This review investigates the development of bioproducts from biomass and their contribution towards net zero carbon emissions. The promising future of biomasses conversion techniques to produce bioproducts was reviewed. The advances in... more
This review investigates the development of bioproducts from biomass and their contribution towards net zero carbon emissions. The promising future of biomasses conversion techniques to produce bioproducts was reviewed. The advances in anaerobic digestion as a biochemical conversion technique have been critically studied and contribute towards carbon emissions mitigation. Different applications of microalgae biomass towards carbon neutrality were comprehensively discussed, and several research findings have been tabulated in this review. The carbon footprints of wastewater treatment plants were studied, and bioenergy utilisation from sludge production was shown to mitigate carbon footprints. The carbon-sinking capability of microalgae has also been outlined. Furthermore, integrated conversion processes have shown to enhance bioproducts generation yield and quality. The anaerobic digestion/pyrolysis integrated process was promising, and potential substrates have been suggested for future research. Lastly, challenges and future perspectives of bioproducts were outlined for a contribution towards meeting carbon neutrality.
This review investigates the modification, optimisation, and characterisation of plant-based natural coagulants applied to water treatment. The disadvantages of plant-based materials hinder their application as alternatives to chemical... more
This review investigates the modification, optimisation, and characterisation of plant-based natural coagulants applied to water treatment. The disadvantages of plant-based materials hinder their application as alternatives to chemical coagulants, necessitating their modification to alter and enhance their physicochemical properties, making them suitable for application. Modification via microwave-assisted grafting copolymerisation has been found to be the most preferred approach compared to conventional methods. Optimisation of the coagulation process using response surface methodology has been shown to be practical. Different techniques are used in determining the physicochemical properties of plant-based natural coagulants. Some of these techniques have been tabulated, describing the properties each technique is capable of investigating. In conclusion, modification and optimisation of plant-based natural coagulants will result in the production of new materials that are stable and suitable for application as coagulants in water treatment.
This review investigates the modification, optimisation, and characterisation of plant-based natural coagulants applied to water treatment. The disadvantages of plant-based materials hinder their application as alternatives to chemical... more
This review investigates the modification, optimisation, and characterisation of plant-based natural coagulants applied to water treatment. The disadvantages of plant-based materials hinder their application as alternatives to chemical coagulants, necessitating their modification to alter and enhance their physicochemical properties, making them suitable for application. Modification via microwave-assisted grafting copolymerisation has been found to be the most preferred approach compared to conventional methods. Optimisation of the coagulation process using response surface methodology has been shown to be practical. Different techniques are used in determining the physicochemical properties of plant-based natural coagulants. Some of these techniques have been tabulated, describing the properties each technique is capable of investigating. In conclusion, modification and optimisation of plant-based natural coagulants will result in the production of new materials that are stable an...
Media depth is the main design element in bioretention system. However, the range of depth which used in this approach are still questionable when dealing with the hydraulic and treatment performance. Hence, this paper investigates the... more
Media depth is the main design element in bioretention system. However, the range of depth which used in this approach are still questionable when dealing with the hydraulic and treatment performance. Hence, this paper investigates the relationship between hydraulic and stormwater treatment performance in predicting long-term performance of bioretention by variation of filter media depths. A preliminary studies focused on three small-scale column, namely C1,C2 and C3 with 74mm in diameter and 700 mm in height. Column C1, C2 and C3 comprise 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm deep engineered soil media, respectively. Soil composition of engineered soil media consists of 50% medium sand, 30% topsoil, and 20% organic leaf compost. Approximately 3.3 L of collected raw stormwater samples were poured into each column in four(4) repetition cycles. Both influent and effluent were collected and tested. Declination trends was observed in hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) as the sedimentation start to developed and clogged on top of surface layer. The results revealed that deeper media depth effectively removed with mean±SD removal of 93.4±5.2, 69.5±17.0, 40.0±13.7% for TSS, TN and TP, respectively. The responses between hydraulic and treatment performance were established using regression method. The relative K, TSS and TP removal had good agreement by obtaining R 2 within 0.72 to 0.91. Hence, the prediction of infiltration parameters can be rely on the contaminant removal through sedimentation and filtration process.
Subsurface drainage modules are important components of the Bio-ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) which is a system designed to manage stormwater quantity and quality using constructed grass swales, subsurface modules, dry and wet... more
Subsurface drainage modules are important components of the Bio-ecological Drainage System (BIOECODS) which is a system designed to manage stormwater quantity and quality using constructed grass swales, subsurface modules, dry and wet ponds. BIOECODS is gradually gaining attention as one of the most ecologically sustainable solutions to the frequent flash floods in Malaysia and the rest of the world with a focus on the impact of the subsurface modules to the effectiveness of the system. Nearly two decades of post-construction research in the BIOECODS technology, there is need to review findings and areas of improvement in the system. Thus, this study highlighted the key advances and challenges in these subsurface drainage modules through an extensive review of related literature. From the study, more work is required on the hydraulic characteristics, flow attenuation and direct validation methods between field, laboratory, and numerical data. Also, there is concern over the loss of efficiency during the design life especially the infiltration capacity of the module, the state of the geotextile and hydronet over time. It is recommended for the sake of higher performance, that there should be an onsite methodology to assess the permeability, rate of clogging and condition of the geotextile as well as the hydronet over time.
... petronas.com.my. 324 Assessment on Pollutant Removal of Interconnected Wet Detention Pond Husna Takaijudin, Ahmad Mustafa Hashim, 1 1 Nur Hidayah Abd Rauf and Kamaruzaman Jusoff 1 2 Department of Civil Engineering ...
Absract-New urban development area has been recognized as the main national problem when dealing with stormwater runoff due to the reduction on pervious area and creating flooding problem. The conventional engineering method is not... more
Absract-New urban development area has been recognized as the main national problem when dealing with stormwater runoff due to the reduction on pervious area and creating flooding problem. The conventional engineering method is not effective because it is insufficient to ...
Page 1. SIMULATION OF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM USING SCS HYDROGRAPH METHOD HUSNA TAKAIJUDIN Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, MALAYSIA. husna_takaijudin@petronas.com.my ...
Engineered soil media plays significant role in enhancing bioretention performance in terms of water quantity and quality aspects. There was limited research on hydraulic response in establishing design parameters such as soil depths.... more
Engineered soil media plays significant role in enhancing bioretention performance in terms of water quantity and quality aspects. There was limited research on hydraulic response in establishing design parameters such as soil depths. This paper presents a preliminary study on the evolution of hydraulic conductivity over time and examine the stormwater treatment efficiency for engineered soil media consisted of various depths. This study focused on three small-scale column namely C1,C2 and C3 with 74mm in diameter and 700 mm in height. Column C1,C2 and C3 comprise 500 mm, 400 mm, 300 mm deep engineered soil media, respectively. Soil composition of engineered soil media consists of 50% medium sand, 30% topsoil, and 20% organic leaf compost. Daily hydraulic conductivity was monitored over 10 weeks to observe the declination of this parameter over the time. Then, approximately 3.3 L collected 'dry' stormwater sample (no rain was observed during November-January 2013) were poure...
The flow resistance of the existing modules in the bio-ecological drainage system (BIOECODS) is high and may lead to flood instead of its mitigation. As part of efforts to enhance the performance of the system, the river engineering and... more
The flow resistance of the existing modules in the bio-ecological drainage system (BIOECODS) is high and may lead to flood instead of its mitigation. As part of efforts to enhance the performance of the system, the river engineering and urban drainage research center (REDAC) module was developed. This study modelled the hydrodynamics of flow through this module using FLOW-3D and laboratory experiments for two cases of free flow without module (FFWM) and flow with a module (FWM) to understand and visualize the effects of the module. With less than 5% error between the numerical and experimental results, REDAC module altered the flow pattern and created resistance by increasing the Manning’s roughness coefficient at the upstream, depth-averaged flow velocity (43.50 cm/s to about 46.50 cm/s) at the downstream and decreasing water depth (7.75–6.50 cm). These variations can be attributed to the complex nature of the module pattern with further increase across the porous openings. Therefo...
One of the best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater quality and quantity control is a bioretention system. The removal efficiency of different pollutants under this system is generally satisfactory, except for nitrogen which is... more
One of the best management practices (BMPs) for stormwater quality and quantity control is a bioretention system. The removal efficiency of different pollutants under this system is generally satisfactory, except for nitrogen which is deficient in certain bioretention systems. Nitrogen has a complex biogeochemical cycle, and thus the removal processes of nitrogen are typically slower than other pollutants. This study summarizes recent studies that have focused on nitrogen removal for urban stormwater runoff and discusses the latest advances in bioretention systems. The performance, influencing factors, and design enhancements are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The review of current literature reveals that a bioretention system shows great promise due to its ability to remove nitrogen from stormwater runoff. Combining nitrification and denitrification zones with the addition of a carbon source and selecting different plant species promote nitrogen removal. Nevertheless, more...
