responsible in the rukyah of the new moon with the help of the Syariah Judges, Officers of the Survey Department, Ministry of Development and the Officials of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Because Brunei Darussalam used the rukyah method solely, it has its own SOP in accordance to the principle of fatwa and the allocated act.
Keywords: method, determining, rukyah, hisab, moon, standard operating procedure (SOP)
Shahir Akram Hassan & Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in Determining the Arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam”, Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Vol. 10, Issue 10, E-ISSN: 1465–2382, Impact Factor 0.425, OXFORD Academic Studies Press (OASP), London, United Kingdom, p.p 27-36.
identify Jahiliyyah practices that are allegedly accepted and
practiced in Islam. Secondly, to analyze the worldview of
these Jahiliyyah-origin practices within an Islamic
worldview construct. The analysis was based on selected
practices of the Jahiliyyah that were adopted by Rasulullah
SAW. This historiography study concludes that the
similarities of these practices, if any, eventhough are similar
to those practiced by the Jahiliyyah, were only restricted to
its names and terms, while the structure and roots were
revamped by Rasulullah SAW. The divine revelations
received by Rasulullah SAW are proof that Islam is
absolutely free from Jahiliyyah practices. The arguments
used by those who advocate the use of conventional ideas to
solve problems related to Islam are therefore, incorrect.
Keywords: philosophy, halal science, Islamic science, holistic, tauhid
Key-words: Thought, maqasid al-syariah, mainstream Islamic economics
Keywords: Consumerism, halal, green, halal-green
penggunaan utiliti bagi mencapai kepuasan material sebegini boleh menimbulkan kesan negatif terutamanya masalah keberhutangan yang serius dan muflis. Masalah ini berlaku apabila para pengguna membelanjakan pendapatannya bagi tujuan memaksimumkan kepuasan material melampaui kemampuan. Justeru, mereka terpaksa berhutang. Sebagai umat Islam, bagaimanakah penggunaan yang
sepatutnya diamalkan? Apakah ukurannya juga berasaskan kepenggunaan utiliti yang maksimum seperti dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis yang banyak diamalkan sekarang ataupun terdapat ukuran yang khusus hingga melahirkan satu bentuk kepenggunaan yang unik? Berhubung isu inilah, makalah ini bertujuan meneliti fenomena kepenggunaan
dalam sistem ekonomi liberal-kapitalis dan meneroka satu model kepenggunaan yang lebih berhemah dan terbaik (wasatiyyah). Dalam perkataan lain, ia dikenali sebagai kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah. Bagi mencapai
objektif ini, kajian ini hanya melibatkan penerokaan idea berkaitan model kepenggunaan wasatiyyah. Hasilnya ia menemukan model kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah yang berfalsafahkan tauhid, tahap kepenggunaan yang berakar umbikan komponen maqasid al-syari‘ah dan
bermatlamatkan mencapai keredaan Allah SWT.
Kata Kunci: kepenggunaan, wasatiyyah, fenomena, ekonomi, liberal-kapitalis
Keywords: mould, research, scientific, knowledge, fardu ‘ayn
Keywords: ethnoastronomy, astronomical phenomenon, astronomy, activity, maritime
Keywords: zakat, non-Muslim, Acehnese Dayah Ulama (HUDA)
Keywords: Behaviour, asnaf (those who qualify to receive zakat), assistance, zakat
Abstact
This paper aims to examine and analyze the political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of the political conflicts between Sayyidina Ali bin Abi Talib R.A. with Mu'awiya bin Abi Sufyan. The political conflict occurred when both parties want a similar requirement. This coupled with the constraints of both parties. With that act the clash of values, interests, action, direction, status and various desires. The highlight of it, I settled on was a political strategy and war. Regardless of whether the conflict is small or large, it should be managed through a good method to ensure the integrity, stability, security and prosperity of the country is preserved. The question is whether the political conflict management methods based teaching political conflicts Ali, Muawiya? To answer this question, the discussion in this paper is divided into two parts. First, discuss the case of Ali, Muawiya political conflict; and second, to discuss political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of Ali-political conflict that Mu'awiya. A qualitative study using content analysis found political conflict management methods based on lessons learned from the case of Ali, Muawiya political conflict has several elements, which are
Keywords: Ibn al-Haytham, Philosophy, Scientific research, Islamic research methodology, Tasawwur
Mohd Syahmir Alias & Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “Ibn Al-Haytham’s Philosophy on Scientific Research Applied in Islamic Research Methodology: Analysis from Tasawwur, Epistemology and Ontology Perspectives”, International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology (IJBHT), Vol. 5, No. 1, February, ISSN 2162-1357 (Print), 2162-1381 (Online), Centre for Promoting Ideas (CPI), USA, p.p 83-93.
Keywords: worldview, index, maqasid syariah, Islamic-based development
Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “The Islamic-Based Development Index (IBD-I) Worldview: A Case of The Malaysian Syariah Index (MSI)”, Asia Pasific Journal of Advanced Business and Social Studies (APJABSS), Vol. 1, Issue 1, ISSN (eBook): 978 0 9943656 7 5, Asia Pasific Institute of Advanced Research (APIAR), Adelaide, Australia, p.p 168-179.
of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam, there surely is a predetermined SOP. The question is what is the SOP in determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam? Under which enactment is it allocated? Who is involved in executing the SOP? To answer all of these questions, this study has two main objectives. First, to identify the SOP of determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam; second, to analyze the application of the SOP in determining the arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam. In order to achieve these objectives, this qualitative study adopted the method of literature review and interview of experts in
collecting data. All data were analyzed using content analysis method. Finally, this paper concludes that the determination of the arrival of Shawwal is based on Mimbar Fatwa 5 Negara
Brunei Darussalam, and allocated under 29 of the Syariah Courts Act 1998. The Chief Syari’e Judge is responsible in the rukyah of the new moon with the help of the Syariah Judges, Officers of the Survey Department, Ministry of Development and the Officials of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Because Brunei Darussalam used the rukyah method solely, it has its own SOP in accordance to the principle of fatwa and the allocated act.
Keywords: method, determining, rukyah, hisab, moon, standard operating procedure (SOP)
Shahir Akram Hassan & Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2015). “Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in Determining the Arrival of Shawwal in Brunei Darussalam”, Social Science and Humanities Journal (SSHJ), Vol. 10, Issue 10, E-ISSN: 1465–2382, Impact Factor 0.425, OXFORD Academic Studies Press (OASP), London, United Kingdom, p.p 27-36.
Kata Kunci: Perakaunan, zakat, pertanian, penilaian, makanan asasi, komersial
Kata kunci: al-fu’ad, al-mawdu‘iy, metodologi penelitian Islami, aksiologi, teleologi
Kata Kunci: perakaunan, zakat pertanian, hasil kasar, hasil bersih
Kata Kunci: perakaunan, zakat pertanian, hasil kasar, hasil bersih
Kata Kunci: tradisi, pemikiran, metode, penelitian, hadith al-mawdu‘iy
Kata kunci: Andaian, sumber alam, terhad, pembangunan lazim, tasawur
Kata Kunci: Tasawur, ekonomi Islam, akomodatif-modifikasi, eklektisme-metodologik
Makalah ini dibentangkan di Konferensi Internasional Pembangunan Islam I (KIPI-I), anjuran Universitas Jember, Indonesia, pada 16-21 September 2014, bertempat di Universitas Jember, Indonesia.
PBI yang dibina beracuankan tasawur Islam itu mempunyai enam pola. Pertama, berpaksikan tauhid; kedua, berkaedahkan pengabdian diri kepada Allah SWT; ketiga, manusia hamba dan khalifah sebagai pelaku pembangunan; keempat, sumber alam sebagai alat atau wasilah pembangunan; kelima, keseimbangan antara dunia dan akhirat; dan keenam, bermatlamat mencapai keredhaan Allah SWT.
Akhir sekali penulis merumuskan bahawa PBI yang dibina beracuankan tasawur Islam ini paling tidak mempunyai lima kekuatan. Pertama, sumbernya adalah wahyu; kedua, tunjangnya adalah tauhid; ketiga, elemen-elemen asasnya adalah merangkumi hubungan manusia dengan Allah SWT, hubungan manusia sesama manusia dan hubungan manusia dengan sumber alam; keempat, tempoh masanya adalah meliputi alam roh, alam dunia dan alam akhirat; dan kelima, matlamatnya adalah untuk mendapatkan keredhaan Allah SWT.
Kamus ini menyenaraikan lebih daripada 100 istilah yang berkaitan Undang‐Undang Jenayah Syari’ah yang masyhur dan seringkali didengar. Semua diberi makna serta huraian istilah‐istilah itu disertai dengan contoh‐contohnya agar pembaca dapat memahaminya dengan mudah dan mendalam. Semua huraian berdasarkan al‐Qur’an, Hadis dan pelbagai kitab rujukan yang autoritatif.
2003-ISBN 983-2617-09-X
Keywords: consumerism, wasatiyyah, phenomenon, economy, conventional
Dr. Mohd Shukri Hanapi, Pensyarah Kanan di Pusat Kajian Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam (ISDEV), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang.
Akal merupakan nikmat Allah SWT yang paling besar kepada manusia. Dengan akal manusia dapat memahami dengan berfikir, membezakan, membuat kesimpulan, mencipta dan sebagainya. Melalui kelebihan yang Allah SWT kurniakan ini, maka manusia haruslah memanfaatkan dan menggunakannya semaksima yang mungkin demi kemaslahatan dunia dan akhirat.
Akal dalam bahasa Arab diistilahkan sebagai fikr yang bermaksud menggunakan akal terhadap sesuatu perkara serta memahaminya. Apabila perkataan fikr ini digandingkan dengan perkataan Islami, maka ia bermaksud penggunaan akal dalam mentafsirkan dan menggambarkan Islam berdasarkan sumber al-Qur’an dan Sunnah. Pemikiran dan penterjemahan perilaku ini yang disalurkan daripada akal seseorang Muslim, seterusnya membawa kepada makna fikrah Islami. Jelas di sini bahawa fikrah Islami adalah manifestasi ajaran Allah SWT yang lengkap, syumul dan merangkumi seluruh kehidupan individu Mukmin.
Dalam tradisi Islam, persoalan fikrah Islami menjadi sesuatu yang amat penting supaya asas berfikir seseorang itu dibina berlandaskan al-Qur’an dan Sunnah dalam memahami Islam dan kehidupan.
Isu pembentukan fikrah yang menggabungkan elemen naqliyyah (wahyu) dan elemen aqliyyah (akal) adalah supaya berlaku suatu sintisis atau sinergi yang menjadi asas binaan tasawur.
Darul Quran Ittifaqiyah di Keramat, Kuala Lumpur
yang meragut nyawa 23 pelajar termasuk guru dan warden pada September lalu cukup meruntun perasaan semua orang. Akhirnya, polis berjaya menahan
tujuh individu yang semuanya masih berusia beiasan tahun. Hasil siasatan mendapati suspek yangr ditahan ada yang mempunyai rekod jenayah lampau dan mereka sudah tidak lagi bersekolah. Berdasarkan kes yang berlaku ini, terdapat beberapa iktibar penting yang boleh direnungi bersama.
Persoalannya di sini, apakah yang mereka maksudkan dengan pentafsiran semula al-Qur’an? Adakah ia merujuk kepada mentafsir semula al-Qur’an dengan bebas menggunakan logik akal semata-mata? atau adakah ia merujuk kepada mentafsir semula al-Qur’an dengan tidak mengetepikan tafsiran yang muktabar, tetapi dikembangkan tafsiran itu agar ia sesuai dengan realiti kehidupan pada masa ini?
Dalam usaha mentafsirkan semula al-Qur’an ini, apakah ia melibatkan semua ayat al-Qur’an? Adakah ia boleh dilakukan oleh sesiapa sahaja? atau terdapat kriteria-kriteria tertentu yang melayakkan seseorang itu untuk mentafsir al-Qur’an? dan bagaimanakah cara untuk mengelakkan wujudnya golongan yang mungkin mengambil kesempatan mentafsir ayat-ayat al-Qur’an untuk kepentingan diri?
Misalnya, masalah pembaziran makanan oleh rakyat Malaysia bernilai RM4.4 trilion setahun; hutang yang tinggi sebagaimana Kajian Indeks Sentimen Pelabur Manulife (MISI) yang mendapati hampir 68 peratus rakyat Malaysia dibebani hutang dan meletakkan Malaysia dalam kelompok lapan pasaran negara di Asia yang mempunyai kadar hutang isi rumah yang tinggi; dan isu muflis sebagaimana rekod Jabatan Insolvensi Malaysia, sebanyak 97,215 kes muflis dicatatkan di negara ini sepanjang tempoh 2012 sehingga September 2016. Daripada jumlah itu, sebanyak 22,581 kes, atau 23 peratus, membabitkan kategori dewasa muda, atau Gen Y, yang berumur antara 25 hingga 34 tahun diisytiharkan muflis, selain sebanyak 1,157 kes membabitkan mereka berumur di bawah umur 25 tahun. Menurut Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Agensi Kaunseling dan Pengurusan Kredit (AKPK), Azaddin Ngah Tasir sebagaimana yang dilaporkan dalam Berita Harian (16 September 2016), antara sebab utama muflis kerana gagal melunaskan pinjaman sewa beli kenderaan membabitkan 26,801 kes, atau 27.6 peratus, disusuli pinjaman peribadi 22,153 kes, atau 22.8 peratus dan pinjaman perumahan 18,819 kes, atau 19.4 peratus. Hal ini berpunca daripada kegagalan merancang kewangan dengan baik. Meskipun rumah dan kenderaan itu suatu keperluan, namun para pengguna patut mengambil kira kemampuan dan pendapatan mereka.
Bagi sistem ekonomi liberal kapitalis yang diguna pakai secara meluas pada ketika ini, membelanjakan pendapatan yang diperoleh bagi tujuan memaksimumkan kepuasan material merupakan sesuatu yang rasional dan sangat digalakkan. Hal ini kerana kemajuan diukur dengan penggunaan utiliti material yang maksimum. Semakin tinggi kadar kepenggunaan utiliti material, semakin tinggilah tahap kemajuan. Meskipun begitu, penggunaan maksimum bagi mencapai kepuasan material sebegini boleh menimbulkan kesan negatif seperti yang dinyatakan sebelum ini. Perkara ini berlaku apabila para pengguna yang berpendapatan rendah terpaksa berhutang untuk memaksimumkan penggunaan utiliti material mereka.
Dalam keadaan Kerajaan Malaysia berusaha merealisasikan konsep wasatiyyah, bentuk kepenggunaan yang berdasarkan konsep wasatiyyah itu patut dibina. Persoalannya, bagaimanakah bentuk kepenggunaan berdasarkan konsep wasatiyyah? Apakah ukurannya juga berasaskan kepenggunaan utiliti yang maksimum seperti dalam sistem ekonomi liberal kapitalis yang diamalkan di Malaysia ataupun terdapat ukuran yang khusus hingga melahirkan satu bentuk kepenggunaan-wasatiyyah yang unik?
Tidak dinafikan bahawa setiap insan akan mengimpikan suatu bentuk kehidupan yang baik. Dalam konteks Islam, kehidupan yang baik bermaksud mewujudkan keseimbangan antara aspek kerohanian dengan aspek kebendaan dalam kegiatan harian. Bagi mencapai kehidupan yang baik di dunia dan akhirat, setiap insan sama ada suka ataupun tidak perlu memikirkan perancangan (planning) hala tuju kehidupan mereka.
Perancangan amat penting bagi semua manusia yang hidup di atas muka bumi ini. Hidup tanpa perancangan yang sistematik sedikit sebanyak akan menjadikan umat Islam akan terus berada dalam keadaan lemah, tidak berdaya dan hidup serba kekurangan.
Kata Kunci: Tasawwur, Pendidikan Islam, Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam
Keywords: measurement, human being, Human Development Index, adequacy, Islamic-based development worldview
Kata Kunci: perakaunan, zakat, usahawan tani, kos pengeluaran, dan kos sara hidup
Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan di International Social Development Conference (ICDC2014), anjuran Pusat Pengajian Pembangunan Sosial, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), pada 12-13 Ogos 2014, bertempat di Hotel Bayview, Langkawi, Kedah Darul Aman.
Kata kunci: pelaksanaan, konsep, al-wasatiyyah, tafsiran, surah
Kata Kunci: ukuran; pencapaian; indeks; pembangunan; tasawur
Kata Kunci: tasawur, pembangunan, Negara Zikir, pembangunan berteraskan Islam
Kata Kunci: kaedah, penentuan, rukyah, hisab, bulan, prosedur operasi piawai (SOP)
Kata Kunci: kaedah, penentuan, rukyah, hilal, Ramadan, Syawal
Kata Kunci: Perakaunan, zakat, pertanian, makanan asasi
Kata kunci: Pendidikan, tasawur Islam, tasawur pendidikan, pengurusan sistem
Kata kunci: Pendidikan, tasawur Islam, tasawur pendidikan, pengurusan sistem
Keywords: consumerism, wasatiyyah, phenomenon, economy, conventional
Keywords: concept, halal-green, al-Qur’an, thematic, exegesis