Uncertainty is inevitable in problem solving and decision making. One way to reduce it, is by see... more Uncertainty is inevitable in problem solving and decision making. One way to reduce it, is by seeking the advice of an expert in related field. On the other hand, when computers are used to reduce uncertainty, the computer itelf can become an expert in a specific field through a variety of methods. One such method is machine learning, which involves using a computer algorithm to capture hidden knowledge from data. The researchers conducted the prediction of C02 laser cut quality to obtain singleton output using machine learning techniques. The researchers investigated a problem solving scenario for a metal cutting industry which faces some problems in determining the end quality final part considering several real life machining scenarios with some expert knowledge input from the industry and machine technology features. This large search space poses a challenge for both human experts and machine learning algorithms in achieving the objectives of the industry to reduce the cost of manufacturing by enabling the off hand prediction for laser cut quality to Increase the production quality and rate while significantly reduce the production cost.
Graphene, with its amazing prospects and nonpareil aspects, has enticed scientists and researcher... more Graphene, with its amazing prospects and nonpareil aspects, has enticed scientists and researchers all over the globe in a significant fashion. Graphene, the super material, endlessly demonstrates some of the substantial, as well as desired, mechanical, thermal, optical, and chemical characteristics which are just about to bring about an unprecedented transformation in the science and technology field. Being derived from graphite, graphene is made of one-atom-thick, two-dimensional carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. This Nobel-prize-winning phenomenon includes properties that may result in a new dawn of technology. Graphene, the European Union’s (EU) largest pledged project, has been extensively researched since its discovery. Several stable procedures have been developed to produce graphene nanoparticles in laboratories worldwide. Consequently, miscellaneous applications and futuristic approaches in artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology, biomedical and nanomedici...
Because of its potential to directly transform solar energy into heat and energy, without harmful... more Because of its potential to directly transform solar energy into heat and energy, without harmful environmental effects such as greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid nanofluid is an efficient way to improve the thermal efficiency of solar systems using a possible heat transfer fluid with superior thermo-physical properties. The object of this paper is the study the latest developments in hybrid applications in the fields of solar energy systems in different solar collectors. Hybrid nanofluids are potential fluids with better thermo-physical properties and heat transfer efficiency than conventional heat transfer fluids (oil, water, ethylene glycol) with single nanoparticle nanofluids. The research found that a single nanofluid can be replaced by a hybrid nanofluid because it enhances heat transfer. This work presented the recent developments in hybrid nanofluid preparation methods, stability factors, thermal improvement methods, current applications, and some mathematical regression analy...
During the past decades,the increasing demand for high performance and lightweight materials has ... more During the past decades,the increasing demand for high performance and lightweight materials has stimulated the development of alternative materials,namely Fibre Metal Laminate (FML)structures.FML is a sandwich structure which is formed by bonding the metallic layers with composite as core constituent by means of adhesive agent. In this study,the mechanical behavior of FMLs with the core constituents of environmental friendly kenaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites was studied.The FMLs were manufactured through the hot press moulding compression method where the adhesives were incorporated between metallic layers and composite.The effects of fibre compositions (50,60,and 70 wt%),fibre lengths (3, 6, 9 cm) and chemical treatment on the mechanical responses of FML were investigated.Results revealed that the increase of fibre composition and fibre length reduces the tensile,flexural and indentation properties of FML.However the impact energy absorbed by the kenaf fibre reinforc...
The entire research identifies the unique characteristics of quality and performance analysis of ... more The entire research identifies the unique characteristics of quality and performance analysis of twist drills. The drill tools with diameter of 10 mm made of high speed steel material were used for theentire research, as per the requirement of the sponsorer. The drills selected were geometrically identical, with same tool material but manufactured by two different manufacturers. The main aim of this scientific research is to find out, which manufacturers tool is better in quality and performance under the same combinations of cutting speed and feed.
Recently, researchers and industries have shown an increased interest in, natural fibres due to t... more Recently, researchers and industries have shown an increased interest in, natural fibres due to their advantages compared to synthetic fibres as it is environment friendly and low cost engineering materials. Low velocity impact response of fibre metal laminate (FML) based on short oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres according to weight percentage of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% and 60% has been investigated. The specimens were prepared and tested using impact pendulum tester according to ASTM E-23 standard. The impact resistances of the various laminates were benchmarked with monolithic aluminium. Flat wise impact energy is almost equivalent with monolithic aluminium. This work shows that this type of FML can be used as a substitute to aluminium panels.
Efforts to reduce manufacturing cost and negative environmental impacts have seen the mixture of ... more Efforts to reduce manufacturing cost and negative environmental impacts have seen the mixture of natural fibre with synthetic fibre in composite structures. However, there are limited studies on the notch effect and fibre orientation on mechanical properties of hybrid fibre metal laminate (FML). In this study, tensile properties of FML with notch and different fibre orientation were investigated. The hybrid FML incorporated with kenaf fibre at the middle layer was compared with FML with three layers of E-glass fibre. Kenaf fibre and E-glass fibre used were in plain woven form. The FML in 2/1 configuration was manufactured through hot press manufacturing method to bond layers of annealed aluminium 5052 to the composite. Tensile test was conducted in a quasi-static manner according to ASTM E8. The results showed FML with three layers of glass fibre exhibited higher tensile strength compared with hybrid FML. However, the introduction of kenaf fibre in hybrid FML reduces the notch and f...
Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) is hybrid material that has the combined advantages of metallic materi... more Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) is hybrid material that has the combined advantages of metallic materials and fibre reinforced matrix. It has been widely used in the aircraft industry for impact prone applications due to its excellent fatigue and impact resistance. This research focuses on the quasi-static indentation behaviour of fibre metal laminates based on NaOH treated and untreated kenaf bast fibre with fibre loading wt% of 50, 60 and 70 and fibre length in cm of 3, 6 and 9. Aluminium 5052-O has been used as the skin layers of FML in this study. Hot compression moulding method has been used to fabricate the composite and FML panels for this study. The prepared specimens were tested in accordance with ASTM D 6264 using Instron 5585 universal testing machine to assess their quasi-static indentation performance. The results revealed that treated FMLT-60(9) with fibre loading 60wt% and fibre length of 9cm exhibited the highest energy absorption at 30.82 J.
The article presents theoretical and experimental results of personal research devoted to foundat... more The article presents theoretical and experimental results of personal research devoted to foundation of methodology for recreational classes in rock climbing for teen-agers and youth. Opinions of potential customers of recreational rock climbing are revealed. Principles and methodology for recreational classes in rock climbing are proved.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
This study presents an optimization of injection moulding parameters on mechanical properties of ... more This study presents an optimization of injection moulding parameters on mechanical properties of plastic part using Taguchi method and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) approach. The orthogonal array with L9 was used as the experimental design. Grey relational analysis for ultimate tensile strength, modulus and percentage of elongation from the Taguchi method can convert optimization of the multiple performance characteristics into optimization of a single performance characteristic called the grey relational grade (GRG). It is found that mould temperature of 62oC, melt temperature of 280oC, injection time of 0.70s and cooling time 15.4s are found as the optimum process setting. Furthermore, ANOVA result shows that the cooling time is the most influenced factor that affects the mechanical properties of plastic part followed by mould temperature and melt temperature.
The optimization of processing parameters on warpage of polypropylene (PP) in the application of ... more The optimization of processing parameters on warpage of polypropylene (PP) in the application of injection moulding machine was studied. The appropriate parameters were adjusted to reduce the warpage defect on the tensile test specimen of dumbbell. The type of injection moulding machine used in this research is Arburg 420C 800-250C. Four parameters that have been investigated; injection pressure, clamping pressure, back pressure and holding pressure. A concept of design of experiment (DOE) has been applied using Taguchi method to determine the suitable parameters. To measure the warpage of the dumbbell, digital height gauge was used to measure the flatness of the part surface. According the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most significant factor that effect the warpage was holding pressure by 57.82%, followed with back pressure by 25.75%, clamping pressure by 16.27% and injection pressure by 0.16%. It is found that the optimum parameters setting that have been obtained were inject...
Waste tire rubber powder reinforced polypropylene composites were established with different set ... more Waste tire rubber powder reinforced polypropylene composites were established with different set of compositions ranging from 0% to 40%, where coefficient of friction for each of them was analyzed by pin on disk tribometer. The tribological effect between the pin-disk reveals of how the reinforcement plays a vital role in enhancing the coefficient of friction as compared to virgin polypropylene. This paper also elaborates in detail of how the matrix, reinforcement, specimen and test were prepared and conducted via critically designed methodology. A specially designed non-metallic parted line mold was used to ease specimen removal. SEM micrographs provides clearer view of what actually happens between the inter layer bonding of matrix and reinforced materials. The promising findings not only save the environment by utilizing waste tires which are often difficult to be disposed, but it also significantly enhanced the coefficient of friction for pure polypropylene which is highly potential to be used in engineering applications. The correlation between these materials was found towards routing an alternative way of how waste tires could be utilized to engineer new composite materials.
Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) is a hybrid structure which offers various advantages over conventiona... more Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) is a hybrid structure which offers various advantages over conventional material. It had been used in automotive and aircraft sector since many years ago due to its lightweight and low cost properties. Previous study had shown FML had excellent fatigue crack resistance characteristic compared to metallic alloy. This study shows the effects of different composition of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre on the fatigue life behaviour, hardness properties and mass of FML. FML was manufactured based on randomly oriented short OPEFB fibre and annealed aluminium alloy 6061. The FML panels were formed by bonding aluminium layers to composite by using the hot press compression moulding method with picture frame mould. Static test was conducted prior to fatigue test at quasi-static manner. The fatigue life of monolithic aluminium was investigated and set as a benchmark. The fatigue test was conducted at load levels of 80 to 95% of ultimate tensile strength usi...
Uncertainty is inevitable in problem solving and decision making. One way to reduce it, is by see... more Uncertainty is inevitable in problem solving and decision making. One way to reduce it, is by seeking the advice of an expert in related field. On the other hand, when computers are used to reduce uncertainty, the computer itelf can become an expert in a specific field through a variety of methods. One such method is machine learning, which involves using a computer algorithm to capture hidden knowledge from data. The researchers conducted the prediction of C02 laser cut quality to obtain singleton output using machine learning techniques. The researchers investigated a problem solving scenario for a metal cutting industry which faces some problems in determining the end quality final part considering several real life machining scenarios with some expert knowledge input from the industry and machine technology features. This large search space poses a challenge for both human experts and machine learning algorithms in achieving the objectives of the industry to reduce the cost of manufacturing by enabling the off hand prediction for laser cut quality to Increase the production quality and rate while significantly reduce the production cost.
Graphene, with its amazing prospects and nonpareil aspects, has enticed scientists and researcher... more Graphene, with its amazing prospects and nonpareil aspects, has enticed scientists and researchers all over the globe in a significant fashion. Graphene, the super material, endlessly demonstrates some of the substantial, as well as desired, mechanical, thermal, optical, and chemical characteristics which are just about to bring about an unprecedented transformation in the science and technology field. Being derived from graphite, graphene is made of one-atom-thick, two-dimensional carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. This Nobel-prize-winning phenomenon includes properties that may result in a new dawn of technology. Graphene, the European Union’s (EU) largest pledged project, has been extensively researched since its discovery. Several stable procedures have been developed to produce graphene nanoparticles in laboratories worldwide. Consequently, miscellaneous applications and futuristic approaches in artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology, biomedical and nanomedici...
Because of its potential to directly transform solar energy into heat and energy, without harmful... more Because of its potential to directly transform solar energy into heat and energy, without harmful environmental effects such as greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid nanofluid is an efficient way to improve the thermal efficiency of solar systems using a possible heat transfer fluid with superior thermo-physical properties. The object of this paper is the study the latest developments in hybrid applications in the fields of solar energy systems in different solar collectors. Hybrid nanofluids are potential fluids with better thermo-physical properties and heat transfer efficiency than conventional heat transfer fluids (oil, water, ethylene glycol) with single nanoparticle nanofluids. The research found that a single nanofluid can be replaced by a hybrid nanofluid because it enhances heat transfer. This work presented the recent developments in hybrid nanofluid preparation methods, stability factors, thermal improvement methods, current applications, and some mathematical regression analy...
During the past decades,the increasing demand for high performance and lightweight materials has ... more During the past decades,the increasing demand for high performance and lightweight materials has stimulated the development of alternative materials,namely Fibre Metal Laminate (FML)structures.FML is a sandwich structure which is formed by bonding the metallic layers with composite as core constituent by means of adhesive agent. In this study,the mechanical behavior of FMLs with the core constituents of environmental friendly kenaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites was studied.The FMLs were manufactured through the hot press moulding compression method where the adhesives were incorporated between metallic layers and composite.The effects of fibre compositions (50,60,and 70 wt%),fibre lengths (3, 6, 9 cm) and chemical treatment on the mechanical responses of FML were investigated.Results revealed that the increase of fibre composition and fibre length reduces the tensile,flexural and indentation properties of FML.However the impact energy absorbed by the kenaf fibre reinforc...
The entire research identifies the unique characteristics of quality and performance analysis of ... more The entire research identifies the unique characteristics of quality and performance analysis of twist drills. The drill tools with diameter of 10 mm made of high speed steel material were used for theentire research, as per the requirement of the sponsorer. The drills selected were geometrically identical, with same tool material but manufactured by two different manufacturers. The main aim of this scientific research is to find out, which manufacturers tool is better in quality and performance under the same combinations of cutting speed and feed.
Recently, researchers and industries have shown an increased interest in, natural fibres due to t... more Recently, researchers and industries have shown an increased interest in, natural fibres due to their advantages compared to synthetic fibres as it is environment friendly and low cost engineering materials. Low velocity impact response of fibre metal laminate (FML) based on short oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres according to weight percentage of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% and 60% has been investigated. The specimens were prepared and tested using impact pendulum tester according to ASTM E-23 standard. The impact resistances of the various laminates were benchmarked with monolithic aluminium. Flat wise impact energy is almost equivalent with monolithic aluminium. This work shows that this type of FML can be used as a substitute to aluminium panels.
Efforts to reduce manufacturing cost and negative environmental impacts have seen the mixture of ... more Efforts to reduce manufacturing cost and negative environmental impacts have seen the mixture of natural fibre with synthetic fibre in composite structures. However, there are limited studies on the notch effect and fibre orientation on mechanical properties of hybrid fibre metal laminate (FML). In this study, tensile properties of FML with notch and different fibre orientation were investigated. The hybrid FML incorporated with kenaf fibre at the middle layer was compared with FML with three layers of E-glass fibre. Kenaf fibre and E-glass fibre used were in plain woven form. The FML in 2/1 configuration was manufactured through hot press manufacturing method to bond layers of annealed aluminium 5052 to the composite. Tensile test was conducted in a quasi-static manner according to ASTM E8. The results showed FML with three layers of glass fibre exhibited higher tensile strength compared with hybrid FML. However, the introduction of kenaf fibre in hybrid FML reduces the notch and f...
Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) is hybrid material that has the combined advantages of metallic materi... more Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) is hybrid material that has the combined advantages of metallic materials and fibre reinforced matrix. It has been widely used in the aircraft industry for impact prone applications due to its excellent fatigue and impact resistance. This research focuses on the quasi-static indentation behaviour of fibre metal laminates based on NaOH treated and untreated kenaf bast fibre with fibre loading wt% of 50, 60 and 70 and fibre length in cm of 3, 6 and 9. Aluminium 5052-O has been used as the skin layers of FML in this study. Hot compression moulding method has been used to fabricate the composite and FML panels for this study. The prepared specimens were tested in accordance with ASTM D 6264 using Instron 5585 universal testing machine to assess their quasi-static indentation performance. The results revealed that treated FMLT-60(9) with fibre loading 60wt% and fibre length of 9cm exhibited the highest energy absorption at 30.82 J.
The article presents theoretical and experimental results of personal research devoted to foundat... more The article presents theoretical and experimental results of personal research devoted to foundation of methodology for recreational classes in rock climbing for teen-agers and youth. Opinions of potential customers of recreational rock climbing are revealed. Principles and methodology for recreational classes in rock climbing are proved.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018
This study presents an optimization of injection moulding parameters on mechanical properties of ... more This study presents an optimization of injection moulding parameters on mechanical properties of plastic part using Taguchi method and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) approach. The orthogonal array with L9 was used as the experimental design. Grey relational analysis for ultimate tensile strength, modulus and percentage of elongation from the Taguchi method can convert optimization of the multiple performance characteristics into optimization of a single performance characteristic called the grey relational grade (GRG). It is found that mould temperature of 62oC, melt temperature of 280oC, injection time of 0.70s and cooling time 15.4s are found as the optimum process setting. Furthermore, ANOVA result shows that the cooling time is the most influenced factor that affects the mechanical properties of plastic part followed by mould temperature and melt temperature.
The optimization of processing parameters on warpage of polypropylene (PP) in the application of ... more The optimization of processing parameters on warpage of polypropylene (PP) in the application of injection moulding machine was studied. The appropriate parameters were adjusted to reduce the warpage defect on the tensile test specimen of dumbbell. The type of injection moulding machine used in this research is Arburg 420C 800-250C. Four parameters that have been investigated; injection pressure, clamping pressure, back pressure and holding pressure. A concept of design of experiment (DOE) has been applied using Taguchi method to determine the suitable parameters. To measure the warpage of the dumbbell, digital height gauge was used to measure the flatness of the part surface. According the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most significant factor that effect the warpage was holding pressure by 57.82%, followed with back pressure by 25.75%, clamping pressure by 16.27% and injection pressure by 0.16%. It is found that the optimum parameters setting that have been obtained were inject...
Waste tire rubber powder reinforced polypropylene composites were established with different set ... more Waste tire rubber powder reinforced polypropylene composites were established with different set of compositions ranging from 0% to 40%, where coefficient of friction for each of them was analyzed by pin on disk tribometer. The tribological effect between the pin-disk reveals of how the reinforcement plays a vital role in enhancing the coefficient of friction as compared to virgin polypropylene. This paper also elaborates in detail of how the matrix, reinforcement, specimen and test were prepared and conducted via critically designed methodology. A specially designed non-metallic parted line mold was used to ease specimen removal. SEM micrographs provides clearer view of what actually happens between the inter layer bonding of matrix and reinforced materials. The promising findings not only save the environment by utilizing waste tires which are often difficult to be disposed, but it also significantly enhanced the coefficient of friction for pure polypropylene which is highly potential to be used in engineering applications. The correlation between these materials was found towards routing an alternative way of how waste tires could be utilized to engineer new composite materials.
Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) is a hybrid structure which offers various advantages over conventiona... more Fibre-Metal Laminate (FML) is a hybrid structure which offers various advantages over conventional material. It had been used in automotive and aircraft sector since many years ago due to its lightweight and low cost properties. Previous study had shown FML had excellent fatigue crack resistance characteristic compared to metallic alloy. This study shows the effects of different composition of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre on the fatigue life behaviour, hardness properties and mass of FML. FML was manufactured based on randomly oriented short OPEFB fibre and annealed aluminium alloy 6061. The FML panels were formed by bonding aluminium layers to composite by using the hot press compression moulding method with picture frame mould. Static test was conducted prior to fatigue test at quasi-static manner. The fatigue life of monolithic aluminium was investigated and set as a benchmark. The fatigue test was conducted at load levels of 80 to 95% of ultimate tensile strength usi...
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