IntroductionUsing ozone therapy to manage COVID-19 patients has been accompanied by conflicting r... more IntroductionUsing ozone therapy to manage COVID-19 patients has been accompanied by conflicting results in prior studies. Therefore, we aimed to widely assess the effects of ozone as adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 patients.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, Springer, and Sage journals were searched systematically until April 2022. Mortality rate, ICU admission, hospital-length stay, negative PCR, pulmonary, renal, and hepatic functions, as well as inflammatory and blood systems were pooled to compare the efficacy of ozone as adjacent therapy (OZ) and standard treatment (ST). Analyses were run with the random/fixed models, sub-group analysis, funnel plot, and sensitivity analysis using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software version 2.0.ResultsThe results of four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and four case-control studies with a total of 371 COVID-19 positive patients were analyzed. The OZ group patients had a shorter length of hospital stay (P > 0.05)...
Clinical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of COVID-19, 2021
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respir... more Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19 disease. This scoping review was carried out with international, peer-reviewed research studies and gray literature published up to July 2020 in Persian and English languages. Using keywords derived from MESH, databases including Magiran, IranMedex, SID, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase via Ovid, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched. After screening titles and abstracts, the full texts of selected articles were evaluated, and those which passed the criteria were analyzed and synthesized with inductive thematic analysis. Study quality was also evaluated using a standard tool. The overall prevalence of ARDS was estimated using a random-effects model. This led to identification of 23 primary studies involving 2880 COVID-19 patients. All articles were observational with a cross-sectional, retrospective, case report, and cohort design with moderate to strong quality. The main findings showed that COVID-19-related ARDS has a high prevalence and is different to ARDS due to other etiologies. Elderly and patients with comorbidities and organ failure should be closely surveyed for respiratory organ indications for several weeks after the onset of respiratory symptoms. There is currently no definitive treatment for ARDS in COVID-19 disease, and supportive therapies and their effects are somewhat controversial.
Background: Visual impairment can hinder achieving developmental markers in children. Various stu... more Background: Visual impairment can hinder achieving developmental markers in children. Various studies have examined the effectiveness of play therapy in children with visual impairment. However, lack of a comprehensive review study that examined the characteristics and overall effectiveness of these interventions, led to conducting of the present study. Objectives: This study aimed to provide strong evidence on the characteristics and efficacy of play therapy interventions in children and adolescents (0-21 years) with visual impairment. Methods: Our literature searching was done with English and Persian keywords obtained from Mesh in the Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Iran Medex, Iranian Archive for Scientific Documents Center (IASD), Iranian National Library (INL), Google and Google Scholar, until 2020. The selection process of articles was according to PRISMA. Text data was analyzed by convention content analysis. Additionally, the modified Downs and Black Chec...
Background: More than 60% of fall incidents among older adults are multifactorial. Objectives: Th... more Background: More than 60% of fall incidents among older adults are multifactorial. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a multicomponent fall prevention intervention on fall prevalence, depression, and balance among nursing home residents. Methods: This pretest-posttest quasiexperimental study was conducted in 2014 on 160 residents of a nursing home in Tehran, Iran. A 4-month multicomponent fall prevention intervention was implemented with a 2-month follow-up. The intervention consisted of educations for nursing home residents and staff, environmental modifications, and stretching, strengthening, and balance-improving exercises for residents. A fall frequency form, the performance-oriented mobility assessment, the timed up and go test, the geriatric depression scale, the Katz index of independence in activities of daily living, and the mini-mental state examination test were used for data collection both before and 6 months after the intervention onset. Data an...
BACKGROUND Medication adherence (MA) has a crucial role in controlling of hypertension (HTN). A d... more BACKGROUND Medication adherence (MA) has a crucial role in controlling of hypertension (HTN). A difference was observed in the prevalence of anti-hypertensive MA reported in different studies in Iran, so we aimed to determine the overall prevalence of MA. METHODS Using the English and Persian keywords extracted from Mesh, the databases of MagIran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Scientific Information Database (SID), Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were reviewed from 2000 to 2018. The overall prevalence of MA was estimated using Random effect mode. The I2 and Egger’s tests were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted based on variables such as age, marital status, regions, and tools. RESULTS The overall prevalence of MA was 33%. Moreover, the prevalence of MA based on the 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), Hill-Bone Medication Adherence (HBMA) scale, researche...
Purpose Many COVID-19 patients with low to moderate disease severity were cared for at home by fa... more Purpose Many COVID-19 patients with low to moderate disease severity were cared for at home by family members. Caring for relatives with COVID-19 could have a psychiatric disorder for informal caregivers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the psychiatric disorders of family caregivers of relatives with COVID-19, in Iran. Methods This online survey was conducted with 350 family caregivers over 18 years from April to July 2020, which was guided by the STROBE checklist. The study survey consisted of socio-demographic items, 7-items fear of COVID-19 scale, and a 21-item version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scales. Results The mean (standard deviation) scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were 20 (0.40), 19.52 (0.39), and 19.72 (0.35), respectively, moreover for fear of COVID-19 was 20.33 (0.43). Of all family caregivers, 77.75%, 75%, and 80% had depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Sixty-nine percent of caregivers had fear with moderate to high severity. Being younger, married, having a health-related occupation, not exercising, and high monthly salary were significant predictors of the total score of depression, anxiety, and stress scale (P < 0.05). Further, being married, having a health-related occupation, and not exercising, having comorbidity, high income, and being younger were independent predictors of fear of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Only 32% and 33% of the variance of total depression, anxiety, and stress, and fear of COVID-19 scores were predicted by the studied variables (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study demonstrated the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in family caregivers, which requires swift and comprehensive attention from authorities.
Background: Medication adherence (MA) is the most important controlling factor of high blood pres... more Background: Medication adherence (MA) is the most important controlling factor of high blood pressure (HBP). There are a few MA models, but they have not been successful in predicting MA completely. Thus, this study aimed to expand a conceptual model of MA based on an ecological approach. Methods: An integrative review of the literature based on theoretical and empirical studies was completed. Data source comprised: Medline (including PubMed and Ovid), ISI, Embase, Google scholar, and internal databases such as Magiran, Google, SID, and internal magazines. Primary English and Persian language studies were collected from 1940 to 2018. The steps of study included: (a) problem identification, (b) literature review and extracting studies, (c) appraising study quality, (d) gathering data, (e) data analysis using the directed content analysis, (f) concluding. Results: Thirty-six articles were finally included and analyzed. After analysis, predictors of MA in older adults with hypertension...
Introduction: Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is increasing in the developing countries like Ira... more Introduction: Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is increasing in the developing countries like Iran. Various studies have reported different rates of HTN in Iran. The purpose of this study was to estimate an overall prevalence of HTN in Iran. Methodology: Using the English and Persian key derived from Mesh, the databases including MagIran, Iran Medex, SID, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar as a searching engine were reviewed: from 2004 to 2018. The overall prevalence of MA was estimated using Random effect model. The I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. Additionally, the quality of studies was evaluated using a standard tool. Publication bias was conducted with the Egger test. Meta-regression and analysis of subgroups were analyzed based on variables such as age, marital status, region and tools. Data were analyzed using STATA 12 software. Results: Analysis of 58 primary articles with a sample size of 902580 showed that the prevalence ...
Clinical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of COVID-19
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome co... more Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) which causes COVID-19 disease. Here, we performed a scoping review and meta-analysis including clinical studies on patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with data on AKI assessment and characteristics, and the overall prevalence of AKI was estimated using a random-effects model. We identified 21 articles which passed the search criteria. All were quantitative observational studies which used a cross-sectional, retrospective, case report, or cohort methodology. This showed that aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, previous chronic disease, and other comorbidities were risk factors of AKI. Although the prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, and increased serum creatinine was reported for up to 60% of the patients with COVID-19, the overall prevalence of AKI was estimated to be 8%. We conclude that although approximately two-thirds of patients with COVID-19 had symptoms of kidney damage, most of these did not meet the diagnostic criteria for AKI. Further studies should be performed to validate biomarkers for improved AKI diagnosis in COVID-19 patients and new treatment options are required to reduce the rate of mortality.
IntroductionUsing ozone therapy to manage COVID-19 patients has been accompanied by conflicting r... more IntroductionUsing ozone therapy to manage COVID-19 patients has been accompanied by conflicting results in prior studies. Therefore, we aimed to widely assess the effects of ozone as adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 patients.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, Springer, and Sage journals were searched systematically until April 2022. Mortality rate, ICU admission, hospital-length stay, negative PCR, pulmonary, renal, and hepatic functions, as well as inflammatory and blood systems were pooled to compare the efficacy of ozone as adjacent therapy (OZ) and standard treatment (ST). Analyses were run with the random/fixed models, sub-group analysis, funnel plot, and sensitivity analysis using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software version 2.0.ResultsThe results of four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and four case-control studies with a total of 371 COVID-19 positive patients were analyzed. The OZ group patients had a shorter length of hospital stay (P > 0.05)...
Clinical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of COVID-19, 2021
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respir... more Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19 disease. This scoping review was carried out with international, peer-reviewed research studies and gray literature published up to July 2020 in Persian and English languages. Using keywords derived from MESH, databases including Magiran, IranMedex, SID, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase via Ovid, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched. After screening titles and abstracts, the full texts of selected articles were evaluated, and those which passed the criteria were analyzed and synthesized with inductive thematic analysis. Study quality was also evaluated using a standard tool. The overall prevalence of ARDS was estimated using a random-effects model. This led to identification of 23 primary studies involving 2880 COVID-19 patients. All articles were observational with a cross-sectional, retrospective, case report, and cohort design with moderate to strong quality. The main findings showed that COVID-19-related ARDS has a high prevalence and is different to ARDS due to other etiologies. Elderly and patients with comorbidities and organ failure should be closely surveyed for respiratory organ indications for several weeks after the onset of respiratory symptoms. There is currently no definitive treatment for ARDS in COVID-19 disease, and supportive therapies and their effects are somewhat controversial.
Background: Visual impairment can hinder achieving developmental markers in children. Various stu... more Background: Visual impairment can hinder achieving developmental markers in children. Various studies have examined the effectiveness of play therapy in children with visual impairment. However, lack of a comprehensive review study that examined the characteristics and overall effectiveness of these interventions, led to conducting of the present study. Objectives: This study aimed to provide strong evidence on the characteristics and efficacy of play therapy interventions in children and adolescents (0-21 years) with visual impairment. Methods: Our literature searching was done with English and Persian keywords obtained from Mesh in the Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Iran Medex, Iranian Archive for Scientific Documents Center (IASD), Iranian National Library (INL), Google and Google Scholar, until 2020. The selection process of articles was according to PRISMA. Text data was analyzed by convention content analysis. Additionally, the modified Downs and Black Chec...
Background: More than 60% of fall incidents among older adults are multifactorial. Objectives: Th... more Background: More than 60% of fall incidents among older adults are multifactorial. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a multicomponent fall prevention intervention on fall prevalence, depression, and balance among nursing home residents. Methods: This pretest-posttest quasiexperimental study was conducted in 2014 on 160 residents of a nursing home in Tehran, Iran. A 4-month multicomponent fall prevention intervention was implemented with a 2-month follow-up. The intervention consisted of educations for nursing home residents and staff, environmental modifications, and stretching, strengthening, and balance-improving exercises for residents. A fall frequency form, the performance-oriented mobility assessment, the timed up and go test, the geriatric depression scale, the Katz index of independence in activities of daily living, and the mini-mental state examination test were used for data collection both before and 6 months after the intervention onset. Data an...
BACKGROUND Medication adherence (MA) has a crucial role in controlling of hypertension (HTN). A d... more BACKGROUND Medication adherence (MA) has a crucial role in controlling of hypertension (HTN). A difference was observed in the prevalence of anti-hypertensive MA reported in different studies in Iran, so we aimed to determine the overall prevalence of MA. METHODS Using the English and Persian keywords extracted from Mesh, the databases of MagIran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Scientific Information Database (SID), Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were reviewed from 2000 to 2018. The overall prevalence of MA was estimated using Random effect mode. The I2 and Egger’s tests were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted based on variables such as age, marital status, regions, and tools. RESULTS The overall prevalence of MA was 33%. Moreover, the prevalence of MA based on the 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), Hill-Bone Medication Adherence (HBMA) scale, researche...
Purpose Many COVID-19 patients with low to moderate disease severity were cared for at home by fa... more Purpose Many COVID-19 patients with low to moderate disease severity were cared for at home by family members. Caring for relatives with COVID-19 could have a psychiatric disorder for informal caregivers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the psychiatric disorders of family caregivers of relatives with COVID-19, in Iran. Methods This online survey was conducted with 350 family caregivers over 18 years from April to July 2020, which was guided by the STROBE checklist. The study survey consisted of socio-demographic items, 7-items fear of COVID-19 scale, and a 21-item version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scales. Results The mean (standard deviation) scores for depression, anxiety, and stress were 20 (0.40), 19.52 (0.39), and 19.72 (0.35), respectively, moreover for fear of COVID-19 was 20.33 (0.43). Of all family caregivers, 77.75%, 75%, and 80% had depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Sixty-nine percent of caregivers had fear with moderate to high severity. Being younger, married, having a health-related occupation, not exercising, and high monthly salary were significant predictors of the total score of depression, anxiety, and stress scale (P < 0.05). Further, being married, having a health-related occupation, and not exercising, having comorbidity, high income, and being younger were independent predictors of fear of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Only 32% and 33% of the variance of total depression, anxiety, and stress, and fear of COVID-19 scores were predicted by the studied variables (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study demonstrated the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in family caregivers, which requires swift and comprehensive attention from authorities.
Background: Medication adherence (MA) is the most important controlling factor of high blood pres... more Background: Medication adherence (MA) is the most important controlling factor of high blood pressure (HBP). There are a few MA models, but they have not been successful in predicting MA completely. Thus, this study aimed to expand a conceptual model of MA based on an ecological approach. Methods: An integrative review of the literature based on theoretical and empirical studies was completed. Data source comprised: Medline (including PubMed and Ovid), ISI, Embase, Google scholar, and internal databases such as Magiran, Google, SID, and internal magazines. Primary English and Persian language studies were collected from 1940 to 2018. The steps of study included: (a) problem identification, (b) literature review and extracting studies, (c) appraising study quality, (d) gathering data, (e) data analysis using the directed content analysis, (f) concluding. Results: Thirty-six articles were finally included and analyzed. After analysis, predictors of MA in older adults with hypertension...
Introduction: Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is increasing in the developing countries like Ira... more Introduction: Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is increasing in the developing countries like Iran. Various studies have reported different rates of HTN in Iran. The purpose of this study was to estimate an overall prevalence of HTN in Iran. Methodology: Using the English and Persian key derived from Mesh, the databases including MagIran, Iran Medex, SID, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar as a searching engine were reviewed: from 2004 to 2018. The overall prevalence of MA was estimated using Random effect model. The I2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. Additionally, the quality of studies was evaluated using a standard tool. Publication bias was conducted with the Egger test. Meta-regression and analysis of subgroups were analyzed based on variables such as age, marital status, region and tools. Data were analyzed using STATA 12 software. Results: Analysis of 58 primary articles with a sample size of 902580 showed that the prevalence ...
Clinical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of COVID-19
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome co... more Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a fatal complication of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) which causes COVID-19 disease. Here, we performed a scoping review and meta-analysis including clinical studies on patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with data on AKI assessment and characteristics, and the overall prevalence of AKI was estimated using a random-effects model. We identified 21 articles which passed the search criteria. All were quantitative observational studies which used a cross-sectional, retrospective, case report, or cohort methodology. This showed that aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, previous chronic disease, and other comorbidities were risk factors of AKI. Although the prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, and increased serum creatinine was reported for up to 60% of the patients with COVID-19, the overall prevalence of AKI was estimated to be 8%. We conclude that although approximately two-thirds of patients with COVID-19 had symptoms of kidney damage, most of these did not meet the diagnostic criteria for AKI. Further studies should be performed to validate biomarkers for improved AKI diagnosis in COVID-19 patients and new treatment options are required to reduce the rate of mortality.
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