Yong Zhang obtained his PhD from the University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB). After postdoctoral work at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, he worked as a research fellow at the National University of Singapore as part of the Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance. He became a professor at the USTB in 2004 and received an award from the Ministry of Education of China under the New Century Excellent Talents (NCET) in Universities program in 2005. His main research interest is the development of new materials in bulk, film, and fiber forms by using the high-entropy and materials-genome-initiative (MGI) strategies. Supervisors: PhD Supervisor and Master Supervisor Phone: 0086-010-62333073 Address: Xueyuan Road 30, Haidian District, USTB, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials
In recent years, the field of materials science has witnessed a paradigm shift with the emergence... more In recent years, the field of materials science has witnessed a paradigm shift with the emergence of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), enabling a tantalizing blend of characteristics that challenge traditional alloy design systems. Born out of the pursuit of novel materials with superior performance, HEAs have swiftly captured the imagination of engineers and researchers worldwide. This departure from tradition opens up an enormous compositional space, fostering the search of an extensive array of alloy compositions and unique microstructures. At the heart of HEA design lies the quest for entropy maximization, leading to the creation of complex solid solution phases and promising thermal, mechanical, corrosion, and other functional properties. These innovative materials, characterized by their distinctive composition and exceptional features, have captured the attention of researchers and industry professionals alike. “High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Manufacturing, and Emerging Applications” is a comprehensive exploration of this groundbreaking area of study, offering readers an in-depth understanding of the principles, development, and potential applications of HEAs. HEAs break away from traditional alloy design, which typically relies on one principal element. Instead, HEAs are composed of multiple principal constituents mixed in near-equiatomic proportions, resulting in a high configurational entropy. This novel approach has led to the discovery of materials with astonishing properties and potential applications. The versatility and robustness of HEAs open new avenues for their use in extreme environments and advanced engineering applications.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their novel compositional de... more High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their novel compositional design and excellent properties, and the concept of "entropy regulation" has been widely used to develop new performance-oriented alloys. Lightweight high-entropy alloys (LHEAs) are a kind of important lightweight materials under the guidance of "entropy regulation". They exhibit a series of special properties related to the high alloying elements and high mixing entropy, including high specific strength, high specific hardness, excellent corrosion resistance. These advantages make LHEAs great application potential in the lightweight material fields. However, there are still many questions to be solved. For example, phase formation rules of LHEAs are still ambiguous, and comprehensive performance under specific service environment needs further consideration. Therefore, this paper reviews the composition design, phase formation rules, mechanical properties, physical properties, and chemical properties of some typical LHEAs, and points out the problems it faces and the direction of future development.
Research in the field of high-entropy materials is advancing rapidly. High-Entropy Materials: Adv... more Research in the field of high-entropy materials is advancing rapidly. High-Entropy Materials: Advances and Applications focuses on materials discovered using the high-entropy alloys (HEA) strategy. It discusses various types of high-entropy materials, such as face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) HEAs, films and coatings, fibers, and powders and hard-cemented carbides, along with current research status and applications: • Describes, compositions and processing of high-entropy materials. • Summarizes industrially valuable alloys found in high-entropy materials that hold promise for promotion and application. • Explains how high-entropy materials can be used in many fields and can outperform traditional materials.
This book mainly introduces two new structured materials, namely amorphous alloy and high-entropy... more This book mainly introduces two new structured materials, namely amorphous alloy and high-entropy material. There are 7 chapters in the book: Chapter 1 is an overview of amorphous alloys, which mainly introduces the emergence and development of bulk amorphous alloys and the thermodynamic and kinetic basis of amorphous alloy formation; Chapter 2 introduces the glass-forming ability, that is, the difficulty of glass-forming state of alloy; Chapter 3 is about the properties of bulk metallic glass, mainly introduces the problems that need to be overcome when it comes to the industrial application; Chapter 4 “Process of Amorphous Alloy”, mainly introduces the forming and processing technology of amorphous alloy in practical engineering applications; In chapter 5, the preparation and fatigue behavior of low-cost amorphous alloys are introduced. A series of low-cost amorphous alloys for industrial application is developed by using low-cost high-pressure die casting method and industrial grade materials supplemented with trace rare earth element (Y); Chapter 6 is an overview of high-entropy materials, introducing some work on high-entropy alloys developed based on amorphous alloys in recent years; Chapter 7 introduces the latest development of high-entropy materials, including process-oriented and performance-oriented design of high-entropy materials, including machine learning, high-throughput computing, and high-throughput experiments. Several promising high-entropy materials have been discovered so far.
This book is suitable for scientific research and engineering technicians, postgraduates, or senior undergraduates in the fields of materials science, condensed matter physics, and amorphous physics, and can also be used as an elective textbook for related majors.
High-Entropy Materials - Microstructures and Properties summarizes recent developments in multico... more High-Entropy Materials - Microstructures and Properties summarizes recent developments in multicomponent materials. It discusses properties, processing, modeling, and applications of high-entropy materials, including metallic alloys and oxides. It also discusses solidification, sputtering, cryogenic treatments, CALPHAD methodology, biomedical implants, Fe-based superconductors, Fe-rich high-entropy alloys, and more.
This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys publish... more This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use, including without limitation, use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator.
In this study, high-entropy films with the composition of NbTiAlSiN X were prepared by a reactive... more In this study, high-entropy films with the composition of NbTiAlSiN X were prepared by a reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique, with different nitrogen flow rates (0, 4 and 8 mlÁmin-1). The microstructures and properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), nano-indenter and spectrophotometer. All of the as-deposited NbTiAlSiN X films are shown to have an amorphous structure, and the films exhibit high thermal stability up to 700°C. The maximum hardness and modulus values of the films reach 20.5 GPa (4 mlÁmin-1) and 206.8 GPa (0 mlÁmin-1), respectively. The films exhibit high absorption of the solar energy in the wavelength of 0.3-2.5 lm, which indicates that NbTiAlSiN X nitride film is a potential candidate solar selective absorbing coating for high-temperature photo-thermal conversion in the concentrated solar power project.
The properties and microstructure of (Cr, Fe, V)−(Ta, W) high-entropy films (HEFs) are studied us... more The properties and microstructure of (Cr, Fe, V)−(Ta, W) high-entropy films (HEFs) are studied using combinatorial strategies. The compositional library of (Cr 0.33 Fe 0.33 V 0.33) x (Ta 0.5 W 0.5) 100−x , (0 < x < 100), HEFs are fabricated by cosputtering to discover potential photothermal conversion materials. By verifying points in the compositional library, the structure and property variation according to the atomic content of elements are carefully studied. Results indicate that the films exhibit an amorphous structure when x ranges from 86.9 to 32.5, and high concentrations of Ta and W lead to the formation of a BCC structure in the films. The solar absorptivity of the films peaks at the transitional area from an amorphous to BCC structure. Our research provides an efficient combinatorial technique to discover HEFs with high performance.
In recent years, the field of materials science has witnessed a paradigm shift with the emergence... more In recent years, the field of materials science has witnessed a paradigm shift with the emergence of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), enabling a tantalizing blend of characteristics that challenge traditional alloy design systems. Born out of the pursuit of novel materials with superior performance, HEAs have swiftly captured the imagination of engineers and researchers worldwide. This departure from tradition opens up an enormous compositional space, fostering the search of an extensive array of alloy compositions and unique microstructures. At the heart of HEA design lies the quest for entropy maximization, leading to the creation of complex solid solution phases and promising thermal, mechanical, corrosion, and other functional properties. These innovative materials, characterized by their distinctive composition and exceptional features, have captured the attention of researchers and industry professionals alike. “High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Manufacturing, and Emerging Applications” is a comprehensive exploration of this groundbreaking area of study, offering readers an in-depth understanding of the principles, development, and potential applications of HEAs. HEAs break away from traditional alloy design, which typically relies on one principal element. Instead, HEAs are composed of multiple principal constituents mixed in near-equiatomic proportions, resulting in a high configurational entropy. This novel approach has led to the discovery of materials with astonishing properties and potential applications. The versatility and robustness of HEAs open new avenues for their use in extreme environments and advanced engineering applications.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their novel compositional de... more High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive attention due to their novel compositional design and excellent properties, and the concept of "entropy regulation" has been widely used to develop new performance-oriented alloys. Lightweight high-entropy alloys (LHEAs) are a kind of important lightweight materials under the guidance of "entropy regulation". They exhibit a series of special properties related to the high alloying elements and high mixing entropy, including high specific strength, high specific hardness, excellent corrosion resistance. These advantages make LHEAs great application potential in the lightweight material fields. However, there are still many questions to be solved. For example, phase formation rules of LHEAs are still ambiguous, and comprehensive performance under specific service environment needs further consideration. Therefore, this paper reviews the composition design, phase formation rules, mechanical properties, physical properties, and chemical properties of some typical LHEAs, and points out the problems it faces and the direction of future development.
Research in the field of high-entropy materials is advancing rapidly. High-Entropy Materials: Adv... more Research in the field of high-entropy materials is advancing rapidly. High-Entropy Materials: Advances and Applications focuses on materials discovered using the high-entropy alloys (HEA) strategy. It discusses various types of high-entropy materials, such as face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) HEAs, films and coatings, fibers, and powders and hard-cemented carbides, along with current research status and applications: • Describes, compositions and processing of high-entropy materials. • Summarizes industrially valuable alloys found in high-entropy materials that hold promise for promotion and application. • Explains how high-entropy materials can be used in many fields and can outperform traditional materials.
This book mainly introduces two new structured materials, namely amorphous alloy and high-entropy... more This book mainly introduces two new structured materials, namely amorphous alloy and high-entropy material. There are 7 chapters in the book: Chapter 1 is an overview of amorphous alloys, which mainly introduces the emergence and development of bulk amorphous alloys and the thermodynamic and kinetic basis of amorphous alloy formation; Chapter 2 introduces the glass-forming ability, that is, the difficulty of glass-forming state of alloy; Chapter 3 is about the properties of bulk metallic glass, mainly introduces the problems that need to be overcome when it comes to the industrial application; Chapter 4 “Process of Amorphous Alloy”, mainly introduces the forming and processing technology of amorphous alloy in practical engineering applications; In chapter 5, the preparation and fatigue behavior of low-cost amorphous alloys are introduced. A series of low-cost amorphous alloys for industrial application is developed by using low-cost high-pressure die casting method and industrial grade materials supplemented with trace rare earth element (Y); Chapter 6 is an overview of high-entropy materials, introducing some work on high-entropy alloys developed based on amorphous alloys in recent years; Chapter 7 introduces the latest development of high-entropy materials, including process-oriented and performance-oriented design of high-entropy materials, including machine learning, high-throughput computing, and high-throughput experiments. Several promising high-entropy materials have been discovered so far.
This book is suitable for scientific research and engineering technicians, postgraduates, or senior undergraduates in the fields of materials science, condensed matter physics, and amorphous physics, and can also be used as an elective textbook for related majors.
High-Entropy Materials - Microstructures and Properties summarizes recent developments in multico... more High-Entropy Materials - Microstructures and Properties summarizes recent developments in multicomponent materials. It discusses properties, processing, modeling, and applications of high-entropy materials, including metallic alloys and oxides. It also discusses solidification, sputtering, cryogenic treatments, CALPHAD methodology, biomedical implants, Fe-based superconductors, Fe-rich high-entropy alloys, and more.
This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys publish... more This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use, including without limitation, use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator.
In this study, high-entropy films with the composition of NbTiAlSiN X were prepared by a reactive... more In this study, high-entropy films with the composition of NbTiAlSiN X were prepared by a reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique, with different nitrogen flow rates (0, 4 and 8 mlÁmin-1). The microstructures and properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), nano-indenter and spectrophotometer. All of the as-deposited NbTiAlSiN X films are shown to have an amorphous structure, and the films exhibit high thermal stability up to 700°C. The maximum hardness and modulus values of the films reach 20.5 GPa (4 mlÁmin-1) and 206.8 GPa (0 mlÁmin-1), respectively. The films exhibit high absorption of the solar energy in the wavelength of 0.3-2.5 lm, which indicates that NbTiAlSiN X nitride film is a potential candidate solar selective absorbing coating for high-temperature photo-thermal conversion in the concentrated solar power project.
The properties and microstructure of (Cr, Fe, V)−(Ta, W) high-entropy films (HEFs) are studied us... more The properties and microstructure of (Cr, Fe, V)−(Ta, W) high-entropy films (HEFs) are studied using combinatorial strategies. The compositional library of (Cr 0.33 Fe 0.33 V 0.33) x (Ta 0.5 W 0.5) 100−x , (0 < x < 100), HEFs are fabricated by cosputtering to discover potential photothermal conversion materials. By verifying points in the compositional library, the structure and property variation according to the atomic content of elements are carefully studied. Results indicate that the films exhibit an amorphous structure when x ranges from 86.9 to 32.5, and high concentrations of Ta and W lead to the formation of a BCC structure in the films. The solar absorptivity of the films peaks at the transitional area from an amorphous to BCC structure. Our research provides an efficient combinatorial technique to discover HEFs with high performance.
Research in the feld of high-entropy materials is advancing rapidly. High-Entropy Materials: Adva... more Research in the feld of high-entropy materials is advancing rapidly. High-Entropy Materials: Advances and Applications focuses on materials discovered using the high-entropy alloys (HEA) strategy. It discusses various types of high-entropy materials, such as face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) HEAs, flms and coatings, fbers, and powders and hard-cemented carbides, along with current research status and applications: • Describes, compositions and processing of high-entropy materials. • Summarizes industrially valuable alloys found in high-entropy materials that hold promise for promotion and application. • Explains how high-entropy materials can be used in many felds and can outperform traditional materials. This book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and academics in materials science and engineering and related disciplines.
Materials show a rising trend of alloy chemical complexity versus time. High entropy alloys (HEAs... more Materials show a rising trend of alloy chemical complexity versus time. High entropy alloys (HEAs) have become another new research hotspot after the research system of bulk amorphous and intermetallic compounds with their excellent performance [1]. The high mixing entropy allows alloys to have a lower free-energy and higher phase-stability. Experimental results indicate that the higher mixing entropy in these alloys enhances the formation of random solid-solution phases with simple structures , such as face-centered-cubic (fcc), body-centered-cubic (bcc) structures, or hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures [2-4]. Due to severe lattice distortion and solid-solution strengthening attributable to the multicomponents, the HEAs show many excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength, high hardness, high low temperature fracture toughness, excellent oxidation resistance, anti-friction performance , and excellent soft magnetic properties [5, 6]. The superior properties also make it a potential structural and functional material. CONTENTS
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
An urgent need arises for alloys that possesses superior ductility and good corrosion resistance,... more An urgent need arises for alloys that possesses superior ductility and good corrosion resistance, essential for applications in highly harsh environmental conditions. The corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiAl 0.3 high-entropy alloy seamless tubes (HEASTs) are investigated in this study. Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging (ECCI) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) techniques reveal the presence of abundant dislocations within the inner crystals, highlighting the alloy's excellent deformation ability. The formation of the B2 phase significantly influences corrosion behavior, with higher B2 content promoting pit propagation and enhancing pitting corrosion. Corrosion test results demonstrate the superior pitting corrosion resistance of TR-22 tubes, attributed to their lower B2 phase content and effective coverage by a protective passive film formed by Al, Cr, and Fe. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further elucidates the correlation between B2 phase content and corrosion resistance, emphasizing the importance of controlling B2 content to optimize microstructure. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into enhancing the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of high-entropy alloy seamless tubes, contributing to the development of advanced materials in engineering applications.
High-entropy ceramics (HECs), as a member of the large family of high-entropy materials (HEMs), a... more High-entropy ceramics (HECs), as a member of the large family of high-entropy materials (HEMs), are defined as solid solutions containing five or more cationic or anionic sublattices with high configurational entropy. HECs and high-entropy alloys (HEAs) share the similar "four major effects", including the high-entropy effect, lattice distortion effect, hysteresis-diffusion effect, and synergistic effect. The compositional and structural complexity of HECs allows them to exhibit a diverse range of performance characteristics, which have the potential to be applied in numerous technological fields. These include, but are not limited to, wear and corrosion-resistant coatings, thermal barrier coatings, wave-absorbing coatings, solar energyabsorbing and irradiation-resistant coatings, and so on. Nevertheless, the expansive compositional space necessitates the time-consuming and costly experimental trial-and-error method as a significant factor in the development of new HECs. In the field of materials science, the discovery and identification of new compositions can be accelerated by data-driven and high-throughput methods that employ machine learning (ML) methods for phase prediction and property prediction of new materials. This paper presents a review of the functional applications of high-entropy ceramics, with a particular focus on data-driven methods and high-throughput strategies. The objective is to provide insights that can facilitate the advancement and innovation of high-entropy ceramics in functional applications.
In this study, a series of CoCrFeMnNiSix (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were p... more In this study, a series of CoCrFeMnNiSix (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by suspension melting of cold crucible, annealed at 1000 °C, and then quenched at 900 °C. The changes in the microstructure of the HEAs after the addition of Si were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The hardness, room-temperature friction, and wear behavior, room-temperature compressive properties, and corrosion resistance of the annealed CoCrFeMnNiSix HEAs were also studied. The results show that when the Si content is 0 and 0.3, the annealed CoCrFeMnNiSix HEA exhibits a single face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. As the silicon content increases, a face-centered orthorhombic (FCO) phase appears. At a Si content of 0.9, a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase is observed. After heat treatment, the hardness of the CoCrFeMnNiSix HEAs increases continuously with the addition of Si. The HEA with a Si content of 0.9 achieves the highest hardness of 974.8 ± 30.2 HV. The HEA with a Si content of 0.6 reaches the highest compressive strength and yield strength, which are 1990.3 MPa and 1327.5 MPa. When the Si content is 0.9, the HEA shows the smoothest surface after wear, with the best wear resistance, achieving a value of 0.21 mm −1. In the CoCrFeMnNiSix HEAs after 900 °C heat treatment, the HEA with a Si content of 0.6 exhibits the lowest self-corrosion current density of 0.23 µA/cm 2 and the highest pitting potential of 157.65 mV, indicating the best corrosion resistance.
Dynamic strain ageing (DSA) of L1 2-strengthened Ni-Co base high-entropy alloy (HEA) was examined... more Dynamic strain ageing (DSA) of L1 2-strengthened Ni-Co base high-entropy alloy (HEA) was examined at temperatures varying from 20 to 600 • C with strain rates between 10-2 to 10-4 s-1. In normal DSA regimes, elevating temperature or lowering strain rate advances the DSA behavior, resulting in the lowered critical strain and raised amplitude of serrations. Based on strain-rate jump tests, the negative strain-rate sensitivity induced by DSA was observed at the elevated temperature regime, and high apparent activation volumes ranging from 97~ 737b 3 correspond to the strong obstacles effect from the precipitates and the additional pinning strengthening of solute atoms. Transmission electron microscopy evidence suggests that stacking faults prevailed at all testing temperatures, while the serration changes are the outcomes of their dynamic interactions with precipitates and condensed Cr, Co-rich solute cloud. Subsequently, in normal DSA regimes, activation energies required for the onset of type A, a mixture of type A and type A + C, and a mixture of type A + B and type C serrations are 30.6, 65.8, and 101.1 kJ/mol determined by strain ageing model at strain rates of 10-2 , 10-3 , and 10-4 s-1 , respectively. Lastly, a two-time parameter-based Cottrell-Bilby strain aging kinetic model that considers the solute-dislocation interaction in a pipe diffusion manner is applied to evaluate the DSA strengthening concerning strain, strain rate, and temperature.
Magnesium alloys have poor deformation properties at room temperature, and the application of an ... more Magnesium alloys have poor deformation properties at room temperature, and the application of an electric pulse current during deformation can improve the plastic-forming ability. In this study, the electric pulse rolling of AZ91D magnesium alloy specimens has been examined by changing the pulse output voltage. The results demonstrate that the best surface quality and lowest content (8.4 %) of the b-Mg17Al12 phase are achieved at an output voltage of 300 V. EBSD tests have revealed the lowest weave strength on {0002} and {1010} at a pulse output voltage of 300 V, as well as the greatest enhancement of twinning. The maximum tensile strength was 165 MPa at an output voltage of 300 V, with a maximum elongation of 4.1 % at an output voltage of 200 V.
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Stress shielding and the need for secondary surgery are the two major challenges faced by permane... more Stress shielding and the need for secondary surgery are the two major challenges faced by permanent metallic implants, and the emerging Ca-Mg-Zn calcium-based bulk amorphous alloys, with Young's modulus comparable to that of human bone, good biocompatibility, and in vivo degradation, are highly promising materials for bioimplants. Few studies have been reported on the glass formation ability (GFA) and corrosion degradation behavior of Ca-Mg-Zn amorphous alloys in the human body. In this work, we discuss a study on Ca 53+x Mg 20 Zn 27-x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) alloys, focusing on changes in Zn content near eutectic points and their impact on microstructure and biological corrosion behavior. A copper mold spray casting method has been developed to prepare amorphous bar alloys and amorphous crystalline composite bar alloys with a diameter of 3 mm, which has been verified by X-ray diffraction, electrochemical treatment, and immersion tests. The experimental results demonstrated that the Ca 3 Zn and CaZn 2 phases were precipitated in the 3 mm bar material Ca 53+x Mg 20 Zn 27-x (x = 0, 2, 4), and Ca 53+x Mg 20 Zn 27-x (x = 6, 8, 10) was completely amorphous. The Ca 63 Mg 20 Zn 17 alloy showed the best glass-forming ability, while the Ca 59 Mg 20 Zn 21 alloy exhibited superior corrosion resistance. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that Ca-Mg-Zn alloys have good biocompatibility and can be used as biomedical materials.
High-entropy ceramics (HECs), as a member of the large family of high-entropy materials (HEMs), a... more High-entropy ceramics (HECs), as a member of the large family of high-entropy materials (HEMs), are defined as solid solutions containing five or more cationic or anionic sublattices with high configurational entropy. HECs and high-entropy alloys (HEAs) share the similar "four major effects", including the high-entropy effect, lattice distortion effect, hysteresis-diffusion effect, and synergistic effect. The compositional and structural complexity of HECs allows them to exhibit a diverse range of performance characteristics, which have the potential to be applied in numerous technological fields. These include, but are not limited to, wear and corrosion-resistant coatings, thermal barrier coatings, wave-absorbing coatings, solar energyabsorbing and irradiation-resistant coatings, and so on. Nevertheless, the expansive compositional space necessitates the time-consuming and costly experimental trial-and-error method as a significant factor in the development of new HECs. In the field of materials science, the discovery and identification of new compositions can be accelerated by data-driven and high-throughput methods that employ machine learning (ML) methods for phase prediction and property prediction of new materials. This paper presents a review of the functional applications of high-entropy ceramics, with a particular focus on data-driven methods and high-throughput strategies. The objective is to provide insights that can facilitate the advancement and innovation of high-entropy ceramics in functional applications.
The topic of high-entropy alloys is one of the focus for both physics and materials research. Hig... more The topic of high-entropy alloys is one of the focus for both physics and materials research. High-entropy alloys were usually defined as solid solution alloys, while the solid solution is different from the traditional terminal solid solution, because the solid solution without solvent element is the dominant one. The discovery of high-entropy alloys greatly extended the composition space and the possibility of creating unique micro-and nano-level structures, which can meet the demands of lightweight and dynamic applications. The relationship between the phases and the parameters for the high-entropy alloys is rather complex. The data driving design can screen the specific high-entropy alloys. The correlation between the composition and properties of highentropy alloys can be discovered by material genetic engineering and data science.
Nanocrystalline and nano-precipitation are two effective factors to improve comprehensive mechani... more Nanocrystalline and nano-precipitation are two effective factors to improve comprehensive mechanical properties and irradiation tolerance. Motivated by creating the two important structural features, multi-component alloys (MCAs) FeCrVTi x (x = 0.07,0.2,0.3,0.4) and FeCrVCu y (y = 0, 0.05, 0.08, 0.2, 0.3) were designed and fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The results showed that FeCrVTi x was mainly composed of BCC matrix phase and tens of nanometers of Ti(C,N) precipitation, while BCC solid solution with nanoscale Cu precipitates was primarily present in Cu-containing MCA. Nanocrystalline is the prominent characteristic of the two MCAs, in which the average grain size is about 193 nm and 360 nm for FeCrVTi 0.2 and FeCrVCu 0.05 , respectively. The coexistence of FCC Cu precipitates with about 13 nm and ultrafine BCC Cu of only ~3 nm was observed within the gains of FeCrVCu 0.05. The relationship between Cu nanoparticles and BCC matrix was determined. FeCrVTi 0.2 and FeCrVCu 0.05 demonstrate excellent mechanical properties with compressive yield strength of more than 1.90 Gpa, ultimate strength of above 3.0 GPa, plasticity of over 32 % and more than 590 HV microhardness at room temperature. The strengthening effects were qualitatively analyzed in detail to reveal the different influences of Ti and Cu addition on microstructure and the strengthening.
High-entropy alloy films have the same excellent properties as high-entropy alloys and can better... more High-entropy alloy films have the same excellent properties as high-entropy alloys and can better realize the practical applications of high-entropy alloys. This paper takes the high-entropy alloy films as the object of discussion. The preparation process, microstructure, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of high-entropy alloy films are mainly discussed and the influence of nitridation, sputtering power, substrate temperature, substrate bias and other factors on the phase structure of alloy films is analyzed. High-entropy alloy films can be prepared using magnetron sputtering, laser cladding, pulsed laser deposition, detonation spraying, electrochemical deposition and other processes. High-entropy alloy films tend to form a solid solution and amorphous state, and their hardness is far higher than that of traditional films. Among them, the hardness of high-entropy alloy nitride films can reach the standard of superhard films. Wear resistance is usually proportional t...
Multiple-basis-element (MBE) alloy was defined as the entropy of mixing over 1R (R is the gas con... more Multiple-basis-element (MBE) alloy was defined as the entropy of mixing over 1R (R is the gas constant, 8.31 J/k), and contains at least three principal elements, each one at over 5%. Thus, MBE alloys can include high-entropy alloys (HEAs), medium-entropy alloys (MEAs), amorphous alloys, and some martensite stainless steels, which have been reported to possess excellent cryogenic properties. This paper reviews the progress of the cryogenic-mechanical properties and applications of MBE alloys. It has been concluded that, with the increase of entropy, the ductile-brittle-transition temperatures (DBTT) can be decreased to the liquid helium temperature (4.2 K). In summary, the cryogenic toughness of MBE alloys can be greatly enhanced by entropy adjustments, which is beneficial to their application at low temperatures.
Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys, 2022
This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys publish... more This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author&#39;s benefit and for the benefit of the author&#39;s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use, including without limitation, use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution&#39;s administrator.
Advances in High-Entropy Alloys - Materials Research, Exotic Properties and Applications, 2021
A balanced parameter was proposed to design the high entropy alloys (HEAs), which defined by aver... more A balanced parameter was proposed to design the high entropy alloys (HEAs), which defined by average melting temperature Tm times entropy of mixing ΔSm over enthalpy of mixing ΔHm, Ω=TmΔSm/ΔHm, if Ω is larger than 1.1, we can predict that the entropy is high enough to overcome the enthalpy, and solid solution is likely to form rather than the intermetallic ordered phases. The composition can be further refined by using high-throughput screening by preparing the compositional gradient films. Multiple targets co-sputtering is usually used to prepare the films, and physical masking can separate the samples independently, chemical masking can also applied if possible. One example is the self-sharpening screening by using nanoindentations, the serration behaviors may related to the self-sharpening compositions.
Editorial on the Research Topic Data-Driven Integrated Computational Materials Engineering for Hi... more Editorial on the Research Topic Data-Driven Integrated Computational Materials Engineering for High-entropy Materials High-entropy materials (HEMs), including alloys, ceramics, oxides, and semiconductors, have attracted enormous activities to investigate their attractive/excellent properties and potential critical applications (
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Books by Yong Zhang
up an enormous compositional space, fostering the search of an extensive array of alloy compositions and unique microstructures. At the heart of HEA design lies the quest for entropy maximization, leading to the creation of complex solid solution
phases and promising thermal, mechanical, corrosion, and other functional properties.
These innovative materials, characterized by their distinctive composition and exceptional features, have captured the attention of researchers and industry professionals alike. “High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Manufacturing, and Emerging Applications” is a comprehensive exploration of this groundbreaking area of study, offering readers an in-depth understanding of the principles, development, and potential applications of HEAs. HEAs break away from traditional alloy design, which typically relies on one principal element. Instead, HEAs are composed of multiple principal constituents mixed in near-equiatomic proportions, resulting in a
high configurational entropy. This novel approach has led to the discovery of materials with astonishing properties and potential applications. The versatility and robustness of HEAs open new avenues for their use in extreme environments and advanced engineering applications.
This book is suitable for scientific research and engineering technicians, postgraduates, or senior undergraduates in the fields of materials science, condensed matter physics, and amorphous physics, and can also be used as an elective textbook for related majors.
up an enormous compositional space, fostering the search of an extensive array of alloy compositions and unique microstructures. At the heart of HEA design lies the quest for entropy maximization, leading to the creation of complex solid solution
phases and promising thermal, mechanical, corrosion, and other functional properties.
These innovative materials, characterized by their distinctive composition and exceptional features, have captured the attention of researchers and industry professionals alike. “High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Manufacturing, and Emerging Applications” is a comprehensive exploration of this groundbreaking area of study, offering readers an in-depth understanding of the principles, development, and potential applications of HEAs. HEAs break away from traditional alloy design, which typically relies on one principal element. Instead, HEAs are composed of multiple principal constituents mixed in near-equiatomic proportions, resulting in a
high configurational entropy. This novel approach has led to the discovery of materials with astonishing properties and potential applications. The versatility and robustness of HEAs open new avenues for their use in extreme environments and advanced engineering applications.
This book is suitable for scientific research and engineering technicians, postgraduates, or senior undergraduates in the fields of materials science, condensed matter physics, and amorphous physics, and can also be used as an elective textbook for related majors.