Proceeding Papers by Syafiq Shaharuddin
The understanding the implication of biotic component, especially freshwater phytoplankton in the... more The understanding the implication of biotic component, especially freshwater phytoplankton in the man-made
stormwater constructed wetland under tropical climate condition in Malaysia still rare and less documented. Thus,
the aim of the this study is to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal (as an important element
for freshwater phytoplankton) in the stormwater constructed wetland in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), which
designed based on Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) first edition, 2001, to the
freshwater phytoplankton communities, as a primary food chain in aquatic life. This paper also will elaborate the
detail design of stormwater constructed wetland during the first construction design was being made. Four (4)
main nutrients was measured; nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate, together with other
supporting data such as water temperature, total suspended solid, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical
oxygen demand (COD), pH, DO and conductivity. The phytoplankton sampling was conducted at the same time
of water quality sampling. The results showed that the concentration of nutrient (especially nitrogen and
phosphorus) continuously reduce when enter to throughout the constructed wetland for nitrite (80%), nitrate
(61.56%), orthophosphate (60.98%) and NH4-N (51.49%) before it discharge to the outlet. Based on this nutrient
concentration reduction pattern, species diversity (H’) measured for phytoplankton showed decreasing in number
as well as number of individual species and types of species. The dominance species represented by the
dominance group Chlorophyta are Coelastrum microporum, Mougeotia sp and Westella botryoides. The
freshwater phytoplankton distribution is strongly correlated with the reduction of nutrient concentration, however,
for the other biotic component such as freshwater fish, inverse relationship found with the freshwater
phytoplankton due to other factors such as the water depth design and water temperature in this constructed
wetland.
The free surface constructed wetland (FSCW) is considered to be a low-cost alternative to remove ... more The free surface constructed wetland (FSCW) is considered to be a low-cost alternative to remove a high portion of the nitrogenous components from the wastewater. To assess nitrogen removal in FSCW, 11 water quality variables were collected twice a month from 17 sampling stations for 13 months. The hierarchical cluster analysis classified the FSCW into three clusters with similar characteristics. A discriminant function analysis was employed to develop linear discriminant functions among the clusters. The result showed that the Cluster-I with less area and high load of nitrogenous components didn’t remove the nitrogen significantly, whereas the Cluster-II with higher concentration of plants reduced a significant portion of nitrite (48%). Due to combination of nitrification and denitrification processes, the Cluster-III with no emerged plants removed a high portion of nitrate (47%) and ammoniacal nitrogen (38%). The wetland removed a high percentage of nitrite (80%), nitrate (62%) and ammoniacal nitrogen (51%).
Papers by Syafiq Shaharuddin
Sustainability
Subsurface perforated pipes drain infiltrated stormwater runoff while attenuating the peak flow. ... more Subsurface perforated pipes drain infiltrated stormwater runoff while attenuating the peak flow. The Manning roughness coefficient (n) was identified as a fundamental parameter for estimating roughness in various subsurface channels. Hence, in this work, the performance of a six-row non-staggered sand-slot perforated pipe as a sample of the subsurface drainage is investigated experimentally in a laboratory flume at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) aimed at determining the Manning roughness coefficients (n) of the pipe and assessing the relationship between the Manning’s n and the hydraulic parameters of the simulated runoff flow under the conditions of the tailgate channel being opened fully (GFO) and partially (GPO), as well as the pipe having longitudinal slopes of 1:750 and 1:1000. Water is pumped into the flume at a maximum discharge rate of 35 L/s, and the velocity and depth of the flow are measured at nine points along the inner parts of the pipe. Based on the calculated Reynol...
Sustainability, Aug 2, 2022
Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2021
The aim of this study is to understand the distribution of phytoplankton to assess the performanc... more The aim of this study is to understand the distribution of phytoplankton to assess the performance of a free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland based on the water quality index (WQI) evaluation. The constructed wetland consists of three main zone; forebay zone, macrophytes zone and micropool zone. The highest WQI value was obtained in the micropool zone with the range of 78.98-85.45 (82.71 +- 3.35), while the lowest WQI value was obtained in the macrophytes zone with the range of 68.13-77.96 (73.25 +- 3.42). The higher distribution of phytoplankton was obtained in the macrophytes zone due to the high nutrient concentrations available. The dry season showed higher concentration of the nutrient, ammoniacal nitrogen, compared to the wet season. The distribution of phytoplankton was high during the dry season compared to the wet season. Phytoplankton distribution is closely related to dissolve oxygen, water temperature and WQI value in the FWS constructed wetland.
The issues of stormwater runoff had become one of the priority agenda of government and nongovern... more The issues of stormwater runoff had become one of the priority agenda of government and nongovernment body in Malaysia. Impact from stormwater runoff not only on water quality degradation, also habitat-destroying, which can cause harm to many wildlife population such as fish and birds, and also can kill the native vegetation, which is the primary building in the pyramid chain. Thus the aim of the study to understand the impact of biotic component through assessment of primary producer in the food web, phytoplankton from the urban stormwater runoff treatment in the free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland. The results showed that freshwater phytoplankton was significantly negative relationship (p=0.01) with water quality index (WQI) as well as certain parameters measured such as dissolved oxygen and water temperature. The WQI value showed that the macrophytes zone was low as compare to forebay zone and micropool zone. The distribution of phytoplankton was high at macrophytes zone...
The understanding the implication of biotic component, especially freshwater phytoplankton in the... more The understanding the implication of biotic component, especially freshwater phytoplankton in the man-made stormwater constructed wetland under tropical climate condition in Malaysia still rare and less documented. Thus, the aim of the this study is to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal (as an important element for freshwater phytoplankton) in the stormwater constructed wetland in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), which designed based on Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) first edition, 2001, to the freshwater phytoplankton communities, as a primary food chain in aquatic life. This paper also will elaborate the detail design of stormwater constructed wetland during the first construction design was being made. Four (4) main nutrients was measured; nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate, together with other supporting data such as water temperature, total suspended solid, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen dema...
Sustainability, 2021
In this work, an atmospheric water generator (AWG) system called the medium-scale AWG (MSAWG) was... more In this work, an atmospheric water generator (AWG) system called the medium-scale AWG (MSAWG) was designed, fabricated, and tested in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) under the outdoor tropical climate conditions of Malaysia to investigate the amount of fresh water production in successive periods of 24 h. The MSAWG consisted of 18 thermoelectric cooler (TEC) units, 18 internal finned heat sinks, 18 external finned heat sinks, 18 direct current (DC) cooling fans, an air-conditioner mesh air filter, and an axial ventilation fan. It was found from the results that the hourly values of water production of MSAWG were proportional to the hourly rates of relative humidity, but they were inversely affected by the corresponding hourly values of the ambient temperature. Night-time and early morning were the most effective times to produce the highest amount of fresh water from Malaysia’s atmosphere using MSAWG, as the increase in the rates of relative humidity and the decrease in the values o...
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016
ABSTRACT Water quality and its effects on human life have become one of the major concerns in aqu... more ABSTRACT Water quality and its effects on human life have become one of the major concerns in aquatic ecosystems. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is defined as a parameter to interpret water-monitoring data and clarify the quality of water. In this study, the Gene Expression programming (GEP) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were employed to predict WQI in free surface constructed wetlands. Seventeen points of a selected wetland were monitored twice a month over a period of 14 months, and an extensive data set was collected for eleven Water Quality Variables (WQVs). A Principal Factor Analysis (PFA) indicated that WQI was greatly affected by pH and SS, while temperature no has significant effect on the WQI in tropical areas. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to reduce the number of 11 WQVs in prediction of the WQI. Subsequently, five significant parameters, pH, suspended solid (SS), ammoniacal nitrogen (AN), dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were selected to develop a GEP and ANNs. The GEP was able to successfully predict the WQI with high accuracy (R 2 =0.983 and MAE =0.295). The statistical parameters indicate that, although the ANNs with R 2 =0.988 and MAE=0.013 produced better results compared with GEP, the GEP-based formula is more useful for practical purposes. The GEP and ANNs are recommended as rapid and powerful WQI evaluation techniques to reduce substantial effort and time by optimizing the calculations.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
The newly design free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland (CW) was based on the design recomm... more The newly design free water surface (FWS) constructed wetland (CW) was based on the design recommended in the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) 2nd Edition, 2012. The design was apply and completed it construction in April 2014 in Engineering Campus, USM, with approximate area 5166m2. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the initial performance of CW, which was evaluated based on the water quality index (WQI). The sampling was conducted from November 2014 until March 2015 and consist of fourteen (14) sampling points into three (3) different zones; forebay zone, macrophytes zones and micropool zone. The parameters measured include percentage saturation dissolved oxygen (DO %), pH, total suspended solid (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN). Based on the result obtained, the highest WQI value was obtained at micropool zone with the range of 78.98-85.45 (82.71±3.35) as the lowest WQI value was obtain...
Water Science and Technology, 2014
Free-surface constructed wetlands are known as a low-energy green technique to highly decrease a ... more Free-surface constructed wetlands are known as a low-energy green technique to highly decrease a wide range of pollutants in wastewater and stormwater before discharge into natural water. In this study, two spatial analyses, principal factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HACA), were employed to interpret the effect of wetland on the water quality variables (WQVs) and to classify the wetland into groups with similar characteristics. Eleven WQVs were collected at the 17 sampling stations twice a month for 13 months. All sampling stations were classified by HACA into three clusters, with high, moderate, and low pollution areas. To improve the water quality, the performance of Cluster-III (micropool) is more significant than Cluster-I and Cluster-II. Implications of this study include potential savings of time and cost for long-term data monitoring purposes in the free-constructed wetland.
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Proceeding Papers by Syafiq Shaharuddin
stormwater constructed wetland under tropical climate condition in Malaysia still rare and less documented. Thus,
the aim of the this study is to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal (as an important element
for freshwater phytoplankton) in the stormwater constructed wetland in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), which
designed based on Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) first edition, 2001, to the
freshwater phytoplankton communities, as a primary food chain in aquatic life. This paper also will elaborate the
detail design of stormwater constructed wetland during the first construction design was being made. Four (4)
main nutrients was measured; nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate, together with other
supporting data such as water temperature, total suspended solid, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical
oxygen demand (COD), pH, DO and conductivity. The phytoplankton sampling was conducted at the same time
of water quality sampling. The results showed that the concentration of nutrient (especially nitrogen and
phosphorus) continuously reduce when enter to throughout the constructed wetland for nitrite (80%), nitrate
(61.56%), orthophosphate (60.98%) and NH4-N (51.49%) before it discharge to the outlet. Based on this nutrient
concentration reduction pattern, species diversity (H’) measured for phytoplankton showed decreasing in number
as well as number of individual species and types of species. The dominance species represented by the
dominance group Chlorophyta are Coelastrum microporum, Mougeotia sp and Westella botryoides. The
freshwater phytoplankton distribution is strongly correlated with the reduction of nutrient concentration, however,
for the other biotic component such as freshwater fish, inverse relationship found with the freshwater
phytoplankton due to other factors such as the water depth design and water temperature in this constructed
wetland.
Papers by Syafiq Shaharuddin
stormwater constructed wetland under tropical climate condition in Malaysia still rare and less documented. Thus,
the aim of the this study is to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal (as an important element
for freshwater phytoplankton) in the stormwater constructed wetland in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), which
designed based on Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA) first edition, 2001, to the
freshwater phytoplankton communities, as a primary food chain in aquatic life. This paper also will elaborate the
detail design of stormwater constructed wetland during the first construction design was being made. Four (4)
main nutrients was measured; nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate, together with other
supporting data such as water temperature, total suspended solid, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical
oxygen demand (COD), pH, DO and conductivity. The phytoplankton sampling was conducted at the same time
of water quality sampling. The results showed that the concentration of nutrient (especially nitrogen and
phosphorus) continuously reduce when enter to throughout the constructed wetland for nitrite (80%), nitrate
(61.56%), orthophosphate (60.98%) and NH4-N (51.49%) before it discharge to the outlet. Based on this nutrient
concentration reduction pattern, species diversity (H’) measured for phytoplankton showed decreasing in number
as well as number of individual species and types of species. The dominance species represented by the
dominance group Chlorophyta are Coelastrum microporum, Mougeotia sp and Westella botryoides. The
freshwater phytoplankton distribution is strongly correlated with the reduction of nutrient concentration, however,
for the other biotic component such as freshwater fish, inverse relationship found with the freshwater
phytoplankton due to other factors such as the water depth design and water temperature in this constructed
wetland.
this study include potential savings of time and cost for long-term data monitoring purposes in the free-constructed wetland.