Since the beginning of the Russian war in Ukraine, the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Pat... more Since the beginning of the Russian war in Ukraine, the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate has stood out with controversial public statements. In this article it is analysed how the leaders of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate speak about the ongoing war and how the Estonian society has reacted to the ambiguity in the church’s rhetoric.
Doktoritöös kirjeldatakse luteri kirikus aastatel 1917–1934 eksisteerinud teoloogiliste voolude k... more Doktoritöös kirjeldatakse luteri kirikus aastatel 1917–1934 eksisteerinud teoloogiliste voolude kujunemist ja tegevust ning analüüsitakse voolude mõju kirikus toimunud kirikukorralduslikule ja teoloogilisele diskussioonile. Eelneva taustal jälgitakse kiriku õpetuslike ja kirikukorralduslike põhialuste arengut. Luteri kirikus, mis määratles end 1917. a vaba rahvakirikuna, kujunesid organisatsiooni asutamise järel välja kolm teoloogilist voolu: liberaalne, konservatiivne ja kiriklik-konfessionaalne. Voolude esilekerkimise ja moodustumise põhjuseks olid vaimulikkonnas valitsenud teoloogilised erimeelsused, ajendiks aga vaba rahvakiriku korraldus. Selle teoloogiliselt liberaalne tõlgendus ja selle mõjul 1918. aastal muudetud õpetusaluste paragrahv põhjustasid kirikus aastatel 1922–1925 teoloogiliste voolude esindajate vahel terava vastasseisu. Vaidluste ja kokkupõrgete tulemusena muutus vaba rahvakiriku kontseptsiooni tõlgendus senisest konservatiivsemaks ja kirikus algatati liberaalse ...
January 2017 : Already for years, there have been rumors and a public discussion about the erecti... more January 2017 : Already for years, there have been rumors and a public discussion about the erection of a new mosque in Tallinn – the capital of Estonia. Until now, local Muslims have gathered in (...)
ABSTRACT This article examines the activity of Estonian religious communities in the period of pe... more ABSTRACT This article examines the activity of Estonian religious communities in the period of perestroika and the collapse of the Soviet Union. In 1991 the Republic of Estonia regained its independence. This coincided with an upsurge in churchgoing and church activity in society, often referred to as a national and religious awakening. This article, based on archival material, focuses on the changes in church–state relations, on the growing influence of religion and the activity of representatives of religious organisations, and on the development of and attitudes towards new religious movements which emerged in Estonian society in the period from 1985 to 1991. We view these developments in a wider context of social changes in the Soviet Union, with a special emphasis on Estonia, to describe the role that religious communities played in the Estonian liberation process.
This paper examines the birth and rise of Latvian and Estonian national theology during the first... more This paper examines the birth and rise of Latvian and Estonian national theology during the first independence period of Latvia and Estonia from 1918 to 1940. After the establishment of the independent republics of Estonia and Latvia in 1918, leading positions at the theological faculties of the Universities in Tartu and Riga, and in the Lutheran Churches, were seized by Latvians and Estonians, i.e., by the representatives of the national majority. In this paper the transition from a society led by Baltic Germans to societies led by Estonians and Latvians is described and analyzed, with a special emphasis on the activity of theologians at the University of Tartu and at the University of Latvia, as well as national and theological discussions and confrontations in the Lutheran Churches of Latvia and Estonia. In the study all leading theologians, their views and works, as well as their international cooperation are analyzed. To describe the rise of Latvian and Estonian national theology, a historical overview of the situation in the Baltic provinces in the nineteenth century has been given as well.
The article focuses on the reaction of the two Orthodox communities in Estonia (The Estonian Apos... more The article focuses on the reaction of the two Orthodox communities in Estonia (The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church and The Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate) towards the Russian aggression in Ukraine
... Mainimist väärivad kindlasti Carl Hugo Hahn, Carl Theodor Hasselblatt, Carl Oscar Emil Thal, ... more ... Mainimist väärivad kindlasti Carl Hugo Hahn, Carl Theodor Hasselblatt, Carl Oscar Emil Thal, Hans Tiismann ning Evald Ovir. ... misjoniselts vajus aga sõja ajal, lõplikult aga pärast Saksamaa kaotust I maailmasõjas sügavasse kriisi, millest taastumiseks kulus terve järgnev ...
Since the beginning of the Russian war in Ukraine, the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Pat... more Since the beginning of the Russian war in Ukraine, the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate has stood out with controversial public statements. In this article it is analysed how the leaders of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate speak about the ongoing war and how the Estonian society has reacted to the ambiguity in the church’s rhetoric.
Doktoritöös kirjeldatakse luteri kirikus aastatel 1917–1934 eksisteerinud teoloogiliste voolude k... more Doktoritöös kirjeldatakse luteri kirikus aastatel 1917–1934 eksisteerinud teoloogiliste voolude kujunemist ja tegevust ning analüüsitakse voolude mõju kirikus toimunud kirikukorralduslikule ja teoloogilisele diskussioonile. Eelneva taustal jälgitakse kiriku õpetuslike ja kirikukorralduslike põhialuste arengut. Luteri kirikus, mis määratles end 1917. a vaba rahvakirikuna, kujunesid organisatsiooni asutamise järel välja kolm teoloogilist voolu: liberaalne, konservatiivne ja kiriklik-konfessionaalne. Voolude esilekerkimise ja moodustumise põhjuseks olid vaimulikkonnas valitsenud teoloogilised erimeelsused, ajendiks aga vaba rahvakiriku korraldus. Selle teoloogiliselt liberaalne tõlgendus ja selle mõjul 1918. aastal muudetud õpetusaluste paragrahv põhjustasid kirikus aastatel 1922–1925 teoloogiliste voolude esindajate vahel terava vastasseisu. Vaidluste ja kokkupõrgete tulemusena muutus vaba rahvakiriku kontseptsiooni tõlgendus senisest konservatiivsemaks ja kirikus algatati liberaalse ...
January 2017 : Already for years, there have been rumors and a public discussion about the erecti... more January 2017 : Already for years, there have been rumors and a public discussion about the erection of a new mosque in Tallinn – the capital of Estonia. Until now, local Muslims have gathered in (...)
ABSTRACT This article examines the activity of Estonian religious communities in the period of pe... more ABSTRACT This article examines the activity of Estonian religious communities in the period of perestroika and the collapse of the Soviet Union. In 1991 the Republic of Estonia regained its independence. This coincided with an upsurge in churchgoing and church activity in society, often referred to as a national and religious awakening. This article, based on archival material, focuses on the changes in church–state relations, on the growing influence of religion and the activity of representatives of religious organisations, and on the development of and attitudes towards new religious movements which emerged in Estonian society in the period from 1985 to 1991. We view these developments in a wider context of social changes in the Soviet Union, with a special emphasis on Estonia, to describe the role that religious communities played in the Estonian liberation process.
This paper examines the birth and rise of Latvian and Estonian national theology during the first... more This paper examines the birth and rise of Latvian and Estonian national theology during the first independence period of Latvia and Estonia from 1918 to 1940. After the establishment of the independent republics of Estonia and Latvia in 1918, leading positions at the theological faculties of the Universities in Tartu and Riga, and in the Lutheran Churches, were seized by Latvians and Estonians, i.e., by the representatives of the national majority. In this paper the transition from a society led by Baltic Germans to societies led by Estonians and Latvians is described and analyzed, with a special emphasis on the activity of theologians at the University of Tartu and at the University of Latvia, as well as national and theological discussions and confrontations in the Lutheran Churches of Latvia and Estonia. In the study all leading theologians, their views and works, as well as their international cooperation are analyzed. To describe the rise of Latvian and Estonian national theology, a historical overview of the situation in the Baltic provinces in the nineteenth century has been given as well.
The article focuses on the reaction of the two Orthodox communities in Estonia (The Estonian Apos... more The article focuses on the reaction of the two Orthodox communities in Estonia (The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church and The Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate) towards the Russian aggression in Ukraine
... Mainimist väärivad kindlasti Carl Hugo Hahn, Carl Theodor Hasselblatt, Carl Oscar Emil Thal, ... more ... Mainimist väärivad kindlasti Carl Hugo Hahn, Carl Theodor Hasselblatt, Carl Oscar Emil Thal, Hans Tiismann ning Evald Ovir. ... misjoniselts vajus aga sõja ajal, lõplikult aga pärast Saksamaa kaotust I maailmasõjas sügavasse kriisi, millest taastumiseks kulus terve järgnev ...
This book is the first to systematically examine the connection between religion and transitional... more This book is the first to systematically examine the connection between religion and transitional justice in post-communism. There are four main goals motivating this book: 1) to explain how civil society (groups such as religious denominations) contribute to transitional justice efforts to address and redress past dictatorial repression; 2) to ascertain the impact of state-led reckoning programs on religious communities and their members; 3) to renew the focus on the factors that determine the adoption (or rejection) of efforts to reckon with past human rights abuses in post-communism; and 4) to examine the limitations of enacting specific transitional justice methods, programs and practices in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union countries, whose democratization has differed in terms of its nature and pace. Various churches and their relationship with the communist states are covered in the following countries: Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Belarus.
Table of Contents
Central Europe
Catholic Church, Stasi, and Post-communism in Germany by Gregor Buß
Lustration and the Roman Catholic Church in Poland by Mikołaj Kunicki
Religion and Transitional Justice in the Czech Republic by Frank Cibulka
Slovakian Catholics and Lutherans Facing the Communist Past by Pavol Jakubčin
The Balkans
The Romanian Orthodox Church Rewriting Its History by Lucian Turcescu
Bulgaria: Revealed Secrets, Unreckoned Past by Momchil Metodiev
Transitional-Unconditional Justice? The Case of the Catholic Church of Albania by Ines Angeli Murzaku
The Baltic Republics
Comfortably Numb: The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church During and After the Soviet Era by Atko Remmel and Priit Rohtmets
The Lutheran and Roman Catholic Churches in Latvia by Solveiga Krumina-Konkova
The Roman Catholic Church in Lithuania and Its Soviet Past by Arūnas Streikus
Former Soviet Republics in Europe
The Russian Orthodox Church and Its Communist Past by Lavinia Stan
Restorative Justice and Orthodox Church in Belarus by Nelly Bekus
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Table of Contents
Central Europe
Catholic Church, Stasi, and Post-communism in Germany by Gregor Buß
Lustration and the Roman Catholic Church in Poland by Mikołaj Kunicki
Religion and Transitional Justice in the Czech Republic by Frank Cibulka
Slovakian Catholics and Lutherans Facing the Communist Past by Pavol Jakubčin
The Balkans
The Romanian Orthodox Church Rewriting Its History by Lucian Turcescu
Bulgaria: Revealed Secrets, Unreckoned Past by Momchil Metodiev
Transitional-Unconditional Justice? The Case of the Catholic Church of Albania by Ines Angeli Murzaku
The Baltic Republics
Comfortably Numb: The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church During and After the Soviet Era by Atko Remmel and Priit Rohtmets
The Lutheran and Roman Catholic Churches in Latvia by Solveiga Krumina-Konkova
The Roman Catholic Church in Lithuania and Its Soviet Past by Arūnas Streikus
Former Soviet Republics in Europe
The Russian Orthodox Church and Its Communist Past by Lavinia Stan
Restorative Justice and Orthodox Church in Belarus by Nelly Bekus